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This tutorial includes:
23.1.Tutorial Features
23.2. Overview of the Problem to Solve
23.3. Before You Begin
23.4. Creating the Project
23.5. Adding Analysis Systems to the Project
23.6. Adding a New Material for the Project
23.7. Adding Geometry to the Project
23.8. Defining the Physics in the Mechanical Application
23.9. Completing the Setup for the Structural System
23.10. Creating Named Selections on the Fluid Body
23.11. Generating the Mesh for the Fluid System
23.12. Defining the Physics and ANSYS Multi-field Settings in ANSYS CFX-Pre
23.13. Obtaining a Solution Using CFX-Solver Manager
23.14. Viewing Results in CFD-Post
Feature
Details
CFX-Pre
User Mode
General mode
Analysis Type
Transient
ANSYS Multi-field
Fluid Type
General Fluid
Domain Type
Single Domain
Turbulence Model
Laminar
Heat Transfer
None
Output Control
Monitor Points
Transient Results File
Boundary Conditions
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Feature
Details
Wall: No Slip
Wall: Adiabatic
CFD-Post
Timestep
Transient
Plots
Animation
Contour
Vector
An initial pressure of 100 Pa is applied to one side of the thin plate for 0.5 seconds in order to distort
it. Once this pressure is released, the plate oscillates backwards and forwards as it attempts to regain
its equilibrium (vertical) position. The surrounding fluid damps the plate oscillations, thereby decreasing
the amplitude of oscillations with time. The CFX solver calculates how the fluid responds to the motion
of the plate, and the ANSYS solver calculates how the plate deforms as a result of both the initial applied
pressure and the pressure resulting from the presence of the fluid. Coupling between the two solvers
is required since the structural deformation affects the fluid solution, and the fluid solution affects the
structural deformation.
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2.
Select the path to your working directory to store files created during this tutorial.
For details, see Preparing a Working Directory (p. 444).
4.
Expand the Analysis Systems option in the toolbox, located on the left side of the ANSYS Workbench
window, and select the Transient Structural template. Double-click the template, or drag it onto the
Project Schematic to create a stand-alone system.
A Transient Structural system is added to the Project Schematic, with its name selected and ready
to be renamed.
2.
Type in the new name, Structural, to replace the selected text. This name will be used while referring
to the Transient Structural system in this tutorial.
If you missed seeing the selected text, right-click the first cell in the system and select Rename as
shown in the following figure. The name will then be selected and ready to change.
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445
3.
Now right-click the Setup cell in the Structural system and select Transfer Data to New > Fluid Flow
(CFX).
A Fluid Flow system, coupled to the ANSYS system, is added to the Project Schematic.
4.
Change the name of this system to Fluid; this name will be used while referring to the Fluid Flow
(CFX) system in this tutorial.
For this tutorial, the Solution and Results cells of the Structural system will be removed because they
are not used for this two-way FSI analysis. This tutorial relies on the solution and results generated in
the Fluid system, which you have already connected to the Structural system.
Remove the Solution and Results cells from the Structural system as follows:
1.
In the Structural system, right-click the Solution cell and select Delete.
2.
Click OK on the dialog box to confirm the deletion of the cell with the solution data from the Structural
system.
The Solution and Results cells disappear from the Structural system. The updated project is shown
in Figure 23.1: Project setup for two-way FSI analysis (p. 446).
Figure 23.1: Project setup for two-way FSI analysis
3.
446
Now from the main menu, select File > Save to save the project setup.
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On the Project Schematic, double-click the Engineering Data cell in the Structural system.
The Outline and Properties windows appear.
2.
In the Outline of Schematic A2: Engineering Data window, click the empty row at the bottom of the
table to add a new material for the project. Type in the name Plate.
Plate is created and appears with a blue question mark (?), indicating that plate properties need
to be defined.
3.
Now from the toolbox located on the left side of the ANSYS Workbench window, expand Physical
Properties. Select Density and drag it onto the cell containing Plate in the Outline of Schematic A2:
Engineering Data window.
Density is added as the plate property in the Properties of Outline Row 4: Plate window, as shown
in the following figure.
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4.
