Perceived Competencies of Entry- level Accountant Respondents as Perceived

by Themselves in Terms of Functional Competencies

Indicator
Functional
Decision-making:
Financial
risk
analysis:
Measurement
Reporting
Research
Leverage technology
OVERALL

Adjectival

Composite
Mean
3.02

SD
.62

Description
High Competence

Interpretation

2.97

.72

High Competence

Agree

2.97
3.13
2.72
2.82

.63
.63
.74
.62

Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree

3.00

.56

High Competence
High Competence
High Competence
High Competence
High
Competence

Agree

Agree

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51
4.00

Indicator Functional
Statement
#

#1

#10

Composite
Mean
Of
Decision
Making

Mean

Adjectival
Description

Interpret
ation

.69

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.72

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.62

High
Competenc
e

Agree

SD

Decision Making
Decision-making: having the
ability
to
conceptually
structuralize the situation and
select one amongst available
options.
The ability to analyse and
reason logically: supporting
your
arguments
with
theoretical
analysis
or
objective
or
subjective
reasoning process.

3.07

2.97

3.02

Risk Analysis

#2

Financial
risk
analysis:
having the ability to assess
the
factors
that
may
jeopardize the project such as
knowing
cost
benefit
analysis,
ratio
analysis,
portfolio management, NPV,
IRR, sensitivity analysis etc.

Composite
Mean Of
Risk
Analysis

#9

#3

2.97

2.97

.72

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.72

High
Competenc
e

Agree

High
Competenc
e

Agree

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.63

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.63

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Measurement
Economics
background:
analysing the production,
distribution and consumption
of goods and services such as
3.13 .78
knowing how to measure
GDP, GNP, demand and
supply curve, equilibrium,
and price elasticity etc.
Financial
accounting:
classifying
of
financial
2.80 .66
transactions
to
proper
accounts.

Composite
Mean of
Measurem
ent

2.97
Reporting

#8

Cost
and
management
accounting: study of the
accounting information to
managers
within
organizations, to provide
them with the basis to make
informed business decisions
such as knowing budgeting
techniques,
costing,
accounting for labour, and
accounting for overheads etc.

3.13

Composite
Mean of
Reporting

3.13

.63

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.81

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.76

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.74

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.86

Low
Competenc
e

Disagree

.73

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.62

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.56

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Research
#6

#7

Use of modeling and

quantitative
analysis
techniques
Statistics: study of the
collection,
organization,
analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of data such as
knowing how to conduct
regression
analysis,
correlation, chi-square, t-test,
and hypothesis testing etc.

Composite
Mean of
Research

2.63

2.80

2.72

Leverage Technology
#4

Utilize specialized software

(SPSS, accounting and tax).

#5

Information
technology
competence:
having the
ability to use computer
software such as knowing
MS
Office,
Excel,
Powerpoints

Composite
Mean of
Leverage
Technolog
y
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
FUNCTI
ONAL
COMPET
ENCY

2.50

3.13

2.82

3.00

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00

Perceived Competencies of Entry- level Accountant Respondents as Perceived by

Themselves in Terms of Personal Competencies

Indicator

Composit
e
Mean

SD

Adjectival
Description

Interpretat
ion

High
Agree
Competence
High
Problem Solving and Decision
3.30
.60
Competen
Agree
Making
ce
High
Interaction
3.10
.56
Agree
Competence
High
Leadership
3.30
.60
Agree
Competence
High
Communication
3.04
.67
Agree
Competence
Project Management,
High
3.00
.59
Agree
Competence
High
OVERALL
3.12
.47
Agree
Competence
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ;
Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00
Professional Demeanor

3.10

Indicator Functional
Statement
#

.48

Mean

SD

Adjectival
Description

Professional Demeanor

Interpret
ation

#13

#17

#23

#26

Composite
Mean
Of
Profession
al
Demeanor

#11

#21
Composite
Mean Of
Problem
Solving
and
Decision
Making

Think and behave ethically:

professional behavior of
accountants
must
be
according to accounting code
of ethics
Personal attributes: having
confidence, identifying owns
strengths and weaknesses,
motivation
level,
selfpromotion
and
selfmanagement etc.
Presentation
skill:
appropriately present
and
construct financial statement
or audit opinion
Focused on outcomes: ability
to focus on objective and
subjective outcomes such as
meeting financial targets and
deadlines

3.37

3.03

2.80

3.20

3.10

.72

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.18

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.76

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.71

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.48

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Problem Solving and Decision Making

Problem solving: coming up
High
with a practical and feasible 3.13 .63 Competenc
solution to a problem
e
Think creatively: coming up
High
with new and more effective 3.13 .63 Competenc
solutions to old problems
e

3.13

.51

Interaction

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Agree

Agree

#14

#19

#24

#25

Flexibility and adaptability:

be flexible and adaptable to
changing environment in
official routine activities.
Teamwork: having the ability
to collaborate with colleagues
to resolve conflicts while
working in group.
Negotiation skill: making
others understand what you
are saying and convincing
them to a point where both
parties
arrive
at
an
agreement.
Understanding
group
dynamics: while working in
group understanding others
work potential, attitude,
emotions, and patience level.

