A good and stable concrete

The introduction of admixtures

Retarding admixtures
The various effect of weather concitions in setting time of concrete
Past researches about retarders
Carbohydrates

In various countries when atmosphere is humid,

The hardening state of concrete depends on the
In setting time of concrete, the primary reaction of cement is to react from water to
undergo a hardened state.
A concrete made from aggregates, soil, water, and cement paste initially
commence in setting time. With the process of initial hardening, the primary
reaction of cement is to react from water to undergo a final compaction state.
Plasticity of concrete is relatable to those process of stiffening as it is required to be prolonged for proper placing
and finishing. However, due to climatic conditions , initial setting is accelerated . As a result, Premature setting
forms deflection cracks and cold joints in structural members(El Rayes,1987).
Retarding admixture plays an important role of slowing the setting rate and process of hydration of concrete.
Type B(ASTM C 494) additivesprovides an optimal plasticity that last for several hours(1). Starches, cellulose
products, sugars, acids or salts of acids are used conventionally and carbohydrate derivative such as rice flour is
used for this study.
Rice flour is produced from the extraction of rice grain husk and grounding. Apart from other flours, it contains 80
grams of total carbohydrate content(for 100g) and naturally gluten free(USDA 2015). Evidently, absorption of
carbohydrate on the surface of cement particles slows down the chemical breakdown of a compound(Neville A.M.
(1995).The use of rice flour is economical as it is locally produced for everydays consumption. This study is done as
an alternative approach for existing retarders and to seek various effects of rice flour to the physical and chemical
properties of concrete.
The advantage of research for

Reatarder Admixture is a chemical additive found to be essential to slow the setting

rate of concrete.
However, when setting is disturbed by climatic conditions(e.g.hot temperature)
placing and proper finishing is difficult and prolonged. The demand for chemical
additives is high as we seek for the desired characteristics of concrete to be

optimal. Retarding admixture is evidently used to delay the gradual hardening of

concrete. In addition, apart from glucose,borax, and certain acids, carbohydrates
Carbohydrate as _____ of rice flour exhibit retardation when reacts
Retarder admixtures extends concrete initial setting time for proper finishing
without cold joint in hot weather(ASTM C494).

Initial setting of concrete can only withstand a 32 C for only 2-2/3 hours( ACI
and trpical countries that has humid air is vulnerable of accelerating effects.

116R)

Rice flour, a carbohydrate enriched material, is an organic substitute apart from

glucose, sucrose and certain acids. Evidence shows
http://www.aboutcivil.org/concrete-technology-admixtures.html
http://www.aboutcivil.org/Properties-of-concrete-factors-affecting-them.html
http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/materials/Admixture/Lin
k-settime.htm
http://matse1.matse.illinois.edu/concrete/prin.html