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Keywords
Alloy, Swedish conductors, AL-59, ACSR, AAAC
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INTRODUCTION
The categories of conventional type of Aluminium and Aluminium alloy overhead conductors
available globally are:
Homogeneous Conductors
AAC All Aluminium Conductors
AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductors
Non Homogeneous Conductors
ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
AACSR-Aluminium Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced
ACAR Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced
For several years, distribution and transmission lines have been designed using aluminum
conductors steel reinforced (ACSR) or in some countries all aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC).
Both types normally have a conductivity calculated on the total area of 53-54% copper (IACS).
Since the mid-1970s the cost of producing electric energy has grown rapidly, leading to an
increase in the cost of losses. An attempt to find new conductor material producing fewer
losses in the network was started in Sweden at the beginning of the 1970s and led in 1979 to
the release of a new conductor standard called Al-59, where 59 stands for its conductivity
(IACS).
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HISTORY
In 1920s, within about 20 years of introducing ACSR, France introduced for the first time a
new type of electrical conductor made of an alloy of aluminium with magnesium and silicon
alloy. Other European countries also developed similar material as their conductor material US
also followed the same in 1960s
The electrical conductor made of such alloy had higher strength than EC grade aluminium of
equal size with slight loss in conductivity. Due to the increased strength the conductors did not
require steel reinforced. AAAC thus made its advent as the most suitable current carrier in
transmission and distribution. IEC recommendation number 208 provides an internationally
acceptable standard for AAAC (Aluminium Alloy Conductors)
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At the beginning of 70s AB Electrokopper in Helinsburg developed an alloy with the trade name
DUCTALEX. It has a better conductivity than the alloys developed by the France but a slightly lower
mechanical strength.
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This new conductor alloy was laboratory tested at the Swedish State Power Board with respect to creep,
corrosion resistance, self damping and fatigue strength, all tests showed the same or better properties
than the ordinary alloy.
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Tensile Strength
Kgf
Typical Factors
Reference Specification
ACSR MOOSE
AAAC MOOSE
AL-59 Alloy
54/7/3.53
61/3.55
61/3.52
IS 398 PART II
IS 398 PART IV
SS 4240814
31.77
31.95
31.68
596.69
603.47
593.31
40
40
40
1092
1089
1313
***
1343
1620
10.917
9.472
10.515
***
10.402
11.387
Sag (meter)
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kg/km
1998
1666
1640
16269
17124
14577
0.05595
0.0568
0.0501
Tensile Strength
Kgf
DC Resistance
Ohm/km
Note: Current Carrying Capacity calculation based on wind velocity of 1 m/sec and solar
absorption coefficient is 0.6
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AAACWEASEL
AL-59 Alloy
Typical Factors
6/ 1/ 2.59
7/ 2.50
7/ 2.50
Reference Specification
IS 398 PART II
IS 398 PART IV
SS 4240814
7.77
7.50
7.50
36.86
34.34
34.34
40
40
40
183
176
187
***
212
225
90.03
72.85
86.74
***
72.99
86.86
128
94
94
109.09
99.18
84.10
0.9289
0.9900
0.8777
Sag (meter)
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250
CURRENT(Amps)
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300
AL 59 7/2.50
200
150
100
50
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
TEM P ERA TURE (Degrees C)
110
2500
AL-59 61/4.36
AAAC 61/4.26
CURRENT(Amps)
2000
1500
1000
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
TEMPERATURE (Degrees C)
110
Figure 8 - Comparison of AAAC 61/ 4.26, ACSR Bersimis and AL-59 910 sq.mm conductors.
CURRENT(Amps)
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500
2000
AL-59 61/3.52
1750
ACSR 54/3.53+7/3.53
1500
AAAC 61/3.65
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
TEMPERATURE (Degrees C)
110
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Even though strength of the AL-59 conductor is less compared to conventional AAAC, AL-59 is
strung at the same tension as like conventional AAAC. The Important factor for choosing
tension from the vibrating point of view is tension divided by the conductor mass. This value is
independent of Ultimate tensile strength.
ADVANTAGES OVER ACSR AND AAAC
- Higher current carrying capacity with lesser cross sectional area.
- Higher power transfer capacity with lesser cross sectional area.
- Commercial benefits due to lower power loss and higher power transfer capacity.
APPROVALS AND AWARDS
Sterlites 774 sq-mm AL-59 sample was type tested (for creep and ultimate
tensile strength) and approved by J-Power Systems Corporation, Japan. The
result of creep achieved was 436 mm/Km which superior to the specified
requirement of 450 mm/Km. Sterlite has supplied these conductors globally.
Sterlite received the Best Product Award from by IEEMA for AL- 59 Alloy
Conductors
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CONCLUSION
Power for all by the year 2012 is the vision of the Ministry of Power, Government of India. The Government of
Indias Transmission Perspective Plan focuses on the creation of a National Grid in a phased manner by adding over
60,000 km of Transmission Network by 2012. Such an integrated grid is envisaged to evacuate additional 1,
00,000 MW by the year 2012 and carry 60% of the power generated in the country. The existing inter-regional
power transfer capacity is 9,000 MW, which is to be further enhanced to 30,000 MW by 2012 through creation of
Transmission Super Highways. On a global level, ABS Research, UK reports that the global market for power
transmission conductors was valued at about US$12.3 Billion in 2006 and has a CAGR of 7% from 2004 through
2006. ABS Research also anticipates a stable demand growth in the global market from 2007 through 2010 at a
CAGR of about 7%. In view of development of new power transmission and distribution grids by global power
incumbents, Al-59 Alloy Conductors would have a special significance while designing
transmission line networks, as the properties of these conductors enable superior power
evacuation while optimizing the cost of the entire grid.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
Swedish Standards:
SS4240814: Aluminium alloy stranded conductors for overhead lines Al 59 Conductors.
Ss4240813: Aluminium alloy wire for stranded conductors for overhead lines Al 59 Wires.
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