Generación Vapor

02/09/2016
Generacin de vapor
Doctor Mario Santizo
Sistema de vapor en la
industria
02/09/2016
Afuelbasedprocessheating
systemandopportunitiesfor
improvement
USOS DEL VAPOR EN LA INDUSTRIA

Indirectamente en intercambiadores de calor.
Directamente en el proceso de esterilizacin,
lavado y sanitizacin.
Calentamiento y/o reacciones en corrientes de
proceso.
02/09/2016
CALDERASDEVAPORPARA
PROCESOS(pirotubulares)
02/09/2016
02/09/2016
CALDERASDEVAPORPARAPOTENCIA
(calderasacuotubulares)
02/09/2016
Planta de vapor
02/09/2016
02/09/2016
02/09/2016
Generacindevaporen
calderasparaprocesoy
parapotencia
Proceso de combustin
Eficiencia de combustin
Eficiencia de caldera
Recuperacin de calor
02/09/2016
Proceso de Combustin
Es el proceso que se realiza en el quemador del generador
de vapor el cual transforma la energa qumica del
combustible en energa trmica a travs de una energa de
activacin
Elementosatomarencuenta
Comburente
Combustible
Purgatanqueprimario
(bunker)
Purgatanque
abastecimiento(bunker)
Serpentinesde
calentamientofluido
Limpiezafiltroscanasta
Temperaturadecombustin
Presindeatomizacin
Relacindecombustible
comburentemnimo
permisible
Composicindelaire:79%
N2 y21%02
Tuneupcaldera:boquilla,
caja,modutrolviscosidad,
varillasdireccionales,levas
10
02/09/2016
REACCIONESDECOMBUSTON
Oxidacindelcarbono
C+O2 =CO2+
Oxidacindelhidrogeno
H2+1/2O2=H2O+
Oxidacindelazufre
1/2S2+O2=SO2+
COLORACINDELALLAMA
rojoobscuro
rojo
rojobrillante
salmn
naranja
amarillo
amarilloligero
blanco
blancobrillante
deslumbrador
1000F
1350F
1500F
1650F
1750F
1850F
2000F(mnimopermisible
excesoaire)
2200F
2750F
3450F
11
02/09/2016
AIREDECOMBUSTIN(PRIMARIO)
79%ESNITROGENO
21%ESOXIGENO
INGRESAATEMP.AMBIENTEYSALEA
TEM.DECHIMENEA
ELNITROGENONOINTERVIENEENEL
PROCESODECOMBUSTION
EFICIENCIADECOMBUSTIN
Es la energa alimentada a la caldera menos la energa
desechada en los gases de chimenea.
En otras palabras: Es la energa que queda disponible en
la caldera para producir vapor + (perdidas debido a la
conveccinradiacin y purga en la caldera).
Qgases chimenea
combustin 1
Q
alim entados a caldera
12
02/09/2016
Medicindelaeficienciadecombustin
OPCION 1
OPCION 2
Porcentajedeoxigeno
Temperaturanetade
chimenea
Porcentajededixido
decarbono
Temperaturanetade
chimenea
Para determinar la eficiencia de combustin se utilizan

tablas, las cuales proporcionan la eficiencia de
combustin y el exceso de aire.
T e m p e ra tu ra n e ta d e c h im e n e a
T e m p e ra tu ra d e c h im e n e a T e m p e ra tu ra a m b ie n te
Tablas de eficiencia de combustin

