INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CMPUTO

Practice: 1
USE OF OHMMETER, VOLTMETER AND AMMETER IN
MEASUREMENTS D.C
Team members:
MATAS MARTNEZ ARMANDO
MARTINEZ CERN JOS EMMANUEL
Teacher:
JOS ALFREDO MARTNEZ GUERRERO

Group:
1CV9
Date:
August 15, 2016

Objectives:
The student will understand the proper handling of measuring instruments , so that at
the end of practice, should be able to:

properly use the digital ohmmeter.

properly use the digital voltmeter.
properly use the digital ammeter.

Equipment

1 Digital Multimeter
1 Power voltage
4 points banana - gator
2 Bits gator - gator

Material

1 Protoborad
1 1 KOhm resistor to 1/4 watt
1 Resistor 560 ohms to 1/4 watt
1 Resistor 680 ohms to 1/4 watt
1 Resistor 330 ohms to 1/4 watt
Wires for connection

I.

Introduction.

Ammeter.
It is an instrument used to measure the intensity of current that is flowing through an
electrical circuit.
The ammeter is a simple galvanometer. Providing a range of resistances shunt, we
can have an ammeter with several measuring ranges or intervals. Ammeters have a
very low internal resistance below 1 ohm, in order that their presence does not
decrease the current to be measured when connected to an electrical circuit.
(Instrument for detecting small amounts of current) with a parallel resistor called
shunt.
To perform the measurement is necessary that the intensity of the current flowing
through the ammeter, so it should be placed in series, To be crossed by this current.
The ammeter must have a small internal resistance as possible in order to avoid
significant voltage drop (to be very small allow a greater passage of electrons for
correct measurement). To do this, in the case of electromagnetic effects based on
electric current instruments are provided with thick wire coils and with few turns.
Voltmeter.
A voltmeter is one apparatus or device used to measure, directly or indirectly, the
potential difference between two points of an electrical circuit. It is used both by
specialists and repairers of electrical appliances, such as fans at home for various
purposes.
To realize the potential difference measurement, both must be parallel. In other
words, they are parallel means is in derivation on the points of which we want to
measure. Because of this, the voltmeter must have a high internal resistance as
possible, so that its consumption is low, and thus allow the voltage measuring
voltmeter is carried out without errors. To meet this requirement, voltmeters that
base their operation on electromagnetic effects of the electrical current, have coils
with very thin wire and many turns, so that, even with an electric current of low
intensity, apparatus has the necessary force to move the needle.
Ohmmeter.
It is a device used to measure resistance.
When resistance is measured first thing to do is put the device between its terminals
shorted and adjust, by a screw that incorporates, the needle to zero on the scale of
resistance. Then installed between the terminals and the resistance measuring
displacement of the needle indicates the resistance value being read value on the
scale. Since the range of resistance that can be measured is very broad, there are
different scales which can be selected with the cursor, to suit the resistance value to
be measured.

II.

Development of practical
a. Use of ohmeter.
Without energizing any circuit element, measure the value of the
resistance of each resistor, as shown in Figure 3 and fill Table 1.

Figure 3.

Table 1. Measuring resistive values .

Measurement
Resista
Value with the
with digital
nce
color code
ohmmeter
R1
0.999k*
Brown- black- red
R2
0.550k*
Green- blue- brown
R3
663*
Blue- gray- brown
Orange- orangeR4
326.8*
brown
*Ohms

b. Use of Volmeter.
Figure 4 shows how you should measure the voltage by one element.
With the voltage source off, connect the circuit of Figure 5. Once armed
the circuit switch the voltage source and fill in Table 2.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.
Table .2. Voltage measurement.
Multimeter
Voltag
e
Voltage R1 Voltag Voltag
source y R2
e R1
e R2
E=1V
1.04
0.76
0.28
E=2V
2.01
1.5
0.51
E=3V
3.02
2.26
0.76
E=4V
4.07
0.99
3.08
E=5V
5.04
1.25
3.79
E=6V
6.03
4.53
1.5
E=7V
7.09
5.28
1.81
E=8V
7.96
5.99
1.97
E=9V
9.02
6.77
2.25
E=10V
10.03
7.56
2.47
E=11V
10.98
8.23
2.75
E=12V
11.976
8.98
2.996

c. Use of Ammeter.
Figure 6 shows how you should connect the ammeter for measuring
current in an element

With
the
voltage
source,
build
the
circuit
as
figure 7.
Once
finished, put the voltage source power on and fill the table 3.
TABLE 3. Current Measurements
Voltage
source

