CH 23 HW1 PDF

10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Ch23HW
Due:11:59pmonWednesday,October5,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy
BouncingElectrons
Twoelectrons,eachwithmassmandchargeq,arereleasedfrompositionsveryfarfromeachother.Withrespecttoacertain
referenceframe,electronAhasinitialnonzerospeedv towardelectronBinthepositivexdirection,andelectronBhasinitial
speed3vtowardelectronAinthenegativexdirection.Theelectronsmovedirectlytowardeachotheralongthexaxis(very
hardtodowithrealelectrons).Astheelectronsapproacheachother,theyslowduetotheirelectricrepulsion.Thisrepulsion
eventuallypushesthemawayfromeachother.
PartA
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemotionoftheelectronsinthegivenreferenceframewillbetrueattheinstant
thetwoelectronsreachtheirminimumseparation?
ANSWER:
ElectronAismovingfasterthanelectronB.
ElectronBismovingfasterthanelectronA.
Bothelectronsaremovingatthesame(nonzero)speedinoppositedirections.
Bothelectronsaremovingatthesame(nonzero)speedinthesamedirection.
Bothelectronsaremomentarilystationary.
Correct
Ifatagivenmomenttheelectronsarestillmovingtowardeachother,thentheywillbecloserinthenextinstant.Ifata
givenmomenttheelectronsaremovingawayfromeachother,thentheywerecloserinthepreviousinstant.The
electronswillbetravelinginthesamedirectionatthesamespeedatthemomenttheyreachtheirminimum
separation.Onlyinareferenceframeinwhichthetotalmomentumiszero(thecenterofmomentumframe)wouldthe
electronsbestationaryattheirminimumseparation.
PartB
Whatistheminimumseparationrmin thattheelectronsreach?
Expressyouranswerintermofq,m,v ,andk(wherek =
1
40
).
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Sincenoexternalornonconservativeforcesactonthesystemofthetwoelectrons,bothmomentumandtotal
energy(kineticpluspotential)areconserved.Findoneexpressionfortheenergywhentheelectronsarefarapart,
andanotherwhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin .Thiswillgiveyouanequationinwhichtheonly
unknownisthespeedoftheelectronsatthemomentoftheirminimumseparation.Applyconservationof
momentum,usingthesameinitialandfinalstates,toobtainasecondequationinvolvingthespeedoftheelectrons.
Solvethesimultaneousenergyandmomentumequationstoobtainrmin .
Hint2.Findtheinitialenergy
WhatisthetotalenergyEinitial ofthetwoelectronswhentheyareinitiallyreleased?Assumethattheelectronsare
sofarapartthattheirpotentialenergyiszero.
Expressyouranswerintermsofmandv .
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4706984
1/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
ANSWER:
Einitial
5mv
Hint3.Findthefinalenergy
WhatisthetotalenergyEf inal oftheelectronswhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin ?Assumethatthe
(identical)speedofthetwoelectronsisv f .
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,v f ,q,rmin ,andk(wherek =
1
40
).
Hint1.Findthefinalkineticenergy
Whatisthefinalkineticenergy(bothelectrons)?
Expressyouranswerintermsofv f ,andm.
ANSWER:
Kf inal
(v f
)m
Hint2.Findthefinalpotentialenergy
Whatisthefinalpotentialenergyofthis2electronsystem?
Expressyouranswerintermsofk,q,andrmin .
ANSWER:
Uf inal
kq
rmin
ANSWER:
Ef inal
(vf
)m +
kq
rmin
Hint4.Findtheinitialmomentum
Whatisthetotalmomentump initial
ofthetwoelectronswhentheyareinitiallyreleased?
Expressyouranswerasavectorintermsofm,v ,and^i .
ANSWER:
p
initial
^
2mv i
Hint5.Findthefinalmomentum
Whatisthetotalmomentump final ofthetwoelectronswhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin ?Assume
thatthe(identical)velocityofthetwoelectronsisv f .
2/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Expressyouranswerasavectorintermsofmandv f .
ANSWER:
p
f inal
2mv f
Hint6.Somemathhelp
Fromthemomentumequations,v f
thatis,v f
= v
= v
.Substituteforv f intheenergyconservationequationto
findrmin .
ANSWER:
rmin
kq
4mv2
Correct
Anexperiencedphysicistmightapproachthisproblembyconsideringthesystemofelectronsinareferenceframein
whichtheinitialmomentumiszero.Inthisframetheinitialspeedofeachelectronis2v.Trysolvingtheproblemthis
way.Makesurethatyouobtainthesameresultforrmin ,anddecideforyourselfwhichapproachiseasier.
EnergyStoredinaChargeConfiguration
Fourpointcharges,A,B,C,andD,areplacedatthecornersofasquarewithsidelengthL.ChargesA,B,andChavecharge
+ q,andDhascharge q.
