Half life:

the time it takes for one-half of an

original radioactive parent atom to
decay

Isotopes:
atoms of the same element with
different numbers of neutrons

Mono Lake:
a terminal lake in California. it is even
saltier than the ocean because water
doesnt flow out. In 1973, the city of
Los Angeles decided to redirect water
away from Mono Lake. The lake began
to dry up and posed other
environmental threats. Then, in 1994,
Los Angeles allowed to lake to refill to
2/3 of its original size.
1st and 2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
first law of thermodynamics: a law
of nature stating that energy can neither
be created nor destroyed
second law of thermodynamics: the
law stating that when energy is
transformed, the quantity of energy
remains the same, but its ability to do
work diminishes

Open System vs Closed System:

open system: a system in which
exchange of matter or energy occur
across system boundaries
closed system: a system in which
matter and energy exchanges do not
occur across boundaries

Negative Feedback Loop:

a feedback loop in which a system
responds to a change by returning to its
original state, or by decreasing the rate
at which the change is occurring

Positive Feedback Loop:

a feedback loop in which change in a
system is amplified

pH Scale:
the scale that indicates the pH, the
number indicating the strength of acids
and bases, on a scale of 0 to 14, where
7 is neutral, a value below 7 is acidic,
and a value above 7 is basic

Energy Efficiency:
the ratio of the amount of work done
to the total amount of energy
introduced to the system

Energy vs Power:
energy: the ability to do work or
transfer heat
power: the rate at which work is done