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Intermediate goals are benchmarks set between a starting point and an overall point of success that help
make the final goal more achievable
qualities needed for achieving goals

Initiative
Good management skills
Determination
Commitment
Perseverance
Ability to work hard.

Difference between a value and behaviour;

Values are the things we hold dear to use while behavior is the way in which one acts or conducts oneself,
especially towards others.

A value may be defined as something that we hold dear, those things/qualities which we consider
to be of worth. These values guide the way we live our lives and the decisions we make.
values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be
Our values are influences by factors such as culture/language, gender, religion, media
values are revealed in attitudes, interest and actions or behaviours

How Values Guide Behaviours and Decisions

Behaviour or Decision
Patience

giving others time to express their ideas

Cleanliness

attending to personal hygiene

Responsibility

disposing of litter in containers designed for that pur pose , putting

away equipment after using it

Punctuality

meeting deadlines for school assignments .being on time for

appointments

Fairness

ensuring everyone has equal opportunities to succeed

Value
Behaviour is the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others
is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, A value is commonly formed by a particular
belief that is related to the worth of an idea or type of behaviou

Importanf Family Values

family togetherness, love, commitment, responsibility, honesty, loyalty, education, family, relation, respect,
privacy.

reasons for challenges involved in goal setting

How values influence conflicts that could occur as a result of changes in the family

Values Definition

Values- important beliefs or ideals shared by members of a culture, of what is good or bad,
desirable or undesirable.
Values are learnt beliefs and attitudes that are chosen freely, prized and acted upon
The personal guidelines that are used to establish what is useful or desirable
Those cherished beliefs that influence behaviour

Processes of Values
1. Choosing
F- freely

A -alternatives

Values must be freely selected if they are to be really valued by the individual.
There should not be any coercion (force, intimidation, bullying) if the person is forced
to choose, result is not likely to stay with one for long, especially when out of the
range of the source of that coercion

Only when there is more than one alternative from which to choose, do we say a value can
result.

t- thoughtful consideration of the consequences of each alternative

Impulsive or thoughtless choices do not lead to values as we define them.

For something intelligently and meaningfully to guide one's life, it must emerge from a
weighing and understanding.

Only when the consequences of each of the alternatives are clearly understood can one
make intelligent choices. .
2. Prizing
When we value something, it has a positive tone.
We prize it, cherish it, esteem it, respect it, and hold it dear. We are happy with our
value and will affirm that choice when asked about it.
We may even be willing to champion for them

3. Acting Upon Choices.

When we have a value, it shows up in aspects of our living.
e.g. We may do some reading about things we value.
We are likely to form friendships or to be in organisations in ways that nourish our
values.
We may spend money on a choice we value.
We budget time or energy for our values. Our values show up in several different
situations, at several different times and form a pattern in a life.
Sources of Values
1. family

caring for each other, family comes first, keep up the familys name

respecting family rules

a belief in the importance of sharing resources with family members

loyalty to the family unit and to individual family members

2. community and Society

peersimportance of friendship, importance of doing things that peers approve of

religionbeliefs about right and wrong and beliefs in gods

mediathe impact of TV, movies, radio, the Internet and advertising on what is important in
our lives, what is valued and not valued

musicmusic often reflects what is occurring in society, peoples response to things such as
love and relationships which may then influence the development of our values

respect for others justice

respect for diversity willingness to compromise

3. contact with different People

travelling to local and international countries to share experience

culturea cultural value such as the importance of individuality as opposed to conforming to

groups

workplacedoing your job properly; approving/disapproving of foreign orders (doing homerelated activities in work time or using work resources for home related activities)

4. Personal Experiences

significant life eventsdeath of loved ones and the impact on what we value as being
important; marriage and the importance and role of marriage and children; separation and
divorce and the value change that may be associated with this (valuing of self or otherwise)

educational institutionsthe valuing or otherwise of learning; value of self in relation to an

ability to learn (this often depends on personal experience of schooling, whether positive or
negative

Technologythe importance of technology or otherwise; the importance of computers and

developing computer skills.

Major historical eventsnot wasting anything, saving for times of draught, valuing human life,
patriotic values.

5. Reaction to authority
Commands were given by an authority figures in our everyday lives, like sports coaches, teachers
and parents, all have different qualities that they value more than others. We constantly spend
time figuring out what these people think are the most important qualities and trying to conform to
their values in order to be the best athlete, student or child in their eyes. If we are always trying to
be the kind of person that others want us to be, when do we find time to form our own values?
How can we be the best person for ourselves when others' opinions are so important and impact
our lives so much?
school principal
dean of discipline

church official
police officer
referee

F- family
A -Authority
C- Community and Society
E Experiences
D-Different people