KINEMATICS LESSON 4 PART 1 FREE FALL COMPLEX PROBLEMS Recall, in the past, - and + signs for values denote direction. 1. What direction and sign is acceleration of gravity? 2. Ifa object is moving upward against the acceleration of gravity, what is the sign of its velocity? These signs are very important in equations and must be obeyed or you will get the wrong answer. Also recall, that the ground is considered point 0 or zero in distance calculations. EXAMPLE 1: If we throw a ball into the air at 30 m/s, how long before it comes to rest and begins to free fall back to earth? (Use acceleration = 1 m/s’ for rough calculation) what: rsiiats. max fer el +i before Paling back to earth? ¥ bed {eon e sel \ ' \ 9 cs) 3S = = 3 eC we roa eee ee ee ——_Find: Given: a=-10 m/s” vr=0 vi = 30 m/s t=? v, =v, +adt 0=30+-10(t) =3.0 seconds )EXAMPLE 2: An object is thrown downwards, leaving the person's hand at 5.0 m/s. What \ is the speed of the object after 5.0 s? Given: Find: a=-9.8 m/s” t=5.0s vi =-5.0 m/s | 4 Fit, find the distance that the object travels in 5.0 s: \ SO 5.0mlg Ad = vit + 0.5*a"t? - di = (-5.0m/s)*(5.0 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s*)*(5.0 8)? d;= 0, and dr is 0 because it is ground level, all other values of d are positive. 25 m- 122.5m d;= 147.5m > 150m Second, find the final velocity of the object vi =v? + 2*a*(dy— di) ve= (-5.0 m/s) + 2*(-9.8 m/s*)*(0m - 147.5 m) ve = 25 m’/s* + 2891 m’/s*A 2916 m?/s? = ve" vr=54 m/s downward Another (easier) way to solve for vris using the equation v, = v, + at v, =v, taht Ve=-5.0 m/s + -9.8m/s? (5.0 s) 54 m/s = 54 m/s downward v= Example 3: A kangaroo is capable of jumping to a height of 2.62 m, Determine the takeoff speed of the kangaroo. Given: a=-9.8 m/s” ve= 0 m/s d=2.62m Find: y= 2? 24 2¥a*(de— di) (0 m/s) = v? + 2*(-9.8 m/s*)*(2.62 m— 0 m) - 51.35 m/s? 91.35 m/s* = vi=7.17 misExample 4: If Michael Jordan has a vertical leap of 1.29 m, then what is his takeoff speed and his hang time (total time to move upwards to the peak and then return to the ground)? Given: a=-9.8 m/s’ ve= 0 m/s d=1.29m Find: y= 22,t= 2? v? =v? + 2*a*(d;— di) (0 mis)? = v2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s?)*(1.29 m — 0m) 0 m’/s* = vi - 25.28 m’/s? 25.28 m’/s* v= 5.03 m/s, downwards To find hang time, find the time to the peak and then double it. ve=vitatt 0 m/s = 5.03 m/s + (-9.8 m/s”)*tup -5.03 m/s = (-9.8 m/s”)*tyy (-5.03 m/s)/(-9.8 m/s”) = typ tup = 0.513 s hang time = 1.03 sHOMEWORK KINEMATICS LESSON 4 PART 1 1. How long will it take for a falling object to reach 108 mis if its initial velocity is 10.0 mis? 2. You throw a ball downward from a window at a speed of 2.0 m/s. The ball accelerates at 9.8 m/s’, How fast is it moving when it hits the sidewalk 2.5 m below? 3. At the beginning of a basketball game, a referee tosses the ball straight up with a speed of 4.6 m/s. A player cannot touch the ball until after it reaches its max height and begins to fall down. What is the minimum time that a player must wait before touching the ball. 4. How high will an arrow be 7.0 seconds after being shot straight up at 50.0 m/s? 5. A ball is thrown up into the air at 15 m/s and returns to the throwers hand 3.06 seconds later. What is the velocity of the ball when it is caught? What do you notice about the answer? What conclusions can you draw from this answer? 6. A cat is capable of jumping to a height of 2.20 m, Determine the takeoff speed of the cat. 7, With what speed in miles/br (1 m/s = 2.23 mi/hr) must an object be thrown to reach a height of 91.5 m (equivalent to one football field)? Assume negligible air resistance. 