Bnker
Temperatura neta (F)
Aire
%O2
%CO2
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
0.0
0.0
16.5
91.4
91.2
91.0
90.8
90.6 90.4
90.2
90.0
89.8
89.6
89.4
89.1
89.0
88.8
2.3
0.5
16.1
91.3
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.5 90.3
90.1
89.0
89.7
89.5
89.3
88.9
88.9
88.6
4.7
1.0
15.7
91.3
91.0
90.8
90.6
90.4 90.2
90.0
89.9
89.6
89.4
89.2
88.8
88.7
7.3
1.5
15.3
91.2
91.0
90.8
90.5
90.3 90.1
89.9
89.8
89.5
89.3
88.0
88.5
88.6
88.4
10.0
2.0
14.9
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2 90.0
89.8
89.6
89.3
89.1
88.8
88.5
88.3
88.1
12.8
2.5
14.5
91.0
90.8
90.6
90.3
90.1 89.9
89.7
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.8
88.4
88.3
88.1
15.8
3.0
14.1
90.9
90.7
90.5
90.2
90.0 89.8
89.6
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.6
88.2
88.2
87.9
18.9
3.5
13.8
90.8
90.6
90.4
90.1
89.9 89.7
89.4
89.2
88.9
88.7
88.5
88.1
88.0
87.8
22.3
4.0
13.4
90.7
90.5
90.2
90.0
89.8 89.5
89.3
89.0
88.8
88.6
88.3
87.9
87.8
87.6
25.8
4.5
13.0
90.6
90.4
90.1
89.9
89.6 89.4
89.1
89.9
88.6
88.4
88.5
87.7
87.6
87.4
29.6
5.0
12.6
90.5
90.3
90.0
89.8
89.5 89.2
89.0
88.7
88.5
88.2
87.3
87.5
87.5
87.2
33.6
5.5
12.2
90.4
90.1
89.9
89.6
89.3 89.1
88.8
88.6
88.3
88.0
87.1
87.3
87.2
87.0
37.9
6.0
11.8
90.3
90.0
89.7
89.5
89.3 88.9
88.7
88.4
88.1
87.8
87.0
87.3
87.0
86.8
42.4
6.5
11.4
90.1
89.8
89.6
89.3
89.0 88.7
88.5
88.2
87.9
87.6
87.8
87.1
86.8
86.5
47.3
7.0
11.0
90.0
89.7
89.4
89.1
88.8 88.6
88.3
88.0
87.7
87.4
87.6
86.8
86.5
86.3
52.6
7.5
10.6
89.8
89.5
89.2
88.9
88.6 88.3
88.1
87.8
87.5
87.2
87.4
86.6
86.3
58.2
8.0
10.2
89.6
89.3
89.0
88.7
88.4 88.1
87.8
87.5
87.2
86.9
87.1
86.3
86.0
85.7
64.3
8.5
9.8
89.5
89.1
88.8
88.5
88.2 87.9
87.6
87.3
86.9
86.6
86.9
86.0
85.7
85.3
71.0
9.0
9.4
89.3
88.9
88.6
88.3
88.0 87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.3
85.6
85.7
85.3
85.0
78.2
9.5
9.0
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.0
87.7 87.4
87.0
86.7
86.3
86.0
85.3
85.3
85.0
84.6
86.0
10.0
8.6
88.8
88.5
88.1
87.8
87.4 87.0
86.7
86.3
86.0
85.6
84.0
84.9
84.5
84.2
94.6
10.5
8.3
88.6
88.2
87.8
87.4
87.1 86.7
86.3
86.0
85.6
85.2
84.6
84.5
84.1
83.7
104.1
11.0
7.9
88.3
87.9
87.5
87.1
86.7 86.3
86.0
85.6
85.2
84.8
83.3
84.0
83.6
83.2
114.5
11.5
7.5
88.0
87.6
87.1
86.7
86.3 85.9
85.5
85.1
84.7
84.3
83.9
83.5
83.1
82.7
126.1
12.0
7.1
87.6
87.2
86.8
86.3
85.9 85.5
85.1
84.6
84.2
83.8
82.4
82.9
82.5
82.1
139.1
12.5
6.7
87.2
86.8
86.3
85.9
85.4 85.0
84.5
84.1
83.6
83.2
82.9
82.3
81.8
81.4
153.7
13.0
6.3
86.8
86.3
85.8
85.4
84.9 84.4
83.9
83.5
83.0
82.5
81.3
81.5
81.1
80.6
170.2
13.5
5.9
86.3
85.8
85.3
84.8
84.3 83.8
83.3
82.8
82.2
81.7
80.7
80.7
80.2
79.7
189.1
14.0
5.5
85.7
85.2
84.6
84.1
83.6 83.0
82.5
82.0
81.4
80.9
89.0
79.8
79.2
78.7
210.9
14.5
5.1
85.1
84.5
83.9
83.3
82.8 82.2
81.6
81.0
80.4
79.9
79.3
78.7
78.1
77.5
236.4
15.0
4.7
84.3
83.7
83.1
82.4
81.8 81.2
80.6
79.9
79.3
78.7
78.1
77.4
76.8
76.2
88.5
86.0
13
02/09/2016

