MOBILE PHONE RADIATION

INTRODUCTION
Cellular and Mobile Communication is invented in the early 1980s and has started to be widely utilized
in the 21 century all over the world. Because of the augmenting number of mobile phone users, the
number of base stations which enable mobile phones to connect to other mobile phones are to be
increased so as to provide a good communication channel. Thus, base stations are to be go up nearer
to each other.
With the increase in the number of users of cellular mobile communication, number of cell towers
being installed is increasing every day. In India, at present there are about 5.5 lakh cell phone towers.
It is estimated that to meet the communication demand, the number may increase to 10 lakhs by
2020. The cell tower transmits in the frequency range of 840-894 MHZ (CDMA), 935 960 MHZ
(GSM900) and 1805-1880 MHZ (GSM1800). In addition, 3G and Wi-Fi have been deployed in more
cities, urban and sub-urban areas, whose tower transmits in the frequency range 2110-2170 MHZ.
Majority of these towers are mounted near the residential and office buildings to provide good mobile
network coverage to the users. Figure 1.1 shows the different RF sources.
A Cellular network and its carrying power are designed in such a manner that it extends a length of at
least a few have enough signals for proper communication. A building situated at tens of meters from
the networks will receive more than ten thousand times stronger signals than required for mobile
communication. Continuous receiving of these signals may take a chance to effect health. In areas like
Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Delhi, Tirupathi, Vigaz etc., millions of people are residing within
these high radiation zones even now.
Moreover, the widespread use of 3G cellular networks needs new and additional base stations than 2G
cellular networks system. Thus, base stations can be seen in every region where we live and
electromagnetic waves always exposes us everywhere in modern society. Although some people are
against this it must be accepted that telecommunications are vital in todays world. In most countries,
possible detrimental effects of radiation from mobile phones and base stations worried the public due
to extreme usage of them.
Additionally, it is considered that they have more risk, especially for children. Frequency of
electromagnetic fields used for telecommunications is in the non-ionizing radiation part of the
electromagnetic spectrum. When the full capacity of a base station is reached, that is when the
number of calls over the base station is maximized; the radiation of it is to be maximized. Most cell
towers are mounted near residential and office buildings to provide good mobile phone signal coverage
to the users. Power density varies according to the distance from the tower. People living at a distance
of tens of meters to a few hundreds of meters from these towers are experiencing several health
problems.

ANALYSIS OF DATA
Cellular tower radiation analysis can be classified into three categories:
1.

Theoretical analysis of cell tower radiation

2.

Software simulation

3.

Field measurement

Theoretical analysis of cell tower radiation

The cell tower radiation is electromagnetic field region concept. The properties of EM Fields need to be
taken into consideration for their measurement and evaluation. The theoretical analysis of both the
electric and magnetic components may be necessary in the non-radiating near field region.
For numerical prediction the far-field model usually leads to an over estimation of the field if applied in
near field regions. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the boundaries of each field region before
starting a compliance procedure.
Software Simulation
For more complex scattering environments as envisaged in a shared cellular networks site having
multiple towers or multiple antennas mounted on a single tower or multiple antennas on a roof

top in urban area that involve reflections from building, fluctuations in earth elevations, etc. numerical ray-tracing
point source algorithms are recommended. It would require detailed electromagnetic mapping of the area around
the base station using appropriate software based on ray tracing point source method.
1.7.3 Field Measurement Approach
This technique is capable of measuring the radiated power of a base station, operating at a particular frequency
with given transmitted power, in its vicinity using a monitoring a device.
1.8 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION
This research work focus on the design and implementation of a system to monitor electromagnetic radiation. The
work has been carried out in three stages:
In the first stage, the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic radiation is carried out. Radiated power is computed
from different RF sources at a particular distance. From the computed radiation power level, one can identify the
hazardous level of radiation and the radius of the zone affecting with severe radiation. Which is exceeding radiated
power are computed for variable distances from the different RF sources. These computed power levels helps to
identify the hazardous levels.
In the second stage, this thesis work, aims for the design and implementation of Advance Embedded
Electromagnetic Radiation Monitoring System (AEERMS). Printed elliptical planar monopole patch antenna, which is
the significant component of the AEERMS has been fabricated and tested successfully. The experimental and
simulation results show that both the theoretical and practical values are nearly equal. The antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 68% for VSWR < 2 and it exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern. The designed
antenna performance is evaluated by testing it at DLRL (Defense research laboratories), Hyderabad.
In the Final stage, the advanced embedded electromagnetic radiation monitoring system is designed by integrating
the components RF2052, Si4363, ARM controller, CP2012, a display section, GSM module along with the fabricated
microstrip antenna. The designed AEERMS performance is validated using BSNL drive test at Tirupati.

that telecommunications are vital in todays world. In most countries, possible detrimental effects of
radiation from mobile phones and base stations worried the public due to extreme usage of them.
Additionally, it is considered that they have more risk, especially for children. Frequency of
electromagnetic fields used for telecommunications is in the non-ionizing radiation part of the
electromagnetic spectrum. When the full capacity of a base station is reached, that is when the number
of calls over the base station is maximized; the radiation of it is to be maximized. Most cell towers are
mounted near residential and office buildings to provide good mobile phone signal coverage to the
users. Power density varies according to the distance from the tower. People living at a distance of
tens of meters to a few hundreds of meters from these towers are experiencing several health
problems.