Throughoutthisproblem,usekinplaceof
1
40
PartA
IfyoucalculateW ,theamountofworkittooktoassemblethischargeconfigurationifthepointchargeswereinitially
infinitelyfarapart,youwillfindthatthecontributionforeachchargeisproportionalto
numericvaluethatmultipliestheabovefactor,inW .
kq
.Inthespaceprovided,enterthe
3/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
TheCoulombforceisconservative.Ifwedefinethepotentialenergyofthesystemtobezerowhenthechargesare
infinitelyfarapart,theamountofworkneededtoplaceanyonechargeinaconfigurationisequaltoitselectric
potentialenergy.ImaginemovingchargeA,thenB,thenC,andfinallyDintoplace.Findtheworkrequiredtoadd
eachchargetotheconfigurationbycalculatingthepotentialenergyofeachjustafteritisadded.Addthework
requiredforeachchargetofindthetotalworkrequired.
Hint2.Electricpotentialandpotentialenergy
RecallthattheelectricpotentialatapointatdistancerfromachargeqisV
=k
q
r
,wherek =
1
40
.Notethat
thisequationimplicitlydefinestheelectricpotentialtobezeroatr = .Theelectricpotentialenergyofachargeq
isequaltoqV ,whereV istheelectricpotentialatthepositionofthechargebeforethechargeisplacedthere.To
findthepotentialatapointduetomultiplecharges,sumthepotentialsatthatpointduetoeachcharge.
Hint3.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeA
WhatisWA ,theworkrequiredtoassemblethechargedistributionshowninthefigure?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthe
variablesk,q,andL.
Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeA
WhatisVA ,theelectricpotentialattheupperleftcornerofthesquarebeforechargeAisplacedthere?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:
VA
= 0
ANSWER:
WA
= 0
Hint4.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeB
WhatisWB ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeBtotheconfiguration,asshowninthefigure?
4/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeB
WhatisVB ,thepotentialattheupperrightcornerduetochargeA,beforechargeBisplacedthere?
ANSWER:
VB
kq
ANSWER:
WB
kq
Hint5.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeC
WhatisWC ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeCtotheconfiguration,asshowninthefigure?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthe
variablesk,q,andL.
Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeC
V
5/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
WhatisVC ,thepotentialatthelowerrightcornerofthesquarebeforechargeCisplacedthere?
Hint1.Howtoapproachthispart
ThepotentialatCisthesumoftheindividualpotentialsduetothechargesatBandA.
Hint2.FindthepotentialatCduetothechargeatB
WhatisthepotentialatCduetothechargeatB?
ANSWER:
VCB
kq
L
Hint3.FindthepotentialatCduetothechargeatA
WhatisthepotentialatCduetothechargeatA?
ANSWER:
VCA
kq
2 L
ANSWER:
VC
kq
(1 +
1
2
ANSWER:
WC
kq
(1 +
1
2
Hint6.FindtheworkrequiredtoplacechargeD
WhatisWD ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeDtotheconfiguration?
6/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Hint1.FindthepotentialatthepositionofchargeD
WhatisVD ,thepotentialatthelowerleftcornerofthesquarebeforechargeDisplacedthere?
ANSWER:
VD
kq
L
(2 +
1
2
ANSWER:
WD
kq
(2 +
1
2
ANSWER:
= 0 (
kq
Correct
Thehintsledyouthroughtheproblembyaddingonechargeatatime.Alittlethoughtshowsthatthisisequivalentto
simplyaddingtheenergiesofallpossiblepairs:
W =
40
1
RBA
1
RBC
1
RCA
1
RDA
1
RDB
1
RDC
).
Notethatthisisnotequivalenttoaddingthepotentialenergiesofeachcharge.Addingthepotentialenergieswillgive
youdoublethecorrectanswerbecauseyouwillbecountingeachchargetwice.
PartB
7/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Whichofthefollowingfiguresdepictsachargeconfigurationthatrequireslessworktoassemblethantheconfigurationin
theproblemintroduction?Assumethatallchargeshavethesamemagnitudeq.
ANSWER:
figurea
figureb
figurec
Correct
PotentialofaChargedRing
AringwithradiusRandauniformlydistributedtotalchargeQliesinthexyplane,centeredattheorigin.
PartA
WhatisthepotentialV (z)duetotheringonthezaxisasafunctionofz?
ExpressyouranswerintermsofQ,z,R,and0 ork =
1
40
.
8/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Theformulafortheelectricpotentialproducedbyastaticchargedistributioninvolvestheamountofchargeandthe
distancefromthechargetothepositionwherethepotentialismeasured.Allpointsontheringareequidistantfroma
givenpointonthezaxis.Thisenablesyoutocalculatetheelectricpotentialsimply,withoutdoinganintegral.
