HIST-1301-40820 United States History I

COURSE TYPE: Academic Core

Tarrant County CollegeSoutheast Campus (Spring 2016)

Review Guide for Test Questions

Description of exams from the syllabus:
The exams will consist of 5 short answers worth 10% each and one essay
worth 50%. The short-answer questions will be over key points covered in
chapters and lectures. The essay will be a big picture question. Reviews
will take place prior to each exam. You will need one (1) blue book for
each exam.
Test #2 (chapters 6-10), Mon., Apr. 4, 2016
Chapter 6 questions to study:

What were the most important questions debated at the Constitutional

Convention?

Big versus small states (An equal number of representatives for each state.;
womens rights ignored; 3/5 compromise regarding slavery;

Native American tribes, like womens rights, were ignored;

Nothing about education or citizenship in the Constitution;

What were the main tenets of the Federalists and Anti-federalists arguments
in the ratification fight?

Strong central government= Opposed to a strong central government;

saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the
inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James
Monroe, and Patrick Henry.

Individual rights=Anti-Federalists (later known as Republicans)

Federalists Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic
tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill
of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry.

Ratification fight occurs from 1787 to 1789

Articles of Confederation were weak; There was only one vote per
state, regardless of its size. No national courts. No national army or
navy. national gov't didn't have power to tax. Revenue comes from
states. The national government could not force the states to
obey its laws.

Shays rebellion (1786) Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series

of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and
local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.

What were the origins of the first party system?

Federalists v. Republicans

Bank of the U.S. (BUS) (Hamilton) Hamilton proposed it to manage

debts and interest payments and issue bank notes (paper money) in
order to make a national currency to promote trade, investment, and
stimulate economic growth; opposed by Southerners because they
believed Northern merchants would one most stock; passed by
Congress under elastic clause

Manufacturing supported (Hamilton)

Chapter 7 questions to study:

How successful was Jeffersons effort to create a republican society

dominated by sturdy, independent farmers?

Evidence/examples of
success?
Louisiana Purchase
(land for farmers)
Interchangeable
parts help farmers
repair equipment
Medical advances
(longevity/health/
population growth)
Right of Deposit
in New Orleans
helped farmers

A mixture?

Evidence of failure?

Cotton gin
(increased slaves
while boosting the
economy)
Transportation (toll
roads)
Whiskey Rebellion
(farmers pay debts
of nation)
Steam boats
(market access)

How did the Napoleonic wars affect the United States?

France (Republicans) and Britain (Federalists)

Steam boats
Public schools aid
urban communities
more
Cultural aspirations
(literature, art,
music)
Colleges favored
the wealthy
Textile mills (child
labor is an ongoing
concern)

Economically, the wars do the greatest damage.

Embargo Act (1807-09); Macons Bill No. 10 (1810-12)

British impressment, British aid to American Indian tribes, and the

ongoing war between France and Britain causes new leaders in
Congress (War Hawks) to clamor for war.

What events and issues led to the War of 1812?

William Henry Harrison, Gov. of Indiana Territory, led the attack at the
Battle of Tippecanoe near Prophetstown.

Prophetstown, IND.: Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh (Shawnee) led an

Indian rebellion against the U.S.

Multiple American Indian tribes fought against the U.S. during the War
of 1812, including Creeks, Shawnees, Cherokees, Choctaws.

Chapter 8 questions to study:

How did the economic developments and territorial expansion of the era
affect American nationalism?

The War of 1812 forces American manufacturing to develop itself

independent of Britain and/or France, beginning the industrial
revolution.

A post-war economic boom is fed by land development in the West, the

fur trade, trade with an independent Mexico, a 2 nd B.U.S., and political
cooperation among Federalists and Republicans over policies like
internal improvements funding (National Road).

What was the era of good feelings, and why was it given that name?

A Boston newspaper editor coined this phrase to describe the

cooperative spirit among Republicans (James Monroe) and Federalists
(John Quincy Adams).

It reflects the postwar economic boom and national pride among

Americans who benefit from the economic boom.

Did the Panic of 1819 end the era of good feelings? Why or why not?
(please get with a classmate or two and come up with an answer)

1816-1824; Period in the US political history in which partisan bitterness

abated; took place during James Monroe's presidency. the period from 1817
to 1823 in which the disappearance of the federalists enabled the
Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.

How did the Marshall court seek to establish a strong national government?

The most common answer to this question is that John Marshall affirmed the right
of judicial review over Congressional legislation; however, the Chief Justice
contributed much more to the Judicial branch and the federal government, in
general. ohn Marshall, fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835), was
arguably the most influential person in the history of the judiciary. A brilliant jurist
with a genial personality, Marshall used both traits to position the Judiciary as a coequal branch of the US government and to prevent states from eroding federal
power after the Eleventh Amendment was ratified.
Chapter 9 questions to study:

How did the electorate expand during the Jacksonian era, and what were the
limits of that expansion?

Property no longer served as a requirement for voting.

Women, freedmen (ex-slaves), and American Indians still had limited to

no rights.

What events fed the growing tension between nationalism and states rights,
and what were the arguments on both sides?

Tariffs provide revenue to the federal government and supports

merchants in port cities of the east coast.

Tariff revenue is used to finance internal improvements (roads,

bridges).

Southerners (especially in South Carolina) oppose the tariff.

What was the Second Party System, and how did its emergence change
national politics?

The political conflict between Whigs and Democrats over national,

state, and local offices from the 1820s through the 1850s. The Whigs
replaced the Federalists and the Whigs will end up being replaced in
the 1850s by the Republicans (Northerners). National politics was
most heated over the Bank war, with advocates divided over soft and
hard monetary policies more than between the two political parties.
Whigs tended to support the B.U.S. the most.

Chapter 10 questions to study:

What were the factors in the U.S. economic revolution of the mid-nineteenth
century?

Population increase
o Immigration and urban growth
Improvement in transportation, communication, and technology
o Steamboats

o Railroads
o The telegraph
o The associated press

How did the U.S. population change between 1820 and 1840, and how did
that change affect economy, society, and politics?

The population was increasing rapidly; much of it was moving from the
countryside into the industrializing cities of the Northeast and Northwest; and
much of it was migrating westward. One reason for this substantial
population growth was improvements in public health. The number and
ferocity of epidemics slowly declined, as did the nations mortality rate as a
whole. The population increase was also a result of a high birth rate.
Immigration, choked off by wars in Europe and economic crises in America,
contributed little to the American population in the first three decades of the
nineteenth century, but rapidly revived beginning in the 1830s. The
population increase in addition to advances in technology, transportation,
and communications systems capable of sustaining commencer over a large
geographical area lead to the American industrial revolution.

Why did Americas industrial revolution affect the North differently than the
South?

They invested in railroads in the north unlike the south whose transportation
system was not as developed. The north had factories unlike the south, which was
still being ruled by agriculture. Within the South itself, the institution of slavery had
paradoxical results. On the one hand, it isolated blacks from whites, drawing a sharp
and inviolable racial line dividing one group of southerners from another. As a result,
African Americans under slavery began to develop a society and culture of their
own, on in many ways unrelated to the white civilization around them. On the hand,
slavery created a unique bond between blacks and whitesmaster and slavesin
the South. The two groups may have maintained separate spheres, but each sphere
was deeply influenced by, indeed dependent on, the other.