Adm Math

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014
OBJECTIVES
We students who are taking Additional Mathematics in this oncoming SPM are required
to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5. This project can be done in groups or
individually but each of us is expected to submit an individually written report. Upon completion
of the Additional Mathematics Project Report 2014, we are able to:
apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems whether it is

routine or non-routine.
use the given technology such as ICT effectively and appropriately.
improve thinking skills in mathematics.
develop positive attitude towards mathematics.
promote effective mathematical communication through oral and writing.
develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a way that increases our
interest and confidence.
prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace.
Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan
Page 1
FOREWARD
First of all, I would like to say thanks to Allah for giving me strength and health to carry
out this project work. A lot of thanks I give to my parents who are willing to transport me to a
gold shop to get the latest gold price. Then, tremendous thanks to my teacher, Pn. Nadiah binti
Lani for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. Internet, books, computers, and etc.
They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate
in doing it. Last but not least, my friends who had contributed some ideas in completing the
tasks. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task done.
Page 2
INTRODUCTION
The idea of calculus had been developed earlier in Egypt, Greece, China, India, Iraq,
Persia and Japan. The use of calculus began in Europe, during the 17th century, when Isaac
Newton and Gottfried Wilheim Leibniz built on the work of earlier mathematics to introduce the
basic principles. The development of calculus was built on earlier concepts of instantaneous
motion and area under a curve.
Calculus, in general, is a mathematical study of change. Calculus comes from the Latin
word "calculus", which means small stones used for counting. Calculus are divided into two
major branches, which are differential calculus and integral calculus. Differential calculus
involves in finding the gradient at the certain point on a curve and to find the very small changes
of volume, length, area and many more. Integral calculus is used for computations involving area
under a curve and volume generated from the curve.
The differentiation and integration process are related to each other such that
differentiation is the reverse process of integration and vice versa. Differentiation involves the
decrease of power of unknown in certain function and integration involves the increase of power
of unknown in certain function.
Application of differential calculus include computations involving velocity and
acceleration, the slope of the curve and optimization. Applications of integral calculus include
computations involving area, volume, arc length, centre of mass, work and pressure. Calculus is
also used to gain a more precise understanding of the nature of space, time and motion.
Page 3
Part 1
Choose one pioneer of modern calculus that you like and write about his background
history . Hence, present your findings using one or more i-Think maps.
Internet
How do I
know what
I know?
Birth date:
25/12/1642
Founder of
differential
and integral
calculus.
The precursor
of modern
calculus.
Founder of
gravity term
and the
calculations.
Death date:
20/3/1727
Isaa
c
Works out on his
system of
fluxions and
fluents.
Books
Page 4
He published a
book entitled
Principia
and Opticks.
The principle of
inverse squares and
its relationship with
planetary orbits.
Conduct prism
experiments
and discover
the spectrum
of light.
Watch the
documentary
about his
timeline.
Part 2
A car travels along a road and its velocity-time function is illustrated in Diagram 1. The straight
Q
line PQ is parallel
to the straight line RS.
v (km/h)
v = 60t +20
P
Diagram1.0
1
1.5
v = -160t +320
2.0
R
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Part 2 (a)
From the graph, find
(i)
(ii)
the acceleration of the car in the first hour,

the average speed of the car in the first two hours.
Answer for (i):

Find the y-coordinate at point (1,y)
v = 60t + 20
(Let v = y and t = x)
y = 60x + 20
(Substitute x = 1 since t = 1)
y = 60 (1) + 20
y = 80
So, the y-coordinate for point (1,y) is 80.
Page 5
t (h)

The gradient of graphfirst hour =acceleration of car first hour
m=
y
x
m=
( 8020 ) kmh1
( 10 ) h
m=
60 kmh1
1h
2
m=60 kmh
Acceleration of car first hour=60 kmh2

Answer for (ii):
Average speed the first two hours=
Total distance the first two hours

Time
Average speed the first two hours=
Total area under graphthe first two hours

Time
1
1
x ( 20+ 80 ) x 1)+ ( 0.5 x 80 ) +( x 80 x 0.5 )
(
2
2
Average speed=
2
Average speed=
(50+ 40+20 ) km
2h
Average speed =
110 km
2h
1
Average speed =55 kmh
Part 2 (b)
Page 6

What is the significance of the position of the graph
(i)
(ii)
above the t-axis?

below the t-axis?
Answer for (i):

