Fallacies of Presumption

A. Accident
1. Father Zaragosa is a priest. His words are Gods words; he is not vulnerable of lying. He
doesnt know how to lie, lying is a sin. Therefore, Father Zaragosas statement is factual.
2. Philippines is a poor country, It cannot afford to possess high-tech and advance war arms.
Therefore, since Philippines cant buy so, we will be forever underdog.
3. Teachers are heroes, Ms. Mendes is a Math Teacher. Therefore, Ms. Mendes is a Hero.
4. President Duterte is the highest leader of the land. Therefore, Duterte can command anyone of
anything.
5. Japan is the most advance in technology, they are known for creating new innovations.
Therefore, Japan is the most improved country in the world.
B. Converse Accident
1. Martial Law of Marcos Administration has been the Philippines most abusive regime. Declaring
Martial law again could be another suppression of right of Filipinos, therefore, another worst
Regime would be served if Martial Law will be declared.
2. Merriam Defensor Santiago is a Lawyer and is a great and effective senator, Therefore,
Lawyers are great and effective senators.
3. Albert was featured in Jessica Sojo because of his good heart and compassion to poors and
he is from Masbate, Therefore Masbatenos are kind-hearted and compassionate to poors.
4. Annalyn wears Jabbo bag and known as the richest student in her school. I saw Albert with
Jabbo Bag, Therefore, Albert is rich.
5. Anthony is a drug addict and was killed by the police lastnight. Russel is also a drug addict,
Therefore, he might be killed in the next days.
C. False Cause
1. My Birthday is always memorable, Therefore, this year will be memorable too.
2. I experience lot of mishaps every Friday the 13 th, this coming Friday the 13th I shall expect
misfortunes.
3. Last June there was 3 Typhoons hitted the Philippines according to PAGASA, Therefore, there
will be a certain Typhoon that will enter this coming June.
4. All were in accordance with plan until he came into picture everything went into mistakes,
therefore, he brought a badluck.

D. Begging the Questions

Assuptio non probata
1. Every Youth has a substantial contribution in Nation Building, Therefore Ana, a 6 th Grade
student, has a substantial constribution.
2. All people are from monkeys. Therefore, Philippines, a human came from monkeys.
3. Asians are the intellectual superiors in the world, Therefore, Alvin, a Filipino, is intelligent.
4. All girls are more mature than boys, Therefore, Kisses, a girl, is more mature than her
boyfriend Edward.
5. All senators are professionals that means they are educated and smart, Therefore, Manny
Paquiao, a senator, is educated and smart.
Circular Reasoning

1. You should drive on the right side of the road because that is what the law says, and the law is
the law.

E. Complex Question
1. Are you there when the crime was happened?
If so, then you know who killed Emerson.
If not, then why you are here to testify.
Therefore, you are there.
2. How many more people will be killed without due process of law?
Therefore, there are extrajudicial killings.
3. How many years had you been married to Albert?
Therefore, you were once in love with him.
4. How many gays have you bullied when you were highschool?
Therefore, you are against with Same Sex marriage, why are you here now defending them?
5. Isnt after school you open your facebook and end the day still surfing?
Therefore, you are neclecting your studies.
F. Neglected Aspect.
1. I saw apartment on Baguio it is cheaper than your apartment here in Makati. You should rent
there.
2. Call Centre compensates higher my previous jobs. Therefore, Call Center is the best job,
3. Bus costs less than airplane on going to Boracay, Therefore taking Bus is best.
4. Maguindanao has beautiful beaches. Therefore, Maguindanao is the best destination in the
Philippines.
5. Shirts in Divisoria are the cheapest. Therefore, shirts in Divisoria are the best brands.
Fallacies of Presumption
A. Equivocal
1. Beautiful Girls are exceptional, Exceptional Girls are easy to get. Therefore, Beautiful Girls
are easy to get.
2. Effective Professors are rare, but rare professors are highpaid educators. Therefore,
Effective Professors are highpaid educators/
3. Asians has chinky eyes, Those who has chinky eyes are cute. Therefore, Asians are cute.
4. Baguio has a cold temperature, but places with cold temperatures are located in a
elevated areas. Therefore, Baguio is elevated place.
5. Americans are compassionate people, compassionate people are kind-hearted one.
Therefore, Americans are kind-hearted one.
B. Amphiboly
1. The anthropologists went to a remote area and took photographs of some native women,
but they weren't developed.
2. One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I'll never
know

C. Accent
1. My spouse must be cheating on me - he told me "I don't really love you now."
2. I cannot praise her work too highly.
3. I will waste no time in reading your letter.
4. I've never seen you looking better.
5. I am opposed to taxes which slow economic growth.
D. Composition
1. People of Makati are loyal, Therefore, Makati itself is loyal
2. Students of RTU are obedient to school law, Therefore, RTU itself is obedient to the law
3. The Human Body is composed of water, therefore, Body itself is water.
4. Every room in the building is white, Therefore, The building is color white.
5. The introductory part of the thesis has a Arial font, Therefore, The Thesis is in Arial.
E. Division
1. The senior citizens of the Philippines are getting financial assistance from the government,
Therefore, Nanay Pina will get also an assistance.
2. All students from the cream section gets high grades in Mathematics, therefore, Albert,
student of cream section, gets high grade in Math.
3. Every graduates of Ateneo gets a greatest job in the land, therefore, Jerry, graduate from
Ateneo will surely get a greatest job.
4. Lazada products are all in good conditions, therefore, your headset order in lazada is in
good condition.
5. Political Science students are excellent in debate and argumentations, therefore, Che, a
political science major is excellent in debate and argumentation.
Miscellaneous Fallacies
A. Self-contradiction
1. He killed the invincible villain.
2. I saw a light in my darkest life.
3. The Typoon stops the inevitable midterm in corporation Law.
4. I am sad of being happy.
5. I hate being loved.
B. False Analogy
1. Love is like android game, you should know first about the game before starting because if you
dont know anything, your game will be soon over.
2. Marriage is like a Magnet,