AQA Mechanics 1 Kinematics in two dimensions

Section 1: Using vectors

Solutions to Exercise
1. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

AB BC AC
PQ RQ PQ QR PR
AB BC CD AC CD AD
AC BC BD AC CB BD AB BD AD
PQ SR RQ PQ RS QR PQ QR RS PR RS PS

2.

(i) AB and CD have equal magnitude but go in opposite directions, so this

statement is false.
(ii) AB BC AC

AD DC AC
so this statement is true.

3.

p
A

(i) BD BA AD p q
(ii) AM AB 21 BD p 21 ( p q) 21 p 21 q
(iii) AC AB BC p q
(iv) MD 21 BD 21 ( p q) 21 p 21 q

4. (i) a has magnitude 2 km, so 2a has magnitude 4 km.

The direction of 2a is due north.
(ii) b has magnitude 1 km, so 4b has magnitude 4 km.
The direction of 4b is northwest.

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(iii) a has magnitude 2 km, so a has magnitude 2 km.
The direction of a is due south.
(iv)

135

ab

a
2

Using cosine rule: d 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 cos 135

d 2.80 (3 s.f.)
sin sin 135
Using sine rule:

1
d
14.6 (3 s.f.)
a b has magnitude 2.80 km, and bearing 360 14.6 = 345.4
(v)

2 c
45
b
1

d
bc

Using cosine rule: d 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 cos 45

d 1.47 (3 s.f.)
sin sin 45

Using sine rule:

1
d
28.7 (3 s.f.)
b c has magnitude 1.47 km, and bearing 90 28.7 = 61.3

5. (i) AC AB BC 2i j 3i 4 j 5 i 3 j
(ii) CD CA AD AC AD (5 i 3 j) i 5 j 4i 2 j
(iii) DB DA AB AD AB (i 5 j) 2i j i 6 j
(iv) AM AC 21 CD 5 i 3 j 21 ( 4i 2 j) 5 i 3 j 2i j 3i 4 j
(v) DM 21 DC 21 CD 21 ( 4i 2 j) 2i j

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6. (i)

10

50
The component in the direction Ox is 10cos 50 6.43 (3 s.f)
The component in the direction Oy is 10 sin 50 7.66 (3 s.f)
(ii)
8

b
55
The component in the direction Ox is 8 cos 55 4.59 (3 s.f)
The component in the direction Oy is 8 sin 55 6.55 (3 s.f)
(iii)

80
4

The component in the direction Ox is 4cos80 0.695 (3 s.f)

The component in the direction Oy is 4sin 80 3.94 (3 s.f)
7. u 3i j

v u at

v 5i 3 j

5 i 3 j 3i j 2a

t 2

2a 8i 2 j

a?

a 4i j

The acceleration of the particle is 4i j .

8. (i) u 2i 3 j

v u at

a i j

2i 3 j 5( i j)

t 5

2i 3 j 5 i 5 j

v ?

7i 8 j

The velocity of the particle after 5 seconds is 7i 8 j .

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AQA M1 Kinematics in 2D 1 Exercise solutions

(ii) s ut 21 at 2

(2i 3 j) 5 21 ( i j) 5 2
10i 15 j 252 i 252 j
52 i 552 j
The displacement of the particle is 52 i 552 j .

9. Displacement of particle 7i j (3i 5 j)

4i 6 j
s ut 21 at 2

(i) u i 2 j

s 4i 6 j

4i 6 j 4( i 2 j) 21 a 42

t 4

4i 6 j 4i 8 j 8a

a?

8a 8i 14 j
ai

7
4

The acceleration of the particle is i

7
4

j.

(ii) s 21 (u v)t

4i 6 j 21 ( i 2 j v) 4
4i 6 j 2i 4 j 2v
2v 6i 10 j

v 3i 5 j
Speed 3i 5 j 32 5 2 5.83 ms-1.

10.

70

45

300

70
Using cosine rule:

v 2 300 2 45 2 2 300 45 cos 70

v 288 (3 s.f.)

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AQA M1 Kinematics in 2D 1 Exercise solutions

sin
45
45 sin 70

sin 70

Using sine rule:

v
sin

8.5
The velocity of the aeroplane is 288 kmh-1 on a bearing of 171.5.
11.

Velocity triangle

Distance triangle

1.2

d
100

Resultant velocity v 42 1.2 2 17.44 4.18 ms-1.

By similar triangles

1.2
4

100
d 30
The boat is carried 30 m downstream.

12.
62
3

10

sin sin 62

3
10
3 sin 62
sin
10
15.4
He should sail on a bearing of (270 - 15.4) = 254.6.
Using the sine rule:
28

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