Centre for the Study of Discrimination and Exclusion (CSDE)

School of Social Sciences

Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi

CORE COURSE 1:

Discrimination & Exclusion: Theoretical & Conceptual Frameworks

Unit 1 Introductory Lectures would cover the following: (YCR)

Discrimination meaning and major theories
Prejudice Vs Discrimination and Theories of Prejudice
Empirical studies on prejudice and discrimination
Concept of social exclusion; How these concepts developed in various western countries
and How these concepts can be applied to Indian social structure
5. Sites and structures of discrimination
6. How processes of Exclusion works in the institutional structures: In Education,
Employment, and civil society.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Suggested Reading:
Anrneson, Richard J., What is Wrongful Discrimination?, San Diego Law Review, vol. 43
(2006), pp.775-808.
Arneson, Richard J., Against Rawlsian Equality of Opportunity, Philosophical Studies, Vol 93,
(1999), pp.77-93.
Cohen, Stephen, Arguing About the Prejudice and Discrimination, Journal of Value Inquiry,
vol. 28, (1994), pp. 391-400.
Glasgow, Joshua, Racism as Disrespect, Ethics, Vol. 120, (2009), pp. 64-93.
Goldman, Alan, Justice and Reverse Discrimination, Princeton, PUP, 1979.
Mason, Andere, Leveling the Playing Field, OUP, (2006).

Unit -2 (RSB)
The first theme which would be taught by me would be titled Histories of the Oppressed:
Interpreting Paulo Freires Pedagogy of the Oppressed. In fact, the discussions on the
histories of the oppressed should begin with an intellectual recapitulation of the central ideas
of Freire and some other s which undoubtedly would unravel the tensions born in the so
called developing world that itself is a by product of colonized cultural existence. In other
words, it should be encouraging to locate the unseen ,insidious presence of colonialism in the
quotidian life of the developing world , though the direct colonial domination might have broken
down. The study of the Pedagogy of the Oppressed does envisage the possibilities of raising
questions on the real meanings of the periphery/marginalised and whether they reflect the
tenuous relationship of dominance and hegemony, as had been witnessed before in the
relations between the colonizer and the colonized.
Suggested Reading:
Paul
Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Trans. By
Myra Bergman Ramos With an
introduction by Donaldo Macado, Bloomsbury, 2014.
Javed Malick, Towards a theater of the Oppressed: The Dramaturgy of John Arden,
University of Michigan Press,1995.
Patsy J. Daniels, Voice of the Oppressed in the language of the Oppressor: A discussion of
Selected Post Colonial Literature from Ireland, Africa and America, Routledge,2001
Cultural Identity in an Age of Globalization
In what seemed to be an apparent exercise in banality, the opponents of globalization often
interpreted it as a diabolical process which had a negative impact in the cultural sphere. It was
asserted that globalization had been responsible for the destruction of cultural identities ,
because of its over arching zeal to promote an ambience of homogenized and westernised
consumer culture. As a result , radical voices in most parts of the developing world started to
look upon globalization as something of a metaphor for western cultural imperialism.
However, the impact of globalization on the cultural spaces is not exactly that what has been
meant to be many across the world. While, it is true that globalization has been solely to
blame behind the acts of erasure of cultural identities and pushing people to tacitly accept
the hegemony of the market driven consumer culture economy , the resilience to such
unifying moves is also at times couched in a language of cultural belonging. Indeed, while
globalization has symbolised the carnage of local cultures in the developing world, the
basic drive to homogenity has also been responsible for the emergence of expanding
cultural identities , which are opposed to the architecture of the hegemonic structure of a
single market ethos and the single ideal of global citizenship,defined by the ideas of the
corporate west.
Suggested Reading:
N Canclini Garcia, Hybrid Cultures ; Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity,
University of Minnesota Press, 1985.
D. Howes(ed.),Cross Cultural Consumption : Global Markets, Local Realities, Routledge,
1996.
J.Tomlinson, Cultural Imperialism; A Critical Introduction, Pinter,1991.