Bnker
Aire
%O2
%CO2
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
0.0
0.0
16.5
88.6
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.7
87.5
87.3
87.1
86.7
86.4
86.3
86.1
85.9
88.8
2.3
0.5
16.1
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0
86.8
86.5
86.3
86.1
85.9
85.7
4.7
1.0
15.7
88.3
7.3
1.5
15.3
88.2
87.9
87.7
87.5
87.3
87.1
86.8
86.6
86.4
86.2
86.0
85.7
85.5
85.3
10.0
2.0
14.9
88.0
87.8
88.1
87.6
87.9
87.3
87.7
87.1
87.4
86.9
87.2
86.7
87.0
86.4
86.8
86.2
86.6
86.0
86.4
85.8
86.1
85.5
85.9
85.3
85.7
85.1
85.5
12.8
2.5
14.5
87.9
87.6
87.4
87.2
86.9
86.7
86.5
86.3
86.0
85.5
85.6
86.3
85.1
84.9
15.8
3.0
14.1
87.7
87.5
87.2
87.0
86.8
86.5
86.3
86.1
85.8
85.6
85.3
86.1
84.9
84.6
18.9
3.5
13.8
87.5
87.3
87.l0
86.8
86.6
86.3
86.1
85.8
85.6
85.4
85.1
84.9
84.6
84.4
22.3
4.0
13.4
87.3
87.1
86.8
86.6
86.4
86.1
85.9
85.6
85.4
85.1
84.9
84.6
84.4
84.1
25.8
4.5
13.0
87.1
86.9
86.6
86.4
86.1
85.9
85.6
85.4
85.1
84.9
84.6
84.3
84.1
83.8
29.6
5.0
12.6
86.9
86.7
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.6
85.4
85.1
84.9
84.6
84.3
84.1
83.8
83.5
33.6
5.5
12.2
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
85.4
85.1
84.8
84.6
84.3
84.0
83.0
83.5
83.2
37.9
6.0
11.8
86.5
86.2
85.0
85.7
85.4
85.1
84.8
84.6
84.3
84.0
83.7
83.4
83.2
82.9
42.4
6.5
11.4
86.2
85.7
85.7
85.4
85.1
84.8
84.5
84.2
84.0
83.7
83.4
83.1
82.8
82.5
47.3
7.0
11.0
86.0
85.7
85.4
85.1
84.8
84.5
84.2
83.9
83.6
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.4
82.1
52.6
7.5
10.6
85.7
85.4
85.1
84.8
84.5
84.2
83.9
83.6
83.3
82.9
82.6
82.3
82.0
58.2
8.0
10.2
85.4
85.0
84.7
84.4
84.1
83.8
83.5
83.2
82.9
82.5
82.2
81.9
81.6
81.3
64.3
8.5
9.8
85.0
84.7
84.4
84.1
83.7
83.4
83.1
82.8
82.4
82.1
81.8
81.5
81.1
80.8
71.0
9.0
9.4
84.7
84.3
84.0
83.7
83.3
83.0
82.6
82.3
82.0
81.6
81.3
81.0
80.6
78.2
9.5
9.0
84.3
83.9
83.6
83.2
82.9
82.5
82.2
81.8
81.5
81.1
80.8
80.4
80.1
79.7
86.0
10.0
8.6
83.8
83.5
83.1
82.7
82.4
82.0
81.7
81.3
80.9
80.6
80.2
79.8
79.5
79.1
94.6
10.5
8.3
83.4
83.0
82.6
82.2
81.8
81.5
81.1
80.7
80.3
79.9
79.6
79.2
78.8
78.4
104.1
11.0
7.9
82.8
82.4
82.0
81.7
81.3
80.9
80.5
80.1
79.7
79.3
78.9
78.5
78.1
77.7
114.5
11.5
7.5
82.3
81.8
81.4
81.0
80.6
80.2
79.8
79.4
78.9
78.5
78.1
77.7
77.3
76.8
126.1
12.0
7.1
81.6
81.2
80.8
80.3
79.9
79.4
79.0
78.6
78.1
77.7
77.3
76.8
76.4
75.9
139.1
12.5
6.7
80.9
80.4
80.0
79.5
79.1
78.6
78.2
77.7
77.2
76.8
76.3
75.8
75.4
74.9
153.7
13.0
6.3
80.1
79.6
79.1
78.6
78.2
77.7
77.2
76.7
76.2
75.7
75.2
74.7
74.2
73.8
170.2
13.5
5.9
79.2
78.7
78.2
77.6
77.1
76.6
76.6
76.1
75.6
75.1
74.5
74.0
73.5
72.5
189.1
14.0
5.5
78.1
77.6
77.1
76.5
76.0
75.4
74.9
74.3
73.7
73.2
72.6
72.1
71.5
71.0
210.9
14.5
5.1
76.9
76.4
75.8
75.2
74.6
74.0
73.4
72.8
72.2
71.6
71.0
70.4
69.8
69.2
236.4
15.0
4.7
75.5
74.9
74.3
73.6
73.0
72.4
71.7
71.1
70.5
69.8
69.2
68.5
67.9
67.2
81.7
80.3

