CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Living beings in carrying out the activity of his life running the metabolism
in the body. Metabolism that is carried out starting from the cellular level that are
run by mitochondria, until heading to the respiration system Yes g run by the
organ. The process of respiration is closely associated in terms of fulfillment of the
oxygen in the body that will be seen by the blood in the blood vessels. The results
of the faade it is carbon dioxide.
The exchange of gas between the oxygen to carbon dioxide is indispensable
so that the cell respiration continues. Oxygen is obtained by a human being in the
process of respirasinya comes from the atmosphere that is sourced from the cycle
of photosynthesis that plants do. The amount of oxygen that is inhaled by humans
is not 100%, but only 20% ranged where more gases other effluents participated
into the human lung. This is the system in the process of respiration function to
utilize the oxygen into the body and menseleksi the other gases.
Respiratory system in humans begins from the inside of the nose there are fine
hairs that serve to filter particles that are considered able to interfere with
breathing. Next to the entrance of the larynx, pharynx and trachea and bronchi
heading to bronkeulus, and to the alveoli that here there are many air bubbles.
Respiration is a physiological process in the body of the living thing, so the
melibatka many organs, and has a special mechanism. The process of respiration is
controlled by the medulla oblongata. In this case, that regulates the occurrence of
respiratory muscle contraction. Therefore the practical activities is very important
to know how the process of respiration are able to inhale oxygen and release
carbon dioksidan and H20.

B. Purpose
Activity I

: To prove that oxygen is needed in respiration

Activity II

: To prove that in respiration process produce CO2

Activity III

: To prove that in respiration process produce H2O

Activity IV

: To prove that in histology organs hold the oxydation process

Activity V

: To know that the permeability lungs through the gass

C. Practical Benefits
It can be proved that in the process of respiration resulting CO2 and H2o.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In the process of human respiratory and many other living creatures, oxygen is
the most important factor that is needed in this process. And instead of this respiration
results, the resulting absolute molecules are carbon dioxide and water vapor. This can
be evidenced through several experiments using small insects and thus more easily
observed. Where we need to know that the ability of berespirasi every living things
different. It is influenced by several things, such as age, gender, weight, and so on. It's
what aspects influenced the Organization of practical work on respiration. So that we
can prove that oxygen is sorely needed in the process of respiration, while results for
respirasinya will produce carbon dioxide and water vapor (Campbell, 2005).
Respiration is the entire process starting from the inspiration of oxygen by the
lungs, gills or trachea, later the use of oxygen to supply energy into the body's cells,
until the carbon dioxide expectation by the lungs, gills or trachea. The outer or
external respiration respiratory is the overall process of oxygen from the air into the
body's cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells of the body to be returned to the air.

While breathing in or breathing oxygen utilization is the process chain is going on

inside the cells, to obtain the required energy in metabolism (Campbell, 2005).
As we know, in all the activities of living things need energy, plants as well.
Respiration occurs in all parts of the plant body, at a high level of plant respiration
happen either at the root, stem or leaves and chemically in aerobic respiration on
carbohydrates (glucose) is the opposite of photosynthesis. On the respiration of
glucose by burning oxygen right produce energy. Because all parts of the plants are
made up of tissues and tissue composed of cells, then the respiration occurs in cells
(Jasin, 1989).
Respiration also occurs in humans called breathing. The process of inhaling
oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Respiration in humans could have disorders
such as acute respiratory tract infections disease or also known as (RESPIRATORY),
this is one health problem in Indonesia because of the still high number of
RESPIRATORY events especially in young toddlers. To prevent it from being able to
use sanitary home, i.e. public health effort that operates on the supervision of the
physical structure, in which people use as a shelter that affect the degree of human
health. That means, among others, ventilation, temperature, humidity, lighting,
residential natural solids, construction of buildings, means of disposal of garbage,
human waste disposal facility and the provision of clean water (nindya, sulistyorini,
2005).
Breathing occurs due to the pressure difference between the outside air and
the air in the lungs. This distinction arises due to the onset of muscular contraction
that is governed by breathing in the medulla oblonguata. Is a one time breathing is
one inhale and a one time release with the amount of oxygen that is blown on average
500 cc (Munnisa, et al, 2001).

