2.

Ariketak

GUTXIENEZKO ARIKETAK
1.

For the propylene-propane separation of Figure 2.1, using the

thermodynamic properties and the relations given, compute in SI units:
the condenser duty, Qc;
the reboiler duty, QR;
the irreversible entropy production, asumming 303 K for the condenser
cooling-water sink and 378 K for the reboiler steam source;
the lost work, assuming T0= 303 K;
the minimum work of separation; and
the second-law efficiency.

Figure 2.1

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2.

Estimate the K-values and relative volatility of a vapor-liquid mixture of

water (W) and methane (M) at P=2 atm, T= 20 and 80 C. What is the
effect of T on the component distribution?

3.

Styrene is manufactured by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,

followed by vacuum distillation to separate styrene from unreacted
ethylbenzene. Typical conditions for the feed are 77.5 C and 100 torr, with
the following vapor and liquid flows at equilibrium:

Cp (J/kmol K)
AR
BR
CR
DR
ER
ln Ps (Pa)
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
k6
k7

Ethylbenzene
Styrene
[A+BT +CT^2+DT^3+ET^4]R
-43098,9
-28248,3
707,15
615,88
-0,4811
-0,4023
1,30E-004
9,94E-005
0
0
k1+k 2/(k3+T)+k4T+k 5lnT+k6Tk7
86,5008
-7440,61
0
0,00623121
-9,87052
4,13E-018
6

130,542
-9141,07
0
0,0143369
-17,0918
1,84E-018
6

Assuming that the ideal-gas, ideal-liquid-solution model is suitable at this

low pressure, estimate values of V, V, hV, sV, L, L, hL and sL in SI units,
and the K-values and relative volatility, .
4.

Petroleum refining begins with distillation of crude oil into different boilingrange fractions. The fraction boiling from 100 to 200 C, the heavy
naphtha, undergoes steam cracking, which produces a gas containing
ethylene, propylene and other compounds including benzene and toluene.
This gas is sent to a distillation train to separate the mixture into a dozen
or more products. In the first column, hydrogen and methane are removed
by distillation at 3.2 MPa. At a tray in the column where the temperature is
4.4 C, use Figure 2.2 to estimate K-values for H2, CH4, C2H4 and C3H6.

5.

Use the RK equation to estimate the specific volume of a vapor mixture of

propane/benzene containing 26.92 wt% propane at 400 F and a
saturation pressure of 410.3 psia. Compare the results with the
experimental data of Glanville et al1.

Glanville, J.W., Sage, B.H., Lacey, W.N., Ind. Eng. Chem., 42, 508-513 (1950).

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Fig. 2.2
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6.

In the thermal hydrodealkylation of toluene to benzene (C 7H8 + H2 C6H6 +

CH4), excess hydrogen minimizes cracking of aromatics to light gases. In
practice, conversion of toluene per pass through the reactor is only 70%.
To separate and recycle hydrogen, hot reactor-effluent vapor of 5597
kmol/h (xH= 0.3177, xM=0.5894, xB=0.0715 and xT=0.0214) at 500 psia
and 275 F is partially condensed to 120 F, with phases separated in a
flash drum. In the composition of the reactor effluent is as given below and
the flash pressure is 485 psia, calculate equilibrium compositions and flow
rates of vapor and liquid leaving the drum and the amount of heat
transferred, using PRO II simulation program for each of the equation-ofstate models available. Compare the results, including K-values and
enthalpy and entropy changes.

7.

The sharp separation of benzene and cyclohexane by distillation at

ambient pressure is impossible because the formation of an azeotrope at
77.6 C. Chao obtained the following vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the
benzene(B)/cyclohexane(CH) system at 1 atm:

a) Use the data to calculate and plot the relative volatility of benzene with
respect to cyclohexane versus benzene composition in the liquid phase.
What happens to the relative volatility in the vicinity of the azeotrope?
b) From the azeotropic composition for the benzene/cyclohexane system,
calculate the constants in the van Laar equation. With these constants,
use the van Laar equation to compute the activity coefficients over the
entire range of composition and compare them in a plot with the above
experimental data. How well does the van Laar equation predict the
activity coefficients?

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1,4

80,0

1,4
B
Bth
CHth
CH

1,2

79,5

xB
yB

79,0

1,3

1,0
0,8

78,5

1,2

0,6

78,0

0,4

77,5

1,1

0,2

77,0

0,0

76,5
0,0

0,0
0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,0
0,0

xB

1,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

xB

xB, yB

ARIKETA OSAGARRIAK
Henley, E.J., Seader, J.D., Roper, D.K., Separation Process Principles, 3rd Ed.,
International Student Version, John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Chapter 2:
Thermodynamics.
2.1
Wmin = 2.06106 kJ/h
2.2
Wmin = 9.23105 BTU/h
2.3
a)

QL = 2.69107 kJ/h

b)

Sirr = 17552 kJ/h K

c)

LW = 5.23106 kJ/h

d)

Wmin = 1.68105 kJ/h

e)

= 3.1%

a)

Sirr = 9099.3 BTU/h R

b)

LW = 4.88106 BTU/h

c)

Wmin = -4.97106 BTU/h

2.4

2.6
Kexp

KRaoult

propane

2.293

2.786

i-pentane

0.472

0.399

4.860

6.990

Kexp

i(n)

0.046

21.951

17.753

17.753

2.7
isocianate
furfural

0.00257
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2.8
LBz = 1.18; LCyc = 2.33; LCCl4 = 1.34; LnC6 = 2.97; LH2O = 1.93105
2.10
1,3
iP,nPthe
iP,nPexp

1,25

1,2

1,15

1,1

1,05
320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

T (K)

2.11
Q = 3.15107 kJ/h
2.12
VL = 9.1310-5 m3/mol
L = 892.2 kg/m3
2.13
VL = 1.3810-4 m3/mol
L = 432.5 kg/m3
2.14
Q = 2.30107 kJ/h
2.15
K

Phase

17.0

H2S

3.1

CO2

5.5

CH4

8.0

C2H6

3.0

C3H8

1.5

nC4H10

0.71

nC5H12

0.34

C6H14

0.19

C7H14

0.10

N2

2.16
T = 301.5 K
2.17
F = 5768.6 ft3/h; P = 4124.6 ft3/h; W = 5842.7 ft3/h;
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2.18
C3 = 0.93; C3 = 0.70
2.20
SRK

PR

NV (lbmol/h)

2092,58

2089,59

NL (lbmol/h)

2473,42

2476,41

H2
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOLUENE
PXYLENE
L
Ni (lbmol/h)

1878,62
196,39
10,54
3,80
2,87
0,36

1878,32
193,15
10,46
4,10
3,16
0,40

H2
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOLUENE
PXYLENE

21,38
18,61
6,46
573,20
1346,13
507,64

21,68
21,85
6,54
572,90
1345,84
507,60

H2
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOLUENE
PXYLENE
Qcw (BTU/h)

103,9
12,48
1,93
0,00783
0,00252
0,00085

102,7
10,47
1,90
0,00849
0,00278
0,00094

16542481,096

16202698,5

NiV (lbmol/h)

2.21
a) Wmin = 413.0 J/mol
b) Wmin = 1396.6 J/mol
2.23
9,0
EtOHth
EtOHexp
Bzexp
Bzth

8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

xEtOH

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2.24
1,0

25
van Laar 1
van Laar 2
Wilson 1
Wilson 2

20
15

0,6

10

0,4

0,2

0
0,0

van Laar
Wilson

0,8

0,0
0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0,0

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

x EtOH

x1

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