8. A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s. How long is the ball in the air? 9. A baseball is popped straight up into the air and has a hang-time of 6.25 s. Determine the height to which the ball rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint: the time to rise to the peak is one-half the total hang-time.) 10. Ifyou fire a cannonball straight upwards with a starting speed of 40.0 m/s, How high does it go, and how long will it be in the air? 11. A ball is thrown straight upward and rises to a maximum height of 24 m above its Taunch point. At what height above its launch point has the speed of the ball decreased to one-half of its initial value? 12. A ball is dropped from a roof to the ground 8.0 m below. A rock is thrown down from the roof 0.600 s later. If they both hit the ground at the same time, what was the initial speed of the rock? 13. A ball thrown vertically upward is caught by the thrower after 5.00 s. (a) Find the initial velocity of the ball. (b) Find the maximum height it reaches. 2 aHomework Key Answer: 10.0 seconds Answer: 7.3 m/s downward Answer: t= 0.47 seconds Answer: 110 m Answer: 15 m/s downward Answer: 56 m/s Answer: 2.3 m/s, vi = 94.4 mifhr Answer: 4.08 s ). Answer: d= 47.9 m 10. Answer: d= 81.6m, 8.16 s 11. Answer: d= 18m 12. Answer: 8.5 m/s downward 13. Answer: 24.5 m/s, 30.6 m 3020 HOMEWORK KINEMATICS LESSON 4 PART 1 1. How long will it take for a falling object to reach 108 m/s if its initial velocity is 10.0 mis? Answer: 10.0 seconds Given: Find: a=-9.8 mis? v= -108 m/s vi=-10.0 m/s yy = 0, Fat -108 = -10.0+ -9.8t = 10.08 2. You throw a ball downward from a window at a speed of 2.0 m/s. The ball accelerates at 9.8 m/s”, How fast is it moving when it hits the sidewalk 2.5 m below? Answer: 7.3 m/s downward Given: Find: viz -2.0 mis wen =v,’ +2add, where Ad =, v? = (-2.0)° + 2(-9.8)(0 - 2.5) vPa4449 v= 7.3 mis downward3. At the beginning of a basketball game, a referee tosses the ball straight up with a speed of 4.6 mvs. A player cannot touch the ball until after it reaches its max height and begins to fall down, What is the minimum time that a player must wait before touching the ball. Answer: t= 0.47 seconds Given: Find: a=-9.8 mis? w=0 vi= 4.6 mis t=7 vy =v, tadt .6 + (-9.8)t t= 0.47 seconds 4, How high will an arrow be 7.0 seconds after being shot straight up at 50.0 m/s? Answer: 110m Given: Find: a=-9.8 m/s 0s vi= 50.0 mis, d= 0 dr= 2? Ad= vit +0.5*att de- dj = (50.0m/s)*(7.0 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s?)*(7.0 s)? p= 350~240.1 r= 109.9= 110m 5. A ball is thrown up into the air at 15 m/s and retums to the throwers hand 3.06 seconds later. What is the velocity of the ball when it is caught? What do you notice about the answer? What conclusions can you draw from this answer? Answer: 15 m/s downward Given: Find: a=-9.8 mis? t= 3.065 vi= 15 m/s w=?> P ve= 15 + (9.83.06) yp=-15 mls or 15 m/s downward Note the symmetry: The speed at any height is the same when going up as coming down (but the direction is opposite) 6. Acat is capable of jumping to a height of 2.20 m. Determine the takeoff speed of the cat. Answer: vi= 6.56 m/s Find: vr=O m/s dp= 2.62 m ven vP=ve+2atAd (0 m/s)" = v? + 2*(-9.8 m/s*)*(2.2 m- 0) 0 m/s? = v? ~ 43.12 m/s? 43.12 mis? = vi= 6.56 mis 7. With what speed in miles/hr (1 m/s = 2.23 mi/hr) must an object be thrown to reach a height of 91.5 m (equivalent to one football field)? Assume negligible air resistance. Answer: v= 42.3 m/s, vj = 94.4 mi/hr Given: Find: ” 9.8 m/s" vr=0 mis d=915m vi First, find speed in units of m/s: | (0 m/s)’ = v7 + 24(-9.8 mis*)*(91.5 m)We) 0 m*/s? = vi? - 1793 m*/s? 1793 m?