Digital multimeter
Current thought R1
and R2

Current thought R1

Current thought R2

E=1

3.262 A

1.780 A

1.449 A

E=2

6.311 A

3.550 A

2.978 A

E=3

9.939 A

5.418 A

4.554 A

E=4

13.84 A

7.140 A

5.487 A

E=5

16.545 A

9.032 A

7.571 A

E=6

19.710 A

10.760 A

9.018 A

E=7

23.040 A

12.570 A

10.529 A

E=8

26.485 A

14.470 A

12.111 A

E=9

29.750 A

16.250 A

13.613 A

E=10

32.998 A

18.039 A

15.087 A

E=11

36.417 A

19.840 A

16.660 A

E=12

39*.650 A

21.690 A

18.140 A

III.

Questionary

1.- which it is the characteristic of a series circuit?

-R= In a series circuit receiver they are installed one after another in the power line,
so that the current through the first will be the same as that flowing through the latter.
To install a new element in series in a circuit have to cut the cable and each of the
terminals generated connect to the receiver.

2.- which it is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

-R= In a parallel circuit each receiver connected to the power supply it is
independently of the rest; each has its own line, even if part of that line that is
common to all. To connect a new receiver in parallel, add a new line terminals
connected to lines that are already in the circuit.

3.- which it is the principal difference between a digital and an analog meter?
-R= The main difference between analog and digital multimeter is that the analog
multimeter consists of a continuous scale over which a deflecting needle indicates
the value to be measured, whereas, in digital multimeters, a digital display directly
shows the value.

4.- Why an ammeter must not be connected in parallel?

R=we always connect instrumentation in a way that gets the desired measurement
without affecting the circuit we are measuring. Voltage does not change if
something is connected in parallel (assuming it doesn't draw too much current),
while current doesn't change if something with low resistance is connected in series.
To see this, apply Kirchoff's laws.

Kirchoff's First Law: The sum of currents flowing into a node equals the sum of
currents flowing out of the node. Imagine breaking the circuit of interest at a point A
and connecting an ammeter in series. Then using Kirchoff's First Law, the current
flowing through the ammeter (from points A to A') is exactly the same (assuming an
ideal ammeter with zero resistance) as the current that was flowing through point A
before inserting the ammeter. That's precisely the behavior we want.

Kirchoff's Second Law: The sum of the voltages in any closed loop is equal to zero.
Imagine connecting a voltmeter in parallel with some set of circuit components. This

creates a closed loop. By Kirchoff's Second Law, the voltages in the loop must sum
to zero; therefore, the voltage across the voltmeter terminals must be exactly the
same as the voltage we are trying to measure. Again, this is just the behavior we
are looking for.

5.-Why should deenergize the circuit when the circuit resistance is measured?
R= Because our ohmmeter give voltage to the resistance for calculate it value, if we
put voltage, we interfere thats measures.

IV.

Conclusion

The ohmmeter is used to measure the resistance of a resitor, this should be

measured not energize, since an erroneous measurement could be obtained.
In addition, the series resistance is equal to the sum of each resistor, and in parallel
is the inverse of the inverse, the sum of the voltages passing through each resistor is
equal to the total supply voltage.
The ammeter measures us the current in a circuit, this is works like a wire by
passing current, is sencible and could give a value to the magnitude of it, the current
series is the same and parallel changes, the sum of the individual streams in which it
is divided is equal to the total current.
The current is inversely proportional to the resistance and voltage is directly
proportional to the current.

Annex A

The resister value and it tolerance is indicate

through a color system, its collocate as
bands around the body. As is illustrated in the
next image:

The bands have the following provision:

First band: Is the first resistance digit value

Second band: Show second digit of resistance
Third band : Number of zero (multiplicative band)
Fourth band: Tolerance number

Annex B
Protoboard:
The protoboard or breadboard: It is a kind of board with holes, which can be inserted
electronic components and wires to build circuits. As its name implies, this tablet also
experimenting with electronic circuits, so that the proper functioning of the same is
ensured.
As the diagram, every hole is a terminal to connect an element, just insert the
components. The diagram is indicated on four sections.
The lection one have 4 groups of 25 terminals everyone, they together which
correspond to a circuit node. A group of terminals makes contact each other because
they are interconnected. Thus in one lesson we have four nodes.

Usually Lesson 1 and 4 are used to have the (positive and negative) supply voltages,
including some protoboards include ta part is a red line for positive and blue for negative

Bibliography:

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