In the Properties of Outline Row 4: Plate window, set Density to 2550 [kg m^-3].
5.
Similarly, from the Linear Elastic toolbox, drag Isotropic Elasticity onto Plate in the Outline of
Schematic A2: Engineering Data window.
Isotropic Elasticity is added as the plate property in the Properties of Outline Row 4: Plate window.
6.
In the Properties of Outline Row 4: Plate window, expand Isotropic Elasticity by clicking on the plus
sign. Now set Youngs Modulus to 2.5e06 [Pa] and Poissons Ratio to 0.35.
Now the desired plate data is created and will be available to remaining cells in the Structural system.
The next step is to set Plate as the default material for the analysis as outlined below:
1.
In the Outline of Schematic A2: Engineering Data window, under Material, right-click Plate to open
the shortcut menu.
2.
3.
Now from the main menu, select File > Save to save material settings to the project.
Now from the ANSYS Workbench toolbar, click Return to Project to close the Engineering Data workspace
and return to the Project Schematic. The Outline and Properties windows disappear.
448
On the Project Schematic, right-click the Geometry cell in the Structural system and select Import
Geometry > Browse.
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In the Open dialog box, select OscillatingPlate.agdb from your working directory, and click
Open.
For details, see Preparing a Working Directory (p. 444).
3.
In the Structural system, double-click the Geometry cell to edit the geometry using DesignModeler.
Note
Because the Geometry cell in the Structural system shares its content with the Geometry
cell in the Fluid system, the latter cannot be edited.
In DesignModeler, the Tree Outline contains two bodies, Fluid and Solid, under the branch named 2
Parts, 2 Bodies, as shown in the following figure.
The Fluid body appears in a suppressed state, shown with an x mark, implying that the body is not
visible. When a body is suppressed in DesignModeler, its model data is not exported to subsequent
cells in the analysis systems.
For this tutorial, all bodies will be unsuppressed in DesignModeler so that all geometry data is transferred
to the subsequent cells in the Structural and Fluid systems. Later in the tutorial, the Fluid and Solid
bodies will be suppressed selectively in the Structural and Fluid systems, respectively, before generating
an appropriate structural or fluid mesh.
1.
In the Tree Outline, right-click the Fluid body and select Unsuppress Body.
The Fluid body is unsuppressed and a green check mark appears next to it in the Tree Outline.
2.
In the Tree Outline, select the branch named 2 Parts, 2 Bodies. Both the Fluid and Solid bodies should
be visible in the Graphics window. Click Zoom to Fit
This finishes the geometry setup for the project. Save these changes by selecting File > Save Project
from the main menu in DesignModeler, and then select File > Close DesignModeler to return to the
Project Schematic.
Now the updated geometry is available for both the Structural and Fluid systems.
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On the Project Schematic, double-click the Model cell in the Structural system.
The Mechanical application appears.
2.
In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model > Geometry in the tree view.
Two geometries, Fluid and Solid, appear in the tree view. Click Zoom to Fit
model in the Graphics window.
For the Structural system, the mesh must be generated from the Solid body. As such, the Fluid
body will be suppressed before the mesh generation operation.
3.
Right-click the Fluid geometry and select Suppress Body from the shortcut menu.
The Fluid body becomes suppressed and its status changes to an x mark. Click Zoom to Fit
re-size the model suitable for viewing in the Graphics window.
4.
to
In the tree view, right-click Mesh and select Generate Mesh from the shortcut menu.
The hex mesh is generated.
In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model > Geometry in the tree view and select Solid.
The details of Solid appear in the details view below the Outline tree view.
2.
In the details view, ensure that Material > Assignment is set to Plate. Otherwise, click the material
name and use the arrow that appears next to the material name to make appropriate changes.
In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model > Transient in the tree view and select Analysis
Settings.
The details of Analysis Settings appear in the details view below the Outline tree view.
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In the details view, specify the following settings under Step Controls:
Note
Do not type in units while entering data for the time settings, Time Step and Step End
Time.
Set Auto Time Stepping to Off
Set Time Step to 0.1
Set Step End Time to 5.