Unit 3 (BN) : Identity and Representations

This unit deals with theoretical and conceptual resources for understanding Identity and
Representations. It will reflect upon Western and Indian debates around proposed theme. The
unit consists 6 lectures in monsoon semester.
1.Identity: Western and Indian debates
2.Grass root wisdom and sense of identity
3.Identities ,Representations and politics of redistribution
4.Democracy and Invisibilities

Essential Readings:
1. Fraser,Nancy:(1996)Social Justice in the age of Identity politics, The Tanner Lectures on
Human Values,Stanford university,www.tannerlectres.utah.edu/documents/a-to-Z?f/fraser98
pdf
2. Habermas,Jurgen (1993):Justice and Solidarity, in Milton Fisk ed.Key Concepts in Critical
Theory,Humanity Press,New Jersey
3. Dwivedi,Hazari Prasad (2008)Kabir,RajkamalPrakashan,New Delhi
4. Chakrabarty, Dipesh,(2000)Provincializing Europe :postcolonial thought and historical
difference ,Princeton university press,Princeton
5. Kothari,Rajani(2003),Social

Exclusion:Historical,Institutional

and

Ideological

Dimension,inA.K.Lal,ed.Social Exclusion,Concept pub.,New Delhi

Unit 4 (RN): Debating process of Social Inclusion

1. Affirmation action debate

2. Stigma related to religion and caste
3. Constitutional provisions and Numerical minorities
4. Nation-State and its relation with Minority

Readings:
Robert E. Park: Human Migration and the Marginal Man, American Journal of Sociology, vol.33, No.6
(May, 1928), pp.881-893
Allman, D. (2013). The sociology of social inclusion, SAGE
Anderson, Benedict (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of
Nationalism. London, UK: Verso.
Identifying the disadvantaged : The Indian Dilemma, in Affirmative Action by Daniel Sabbagh, OUP,
2012
Dharma Kumar (1992):Affirmative action Debate in India, Asian Survey, pp.290-302 vol 32, no.3
Hasan Zoya (2011) Politics of Inclusion: Castes, Minorities and Affirmative Action, Oxford University
Press.
Stuber, J., Meyer, I., & Link, B. (2008). Stigma, prejudice, discrimination and health. Social Science &
Medicine, 67, 351-357.
Sinha, S. (1962). State formation and Rajput myth in tribal central India. Man in India, 42, 35-80.
Goffman, E. (1963): Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice
Hall.
Goffman, E. (1967) Interaction ritual:Essays on face to face behaviour. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Connor, Walker (1978) "A Nation is a Nation, is a State, is an Ethnic Group is a...," Ethnic and Racial
Studies, Vol. 1, No. 4 (October): 377-397.

Unit 5 (KB): Processes of Social Exclusion & Interlocked Inequalities

This unit will help to theoretically locate the concepts of social exclusion and interlocked
inequalities. The processes of exclusion and the production of inequalities will be covered in a
set of 8 lectures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The economics of social exclusion a comparative perspective

Group Inequality and capitalism
State and Invisibilisation
Intersectional marginalities andeconomic development
Race, Caste and Social Inclusion policies
Capitalist Growth& Hegemony

Essential Readings: (Supplementary readings will be indicated during the lectures)

1. Silver, H., (1994) Social Exclusion and Social Solidarity: Three Paradigms, International
Labour Review, Volume 133, Numbers 5-6, pp531-578
2. Sen, A. (2000) Social Exclusion: Concept, Application and Scrutiny in Social Development
Papers No. 1, Office of the Environment and Social Development, Asian Development Bank
(June)
3. Saith, R., (2001) Social Exclusion: The Concept and Application to Developing Countries,
Working Paper No. 72,QEH Working Paper Series, Oxford
4. Mayra Buvinic, Jacqueline Mazza& R. Deutsch (eds.) (2005), Introduction in Social
Inclusion and Economic Development in Latin America, Inter-American Development
5. Kabeer, N., (2000), Social Exclusion, Poverty and Discrimination: Towards an Analytical
Framework, IDS Bulletin, 31(4), Institute of Development Studies, Brighton
6. Tilly, C., (1998), Modes of Exploitation in Durable Inequality, University of California
Press
7. Mosse, D., (2007), Power and the Durability of Poverty: A Critical Exploration of the Links
between Culture, Marginality and Chronic Poverty, Chronic Poverty Research Centre,
London
8. de Haan, A., (2011), 'Rescuing Exclusion from the Poverty Debate: Group Disparities and
Social Transformation in India', Working Paper No. 517, IISS, The Hague
9. Deshpande, A. (2011), Introduction The Grammar of Caste: Economic Discrimination in
Contemporary India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.