Bnker
Aire
%O2
%CO2
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
0.0
0.0
16.5
85.7
85.4
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.4
84.2
83.9
83.7
83.5
83.3
83.1
83.1
82.9
2.3
0.5
16.1
85.5
85.3
84.8
84.6
84.4
84.2
83.9
83.7
83.5
83.3
83.1
82.9
82.9
82.6
4.7
1.0
15.7
85.3
7.3
1.5
15.3
85.1
84.8
84.4
84.2
83.9
83.7
83.5
83.3
83.0
82.8
82.6
82.3
82.3
82.1
10.0
2.0
14.9
84.8
84.6
85.1
84.2
84.6
83.9
84.4
83.7
84.2
83.5
83.9
83.2
83.7
83.0
83.5
82.8
83.3
82.5
83.1
82.3
82.8
82.1
82.6
82.1
82.6
81.8
82.4
12.8
2.5
14.5
84.6
84.4
83.9
83.7
83.4
83.2
83.0
82.7
82.5
82.3
82.0
81.8
81.8
81.5
15.8
3.0
14.1
84.4
84.1
83.7
83.4
83.2
82.9
82.7
82.4
82.2
82.0
81.7
81.5
81.5
81.2
18.9
3.5
13.8
84.1
83.9
83.4
83.1
82.9
82.6
82.4
82.1
81.9
81.6
81.4
81.1
81.1
80.9
22.3
4.0
13.4
83.9
83.6
83.1
82.8
82.6
82.3
82.1
81.8
81.6
81.3
81.1
80.8
80.8
80.5
25.8
4.5
13.0
83.6
83.3
82.8
82.5
82.3
82.0
81.7
81.5
81.2
81.0
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.2
29.6
5.0
12.6
83.3
83.0
82.5
82.2
81.9
81.7
81.4
81.1
80.9
80.6
80.3
80.0
80.0
79.8
33.6
5.5
12.2
82.9
82.7
82.1
81.8
81.6
81.3
81.0
80.7
80.5
80.2
79.9
79.5
79.6
79.4
37.9
6.0
11.8
82.6
82.4
81.8
81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.3
80.0
79.8
79.5
79.2
79.2
78.9
42.4
6.5
11.4
82.2
82.0
81.4
81.1
80.8
80.5
80.2
79.9
79.6
79.3
79.0
78.7
78.7
78.4
47.3
7.0
11.0
81.8
81.7
80.9
80.6
80.3
80.0
79.7
79.4
79.1
78.8
78.5
78.2
78.2
77.9
52.6
7.5
10.6
81.4
81.2
80.5
80.2
79.9
79.6
79.2
78.9
78.6
78.3
78.0
77.7
77.7
77.4
58.2
8.0
10.2
81.0
80.8
80.0
79.7
79.4
79.0
78.7
78.4
78.1
77.7
77.4
77.1
77.1
76.8
64.3
8.5
9.8
80.5
80.3
79.5
79.1
78.8
78.5
78.1
77.8
77.5
77.1
76.8
76.5
76.5
76.1
71.0
9.0
9.4
79.9
79.8
78.9
78.6
78.2
77.9
77.5
77.2
76.8
76.5
76.1
75.8
75.8
75.4
78.2
9.5
9.0
79.4
79.2
78.3
77.9
77.6
77.2
76.8
76.5
76.1
75.8
75.4
75.0
75.0
74.7
86.0
10.0
8.6
78.7
78.6
77.6
77.2
76.9
76.5
76.1
75.7
75.4
75.0
74.6
74.2
74.2
73.9
94.6
10.5
8.3
78.0
78.0
76.9
76.5
76.1
75.7
75.3
74.9
74.5
74.1
73.7
73.3
73.3
72.9
104.1
11.0
7.9
77.3
77.3
76.0
75.6
75.2
78.4
74.4
74.0
73.6
73.2
72.8
72.4
72.4
72.0
114.5
11.5
7.5
76.4
76.5
75.1
74.7
74.3
73.9
73.4
73.0
72.6
72.2
71.7
71.3
71.3
70.9
126.1
12.0
7.1
75.5
75.6
74.1
73.7
73.3
72.8
72.4
71.9
71.5
71.0
70.6
70.1
70.1
69.6
139.1
12.5
6.7
74.4
74.6
73.0
72.6
72.1
71.6
71.1
70.7
70.2
69.7
69.2
68.8
68.8
68.3
153.7
13.0
6.3
73.3
73.5
71.8
71.3
70.8
70.3
69.8
69.3
68.8
68.3
67.8
67.2
67.3
66.8
170.2
13.5
5.9
71.9
72.3
70.3
69.8
69.3
68.8
68.2
67.7
67.2
66.6
66.1
65.6
65.6
65.0
189.1
14.0
5.5
70.4
80.9
68.7
68.2
67.6
67.0
66.5
65.9
65.3
64.7
64.2
63.6
63.6
63.0
210.9
14.5
5.1
68.6
67.4
66.8
66.2
65.6
65.0
64.4
63.8
63.2
62.6
62.0
61.4
61.4
60.7
236.4
15.0
4.7
66.6
65.3
64.6
64.0
63.3
62.7
62.0
61.4
60.7
60.1
59.4
68.7
58.7
58.1
14
02/09/2016

