Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
in the Handling of
Combustible Wood Dusts
2002 - Present
20 Years as Process Safety Specialist
Independent Process Safety Consultant 2000 - 2002
FMC Corporation - 1974 2000
Process Engineering, Project Engineering,
Plant Operations, PSM on site and
Corporate PSM Engineer.
B.S.Ch.E.
The Pennsylvania State University
Member - AIChE, NFPA
3 - 2012 DEKRA
4 - 2012 DEKRA
5 - 2012 DEKRA
Oxidant
Suspension
Fuel
(Combustible Dust)
6 - 2012 DEKRA
Confinement
Ignition Source
(a)slow combustion
(fixed flame-front)
490 C
(914 F)
310 - 320 C
(590 - 608 F)
40 -60 g/m3
9.2 barg
(133 psig)
100 to 150
barm/sec
Moisture Content
Particle Size
Dust Explosion Class (some wood dust is St-2)
8 - 2012 DEKRA
Less than 5 %
less than 100
St-1
10 - 2012 DEKRA
Range of an Explosible
Dust Cloud Concentrations
Range of explosible dust concentrations in air at normal temperature and
atmospheric pressure for a typical natural organic dust (maize starch), compared
with typical range of maximum permissible dust concentrations in the context of
industrial hygiene, and a typical density of deposits of natural organic dusts
(Eckhoff)
Industrial Hygiene
Explosible Range
Dust Deposits
10-3
10-2
10-1
10
102
103
104
105
106
A cloud of 40g/m3 of coal dust in air is so dense that a glowing 25W light bulb
can hardly be seen through a dust cloud of 2m (~ 6.6 ft) thickness (Eckhoff)
2m (~ 6.6 ft)
25W
40g/m3 Coal Dust
(MEC concentration)
Glass
13 - 2012 DEKRA
Glass
Explosion Severity
Deflagration Pressure/Time Curve
Maximum Pressure, Pmax
[barg]
Pmax
Pressure
Peak Rate
of Rise
(dP/dt)max
14 - 2012 DEKRA
Maximum Rate of
pressure Rise, (dP/dt)max
[bar/s]
Deflagration Index, Kg or
KSt [bar m/s]
Note: 1 bar = 14.504 psi
Starting Pressure
Time
PRIMARY
EXPLOSION
BLAST WAVE
DUST LAYER
15 - 2012 DEKRA
16 - 2012 DEKRA
19 - 2012 DEKRA
General features of a
Local Exhaust Ventilation LEV System
Branch Line
Explosion
Relief Vent
Vent
Extraction Fan
Isolation
Valve
Hand Scooping
20 - 2012 DEKRA
Sifter
Cartridge Filter
Header
Hood
LEV in action
21 - 2012 DEKRA
22 - 2012 DEKRA
23 - 2012 DEKRA
24 - 2012 DEKRA
Housekeeping
25 - 2012 DEKRA
Housekeeping
26 - 2012 DEKRA
28 - 2012 DEKRA
30 - 2012 DEKRA
Origin
Potential
Energy
Incendivity
As high as 10J
E = C V2
Spark
Isolated
Conductors
Brush
Solid Insulator
Less Than
4 mJ
Cone (Bulk)
Bulking Powder
10 to 25 mJ
Propagating
Brush
Insulator with
metal backing
Less Than
2J
Corona
Conductor or
Insulator
Very Low
Less than
0.1 mJ
Unknown
(stoichiometric
hydrogen?)
32 - 2012 DEKRA
34 - 2012 DEKRA
Combustible powders
Combustible fibers
37 - 2012 DEKRA
41 - 2012 DEKRA
Summary:
Dry, wood dust is explosible
Manage the Flammable Atmosphere:
- Prevent releases of dust
- Contain as much as is feasible
- Use effective Local Exhaust Ventilation
Prevent dust deposits (housekeeping):
Do not exceed 3 mm (1/8th inch)
Use appropriate Class II vacuums and ESD hoses
Ensure bonding and grounding of collection components
42 - 2012 DEKRA
Summary:
Control ignition sources:
Manage hot work
Use appropriately rated electrical equipment,
Electrostatic Ignitions:
Ensure bonding and grounding of all conductive
components
Ground personnel if MIE of dust cloud is below 50 mJ.
Protect where appropriate:
Dust collection systems:
Contain, vent or suppress and isolate
43 - 2012 DEKRA
Questions?
44 - 2012 DEKRA
Thank you!
Primary Reference:
NFPA 664 - Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions
in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, 2007 Edition
46 - 2012 DEKRA
48 - 2012 DEKRA
49 - 2012 DEKRA
50 - 2012 DEKRA
51 - 2012 DEKRA
53 - 2012 DEKRA