In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model and right-click Transient in the tree view and
select Insert > Fixed Support from the shortcut menu.
2.
In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model and right-click Transient in the tree view and
select Insert > Fluid Solid Interface from the shortcut menu.
2.
Using the same face-selection procedure described earlier in Fixed Support (p. 451), select the three
faces of the geometry that form the interface between the structural model and the fluid model (lowx, high-y and high-x faces) by holding down Ctrl to select multiple faces.
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In the Mechanical application, expand Project > Model and right-click Transient in the tree view and
select Insert > Pressure from the shortcut menu.
2.
3.
In the details view, select Magnitude, and using the arrow that appears, select Tabular data.
4.
Under Tabular Data at the bottom right of the Mechanical application window, set a pressure of 100
in the table row corresponding to a time of 0.
Note
Do not type in units while entering the tabular data. The units for time and pressure in
this table are the global units of [s] and [Pa], respectively.
5.
You now need to add two new rows to the table. This can be done by typing the new time and pressure
data into the empty row at the bottom of the table, and rows will be automatically re-ordered based
on the time value. Enter a pressure of 100 for a time value of 0.499, and a pressure of 0 for a time
value of 0.5.
This gives a step function for pressure that can be seen in the chart to the left of the table.
The settings for structural physics are now complete. Save these settings by selecting File > Save Project
from the main menu, and select File > Close Mechanical to close the Mechanical application and return
to the Project Schematic.
In the Structural system, right-click the Setup cell and select Update from the shortcut menu.
The status of the Setup cell changes to up-to-date. Now all cells in the Structural system should
appear in an up-to-date state.
2.
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Now from the main menu, select File > Save to save the project.
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On the Project Schematic, right-click the Mesh cell in the Fluid system and select Edit to open the
model in the Meshing application.
2.
In the Meshing application, expand Project > Model > Geometry in the tree view.
Two items, Fluid and Solid, appear under the Geometry tree object.
3.
Right-click the Solid body and select Suppress Body from the shortcut menu.
The Solid body becomes suppressed and its status changes to an x mark.
4.
5.
6.
Type in Sym1 for the name of the selection group and click OK.
7.
Following the same procedure, create Sym2 by selecting the low-z face.
8.
Finally, create a Named Selection named Interface, selecting the three faces that make contact with
the solid geometry (the plate).
Note
Hold the Ctrl key to select multiple faces.
This finishes the creation of Named Selections on the Fluid body. Do not close the Meshing application
yet; the tutorial continues to set up mesh settings and generate a mesh for the Fluid system in the next
section.
In the Meshing application, expand Project > Model > Geometry in the tree view.
Two geometries, Fluid and Solid, appear under Geometry.
2.
In the tree view, expand Project > Model > Mesh and ensure that the Mesh branch does not contain
any objects. Otherwise, right-click such objects and select Delete from the shortcut menu.
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4.
In the details view, set Sizing > Use Advanced Size Function to Off.
5.
6.
Now in the tree view, right-click Mesh and select Insert > Method from the shortcut menu.
Automatic Method is added to the Mesh branch in the tree view. In the details view, Apply and
Cancel buttons appear next to the Geometry property.
7.
Click anywhere on the geometry in the viewer to select the Fluid body.
8.
9.
In the details view, set the following mesh settings in the following order:
1. Set Definition > Method to Sweep.
2. Set Free Face Mesh Type to All Tri.
3. Set Sweep Num Divs to 1.
10. Now in the tree view, right-click Mesh and select Update from the shortcut menu.
The mesh is generated.
11. This finishes the mesh generation for the Fluid system. From the main menu, select File > Save Project
to save these changes to the project, and then select File > Close Meshing to return to the Project
Schematic.
23.12. Defining the Physics and ANSYS Multi-field Settings in ANSYS CFXPre
This section describes the step-by-step definition of the flow physics and ANSYS Multi-field settings in
the following sections:
23.12.1. Setting the Analysis Type
23.12.2. Creating the Fluid
23.12.3. Creating the Domain
23.12.4. Creating the Boundaries
23.12.5. Setting Initial Values
23.12.6. Setting Solver Control
23.12.7. Setting Output Control
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Note
When ANSYS CFX-Pre is started, two errors will be displayed; these can be ignored because
they will be fixed in the next steps of the tutorial.
