LTE Deployment

Implementation Issues

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media

Deployment Benefits of LTE

Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements

Cost per Megabit

3% of the cost of EDGE, 20% of the cost of 3G (STC)

Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets
Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators
Urban Area payback 6-7 years for green-field operators

Cost reduction more important than performance increases, initially

(Adrian Scrase, 3GPP)

LTE Self Organising Network

50% less CAPEX, 30% less OPEX (Huawei ME)

HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits

HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Du)

Race for LTE less urgent

WiMAX market position is clearer

Evolution Paths to LTE

Source; Informa Telecoms and Media

3

LTE Deployment Strategies

LTE Deployment Timelines

LTSI LTE/SAE Trial Initiative

SAE Service Architecture Evolution
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

Possible LTE Frequency Bands

880-960
MHz
GSM
Foreseeable
Future

450 470
MHz
Limited
Availability

DECT

TV
TV

UMTS
GSM

GSM

300

2500-2690
MHz
Most Likely
Deployments

2110-2200
MHz
Remains UMTS
HSPA

500

900

1500

1800

WiMAX
WiFi

2500

3000

MHz

MHz

790 - 862
MHz
Available
2 -3 Years

4000

1710-2025
2300 2400
MHz
MHz
Good Potential
Limited
Equipment ?
Availability

3400 3600
MHz
Not Suitable for
LTE

These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands
Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies
These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed

Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands

Frequency

Advantage

Disadvantage

Comment

Lower
Frequencies
400 900MHz

-Good propagation
-Good in-building
coverage
-large cells possible
-may be cheaper to
deploy

-Problems with
interference,
-possible lower
capacity
-Antennas are large

Sometimes called
the Digital Dividend,
many TV services
are still using this
band

Higher
Frequencies
1Ghz 4GHz

-Higher capacity
designs possible
-Smaller Antennas

-worse propagation
-building penetration
very high
-may result in high
cost networks

2.5GHz may still be

used to build mobile
systems, but more
difficult, 3.5GHz the
problems increase

Lower frequency
Bigger Radio Cell
Lower Capacity
1GHz 4GHz

400MHz 900MHz

Higher frequency
Smaller Radio Cell
Higher Capacity
7

Example London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz

Example London LTE Cell at 900 MHz

Spectrum Shaping

10

Bandwidth Concepts

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Active Resource Blocks

Channel edge

Resource block

Channel edge

Transmission
Bandwidth [RB]

Center subcarrier (corresponds to DC in

baseband) is not transmitted in downlink

11

Bandwidth Configuration

Anritsu

12

Bands &
Channel
Bandwidths

Anritsu

13

OFCOM - Interference With Digital TV

Coexistence of new services in the 800 MHz band with digital

terrestrial television - Published 2 June 2011

Out of 16,300,000 Households, 110,000 likely to be affected by

Interference

The measures that are likely to be necessary include:

14

Filters for DTT consumer equipment

Filters for mobile base stations
Changes to aerials including reorientation and cross polarisation
Platform changes
Mobile base station power

We propose that the costs of creating this body and the work that it
carries out should be borne predominantly by the new licensees of
the 800 MHz spectrum.

Cost of Interference Mitigation for Digital

Dividend Band in UK

After DTT receiver (around 1.1 to 1.3 Million) and base station transmit filtering have
been used, up to 30,000 households may experience interference to DTT systems.

Of these, most will need a platform change in order to continue to receive digital TV.

We expect that a significant majority of households will be able to obtain access to

either satellite or cable services, but a limited number (probably less than 1,000
households) may need to have TV services restored in a bespoke manner.

15

Conformance Specifications

TS 36:104
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
Establishes the minimum RF characteristics and minimum
performance requirements of E-UTRA Base Station (BS) see
the references (section 2)

16

TS 36:141
Base Station Conformance Test

TS 36:521
UE Conformance Specification Radio Tx & Rx

List of Regional Requirements - TS 36:104

Clause
number

Requirement

Comments

5.5

Operating bands

Some bands may be applied regionally.

5.6

Channel bandwidth

Some channel bandwidths may be applied regionally.

5.7

Channel arrangement

The requirement is applied according to what operating bands in clause 5.5 that are
supported by the BS.

6.2

Base station maximum output power In certain regions, the minimum requirement for normal conditions may apply also for
some conditions outside the range of conditions defined as normal.

6.2.2

Additional requirement (regional)

6.6.3.1

Operating band unwanted emissions This requirement is mandatory for regions where Category A limits for spurious
(Category A)
emissions, as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329 [2] apply.

6.6.3.2

Operating band unwanted emissions This requirement is mandatory for regions where Category B limits for spurious
(Category B)
emissions, as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329 [2], apply.

6.6.3.3

Additional requirements

These requirements may apply in certain regions as additional Operating band

unwanted emission limits.

6.6.4.1.1

Spurious emissions (Category A)

This requirement is mandatory for regions where Category A limits for spurious
emissions, as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329 [2] apply.

6.6.4.1.2

Spurious emissions (Category B)

This requirement is mandatory for regions where Category B limits for spurious
emissions, as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329 [2], apply.

6.6.4.3

Additional spurious emission

requirements

These requirements may be applied for the protection of system operating in

frequency ranges other than the E-UTRA BS operating band.

6.6.4.4

Co-location with other base stations

These requirements may be applied for the protection of other BS receivers when a
BS operating in another frequency band is co-located with an E-UTRA BS.

7.6.2

Co-location with other base stations

These requirements may be applied for the protection of the BS receiver when a BS
operating in another frequency band is co-located with an E-UTRA BS.

For Band 34 operation in certain regions, the rated output power declared by the
manufacturer shall be less than or equal to the values specified in Table 6.2.2-1.

17

Interference in Digital Dividend Band

Research

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media

LTE & Digital Dividend Band

Extract from:
Cobham Technical Services
ERA Technology Report 2010-0026 (Issue 2)
For OFCOM UK
19