Acolumnpadbaseissubjecttoanaxialloadof200kN(dead)plus300kN(imposed),andabending

momentof40kNm.Tosuitsiteconstraints,thebaseislimitedtoalengthofL=1.8m.
Loadeccentricity
Whenmomentsactonafoundation,itisnormaltoreplacethembypositioningtheverticalloadatan
equivalenteccentricity.Theresultantverticalsuperstructureloadis

P=G+Q
=200+300
=500kN

QasapercentageofPis100Q/P=(100300)/500=60%.
From"Fig.11.22Combinedpartialsafetyfactorfordead+imposedloads",thecombinedpartialfactor
forsuperstructureloadsisP=1.52.
Theresultanteccentricityisgivenby

Bearingpressurecheckdesignchartapproach
AsuitablebasesizecanbecheckedorcalculatedusingdesignchartH.1inAppendixH.Forthepurpose
ofthisexamplethisisreproducedinFig.11.26below.Assumingasuperstructurebearingpressureofp=
na=300kN/m2,

AssumingabaselengthofL=1.8m,

FromFig.11.26,thisgivesarequiredbaseareaof

A=BL=2.1m2

Thus

AwidthofB=1.2mwillbeadopted.

Bearingpressurecheckcalculationapproach

TheeccentricityeP=0.08mislessthanL/6=1.8/6=0.3m,andthustheformationisloadedin
compressionoverthefullplanareaofthebase.AssumeawidthofB=1.2m.

Thuspmax=293kN/m2andpmin=169kN/m2.Thesearelessthantheallowablebearingpressureof
na=300kN/m2;thewidthofB=1.2misthereforesatisfactory.

Resultantultimatedesignpressures
Sincethebaseisfullyincompression,ultimatedesignpressures,pu,areobtainedbysimplyfactoringup
thesepressuresusingthecombinedpartialsafetyfactorP.

ThisisshowninFig.11.27.

Effectofoffsettingthebase
Wherethemomentalwaysactsinonedirection,economiesinthebasesizecanbeachievedby
positioningthebaseeccentrictotheverticalload.ThusifthecentroidofthebaseisoffsetbyeP=0.08
m,thepressurebecomesuniform,andissimplygivenbyp=P/A.Thiswouldgive

ComparedtoA=1.81.2=2.16m2,thiswouldbeareductionof23%.ThisapproachisusedinDesign
Example8.


Fig.11.26Padbase(smalleccentricity)designexampledesignchartH1(AppendixH)forbasesize.

Fig. 11.27 Pad base (small eccentricity) design example

loads and bearing pressures.