CHAPTER II
OBSERVATION METHOD
A. Day / Date
1. Day/date

: Thursday, June 7th 2016

2. Time

3. Place

: Zoology Laboratory in the third floor of Biology Departement

west
side, Mathematics and Science Faculty, Makassar State
University.
B. Tools and Materials
Activity I
1. Tools
a. Respirometer
b. Cotton
c. Sryinge and spoit
d. Watch
e. Vaseline
2. Materials
a. KOH or NaOH
b. Safrani solution
c. Testing animals
Activity II
1. Tools
a. Pippette
b. Glass
2. Materials
a. Saturated water

b. Aquades
Activity III
1. Tools
a. Mirror
Activity IV
1. Tools
a. Sryinge
b. Surgery tools
c. Watch
2. Materials
a. Metylene Blue
b. NaCl
c. Frog
Activity V
1. Tools
a. Surgery Tools
b. Heasier
c. Test tube
2. Materials
a. Starch solution 5%
b. Buffer solution pH 4,7
c. Regrent Iodine solution
d. Aquades
C. Work Procedures
Activity I
1. Weight the testing animals
2. Put 1-2 seed crystal of KOH or NaOH in respirometer
3. Put the testing animals into respiration and give vaseline in point of tube
4. Places the respirometer

5. Put eusin solution in to capilar pipe of respirometer with 1-2 mm lenght

6. Observe the movement of eusin solution
Activity II
1. Make scatarated compor water with mix the 100 ml aquades with chili. Keep
overmight and filter the sediment.
2. Take aquades and compor water each 5 ml and put in different glass
3. Blow the aquades with pipette for 5 minutes observed the changing happened
Activity III
Blow the mirror
Activity IV
1. Inject 2-3 ml of metylene blue (1:100) into isotosin NaCl system 0,9% into
limphe sac of frog
2. After 30 minutes tail the frog and investigate the histology and organ blood,
muscle, pancreas, heart, liver, limphe, and kidney.
3. If the histology was died, the metylene become blue again.
Activity V
1. Tied the frog lungs in bronchus area after pushed out the gases contained
2. Cut the tied lungs. Put the higher and it in carbonat in test tube
3. Observe the thing changing over the lungs

CHAPTER IV
OBSERVATION RESULT
A. Result
1. Activity I
Minute
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
V0

= 0,03 ml (Grasshopper)
Minute
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

V0

Volume (ml)
0,03
0,03
0,035
0,037
0,037
0,04
0,05
0,08
0,09
0,091

Volume (ml)
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03

= 0,4 ml (Frog)
Minute
1
2
3
4

Volume (ml)
0,1
0,1
0,14
0,18

5
6
7
8
9
10

0,24
0,3
0,36
0,41
0,49
0,58

2. Activity II
Probandus

Compor Solution
Before
After

Aquades
Before

After

Utami

Clear

Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Ade

Clear

Sedimen
Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Clear

Sedimen
Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Kurnia

Clear

Sedimen
Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Wahyuni

Clear

Sedimen
Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Afifah

Clear

Sedimen
Turbid +

Clear

Clear

Puji

Sedimen
3. Actvity III
Probandus
Kurnia
Afifah
Wahyuni
Utami
Puji
Ade
4. Activity IV

H2O
Yes

No
-

Treatment
Injection
30 minutes

Metylene blue colour

Became clear
Became blue

5. Activity V
The lungs became expond or blooming, forming some bubble inside
the lungs, when theput in carbonat water.

B. Discussion
1.

In the first trial conducted activities to prove whether breathing produces

CO2 using lime water. If dipengamatan is any change from the lime water turns
into a murky, while distilled water remains clear. This is because CO2 is released
from respiration bonded with2 COOH is the solution. The reaction that occurs
CaCOH2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (water lime). While in distilled water does not occur
because the resulting compound is not solid. The reaction that occurs is C6H12O6 +
O2 CO2 + H2O.