1.
On the Project Schematic, double-click the Setup cell in the Fluid system to launch the ANSYS CFX-Pre
application.
2.
In ANSYS CFX-Pre, right-click Analysis Type in the Outline tree view and select Edit.
3.
Setting
Value
Basic
Settings
ANSYS MultiField
Total Time
5 [s]
Timesteps
0.1 [s]
Transient
Coupling
Time Duration
Coupling
Timesteps
Once the timesteps and time duration are specified for the ANSYS Multi-field run (coupling run), CFX automatically picks up
these settings and it is not possible to set the timestep and time duration independently. Hence the only option available for
Time Duration is Coupling Time Duration, and similarly for the related settings Time Step and Initial Time.
4.
Click OK.
1.
Click Material
2.
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Setting
Value
Basic
Settings
Option
Pure Substance
Thermodynamic State
(Selected)
Liquid
1 [kg kmol^-
Material
Properties
1]
Equation of State > Density
1 [kg m^-3]
b
(Selected)
0.2 [Pa s]
The molar mass is not used for this tutorial setup and has been set only for the completeness of the fluid property.
The fluid properties are chosen to ensure that the plate generates a reasonable amplitude of vibration that doesn't decay too
fast under the influence of fluid.
3.
Click OK.
Edit Case Options > General in the Outline tree view and ensure that Automatic Default Domain
is turned on. A domain named Default Domain should now appear under the Simulation branch.
2.
Setting
Value
Basic Settings
Fluid 1
Fluid
1 [atm]
None
None (Laminar)
Fluid Models
a
3.
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The reference pressure has no effect on this simulation so leave it as the default.
Click OK.
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2.
Setting
Value
Basic Settings
Boundary Type
Wall
Location
Interface
ANSYS MultiField
FSIN_1
Total Force
Boundary Details
3.
Click OK.
2.
457
Setting
Value
Basic Settings
Boundary Type
Symmetry
Location
Sym1
3.
Click OK.
4.
5.
6.
Tab
Setting
Value
Basic Settings
Boundary Type
Symmetry
Location
Sym2
Click OK.
1.
2.
Setting
Value
Global Settings
0 [m s^-1]
0 [m s^-1]
0 [m s^-1]
0 [Pa]
3.
These settings ensure that the fluid is at rest initially, and the flow is generated by the initial motion of the plate.
Click OK.
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1.
2.
Setting
Value
Basic Settings
Second Order
Backward Euler
Before CFX
Fields
FZ
(Selected)
(Selected)
1a
UZ
(Selected)
(Selected)
External Coupling
Since the Z component of both the force (FZ) and resultant displacement (UZ) are negligible for this 2D case, their convergence
targets are set to large values in order to negate their influence when determining load convergence.
3.
Click OK.
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3.
4.
Setting
Value
Option
Selected Variables
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
Click OK.
The settings for fluid physics are now complete. From the main menu, select File > Save Project to
save these changes to the project, and select File > Close CFX-Pre to close ANSYS CFX-Pre and return
to the Project Schematic.
On the Project Schematic, double-click the Solution cell in the Fluid system to launch the ANSYS CFXSolver Manager application.
ANSYS Workbench generates the CFX-Solver input file and passes it to ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager.
2.
460
In ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager, ensure that Define Run dialog box is displayed.
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On the MultiField tab, ANSYS Input File is set automatically by ANSYS Workbench.
4.
On UNIX systems, you may need to manually specify where the ANSYS installation is if it is not in the
default location. In this case, you must provide the path to the v145/ansys directory.
5.
Note
On the Run Definition tab, the Initialization Option field is set to Current Solution Data
(if possible), its default setting. These runs use the results from any previous solution run
as initial values for a subsequent update. This may not be desirable when restarting transient
runs, which typically need to start from the initial conditions specified in the Setup cell. See
Properties View in the CFX Introduction for more details.
The run begins by some initial processing of the ANSYS Multi-field input which results in the creation
of a file containing the necessary multi-field commands for ANSYS, and then the ANSYS Solver is started.