Hint2.Thepotentialduetoapointcharge
Ifyouincorporatethesymmetryoftheproblem,youwillneedonlytoknowtheformulaforpotentialofapoint
q
charge:V (r) =
,whereV (r)isthepotentialatdistancerfromthepointcharge,qisthemagnitudeofthe
40 r
charge,and0 isthepermittivityoffreespace.
ANSWER:
kQ
V (z)
+z 2
Correct
PartB
WhatisthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldEonthezaxisasafunctionofz,forz
> 0
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthequantitiesQ,z,R,and0 ork =
1
40
Hint1.Determinethedirectionofthefield
Bysymmetry,theelectricfieldhasonlyoneCartesiancomponent.Inwhatdirectiondoestheelectricfieldpoint?
ANSWER:
^i
^
j
^
k
Hint2.Therelationshipbetweenelectricfieldandpotential
Youcanobtaintheelectricfieldfromapotentialbythefollowingexpression:
E = V =
V
x
^
i
V
y
^
j
V
z
^
k,
whereEistheelectricfieldvector,V istheelectricpotential,isthegradientoperator,and
f
t
meansthepartial
derivativeoff withrespecttot.
ANSWER:
9/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
kQz
E (z)
|=
3
2
(z +R )
Correct
Noticethatwhilethepotentialisastrictlydecreasingfunctionofz,theelectricfieldfirstincreasestillz =
and
thenstartstodecrease.
Whydoestheelectricfieldexhibitsuchabehavior?
Thoughthecontributiontotheelectricfieldfromeachpointontheringstrictlydecreasesasafunctionofz,thevector
cancellationfrompointsonoppositesidesoftheringbecomesverystrongforsmallz.E(z
thesevectorcancellations.Ontheotherhand
E (z)0
onaccountof
= 0) = 0
,eventhoughalltheindividualdE'spointin(almost)the
samedirectionthere,becausethecontributiontotheelectricfield,perunitlengthofthering
dE
dr
0as z.
Exercise23.6
ThetwosidesoftheDNAdoublehelixareconnectedbypairsofbases(adenine,thymine,cytosine,andguanine).Becauseof
thegeometricshapeofthesemolecules,adeninebondswiththymineandcytosinebondswithguanine.Thefigureshowsthe
thymineadeninebond.EachchargeshowniseandtheH N distanceis0.110nm.
PartA
Calculatetheelectricpotentialenergyoftheadeninethyminebond,usingcombinationsofmoleculesO H Nand
N H N.
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Uadeninethymine
= 9.711019J
Correct
10/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartB
Comparethisenergywiththepotentialenergyoftheprotonelectronpairinthehydrogenatom.Theelectroninthe
hydrogenatomis0.0529nmfromtheproton.
ANSWER:
Uadeninethymine
UH
= 0.223
Correct
Exercise23.24
Atacertaindistancefromapointcharge,thepotentialandelectricfieldmagnitudeduetothatchargeare4.98Vand12.0V/m
,respectively.(Takethepotentialtobezeroatinfinity.)
PartA
Whatisthedistancetothepointcharge?
ANSWER:
= 0.415 m
Correct
PartB
Whatisthemagnitudeofthecharge?
ANSWER:
q
= 2.301010 C
Correct
PartC
Istheelectricfielddirectedtowardorawayfromthepointcharge?
ANSWER:
Toward
Away
Correct
11/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Exercise23.23
PartA
Anelectronistobeacceleratedfromavelocityof4.50106m/stoavelocityof8.00106m/s.Throughwhatpotential
differencemusttheelectronpasstoaccomplishthis?
ANSWER:
V1 V2
= 125 V
Correct
PartB
Throughwhatpotentialdifferencemusttheelectronpassifitistobeslowedfrom8.00106m/stoahalt?
ANSWER:
V1 V2
= 182 V
Correct
Exercise23.48
Ametalspherewithradiusra =1.30cmissupportedonaninsulatingstandatthecenterofahollow,metal,sphericalshell
withradiusrb =9.60cm.Charge+qisputontheinnersphereandchargeqontheoutersphericalshell.Themagnitudeofq
ischosentomakethepotentialdifferencebetweenthespheres460V,withtheinnersphereathigherpotential.
PartA
Calculateq.
ANSWER:
q
= 7.701010 C
Correct
PartB
Aretheelectricfieldlinesandequipotentialsurfacesmutuallyperpendicular?
ANSWER:
12/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Yes
No
Correct
PartC
AretheequipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEislargest?
ANSWER:
EquipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEislargest.
EquipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEissmallest.
