ENVS402 Environmental Impact Assessment

Chapter 6: Executing the EIA Process

1.
2
2.
3.
4
4.
5.
1

Alternative Analysis
T
Types
off Impacts
I
Methods of identifying impacts
Impact prediction techniques
Impact evaluation
9/16/2011
ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

Alternative Analysis
Analysiscarriedoutonthebasisofvariousbiophysical
Analysis
carried out on the basis of various biophysical
andsocioeconomicparametersincluding:
1. technicalfeasibility,
2. economicviabilityand
3. environmentalacceptabilityoftheproject.
Thisanalysisprovidesinformationabouttheadvantages
anddisadvantagesofeachalternativeconsidered.
It can be done during the scoping process or report
Itcanbedoneduringthescopingprocessorreport
preparation.

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

Types of Alternatives
Twotypesofalternativesaretaken:
1.Donothingornoactionorstatusquoalternative

Nochangeinthesocioeconomicconditionsortheservicesto
thesociety,andinsomeareaenvironmentaldegradationwill
y,
g
continue.
2.Implementationoftheproject(withmultiplealternatives)
2.
Implementation of the project (with multiple alternatives)

Favorsimplementationoftheprojectbyconsidering
alternativesintermsofsiteselection,designandoperational
methods, project scale and timing of the project.
methods,projectscaleandtimingoftheproject.

Exampleofthealternativestobeconsideredcanbealternative
accessroads,reducingvehicularemissionortraffic,reductionin
surface run off etc
surfacerunoffetc
3

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

Alternative Analysis
ConsideringAlternatives

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

Alternative Analysis legal Provisions

Section4ofEPR1997requirestheproponenttoconsider
the following aspects as alternatives in an EIA study
thefollowingaspectsasalternativesinanEIAstudy
Design,Projectsite,
Technology,operationalprocedure,timescheduleand
rawmaterials
Environmentalmanagementsystems
Acceptanceoftherisks
p
Othermatters
Magnitude,extentanddurationoftheimpactsshouldbe
considered for comparison of alternatives
consideredforcomparisonofalternatives
Theseimpactscanbeevaluatedquantitatively,
qualitativelyorbyusingranking,ratingorscalingapproach
5

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

Methods of Alternative Analysis

1. Unranked Paired Comparison Technique Simple Technique
Unranked Paired Comparison Technique
Suppose there are four decisive factors in the plan such as;
F1 = Relating to the degree of achieving overall objective;
F2 = Relating to the economic efficiency;
F3 = Relating
g to the social concerns;
F4 = Relating to the environmental concerns; and
F5 = Dummy factor

Decision
Factors

Assignments of Weights

Sum

FIC

F1

0.4

F2

0.2

F3

0.1

F4

0.3

F5

0.00

Total

10

1.00

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

Methods of Alternative Analysis

1. Unranked Paired Comparison Technique Complex Situation

F1 has three scenarios (A1 , A2

A2, A3); F2 has three scenarios
F3 has three alternatives; F4 has three alternatives
Decision
F t
Factors
A1

A2

F1

Achieve greatest degree of

f lf ll
fulfillment
off needs
d andd
objectives

Achieve least degree Achieve medium

off needs
d andd
d
degree
off meeting
objectives
needs and objectives

F2

Medium economic
efficiency

Low economic
efficiency

High economic
efficiency

F3

Undesirable social impacts

expected

No social impacts
expected

Beneficial social
impacts expected

Decrease overallll
D
environmental
quality by 10%

Decrease overallll
D
environmental
quality by 10%9/16/2011

F4
7

Alternative Proposals

ENVS402 EIA

Decrease overallll
D
environmental quality by
by
Dr. Subodh Sharma
20%

A3

Methods of Alternative Analysis

Scaling/Rating
g
g /Ranking
g of Alternatives Relative to F1,, F2,, F3 and F4
Alternatives
F1

Sum

ACC

Alternatives
F2

0 50
0.50

A1

1 0

0.17

A2

1 2

0.33

A3

0 0 0

0.00

A4(dummy)

1.00

Grand Total

Sum

ACC

Alternatives
F4

0.17 A1

0 0

0.33 A2

1 3

0.50 A3

Assignments of
Desirability

A1

1 1

A2

A3

1
0 1

A4(dummy)

1
0

Grand Total
Alternatives
F3

Assignments of
Desirability

A1

0 0

A2

A3

0 1
1

A4(d
A4(dummy)
)
Grand Total
ENVS402 EIA
8

1
1

0 0 0 0

0 00 A4(dummy)
0.00
A4(d
)

1.00 Grand Total

by Dr. Subodh Sharma

Sum

ACC

0 33
0.33

0.17

1 3

0.50

0.00

1.00

Sum

ACC

0.17

0.33

1 3

0.50

0 0 0

0 00
0.00

1.00

Assignments of
Desirability
1
0 1
1

1
0

Assignments of
Desirability
1
0 1
1

1
0

9/16/2011

Alternative Analysis
FIC (Factor
(F t Important
I
t t Coefficient)
C ffi i t) and
d
ACC (Alternative Choice Coefficient) values for Decision problems
Decisi
on
Factor

FIC
Value

ACC values of alternatives

A1

A2

A3

F1

0.40

0.50

0.17

0.33

F2

0.20

0.33

0.17

0.50

F3

0.10

0.17

0.33

0.50

F4

0.30

0.17

0.33

0.50

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

Decision
Factor

ACC values of alternatives

A1

A2

A3

F1

0 200
0.200

0 068
0.068

0 132
0.132

F2

0.066

0.034

0.100

F3

0.017

0.033

0.050

F4

0.051

0.099

0.150

0.334

0.234

0.432
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2. Impact Ranking and Alternative Comparison

10

MelamchiRiverintakecapacity=1ocumec
Melamchi
River intake capacity = 1o cumec
Sedimentationtank
27kmlongtunnelwithadiameterof2.5m

TreatmentplantatSundarijal
p
j
Balancingreservoirof5mcumec
Diversioncanal
Accessroadof60kmlength

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

2. Impact Ranking and Alternative Comparison

11

RoshiKhola Located20kmeastofKathmandu
One116mhighdamtoprovidestorageof58millioncumec
Pressuretunnel150minlength
Storagereservoirwithcapacity3.3millioncumecwithinthevalley
Watertreatmentplant
Accessroadof5.5kminlength
d f
k
l
h
3,000personworkforce
Resettlementof310600households

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011

2. Impact Ranking and Alternative Comparison

The Ranking method follows the National EIA Guidelines of Nepal
An example
p is from Melamchi Water Supply
pp y Scheme
Issues

Water Supply Scheme

Melamchi

Mod Melamchi

Lower Roshi Khola

R d d ddownstream
Reduced
t
water
t supply
l

10

Reduced downstream water quality

10

Increased downstream sediment transport

10

Increased downstream scouring

10

Deteriorating reservoir water quality

18

36

54

Increased
c ease erosion
e os o in general
ge e a due
ue to
project

40

40

200

Total

73

91

114

Melamchi scheme was the most feasible with score 73

12

ENVS402 EIA by Dr. Subodh Sharma

9/16/2011