The CFX Solver is then started in such a way that it knows how to communicate with the ANSYS Solver.
After the run is under way, two new plots appear in ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager:
ANSYS Field Solver (Structural) This plot is produced only when the solid physics is set to use large
displacements or when other non-linear analyses are performed. It shows convergence of the ANSYS
Solver. Full details of the quantities are described in the ANSYS user documentation. In general, the CRIT
quantities are the convergence criteria for each relevant variable, and the L2 quantities represent the L2
Norm of the relevant variable. For convergence, the L2 Norm should be below the criteria. The x-axis of
the plot is the cumulative iteration number for ANSYS, which does not correspond to either timesteps or
stagger iterations. Several ANSYS iterations will be performed for each timestep, depending on how quickly
ANSYS converges. You will usually see a somewhat spiky plot, as each quantity will be unconverged at
the start of each timestep, and then convergence will improve.
ANSYS Interface Loads (Structural) This plot shows the convergence for each quantity that is part of
the data exchanged between the CFX and ANSYS Solvers. Six lines appear, corresponding to three force
components (FX, FY, and FZ) and three displacement components (UX, UY, and UZ). Each quantity is
converged when the plot shows a negative value. The x-axis of the plot corresponds to the cumulative
number of stagger iterations (coupling iterations) and there are several of these for every timestep. Again,
a spiky plot is expected as the quantities will not be converged at the start of a timestep.
The ANSYS out file is displayed in ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager as an extra tab. Similar to the CFX out
file, this is a text file recording output from ANSYS as the solution progresses.
1.
Click the User Points tab and watch how the top of the plate displaces as the solution develops.
When the solver run has finished, a completion message appears in a dialog box.
2.
Click OK.
From the main menu, select File > Close CFX-Solver Manager to close ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager
and return to the Project Schematic.
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Turn on the visibility of ANSYS at 5s > Default Domain > Default Boundary.
2.
Right-click a blank area in the viewer and select Predefined Camera > View From +Z.
3.
4.
5.
Setting
Value
Color
Mode
Variable
Variable
6.
Click Apply.
7.
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9.
The corresponding transient results are loaded and you can see the mesh move in both the CFX and
ANSYS regions.
1.
Turn off the visibility of ANSYS at 0.8s > Default Domain > Default Boundary.
2.
3.
Using the Timestep Selector dialog box, load time value 1 [s].
This is the time at which the maximum total mesh displacement occurs.
This verifies that the contours of Total Mesh Displacement are continuous through both the
ANSYS and CFX regions.
Many FSI cases will have only relatively small mesh displacements, which can make visualization of the
mesh displacement difficult. CFD-Post enables you to visually magnify the mesh deformation for ease
of viewing such displacements. Although it is not strictly necessary for this case, which has mesh displacements that are easily visible unmagnified, this is illustrated by the next few instructions.
1.
Using the Timestep Selector dialog box, load time value 0.1 [s].
2.
3.
Using the Timestep Selector dialog box, ensure that the time value of 0.1 [s] is loaded.
2.
3.
4.
Edit Sym2
5.
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Setting
Value
Color
Mode
Variable
Variable
Pressure
6.
Click Apply.
7.
Create a vector plot with Locations set to Sym1, Variable set to Velocity, Color set to Constant,
and a color of black.
8.
Turn on the visibility of ANSYS at 0.1s > Default Domain > Default Boundary.
9.
Click New
2.
3.
Load the last time step (50) using the Timestep Selector dialog box.
4.
Click New
to create KeyframeNo1.
to create KeyframeNo2.
The # of Frames parameter has no effect for the last keyframe, so leave it at the default value.
5.
6.
7.
Click Browse
next to Save Movie to set a path and file name for the movie file.
If the file path is not given, the file will be saved in the directory from which CFD-Post was
launched.
8.
Click Save.
The movie file name (including path) will be set, but the movie will not be created yet.
9.
If frame 1 is not loaded (shown in the F: text box in the middle of the Animation dialog box), click
to load it.
To Beginning
Wait for CFD-Post to finish loading the objects for this frame before proceeding.
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