Correct
Problem23.89
Analphaparticlewithkineticenergy15.0MeVmakesacollisionwithleadnucleus,butitisnot"aimed"atthecenterofthe
leadnucleus,andhasaninitialnonzeroangularmomentum(withrespecttothestationaryleadnucleus)ofmagnitudeL = p0 b,
wherep0 isthemagnitudeoftheinitialmomentumofthealphaparticleandb=1.201012m.(Assumethattheleadnucleus
remainsstationaryandthatitmaybetreatedasapointcharge.Theatomicnumberofleadis82.Thealphaparticleisahelium
nucleus,withatomicnumber2.)
PartA
Whatisthedistanceofclosestapproach?
ANSWER:
= 1.211012 m
Correct
PartB
Repeatforb=1.501013m.
ANSWER:
=
2.510
14
IncorrectTryAgain27attemptsremaining
13/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartC
Repeatforb=1.201014m.
ANSWER:
=
2.510
14
Exercise23.17
Pointchargesq1 = + 2.00 C andq2 = 2.00 C areplacedatadjacentcornersofasquareforwhichthelengthofeach
sideis4.50cm.Pointaisatthecenterofthesquare,andpointbisattheemptycornerclosesttoq2 .Taketheelectric
potentialtobezeroatadistancefarfrombothcharges.
PartA
Whatistheelectricpotentialatpointaduetoq1 andq2 ?
ANSWER:
Va
= 0V
Correct
PartB
Whatistheelectricpotentialatpointb?
ANSWER:
Vb
= 1.17105V
Correct
PartC
Apointchargeq3 =3.00Cmovesfrompointatopointb.Howmuchworkisdoneonq3 bytheelectricforcesexerted
byq1 andq2 ?
ANSWER:
14/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Wab
= 0.351J
Correct
Exercise23.14
Aparticlewithachargeof+4.20 nCisinauniformelectricfieldEdirectedtotheleft.Itisreleasedfromrestandmovesto
theleftafterithasmoved6.00cm,itskineticenergyisfoundtobe+1.50 10 6 J.
PartA
Whatworkwasdonebytheelectricforce?
ANSWER:
W
= 1.50106 J
Correct
PartB
Whatisthepotentialofthestartingpointwithrespecttotheendpoint?
ANSWER:
V
= 357 V
Correct
PartC
WhatisthemagnitudeofE?
ANSWER:
E
= 5950 N/C
Correct
Exercise23.45
Inacertainregionofspace,theelectricpotentialisV (x, y, z)
constants.
= Axy Bx
+ Cy
,whereA,B,andC arepositive
15/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartA
Calculatethexcomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ex
Ay + 2Bx
Correct
PartB
Calculatetheycomponentoftheelectricfield.
ANSWER:
Ey
Ax C
Correct
PartC
Calculatethezcomponentoftheelectricfield.
ANSWER:
Ez
= 0
Correct
PartD
Atwhichpointsistheelectricfieldequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x
= 0, y = 0, z = 0
= C/A , y = 0 , z = 2BC/A
= C/A , y = 2BC/A
= 2BC/A
anyvalueofz
anyvalueofy,
z = C/A
Thereisnopointatwhichtheelectricfieldequaltozero.
16/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Correct
Problem23.64
AGeigercounterdetectsradiationsuchasalphaparticlesbyusingthefactthattheradiationionizestheairalongitspath.A
thinwireliesontheaxisofahollowmetalcylinderandisinsulatedfromit.Alargepotentialdifferenceisestablishedbetween
thewireandtheoutercylinder,withthewireathigherpotentialthis
setsupastrongelectricfielddirectedradiallyoutward.Whenionizing
radiationentersthedevice,itionizesafewairmolecules.Thefree
electronsproducedareacceleratedbytheelectricfieldtowardthewire
and,onthewaythere,ionizemanymoreairmolecules.Thusa
currentpulseisproducedthatcanbedetectedbyappropriate
electroniccircuitryandconvertedtoanaudible"click."Supposethe
radiusofthecentralwireis145mandtheradiusofthehollow
cylinderis1.80cm.
PartA
4
Whatpotentialdifferencebetweenthewireandthecylinderproducesanelectricfieldof2.00 10 V/matadistanceof
1.20cmfromtheaxisofthewire?(Assumethatthewireandcylinderarebothverylongincomparisontotheirradii.)
ANSWER:
V
= 1160 V
Correct
Exercise23.5
Asmallmetalsphere,carryinganetchargeofq1 =2.60C,isheldinastationarypositionbyinsulatingsupports.Asecond
smallmetalsphere,withanetchargeofq2 =8.00Candmass1.90g,isprojectedtowardq1 .Whenthetwospheresare
0.800mapart,q2 ismovingtowardq1 withspeed22.0m/s.Assumethatthetwospherescanbetreatedaspointcharges.
