PLACEMENT OF PUPIL With these curves in place, the pupil of the eye appears sus- rnded from under the upper lid, and slightly above the rim of the lower lid. Eye Muscles, Greatly Compressed Bye Muaclee, Partially Compressed EYE MUSCLE FORMATION» Surrounding the entte xe ‘ute: the orbiouars eal 1 consists of two. pats: the orbital past, whic encircles the entire eye socket from the brow ridge dawn to the mide check bone; and the palpebral part, th eyelid, which encase the eye itelt, Both parts of the rbieularis muscle ‘lose ‘the eye by compression. The tear orbital part vigorously Contracts the region around the Socket, while the eyelids cur- tain the eye briskly but gently Eye MusclesSHAPE OF EYE AXIS OF BYE ‘The highest point of the curve ‘These points, joined with a of the upper lid is elose to the line, show the oblique ass of inside corner of the eye, ap- the aye, The eye opening is not proximately one third of an a symmetrical almond shape. fye-width away. The low point Othe lower lid is one third of ’n eyeswidth from the outside High and Low Points of Eye Avis of Eye: Three-Quarter Down View Asis of Eye: Three-Quarter Up ViewSIDE VIEW OF EY! pus ‘The greater eurve of the upper lid’ and smaller eurve of the lower lid are more clearly seen. from a three-quarter or side view of the eye, Note that the Tower id lies on a backward slope of 45 degrees from the outthrust upper Tid.‘REFINEMENT. OF FEATURES Among the nine feature forms, four have a more complex and involved quality: the eye, nose, ‘mouth, and ear. Two of these es cried fo 3 ew phate of form development. Examini ‘the mouth bulge, we shall obe ‘erve the special quality of the fleshy cover, the lips. Drawing the eye socket, we must con- sider the eyeball and the eye lids, Bye Almost spherical and about one inch in diameter, the eyeball Ties within the deep cavity (the arbit) of the eye, cushioned in fatty tissue and situated partly {0 the front ofthe socket open Ing. On all sides of the socket im, the eye is protected by feat projecting Structures of fone: the high nasal bone to the inside; the overhanging bow ridge (the superetiary arch) above and tothe outsider the protrading cheek. mound (the zygomatic bone) below. EYELIDS ‘The eye may be conceived as & partially exposed internal or- san of the body. Covering the exposed bulge of the eyeball are the upper and lower eye- lids. The upper lid is more active and moveable than the lower. Tt is also the larger of ‘the two lids and more fully curved. ‘The wider are of the ‘upper tid swings around the eyeball at its equatorial middle, ‘The lower lid eurves around a small are at the base of the eyeball. aMOUTH BARREL Starting at the nose base, the mouth barrel extends two ‘thirds the distanee down from ‘the nose to the chin. The sides fof the barrel align with the ‘enters of the eye sockets, M Mouth barrel aligns with centers of sockets and widest points of chin, HIN ox Projecting from under the ‘mouth barrel, the chin extends ‘one third the distance upward to the nose, At its widest point, the chin box is equal to the ‘width of the mouth barrel JAW CORNER ‘The angle of the lower jaw aligns with the lower lip of the ‘mouth barrel.BYE SOCKET Starting at the base of the bbrow bone, the socket extends halfway down along the length of the nose. The outer edge of the socket lies just above the projecting cheek bone, ‘The base line of the cheek bone aligns with the base of the nose. In frontal views, the in- ner depression of the cheele bone is roughly midway along a diagonal line (30 degrees) from the eye socket to the angle of the jaw. Cheek bone aligns with base of nose. Check bone depression ix ‘midway on diagonal Tine. 8‘base is equal tothe width of the que ite ae 4 il i ef wisa hs if ale i asfidl ellie Base of nose is one eye wide,DRAWING ConRECT When you draw the head, it fs helpful to visualize. these proportions in the following ster 1 Frontally, the head, with its two great masses, is clearly egg-shaped. Th order to estab- lish the shape correctly, first draw the outline of this ovoid form, ver 2 Now divide the simple head shape lengthwise in equal hnalves with a eenter line (A-B) drawn from crovin to chin, see 3 ‘Take the width of one of the halves of the egg (C-D) and ‘measure this against the ver- teal enter line (A-B). If you hhave dravn thé egg properly, the center line (A-B) should be three times the length of the horizontal line (C-D).. Thus, the fotad width of the head (C: E) is just two thirds the Jength. if your first drawing. of the head shape is too long or too short, use these space divisions to eliminate the dis- tortion.