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1 MAY 2015
SEISMIC DESIGN - INTRODUCTION
Agenda
SDC &
Design
Seismic
Design
Seismicity
Introduction
Plate
Tectonics
Structural
failures
Fault
Rupture
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SEISMIC DESIGN - INTRODUCTION
Seismicity refers to the geographic and historical distribution of earthquakes. The dots
represent the epicenters of significant earthquakes. It is apparent that the locations of
the great majority of earthquakes correspond to the boundaries between plates.
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RING OF FIRE
Volcanic arcs and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin form the socalled Ring of Fire, a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
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PLATE TECTONICS
The Earth is made up of a dozen major plates and several minor plates. Tectonic
plates are constantly on the move. The fastest tectonic plate constantly races
along at 6 per year while the slowest plates crawl at less than1 per year [USGS]
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CONTINETAL DRIFT
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www.tectonics.caltech.edu
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EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE
Earthquake magnitude
M, is a measure of the
kinetic energy released
by an earthquake.
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SEISMIC DESIGN - INTRODUCTION
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
1) Ground Shaking
2) Permanent Ground Deformation
3) Liquefaction (a) Sand Boils
(b) Lateral Spreading Landslides
4) Basin Effect
5) Tsunami
6) Landslides
7) Structural Destruction
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www.infra.kochi-tech.ac.jp/
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Ref: kyoto-u.ac.jp
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..
Lateral spread or flow are terms referring to landslides that commonly form
on gentle slopes and that have rapid fluid-like flow movement, like water.
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BASIN EFFECT I
8-story RC building
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BASIN EFFECT II
Characteristics of the soil profiles
Dynamic characteristics of
Soil deposits play vital role
[Aviles and Perez-Rocha 1998]
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Earthquake Magnitude
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REF: USGS
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REF: USGS
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REF: USGS
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USGS
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USGS
LANDSLIDES
Landslide north of Fort Funston, San Mateo Coast, CA
The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
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SEISMIC DESIGN - INTRODUCTION
REF: USGS
LANDSLIDE MITIGATION
The hazard from landslides can be reduced by
avoiding construction on steep slopes and existing landslides
stabilizing the slopes.
Slope stability is increased when
a retaining structure &/or the weight of a soil/rock berm are
placed at the toe of the landslide.
when mass is removed from the top of the slope.
When ground water is prevented from rising in the landslide
mass.
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TUNNEL DESTRUCTION
2004 Niigata Earthquake, Japan
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There is not a fiercer hell than the failure in a great object Keats
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FEW Q&A
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FEW Q&A
Q: Since liner in rock is anchored to rock, the tensile hoop forces in liner
are apparent during ovaling response. Do we have these for liner in soil?
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Liner in Soil
FEW Q&A
Q: Since liner in rock is anchored to rock, the tensile hoop forces in liner
are apparent during ovaling response. Do we have these for liner in soil?
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Liner in Soil
FEW Q&A
Q: Since liner in rock is anchored to rock, the tensile hoop forces in liner
are apparent during ovaling response. Do we have these for liner in soil?
F = m.a
T
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Liner in Soil
No real damage
MMI VI
MMI VII
MMI VIII Hazardous damage to susceptible structures SDC D 0.3 < SM1 < 1.12g
MMI IX
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modelling approach.
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T
PE
In 1
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[AASHTO 2010]
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/designmaps/us/application.php
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[AASHTO 2010]
RESPONSE SPECTRA
Response spectra
establish the ground
motion shaking intensity
level and are used for
deriving other ground
motion parameters, e.g.,
PGA / SM1 is used to find
PGV, shear strain, etc.
Response spectra are
used as target spectra for
generating design ground
motion time histories for
refined numerical analysis
Minimum three points are required
to establish Response Spectra
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http://geohazards.usgs.gov/hazardtool/application.php
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[AASHTO 2010]
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Ovaling/Racking Deformation of
Circular/Rectangular c/section to
Vertically Propagating Shear Waves
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Offshore structures
Thank You!
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Q?
DESIGN STANDARDS
(1) AASHTO Technical Manual for Design & Construction of Road Tunnels
Civil Elements 2010
(4) ASCE/SEI 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
(5) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6th Edition, 2014
(6) AASHTO LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition, 2011
(7) AISC 341-10 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, 2010
(8) ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete & Commentary
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SS = 5 percent damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods as defined in Sec. 11.4.3
S1 = spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second as defined in Section 11.4.3
SaM = the site-specific MCER spectral response acceleration at any period
SMS = the MCER, 5 percent damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods adjusted
for target risk and site-class effects as defined in Section 11.4.3
SM1 = the MCER, 5 percent damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second
adjusted for target risk and site-class effects as defined in Section 11.4.3
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T
S a S DS 0.4 0.6 for T T0 ( Eq.11.4 9)
T0
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