Bnker
Aire
0.0
% O2
0.0
%CO2
16.5
590
82.7
600
82.4
610
82.2
620
82.0
630
81.8
640
81.6
650
81.3
660
81.1
670
80.9
680
80.7
690
80.5
700
80.2
710
80.0
720
79.8
2.3
0.5
16.1
82.4
82.2
82.0
81.7
81.5
81.3
81.1
80.8
80.6
80.4
80.2
79.9
79.7
79.5
4.7
1.0
15.7
7.3
1.5
15.3
81.9
81.6
81.4
81.2
81.0
80.7
80.5
80.3
80.0
79.8
79.5
79.3
79.1
78.8
10.0
2.0
14.9
81.6
81.4
81.1
80.9
80.6
80.4
80.2
79.9
79.7
79.5
79.2
79.0
78.7
78.5
12.8
2.5
14.5
81.3
81.0
80.8
80.6
80.3
80.1
79.8
79.6
79.3
79.1
78.9
78.6
78.4
78.1
15.8
3.0
14.1
81.0
80.7
80.5
80.2
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.2
79.0
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.0
77.7
18.9
3.5
13.8
80.6
80.4
80.1
79.9
79.6
79.4
79.1
78.9
78.6
78.3
78.1
77.8
77.6
77.3
22.3
4.0
13.4
80.3
80.0
79.8
79.5
79.2
79.0
78.8
78.5
78.2
77.9
77.7
77.4
77.1
76.9
25.8
4.5
13.0
79.9
79.6
79.4
79.1
78.8
78.6
78.3
78.0
77.8
77.5
77.2
76.9
76.7
76.4
29.6
5.0
12.6
79.5
79.2
79.0
78.7
78.4
78.1
77.9
77.6
77.3
77.0
76.7
76.5
76.2
75.9
33.6
5.5
12.2
79.1
78.8
78.5
78.2
77.9
77.7
77.4
77.1
76.8
76.5
76.2
76.0
75.7
75.4
37.9
6.0
11.8
78.6
78.3
78.0
77.7
77.5
77.2
76.9
76.6
76.3
76.0
75.7
75.4
75.1
74.8
42.4
6.5
11.4
78.1
77.8
77.5
77.2
76.9
76.6
76.3
76.0
75.7
75.4
75.1
74.8
74.5
74.2
47.3
7.0
11.0
77.6
77.3
77.0
76.7
76.4
76.1
75.8
75.4
75.1
74.8
74.5
74.2
73.9
73.6
52.6
7.5
10.6
77.0
76.7
76.4
76.1
75.8
75.5
75.1
74.8
74.5
74.2
73.9
73.5
73.2
58.2
8.0
10.2
76.4
76.1
75.8
75.5
75.1
74.8
74.5
74.1
73.8