Youcanignoretheforceofgravity.
17/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartA
Whatisthespeedofq2 whenthespheresare0.420mapart?
ANSWER:
v
= 16.2 m/s
Correct
PartB
Howclosedoesq2 gettoq1 ?
ANSWER:
= 0.270 m
Correct
Exercise23.8
PartA
Threeequal1.60Cpointchargesareplacedatthecornersofanequilateraltrianglewithsides0.700 mlong.Whatisthe
potentialenergyofthesystem?(Takeaszerothepotentialenergyofthethreechargeswhentheyareinfinitelyfarapart.)
ANSWER:
U
= 9.86102J
18/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Correct
ChangeinElectricPotentialRankingTask
Inthediagrambelow,therearetwochargesof+qandqandsixpoints(athroughf)atvariousdistancesfromthetwo
charges.Youwillbeaskedtorankchangesintheelectricpotential
alongpathsbetweenpairsofpoints.
PartA
Usingthediagramtotheleft,rankeachofthegivenpathsonthebasisofthechangeinelectricpotential.Rankthelargest
magnitudepositivechange(increaseinelectricpotential)aslargestandthelargestmagnitudenegativechange(decrease
inelectricpotential)assmallest.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.
Hint1.Changeinelectricpotential
Determiningthechangeinelectricpotentialalongsomepathinvolvesdeterminingtheelectricpotentialatthetwo
endpointsofthepath,andsubtracting:
V = Vf inal Vinitial .
Hint2.Determinethealgebraicsignofthechangeinpotential
Thepathfrompointdtopointaresultsinapositivechangeinelectricpotential.Whichoftheotherpathsalso
involvesapositivechangeinelectricpotential(i.e.,electricpotentialthatincreasesalongthepath)?
ANSWER:
frombtoa
fromftoe
fromctod
fromctoe
fromctob
Hint3.Conceptualizingchangesinelectricpotential
19/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Sincepositivechargescreatelargepositiveelectricpotentialsintheirvicinityandnegativechargescreatenegative
potentialsintheirvicinity,electricpotentialissometimesvisualizedasasortofelevation.Positivecharges
representmountainpeaksandnegativechargesdeepvalleys.Inthispicture,whenyouareclosetoapositive
charge,youarehighupandhavealargepositivepotential.Conversely,nearanegativechargeyouaredeepina
valleyandhaveanegativepotential.Thus,changesinelectricpotentialcanbethoughtofaschangesinelevation.
Thechangeispositiveifyouaremovinguphillandthechangeisnegativeifyoumovedownhill.Thefartheryou
traveleitheruphillordownhill,thelargerthemagnitudeofthechangeinelectricpotential.
ANSWER:
Reset
Help
largest
smallest
frombtoa
fromctob
fromdtoa
fromctod
fromctoe
fromftoe
Thecorrectrankingcannotbedetermined.
Correct
Exercise23.12
Anobjectwithchargeq=4.00109
isplacedinaregionofuniformelectricfieldandisreleasedfromrestatpointA.After
thechargehasmovedtopointB,0.500mtotheright,ithaskineticenergy4.00107 J.
PartA
IftheelectricpotentialatpointAis+30.0V,whatistheelectricpotentialatpointB?
ANSWER:
VB
= 130V
20/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Correct
PartB
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheelectricfield?
ANSWER:
E
= 200 V
m
Correct
PartC
Whatisthedirectionoftheelectricfield?
ANSWER:
frompointBtopointA
frompointAtopointB
perpendiculartothelineAB
Correct
Exercise23.19
Twopointchargesq1 =2.30nCandq2 =6.00nCare0.100mapart.PointAismidwaybetweenthempointBis0.080m
fromq1 and0.060mfromq2 (thefigure).Taketheelectricpotential
tobezeroatinfinity.
PartA
A
21/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
FindthepotentialatpointA.
ANSWER:
VA
= 665 V
Correct
PartB
FindthepotentialatpointB.
ANSWER:
VB
= 640 V
Correct
PartC
Findtheworkdonebytheelectricfieldonachargeof2.90nCthattravelsfrompointBtopointA.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
W
= 7.2108 J
Correct
AMillikantypeExperiment
Consideranoildropletofmassmandchargeq.WewanttodeterminethechargeonthedropletinaMillikantypeexperiment.
Wewilldothisinseveralsteps.Assume,forsimplicity,thatthechargeispositiveandthattheelectricfieldbetweentheplates
pointsupward.
PartA
Anelectricfieldisestablishedbyapplyingapotentialdifferencetotheplates.ItisfoundthatafieldofstrengthE0 will
causethedroplettobesuspendedmotionless.Writeanexpressionforthedroplet'schargeq.Letgbetheaccelerationdue
togravity.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthesuspendingfieldE0 andthedroplet'sweightmg.