The position of the graph above the t-axis shows the positive displacement from the origin and it
signifies that the car is moving forward from the origin place to a certain place.
Answer for (ii):
The position of the graph below the t-axis shows negative displacement from the origin and it
signifies that the car is travels from the certain place back to the origin place.
Part 2 (c)
Using two different methods, find the total distance travelled by the car.
Answer:
Find the equation of straight line RS:
Since PQ and RS are parallel, the gradient is the same.
v = (-160)t + c
(Substitute the point (2.5,0) into the equation)
0 = (-160)(2.5) + c
0 = -400 + c
c = 400
So, the equation of RS is v = -160t + 400
Find coordinates of point S:
v = -160t + 400
(Substitute t = 3 into the equation)
v = -160 (3) + 400
v = -480 + 400
v = -80
So, the coordinates of point S is (3.0,-80)
Page 7

First Method (Finding The Area Under The Graph)
Total Distance=Total Area Under the Graph
([ 12 x ( 20+80) x 1)+ ( 0.5 x 80) +( 12 x 80 x 0.5)+( 12 x 80 x 0.5)+( 0.5 x 80) +( 12 x 80 x 0.5)] km
Total Distance=
Total Distance=190 km
Second Method (Integration process)

Total area in the 1st hour :
1
( 60 t+ 20 ) dt
0
60t
+ 20t
2
( 602 +20)
60(1)
+20 (1) +0
2
50 km
Total area during 1.5th hour to 2nd hour :

2
(160 t +320 ) dt
1.5
160 t
+320 t
2
1.5
Page 8
[(
160(2)2
160(1.5)2
+320(2)
+320(1.5)
2
2
)(
)]
(320+ 640 )(180+480 )

320300
20 km
Total area during 2.5th hour to 3rd hour :

3
(160 t +400 ) dt
2.5
160 t 2
+ 400t
2
[(
2.5
)]
160(3)2
160(2.5)2
+ 400(3)
+ 400(2.5)
2
2
)(
(720+1200 )(500+1000 )
480500
|20|km
Since the value of total distance cannot be negative, a modulus is put to get the positive value.
20 km
Total area during 3.5th hour to 4th hour :
Since the equation of straight line of graph from 3.5th hour to 4th hour is not given, we have to
find the equation through the given information from the graph.
The equation of the graph:
Page 9

v =mt +c
(Substitute the point (4,0) into the equation and find gradient, m from the graph)
800
( 43.5
)( 4) +c
0=
0=640+c
c=640
So, the equation is v = 160t - 640

Find the area:
4
( 160 t640 ) dt
3.5
160t 2
640 t
2
3.5
[(
160(4)2
160(3.5)2
640(4)
640(3.5)
2
2
)(
)]
( 12802560 ) ( 9802240 )
1280(1260)
|20|km
Since the value of total distance cannot be negative, a modulus is put to get the positive value.
20 km
Total Area Under The Whole Graph (Distance):
Page 10

( 50+ ( 80 x 0.5 )+ 20+20+ ( 80 x 0.5 )+ 20 ) km
( 50+40+ 20+ 20+40+ 20 ) km
190 km
Part 2 (d)
Based on the above graph, write an interesting story of the journey in not more than 100 words.
Answer:
Last Saturday, my family and I went to Nilai to buy some clothes for Aidilfitri Eve. At the
start of journey, my father drove the car at 20 km/h and accelerated steadily until it reached 80
km/h at the first hour. He drove the car at constant speed of 80 km/h for half an hour. Then, he
decelerated the car until we reached the Nilai after another half an hour. After buying some
things, we went back. At the start, my father started accelerated until 80 km/h for half an hour
and drove at constant speed of 80 km/h for half an hour. Then, he decelerated for half an hour
and stopped at a restaurant to eat lunch before going home.
Part 3
y
8m
Diagram 2 shows a parabolic satellite disc which is symmetrical at the y-axis. Given that the
diameter of the disc is 8 m and the depth is 1 m.
1m
y = f (x)
4
0 Page 11
Diagram2
Part 3 (a)
Find the equation of the curve y = f(x).
Answer:
y=f ( x )
y=a x 2 +c
( Substitute y =5, x=4c=4 )

5=a ( 4 )2 + 4
1=16 a
a=
1
16
So ,the equation of curveis y=
1 2
x +4
16
Part 3 (b)
Page 12

To find the approximate area under a curve, we can divide the region into several vertical strips,
then we add up the areas of all the strips. Using a scientific calculator or any suitable computer
software, estimate the area bounded by the curve y = f(x) at (a), the x-axis, x = 0 and x = 4.
(i) y
(ii) y
y = f(x)
y = f(x)
Diagram3(i)
Diagram 3(ii)
y
(iii)
y = f(x)
Diagram 3(iii)
Answer for (i):

