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Do the private respondents have a cause of action to annul Florentinos will and
recover the properties? NO.
RATIO
Conclusiveness of probate decree
What the plaintiffs seek is the annulment of a will duly probated in 1939 by that same
court.
It is clear the last action is barred by res judicata and by prescription.
Our procedural laws do not sanction an action for annulment of a will.
The defense of res judicata against the 1967 complaint is two-pronged because there are
two bars by former judgment: the first, the decrees of probate and distribution in the
special proceeding, and the second, the dismissal of the 1952 action.
The 1939 decree of probate is conclusive as to the due execution or formal validity of the
will. That means that:
o The testator was of sound and disposing mind when he executed the will
o He was not acting under duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence
o He signed the will in the presence of the required number of witnesses
o The Will is genuine
These facts cannot be again questioned in a subsequent proceeding, not even in a criminal
action for forgery of the will.
The decree of adjudication rendered in the testate proceedings, having been rendered in a
proceeding in rem, is binding upon the whole world.
Meanwhile, the 1952 order of dismissal, a judgment in personam and an adjudication on
the merits, is binding upon private respondents.
Art. 1410 cannot possibly apply to last wills and testaments.
DISPOSITIVE
Disposition of the case