Hint1.Abodyinstaticequilibrium
RecallNewton's1stlaw,whichstatesthatabodyisinequilibriumwhenthenetforceactingonitiszero.Then,for
thedroplettobesuspendedmotionless(i.e.,tobeinstaticequilibrium),thenetforceactingonithastobezero.
Notethattheonlyforcesactingonthedropletarethegravitationalforce(downward)andtheelectricforce(upward).
22/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Hint2.Findtheelectricforce
Recallthedefinitionofelectricfieldaselectricforceperunitcharge.WriteanexpressionfortheelectricforceF
exertedonapointchargeqbyanelectricfieldE .
ExpressyouranswerintermsofE andq.
ANSWER:
F
Eq
ANSWER:
q
mg
E0
Correct
PartB
ThefieldE0 iseasilydeterminedbyknowingthespacingbetweentheplatesandmeasuringthepotentialdifferenceapplied
tothem.Thelargerproblemistodeterminethemassofamicroscopicdroplet.Consideramassmfallingthrougha
viscousmediuminwhichthereisaretardingordragforce.Forverysmallparticles,theretardingforceisgivenby
F drag = bv,where b isaconstantand v isthedroplet'sspeed.Thenegativesigntellsusthatthedragforcevector
pointsupwardwhenthedropletisfalling.Afallingdropletquicklyreachesaconstantspeed,calledtheterminalspeed.
Writeanexpressionfortheterminalspeedv term .
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,g,andb.
Hint1.Abodyindynamicequilibrium
FromNewton's1stlaw,ifthenetforceactingonabodyinitiallyinmotioniszero,thebodycontinuestomovewith
constantvelocity,andthebodyissaidtobeindynamicequilibrium.Itfollowsthatthenetforceactingonafalling
dropletthatmovesatconstantvelocityiszero.Notethattheonlyforcesactingonthefallingoildropletarethe
gravitationalforceandthedragforce.
ANSWER:
v term
mg
b
Correct
PartC
AsphericalobjectofradiusrmovingslowlythroughtheairisknowntoexperiencearetardingforceFdrag = 6rv,
whereistheviscosityoftheair.UsethisandyouranswertoPartBtofindtheradiusrofasphericaldropletofdensity
fallingwithaterminalspeedv term .
Expressyouranswerintermsof,v term ,,andg.
23/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Inthispartoftheproblem,thesituationissimplyaspecificcaseofthemoregeneralsituationanalyzedinPartB,
whereabodyofmassmthatmovesatconstantspeedthroughaviscousmediumexperiencesaretardingforce
F drag proportionaltothespeedofthebody.Here,adropletofgivendensityfallsatconstantspeed v term throughair
andexperiencesaretardingforceofmagnitudeFdrag ,whichisproportionaltothedropletspeed.Theconstantof
proportionalitydependsontheviscosityofairandtheradiusofthedroplet.Tosolvethispartoftheproblem,simply
applyNewton's1stlawtothedropletandsolveforthedroplet'sradius.
ANSWER:
9vterm
2g
Correct
PartD
Oilhasadensityof860 kg/m3 .Anoildropletissuspendedbetweentwoplates1.0 cmapartbyadjustingthepotential
differencebetweenthemto1177 V.Whenthevoltageisremoved,thedropletfallsandquicklyreachesconstantspeed.It
istimedwithastopwatchandfalls3.00 mmin7.33 s.Theviscosityofairis1.83 10 5 kg/m s.Whatisthedroplet's
chargeq?
Expressthechargeincoulombstotwosignificantfigures.Takethefreefallaccelerationtobe9.81
m/s
InPartA,youfoundanexpressionforthechargeofadropletthatisinequilibriumbetweentwoplatesseparatedby
apotentialdifference.Inparticular,youfoundthatthechargeofthedropletisgivenbytheweightofthedroplet
dividedbytheelectricfieldestablishedbetweentheplates.Therefore,tofindthechargeofthedroplet,youneedto
knowitsmassandthevalueoftheelectricfieldbetweentheplates.
Hint2.Findthemassofthedroplet
Recallthedefinitionofdensityandwriteanexpressionforthemassmofasphericaldropletofradiusranddensity
.
0
Expressyouranswerintermsof,r,and0 .
Hint1.Definitionofdensity
Consideramassmofahomogeneousmaterial,whosevolumeisV .Thedensityofthatmaterialisgiven
by = m/V .
Hint2.Volumeofasphere
ThevolumeofasphereofradiusrisgivenbyV
= (4/3)r
ANSWER:
24/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
r 0
Hint3.Findthedroplet'sradius
InPartCyoufoundanexpressionfortheradiusofadropletofgivendensitythatfallsthroughairatconstantspeed.