Composite
Mean of
Interaction

3.27

3.27

2.83

3.03

3.10

.74

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.58

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.79

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.76

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.56

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.74

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.61

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.60

High
Competenc
e

Agree

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Leadership
#20

#27
Composite
Mean of
Leadershi
p

#15

Independent thinking: having

independent
professional
judgment
Self-initiative: taking the
work responsibility on your
own while considering work
environment dynamics

3.23

3.37

3.30

Communication
Communicate orally: having
the ability to speak fluently in
English, using appropriate 2.87 .78
tone to address your boss and
subordinates.

Communicate in written
format: having the ability to
draft inter office memos and
letters.
English language: having the
ability to read, write, listen
and speak in English.
Listen effectively: listen
attentively and understanding
what others are saying.

#16

#18

#22
Composite
Mean of
Communi
cation

3.07

.83

3.00

.74

3.23

.77

3.04

.67

High
Competenc
e
High
Competenc
e
High
Competenc
e
High
Competenc
e

Project Management
Project management: having
High
the ability to establish and 3.00 .59 Competenc
run new projects
e

#12
Composite
Mean of
Project
Managem
ent
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
PERSON
AL
COMPET
ENCY

3.00

3.12

Agree

Agree

Agree

Agree

Agree

.59

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.47

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51
4.00

Perceived Competencies of Entry- level Accountant Respondents as Perceived

by Themselves in Terms of Business or Organizational Competencies
Indicator

Strategic/Critical Thinking

Composi
te
Mean
3.10

SD

Adjectival
Description

Interpretat
ion

.48

High

Agree

Industry/Sector Perspective

3.00

.59

International/Global
Perspective

2.77

.82

3.27

.64

3.00

.54

3.00

.64

2.92

.55

Resource Management,
Legal/Regulatory Perspective
Marketing/Client Focus,
OVERALL

Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence

Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51
4.00

Indicator Functional
Statement
#

#30

Composite
Mean
Of
Strategic/
Critical
Thinking

#34

Mean

SD

Adjectival
Description

Interpret
ation

Strategic/Critical Thinking
Critical thinking: having a
sight to see things beyond its
apparent meaning and not
accepting anything until
proven with logical reasoning
or through some evidence

3.10

3.10

.48

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.48

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Industry/Sector Perspective
Work
effectively
in
diversified cultural settings:
High
understanding cultural norms
3.00 .69 Competenc
and values to work in
e
diversified
culture
or
multinational firms

Agree

Composite
Mean Of
Industry/S
ector
Perspectiv
e

#28

Composite
Mean of
Industry/S
ector
Perspectiv
e

#35

Composite
Mean of
Resource
Managem
ent

#29

3.00

.69

High
Competenc
e

International/Global Perspective
International
global
perspective: Knowledge and
understanding
of
High
international
financial 2.76 .82 Competenc
reporting standards and of
e
current developments in the
accounting profession

2.77

.82

High
Competenc
e

Resource Management
Engage in lifelong learning:
attending
professional
High
development, seminars , team 3.27 .64 Competenc
buildings and
programs
e
required in the profession.

3.27

.64

High
Competenc
e

Legal/Regulatory Perspective
Legal regulatory perspective:
knowledge of the legal
High
structure of the state such as 2.87 .63 Competenc
corporate law, taxation and
e
auditing standards

Agree

Agree

Agree

Agree

Agree

Agree

#32

Composite
Mean of
Legal/Reg
ulatory
Perspectiv
e

#31

#33

Composite
Mean of
Marketing
/Client
Focus
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
ORGANIZ
ATIONAL
COMPET
ENCIES

Inter or multidisciplinary
perspective: while doing
accounting
considering
others
disciplinary
perspective such as strategic
management, corporate law
and taxation etc.

3.13

3.00

.68

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.54

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Marketing/Client Focus
Marketing/clients
focus:
customer care orientation
High
such as knowing marketing 2.93 .78 Competenc
tactics in order to deal with
e
clients
Strategic
management:
concerned with the study of
understanding organisation
strategic requirements such
High
as knowing porter's 5 forces, 3.07 .74 Competenc
SWOT
analysis,
price
e
differentiation
strategies,
product development, market
penetration etc

3.00

2.92

Agree

Agree

.64

High
Competenc
e

Agree

.55

High
Competenc
e

Agree

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51
4.00

Overall Assessment on the Perceived Competencies of Entry- level Accountant

Respondents as Perceived by Themselves
Indicator

Mean

SD

Functional

3.00

.56

Personal

3.12

.47

Organizational or
Business

2.92

.55

Overall Mean

3.01

.47

Adjectival
Interpretation
Description
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence

Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51
4.00