2.

On teaching the second, i.e., exhale in front of a mirror that makes the
mirror there are air bubbles which prove that respiration produces H20. Reaction
process is C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O.

3. On the activity to know the oxidation of the network in accordance with data
indicated that the organs remain blue. Methylene blue could not be colored on the
network that is still alive, because the oxidation process. Oxidation on the lymph
will cause substances diffuse, methylene blue will not be colored when injected
into the lymphatic sacs, whereas in the organs of the dead will be blue, since
methylene dissolves and settle in the body of the frog. According to Noui tanada
(2009) pencamouran methylene blue and NaCl soluble in methylene will facilitate
networking. This shows the living organs have oxidation activity tingggi.
Methylene blue so colorless, and will be colored if the organ has died.

4. Observation to know the proofed lung permeability towards gas. This is in

accordance with data where the lungs of frogs which are sunk into the solution of
kanji not formed bubble, while sunk in reagent lugol's does not reduce the
permeability of the lungs, this is in accordance with the theories expressed by
Huang Mb (2003) that says that the effect of the aqueous solution of kanji might
inhibit the activity of the cells of the andonul merofal and the restoration done by
huang and hence show that kanji can inhibit quick reaction of p-selective , does
not affect the Ekpha E-selikton, on lps.

CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
a. Limewater becomes cloudy when blown which means respiration produces
CO2.
b. The surface of the mirror showed water vapor and opaque when blown, as
respiratory indications produce H2o.
D. Advice
1. Practical be should systematically and coordinationr in doing practical work,
so that practical walk with just in time.
2. For teaching equipment so that laboran provided in accordance with the
instructions of the book practical penuntuk.
3. The Assistant Should pay more attention to and coordinates the operations of
the practical work done by praktikan.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Campbell, Neil A., Reece, Jane B., Mitchell. 2004. Biology vol. 1. Jakarta: Eason.
Jasin, Maskoeri. 1989. "Public College For Biology". Bina Pustakatama: Surabaya
Mu'nisa. et al. 2014. animal physiology practical Guide. UNM: Makassar
Triska, NI Sulisa, et al. 2005. "the relationship of sanitary House with Incidents of
acute respiratory tract infections (RESPIRATORY) in toddlers". Journal
of environmental health, vol 2 No 1
Syamsuri, Istamar. 1980. "HIGH SCHOOL Biology". Eason: Jakarta.

Attachment

a. The Question I
1. Lime water solution Function in the experiment, namely to form deposits of lime
(CaCo3).
2. Causes of occurrence of white deposits on the solution of lime that is because gas
Co2 has reacted with a solution of lime is forming (CaCo3)
CA (OH)2 + Co2 CaCo3 + H2O
b. Question II
1. Uses a mirror to experiment: to see the presence of dew that was found when
doing the test.
2. Please tell me from where the water vapor!
IE: from the results of breathing, which is in the process of respiration in which
the water vapor that is produced is the result of the reduction of O2.
The reaction equation:
C6H12C6 + 6Oa 2 6Co2 + 6H2O + e-

c. Question III
1. The conclusion obtained from the liveliness of the oskidasi of the various bodies.
Answer:

Liquid/methylene blue is used and disuntikkanke in the organ. The orga = n then
diffuse into the organs and tissues in a frog. Where the Blue Frog organs results
that show changing frog organs caused by oxidation of the network.
d. Question IV
1. What led to changes in the lungs?
Answer:
That causes the namely because of lung soaked in a solution of lugol's changes
(expands). This is because the nature of the cell wall there is the lungs are
permeable so that water and oxygen can easily diffuse.
2. The function of the carbonate in the experiment
Answer:
Karbona carbon dioxide binds i.e. functions so that the lungs in frogs. This causes
the frog against gas permeability.