Inparticular,youfoundthatthedroplet'sradiusdependsontheviscosityofair,thespeedofthedroplet,thedensity
ofthedroplet,andtheaccelerationduetogravity.
Findthedroplet'sradiusrforthesituationdescribedinthispartoftheproblem.Notethattheonlyunknownvariable
isthedroplet'sspeed.
Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfigures.Takethefreefallaccelerationtobe9.81
m/s
Hint1.Findthespeedofthedroplet
Theoildropletfalls3.00
in7.33 s.Recallthedefinitionofspeedandfindthedroplet'sspeedv .
mm
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v
= 4.093104 m/s
ANSWER:
= 2.000106 m
Hint4.Findtheelectricfieldbetweentwoparallelplates
Thepotentialdifferencebetweentwoparallelchargedplatesisafunctionoftheelectricfieldestablishedbetweenthe
platesandthedistancebetweenthem.
WriteanexpressionfortheelectricfieldE betweentwoparallelplatesadistancedapartandwithapotential
differencebetweenthemofV .
ExpressyouranswerintermsofV andd.
ANSWER:
V
d
ANSWER:
q
= 2.401018 C
Correct
PartE
25/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Howmanyunitsofthefundamentalelectricchargedoesthisdropletpossess?
Expressyouranswerasaninteger.
Hint1.Thefundamentalelectriccharge
Thefundamentalelectricchargeisthemagnitudeofthechargeofanelectron,whichis
e = 1.602176462 10
19
ANSWER:
15
Correct
Exercise23.35
Averysmallspherewithpositivechargeq = +7.00Cisreleasedfromrestatapoint1.30cmfromaverylonglineof
uniformlinearchargedensity = +1.00C / m.
PartA
Whatisthekineticenergyofthespherewhenitis4.40cmfromthelineofchargeiftheonlyforceonitistheforceexerted
bythelineofcharge?
ANSWER:
K
= 0.153J
Correct
ElectricFieldsandEquipotentialSurfaces
Thedashedlinesinthediagramrepresentcrosssectionsofequipotentialsurfacesdrawnin1Vincrements.
26/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartA
Whatistheworkdonebytheelectricforcetomovea1CchargefromAtoB?
Expressyouranswerinjoules.
Hint1.FindthepotentialdifferencebetweenAandB
WhatisthepotentialdifferenceVA
VB
betweenpointAandpointB?
Expressyouranswerinvolts.
Hint1.Equipotentialsurfaces
Recallthatanequipotentialsurfaceisasurfaceonwhichtheelectricpotentialisthesameateverypoint.
ANSWER:
VA VB
= 0 V
Hint2.Potentialdifferenceandwork
Recallthattheelectricpotentialenergydifferencebetweenanytwopointsisequaltothenegativeoftheworkdone
bytheelectricforceasachargedobjectmovesbetweenthosetwopoints.Ifwecombinethiswiththerelationship
betweenelectricpotentialenergyandelectricpotentialwehave:WAB,byelectricf orce = VAB Q.
ANSWER:
0 J
Correct
PartB
C
27/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Whatistheworkdonebytheelectricforcetomovea1CchargefromAtoD?
Expressyouranswerinjoules.
Hint1.FindthepotentialdifferencebetweenAandD
WhatisthepotentialdifferenceVD VA betweenpointAandpointD?
Expressyouranswerinvolts.
ANSWER:
VD VA
= 1 V
Hint2.
Potentialdifferenceandwork
Recallthattheelectricpotentialenergydifferencebetweenanytwopointsisequaltothenegativeoftheworkdone
bytheelectricforceasachargedobjectmovesbetweenthosetwopoints.Ifwecombinethiswiththerelationship
betweenelectricpotentialenergyandelectricpotentialwehave:WAD,byelectricf orce = VAD Q
ANSWER:
1 J
Correct
PartC
ThemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointCis
Hint1.Electricfieldandequipotentialsurfaces
Sincethediagramshowsequalpotentialdifferencesbetweenadjacentsurfaces,equalamountsofworkaredoneto
moveaparticularchargefromonesurfacetothenextadjacentone.Itfollowsthenthatiftheequipotentialsare
closertogether,theelectricforcedoesthesameamountofworkinasmallerdisplacementthaniftheequipotentials
werefartherapart.Therefore,theelectricforce,aswellasthecorrespondingelectricfield,hasalargermagnitude.
ANSWER:
greaterthanthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
lessthanthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
equaltothemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
unknownbecausethevalueoftheelectricpotentialatpointCisunknown.
Correct
Exercise23.43
28/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Inacertainregionofspace,theelectricpotentialisV (x, y, z)
constants.
= Axy Bx
+ Cy
,whereA,B,andC arepositive
PartA
Calculatethexcomponentoftheelectricfield.