/s* = v? vi = 42.3 mis Now convert from m/s to mi/hr: ‘yi = 42.3 mis * (2.23 mi/hr)/(1 m/s) y= 94.4 mi/hr 8. A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s. How long is the ball in the air? Answer: 4.08 s Given: Find: 9.8 m/s” v= 20.0 m/s vr=0 ‘The time it takes of the ball to be thrown up and reach 0 velocity is half the time itis in the air, therefore we just have to double that time. +adt We 0= 20.0 + (-9.8)(t) .04 s ‘The time the ball is in the air is 2 x 2.0408 = 4.08 s 9. A baseball is popped straight up into the air and has a hang-time of 6.25 s. Determine the height to which the ball rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint: the time to rise to the peak is one-half the total hang-time.) Answer: d= 47.9 m Given: Find: a=-9.8 mis? vr= 0 m/s t=3.138 d=”(NOTE: the time required to move to the peak of the trajectory is one-half the ( total hang time.) First use: vr= vj tat O m/s = vj + (9.8 mis*)*(3.13 s) 0 m/s = vj - 30.6 m/s Now use: v? (0 m/s)? = (30.6 m/s)? + 2*(-9.8 mis)*(dr- di) 0 m/s? = (938 m/s) + (-19.6 m/s*)*(dy— 0) -938 m/s = (-19.6 mis’)*dy (-938 m/s)/(-19.6 m/s) = de d=47.9 m. 10. Ifyou fire a cannonball straight upwards with a starting speed of 40.0 m/s. How high does it go, and how long will it be in the air? Answer: d= 81.6m, 8.16 s ve =v? +2#a%Ad (0 m/s)? = (40.0m/s)? + 2*(-9.8 m/s*)*(de- di) 0 m’/s? = (1600 mis) + (-19.6 m/s*)*(dy— 0) -1600 mis = (-19.6 m/s")*de (1600 m/s)/(-19.6 m/s?) = dr d=81.6m vy =v, +adt 0 = 40.0 + (-9.8)()~ H t .08 s Since this is the time for it to reach its max height we must double it to find the total time up and down to its original position. Total hang time = 8.16 s 11. A ball is thrown straight upward and rises to a maximum height of 24 m above its launch point. At what height above its launch point has the speed of the ball decreased to one-half of its initial value? Answer: d= 18m First, find the initial velocity using the information that the ball reaches a maximum, height of 24 m before coming down, these means that the vr=0 at 24m. We also know that the acceleration is ~9.8 m/s” vay? +2aAd y O= vi? +2(-9.8 m/s’(24 - 0) v?=470.4 21.6887 m/s upward ‘Now that we know the initial velocity and the final velocity is half the intial velocity, v= 10.8443, we can find the height the ball reaches when its initial velocity is decreased to one-half of its initial value. +2ahd vp ay, (10.8443 m/s)? = (21.6887 m/s)’ + 2(-9.8 m/s")(dr- 0) d=18m12. A ball is dropped from a roof to the ground 8.0 m below. A rock is thrown down : from the roof 0.600 s later. If they both hit the ground at the same time, what was the initial speed of the rock? Answer: 8.5 m/s downward We need time to find speed. Since we have more information about the ball we start off solving for time for the ball. Now we can see we need a relationship between d, a, v; to find vrand then t: * + 2abd Ys vi = (0 m/s)? + 2(-9.8 m/s”)(0- 8.0) vp= 12.5219 downward Now to find time for ball to fall to ground ve=vitatt -12.5219 = 0 (-9.8)() 2777s ‘The time of travel for the rock is 0.600 s less than for the ball therefore 1.2777 ~ 0.6 = 0.6777 seconds. Now our table looks like this: Oo hafd 8.0m [down] [8.0 m (down) _ | fe P8ms"[down] (98m (down) | w fl | ke ——F ft [128s - (067775 | For the rock we need a relationship between d, a, vi, and t de- dj= vit + (0.5)at” .0 = vi(0.6777 8) + (0.5)(-9.8 m/s2)(0.68 s)* vi =-8.5 m/s or 8.5 m/s downward, the rock was thrown. A ball thrown vertically upward is caught by the thrower after 5.00 s. (a) Find the 1 velocity of the ball. (b) Find the maximum height it reaches. Answer: 24.5 m/s, 30.6 m @ ‘The time for the ball to be thrown up and reach a zero velocity is half the 5.00 seconds, 1=2.5 seconds vy =v, tat O= vi + (-9.8)2.5) v= 24.5 m/s up OR Ad=vitt+0.5*att? dy- dj = (vi)*(5.0 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s’)*(5.0 8)" 0-0 = v(5.0) + 122.5vi= 24.5 m/s up (b) Ad=vi"t + 0.5%a"t? dy—0 = (24.5)(2.5) + 0.5(-9.8)(2.5)" p= 61.25 + 30.625 r= 30.6 m g