Chronic cervicitis

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus extending about

an inch into the vaginal canal. Most commonly, cervicitis is the result of an infection, although it

can also be caused by injury or irritation (a reaction to the chemicals in douches and

contraceptives, for example, or a forgotten tampon).

The first symptom of cervicitis is likely to be a vaginal discharge that becomes more

pronounced immediately following your menstrual period. Other signs include bleeding, itching,

or irritation of the external genitals; pain during intercourse; a burning sensation during

urination; and lower back pain. In its mildest form, you may not notice any symptoms at all, but

a more severe case of cervicitis can cause a profuse, almost puslike, discharge with an unpleasant

odor, accompanied by intense vaginal itchiness or abdominal pain. If the infection gets into your

system, you may also have fever and nausea.

Etiology and pathopysiology

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the vagina, cervix, and normally an inflammation is our

body’s normal responsive defense following injury, irritation, or infection. The woman’s

resistance may also be decrease as a result of aging, poor nutrition, and the use of drugs (e.g.

antibiotic, hormone) that alter the bacterial flora or mucosa. Organism gain entrance to the areas

through contaminated hands, clothing, and douche tips and during intercourse, surgery, and
childbirth. Moreover, white blood cells increases and mobilizes for which blood circulation

increases causing a reddened and swollen appearance.

Sign and symptom

The following are the most common symptoms of cervicitis. However, each individual may

experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include the following:

 purulent discharge (containing pus)

 pelvic pain

 backache

 urinary problems

 vaginal bleeding,

 Painful intercourse

 Vaginal pain

 Itching

 Burning sensation while urinating

 Vaginal spotting or bleeding after sexual intercourse and low back or vaginal pain during

intercourse.

Since infections within the vagina are easily passed to the cervix, where the infecting

organism is harbored, the tissue of the cervix can become inflamed and/or form cervical erosion,

or open sore. One early sign of this is a pus-like vaginal discharge. In addition, as the cervical

erosion worsens, cervical ulceration may develop. However, the first initial symptom is vaginal

discharge which may become unusually profuse following a menstruation.

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Risk factor

 Multiple sexual partners.

 Diabetes mellitus.
 Acute or recurrent vaginitis.

Diagnostic test

Diagnostic tests may include a culture of the cervical discharge and laboratory blood studies.

Treatment involves destruction of abnormal cells with cryosurgery (destruction of abnormal

tissue by applying freezing temperatures, usually with liquid nitrogen); or electrocautery

(destruction of tissue by heat applied with a controlled electric current), or laser treatment.
Surgery (hysterectomy) for widespread tissue destruction (rare), if not responding to above

treatment.

 Pap test - test that involves microscopic examination of cells collected from the cervix;

used to detect changes that may be cancerous or may lead to cancer, and to show

noncancerous conditions, such as infection or inflammation.

  Biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples are removed from the body for examination

under a microscope; to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

 culture of cervical discharge

 Suggestive symptoms.

 History and pelvic exam by a doctor.

 Laboratory studies, such as a Pap smear and culture of the discharge.

 Biopsy of the cervix, in some cases.

Treatment

 your age, overall health, and medical history

 extent of the disease

 type and severity of the symptoms

 your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

 expectations for the course of the disease

 your opinion or preference

Medication

Your doctor may prescribe antiviral or antibiotic vaginal creams or suppositories to fight

infection, in addition to oral medications

Prevention

 Limit your sexual contacts; know the history of your partner; and make condoms a

routine part of sex.

 See your doctor immediately if your partner has been diagnosed with urethritis or if he

has symptoms of the condition (pain or burning during urination, a thin discharge from

the penis, or a stain on his or her underwear).

 See your doctor immediately if you notice a vaginal discharge or any kind of lower

abdominal pain.

 See your doctor for a complete physical exam annually, regardless of whether or not you

are experiencing any symptoms.

 Treat vaginal infections immediately before they have a chance to spread to your cervix.

 Avoid chemical irritants in deodorized tampons, douches, or sprays.

Nursing care

The goal of nursing care are to treat the infection and prevent complication. In planning

and implementing nursing care plan of patient have chronic cervicitis, the nurse need consider

the lifestyle, access to health care, and education level of patient.

Nursing assessment

 Assess the client for the need of pap smear or other test.

 Assess whether client level of pain.

 Assess conditions of client’s vagina (perineum).

 Check client activity order. Note special precautions related to sexual and hygienic

activity.

 Cervicitis can be found in the cervix, vulva, and vagina.

 The patient with any of these cervicitis may experience a variety of clinical

manifestation.

 Including Chlamydia, irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, increase in

abdominal pain, pressure, itching and burning sensation during urination.

 Assessment for these signs and symptoms is an important nursing responsibility.

Nursing diagnoses

 Chronic pain related to inflammation of chronic cervicitis

Patient goal

 Effectively uses analgesics and non analgesic relief measures

 Verbalizes satisfactory pain control.

Intervention.

 Assess patient condition, monitor blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, temperature and inform

staff nurse if any abnormalities toward patient have.

 Perform a comprehensive assessment of pain include location, characteristics onset duration,

frequency, intensity or severity of pain to establish a pattern and baseline assessment and to

plan appropriate intervention.

 Evaluate with patient and health care term, effectiveness of past pain control measure that

have been used to determine what has helped and not helped in the past.

 Suggest o using cool compress. Cold compress relieve itching and pain.
 Use pain control measure before pain become severe to prevent pain from become out of

control,

 Administration the medication that order by doctor such as analgesics or nonanalgesic drug

to control the pain.

Outcome.

 Feel more comfortable in her situation. Patient’s pain is under control after following nursing

care plan that advice by nurse

Nursing diagnosis

 Risk for infection related to lack of knowledge about inadequate personal and genital

hygiene.

Patient goal

 To give information to the patient about hygiene to prevent from infection.

Intervention

 Monitor patient condition especially heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and inform staff

nurse if any abnormalities towards patient have.

 Encourage patient to change her clothes, and wear cotton underwear. Cotton underwear

absorbs moisture and allows better air circulation then other type of material.
 Explain how infection is spread to the cervix and what measures to take to prevent future

infection. Understanding can improve compliance with treatment regimens and perhaps

change high risk behavior

 Explain the need to complete the treatment regimen and the important of the follow up visit.

 Teach proper perineal care to the patient to prevent from infection.

 Provide information about the safe way when doing sexual intercoast.

Outcome

 Patient know about her disease and more careful with her daily life.

Nursing diagnosis

 Low self esteem related to disease.

Patient goal

 To built patient confident and avoid to stress

Intervention

 Monitor patient condition especially environment around patient, health status to prevent

patient feel stress.

 Create an environment where the clients feel respected and safe to discuss question and

concern about the disease and its effect on the patient life. Being treated with respect helps

enhance self-esteem.

 Provide privacy and confidentiality clients are often embarrassed to discuss the intimate

details of their sex life.

 Advise family members to give a moral support to the patient for built patient confident.

Outcome

 Patient feel more confident about her disease.

Picture of chronic cervicitis

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Contents
 Defination chronic cervicitis
 Etiology and pathopysiology
 Sign and symptom
 Risk factor
 Diagnostic test
 Treatment
 Medication
 Prevention
 Nursing care
 Nursing assessment
 Nursing diagnosis
 Picture of chronic cervicitis