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GOOD
GRAMMAR! in fact, flawless grammar is a joy to listen to.
Firstly, you must learn (memorise) all the words in the table of tenses. There are 4 columns, all
starting with 'P'.
P1 - Present tense (+s or -s) [for now, facts or habits]
P2 - Process (+ing) [takes time to complete]
P3 - Past (+ed or spelling change) [for stories that are over]
P4 - Participle (=ed, spelling change or +n) [for perfect tense and passive sentences]
Here are the common words in English according to the table of tenses.
P1 - P2 - P3 - P4
has/have - having - had - had
goes/go - going - went - gone
gives/give - giving - gave - given
chooses/choose - choosing - chose - chosen
buys/buy - buying - bought - bought
flies/fly - flying - flew - flown
sings/sing - singing - sang - sung
cuts/cut - cutting - cut - cut
puts/put - putting - put - put
becomes/become - becoming - became - become
*smiles/smile - smiling - smiled - smiled
*explains/explain - explaining - explained - explained
* if you notice P3 and P4 looks the same in smiled and explained but they are completely
different meanings.
the 4 columns in Malay actually means:
p1 - sekarang
p2 - sedang (imbuhan me-)
p3 - telah
p4 - imbuhan diso for 'kick'
kicks/kick - kicking - kicked - kicked
is actually in Malay
tendang - menendang - telah tendang - ditendang.
Get it?
* Passive sentences are a combination of 2 WORDS: Be5 +P4, not P3. But sometimes if the
spelling it +ed, it looks like P3, but the function is actually P4.
5. Other rules:
a) to + ori
to give (correct)
to gives, to giving, to gave, to given (wrong)
b) to + be + P4
to be taken (correct)
to be take, to be takes, to be taking, to be took (wrong)
c) modals: can/cannot/may/must/mustn't/should/shouldn't/will/would etc
modals + ori
can swim (correct)
can swims, can swimming, can swam, can swum (wrong)
d) modals + be + P4
must be discussed (correct)
must be discuss, must be discusses, must be discussing (wrong)
e) by + ing
by taking the bus (correct)
by takes, by take, by took, by taken (wrong)
f) for + ing
for demonstrating (correct)
for demonstrate, for demonstrates, for demonstrated (wrong)
g)
3H + been + P2
has been taking (correct)
has been take, has been takes, has been took (wrong)
or
3H + been + P4
has been taken (correct)
* P2 is used if the process takes a long time,
P4 is used if it is a passive sentence.