73.5
73.1
72.8
72.5
72.1
64.3
8.5
9.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
74.8
74.4
74.1
73.7
73.4
73.1
72.7
72.4
72.0
71.7
71.3
71.0
82.1
75.1
81.9
74.7
81.7
74.4
81.5
74.0
81.2
73.7
81.0
73.3
80.8
73.0
80.6
72.6
80.3
72.3
80.1
71.9
79.9
71.5
79.6
71.2
79.4
70.8
79.2
72.9
9.0
9.4
78.2
9.5
9.0
74.3
73.9
73.6
73.2
72.8
72.5
72.1
71.7
71.4
71.0
70.6
70.3
69.9
69.5
86.0
10.0
8.6
73.5
73.1
72.7
72.3
72.0
71.6
71.2
70.8
70.4
70.0
69.6
69.3
68.9
68.5
70.5
94.6
10.5
8.3
72.6
72.2
71.7
71.4
71.0
70.6
70.2
79.8
69.4
69.0
68.6
68.2
67.8
67.4
104.1
11.0
7.9
71.5
71.1
70.7
70.3
69.9
69.5
69.1
68.6
68.2
67.8
67.4
67.0
66.5
66.1
114.5
11.5
7.5
70.4
70.0
69.6
69.1
68.7
68.3
67.8
67.4
66.9
66.5
66.1
65.6
65.2
64.7
126.1
12.0
7.1
69.2
68.7
68.3
67.8
67.4
66.9
66.4
66.0
65.5
65.1
64.6
64.1
63.7
63.2
139.1
12.5
6.7
67.8
67.3
66.8
66.4
65.9
65.4
64.9
64.4
63.9
63.5
63.0
62.5
62.0
61.5
153.7
13.0
6.3
66.2
65.7
65.2
64.7
64.2
63.7
63.2
62.7
62.2
61.6
61.1
60.6
60.1
59.6
170.2
13.5
5.9
64.5
63.9
63.4
62.9
62.3
61.8
61.2
60.7
60.1
59.6
59.1
58.5
58.0
57.4
189.1
14.0
5.5
62.5
61.9
61.3
60.7
60.2
59.6
59.0
58.4
57.8
57.3
56.7
56.1
55.5
54.9
210.9
14.5
5.1
60.1
59.5
58.9
58.3
57.7
57.0
56.4
55.8
55.2
54.6
53.9
53.3
52.7
52.1
236.4
15.0
4.7
57.4
56.8
56.1
55.4
54.8
54.1
53.4
52.8
52.1
51.4
50.7
50.1
49.4
48.7
15
02/09/2016
Eficienciadecaldera
STDagua fresca h
%Ppurga
sensible 100
STDagua caldera hvapor
%Pradiacinconveccin
T 460 4 Ta 460 4
1.25
0.174 s
0.296 Ts Ta