ANSWER:
Ex
Ay + 2Bx
Correct
PartB
Calculatetheycomponentoftheelectricfield.
ANSWER:
Ey
Ax C
Correct
PartC
Calculatethezcomponentoftheelectricfield.
ANSWER:
Ez
= 0
Correct
PartD
Atwhichpointistheelectricfieldequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x
= 0, y = 0, z = 0
= C/A , y = 0 , z = 2BC/A
= C/A , y = 2BC/A
, z = C/A
29/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Correct
Problem23.47
Apointchargeq1 =4.05nCisplacedattheorigin,andasecondpointchargeq2 =3.10nCisplacedonthexaxisatx
20.5cm.Athirdpointchargeq3 =2.00nCistobeplacedonthexaxisbetweenq1 andq2 .(Takeaszerothepotential
energyofthethreechargeswhentheyareinfinitelyfarapart.)
= +
PartA
Whatisthepotentialenergyofthesystemofthethreechargesifq3 isplacedatx
10.5cm?
= +
ANSWER:
U
= 4.15107 J
Correct
PartB
Whereshouldq3 beplacedbetweenq1 andq2 tomakethepotentialenergyofthesystemequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x
= 7.45 cm
Correct
Problem23.69
ChargeQ
= +
4.00CisdistributeduniformlyoverthevolumeofaninsulatingspherethathasradiusR=6.00cm.
PartA
Whatisthepotentialdifferencebetweenthecenterofthesphereandthesurfaceofthesphere?
ANSWER:
V
= 3.00105V
Correct
Problem23.79
30/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Theelectricpotentialinaregionthatiswithin2.00moftheoriginofarectangularcoordinatesystemisgivenby
l
m
n
V = Ax + By
+ Cz
+ D,where A , B, C , D, l , m ,and nareconstants.Theunitsof A , B, C ,and Daresuchthatif x
,y,andzareinmeters,thenV isinvolts.YoumeasureV andeachcomponentoftheelectricfieldatfourpointsandobtain
theseresults:
Point
(x, y, z) (m)
V (V)
Ex (V/m)
Ey (V/m)
Ez (V/m)
(0,0,0)
10.0
(1.00,0,0)
4.0
14.0
(0,1.00,0)
6.0
14.0
(0,0,1.00)
8.0
14.0
PartA
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateA.
ANSWER:
A
= 6.0 V ml
Correct
PartB
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateB.
ANSWER:
B
= 4.0 V mm
Correct
PartC
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateC .
ANSWER:
C
= 2.0 V mn
Correct
PartD
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateD.
ANSWER:
31/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
= 10.0 V
Correct
PartE
Usethedatainthetabletocalculatel.
ANSWER:
l
= 2.3
Correct
PartF
Usethedatainthetabletocalculatem.
ANSWER:
m
= 3.5
Correct
PartG
Usethedatainthetabletocalculaten.
ANSWER:
= 7.0
Correct
PartH
WhatisV atthepoint(0,0,0)?
ANSWER:
V
= 10.0V
Correct
32/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
PartI
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(0,0,0)?
ANSWER:
E
= 0 V
m
Correct
PartJ
WhatisV atthepoint(0.50m,0.50m,0.50m)?
ANSWER:
V
PartK
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(0.50m,0.50m,0.50m)?
ANSWER:
E
14
N
C
PartL
WhatisV atthepoint(1.00m,1.00m,1.00m)?
ANSWER:
V
4 V
PartM
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(1.00m,1.00m,1.00m)?
33/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
ANSWER:
E
14
N
C
VideoTutor:ChargedConductorwithTeardropShape
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.
Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.
PartA
TwoconductingspheresareeachgivenachargeQ.Theradiusofthelargersphereisthreetimesgreaterthanthatofthe
smallersphere.IftheelectricfieldjustoutsideofthesmallersphereisE0 ,thentheelectricfieldjustoutsideofthelarger
sphereis
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem.
Theelectricfieldjustoutsideofaconductorisproportionaltotheconductor'ssurfacechargedensity.Thesurface
chargedensityofasphereiscalculatedbydividingthetotalchargeonthespherebythesphere'ssurfacearea.
Thinkabouthowchangingtheradiusofaspherechangesthesphere'ssurfacearea.
ANSWER:
E0
1/3E0
1/9E0
3E0
9E0
34/35
10/4/2016
Ch23HW
Correct
Thelargerspherehasninetimesthesurfaceareaofthesmallerone,andthisreducesthesurfacechargedensitybya
factorofnine.
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis96.1%.
Youreceived24.02outofapossibletotalof25points.
35/35

CH 23 HW1 PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

CH 23 HW1 PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

10/4/2016

Вам также может понравиться