100 100
pie2 100

combustible
HHV
La eficiencia de combustin menos las prdidas de energa por purga

y radiacinconveccin, equivale a la energa que se aprovecha para
producir vapor o eficiencia de caldera:
caldera combustin %Ppurga en energa %Pradiacin y conveccin
caldera
lb vapor
hr. hvapor hagua alim entacin caldera
galcombustible MBtu
gal.
hr.
Balance de agua de retorno

agua a lim entacin m
condensados m
agua fresca
m
Tanque
condensado
Retorno de condensados
Agua fresca (make up)

Agua alimentacin a caldera
16
02/09/2016
CASO
flujo alim entacin 100
flujo condensados 48
lb
y temperatura 145F
min
lb
y temperatura 200F
min
Deter minar flujo de agua fresca y su temperatura

Balance total :
agua a lim entacin m

condensados m
agua fresca
m
Balance temperatura :
Tagua fresca
agua fresca 52 lb
m
min
lb
lb
lb
100 min 145F 48 min 200F 52 min Tagua fresca
lb
lb
100 min 145F 48 min 200F
94.23F
lb
52 min
caldera
lbmvapor
hvapor hagua caldera

h
gal.comb.
HHV
hr
Caballos de vapor y % de carga

lbmvapor
hvapor hagua alim entacin caldera

h
Bhp
lbmvapor
Btu
970.3
34.50
h
lbm
Bhp utilizados
%c arga
100
Bhp
no
minales
17
02/09/2016
Costo 1,000 libras vapor
Q
CEC
gal
hvapor ha.a.c
MBtu
HHV gal caldera
Q
Costo Vapor
1,000 lbs vapor
1,000
CLCULOVAPORGENERADOYCOSTODE1,000
LIBRASDEVAPOR
DATOS
Eficienciacaldera=78%
Bnkerconsumido=100gal/h
Costobnker=8.00Q/gal
Podercalorfico=150,000Btu/gal
Vaporproducidoa155psigsaturado
Aguaentrandoalacalderaa162.21f
Determinarelcostode1,000librasdevapor
18
02/09/2016
poder calorfico bnker 150,000
hvapor 170 psia saturado 1,193.8
Btu
MBtu
0.15
gal
gal
Btu
lb
hagua a lim entacin caldera 162.21 F 130.17
Btu
lb
Btu
Btu
Btu
H 1,193.8
130.17
1,063.63
lb
lb
lb
gal
Btu
5 Btu
Energa consumida 100
150,000
150x10
h
gal
h
Energa utilizada para producir vapor

Btu
Btu
0.78 150x105
117x105
h
h
lb
Btu
Vapor generado =
117x105
h
1,063.63 Btu
= 11,000
lb vapor
h
8.00
Btu
Btu
gal
1,193.8
130.17
0.15
MBtu
lb
lb
0.78
gal
Costo Vapor
1,000
Q 72.7278
1,000 lbs vapor
19

Generación Vapor

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02/09/2016

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

USOS DEL VAPOR EN LA INDUSTRIA

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

Para determinar la eficiencia de combustin se utilizan

Tablas de eficiencia de combustin

Doctor Mario Santizo

Tablas de eficiencia de combustin

Doctor Mario Santizo

Tablas de eficiencia de combustin

Doctor Mario Santizo

Tablas de eficiencia de combustin

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

La eficiencia de combustin menos las prdidas de energa por purga

caldera combustin %Ppurga en energa %Pradiacin y conveccin

Doctor Mario Santizo

Balance de agua de retorno

Agua fresca (make up)

Deter minar flujo de agua fresca y su temperatura

agua a lim entacin m

100 min 145F 48 min 200F 52 min Tagua fresca

100 min 145F 48 min 200F

Doctor Mario Santizo

hvapor hagua caldera

Caballos de vapor y % de carga

hvapor hagua alim entacin caldera

Doctor Mario Santizo

Costo 1,000 libras vapor

Doctor Mario Santizo

Doctor Mario Santizo

poder calorfico bnker 150,000

hvapor 170 psia saturado 1,193.8

hagua a lim entacin caldera 162.21 F 130.17

Doctor Mario Santizo

Energa utilizada para producir vapor

Doctor Mario Santizo

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