2
First strip : ( 4 x 0.5 ) m =2 m

Second strip :
[(
[(
[(
Third strip :
Fourth strip :
Fifth strip :
[(
1
( 0.5 )2 +4 x 0.5 m2 =2.0078 m2
16
1 2
( 1 ) + 4 x 0.5 m2=2.0313m2
16
1
(1.5 )2+ 4 x 0.5 m2=2.0703 m2
16
1 2
( 2 ) +4 x 0.5 m2=2.1250 m 2
16
Page 13

Sixth strip :
([ 161 ( 2.5) +4) x 0.5] m =2.1953 m

2
Seventh strip :
Eighth strip :
([ 161 ( 3) + 4) x 0.5] m =2.2813 m

2
([ 161 ( 3.5) +4) x 0.5] m =2.3828 m

2
Total : ( 2+2.0078+2.0313+2.0703+2.1250+ 2.1953+ 2.2813+2.3828 ) m2

2
17.0938 m
Answer for (ii):
First strip :
[(
Second strip :
[(
Sixth strip :
1
( 1.5 )2 +4 x 0.5 m2 =2.0703 m2
16
1
( 2.5 )2 + 4 x 0.5 m2=2.1953 m2
16
1
( 3 )2 +4 x 0.5 m2 =2.2813 m2
16
Seventh strip :
Eighth strip :
1 2
( 2 ) + 4 x 0.5 m2=2.1250 m2
16
Fourth strip :
Fifth strip :
1
( 1 )2+ 4 x 0.5 m2=2.0313 m2
16
[(
[(
[(
[(
[(
[(
Third strip :
]
]
]
]
]
1
( 0.5 )2 + 4 x 0.5 m2=2.0078 m2
16
1
( 3.5 )2+ 4 x 0.5 m 2=2.3828 m 2
16
1
( 4 )2+ 4 x 0.5 m2=2.5000m2
16
Total : ( 2.0078+2.0313+2.0703+2.1250+ 2.1953+ 2.2813+2.3828+2.5000 ) m 2
Page 14

17.5938 m2
Answer for (iii):
[(
[(
]
) ]
) ]
Firstsecond strip :
1
( 0.5 )2+ 4 x 1 m2=4.0156 m2
16
Thirdfourth strip :
1
( 1.5 )2 +4 x 1 m 2=4.1406 m2
16
Fifthsixth strip :
[(
1
(2.5 )2+ 4 x 1 m2=4.3906 m2
16
Seventheighth strip :
[(
1
( 3.5 )2 + 4 x 1 m2 =4.7656 m 2
16
Total : ( 4.0156+4.1406+ 4.3906+ 4.7656 ) m2

17.3124 m2
Part 3 (c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Calculate the area under the curve using integration.

Compare your answer in c (i) with the values obtained in (b). Hence, discuss which
diagram gives the best approximate area.
Explain how you can improve the value in c (ii).
Answer for (i):

4
1 2
x + 4 ) dx
( 16
0
1 3
x +4 x
48
4
0
( 481 (4) +4 (4 ))( 481 (0) +4 (0))

3
Page 15

17.33330
17.3333 m2
Answer for (ii):
Difference in value for Diagram (i):
17.3333 m2 17.0938m2
0.2395 m2
Difference in value for Diagram (ii):
2
17.5938 m 17.3333m
0.2605 m
Difference in value for Diagram (iii):

17.3333 m2 17.3124 m2
0.0209 m2
Since, the total area of strips in Diagram (iii) has the least difference of area value from the
absolute value of the area under the curve, so Diagram (iii) has the best approximate area.
Answer for (iii):
Increase the number of strips per unit length by shortening the width of the strip.
Use the two strips of the same height such that the highest point at the middle of the strips
intersects with the curve of the graph.
Part 3 (d)
Calculate the volume of the satellite disc.
y=
1 2
x +4
16
Page 16

1
x=( 16 y64 ) 2
Volume of the satellite disc:
[ (16 y 64 )
5
1 2
2
] dy
(16 y64)dy
4
16 y 2
64 y
2
[(
)]
16(5)2
16 (4 )2
64(5)
64 (4)
2
2
)(
[ ( 200320 )( 128256 ) ]
3
[ ( 120(128 )) ] cm
8 cm3
y
0
Further Exploration
f ( x) 1.2 5x2
Diagram 4(a)
A gold ring in Diagram 4(a) has the same volume as the solid of revolution obtained when the
shaded region in Diagram 4 (b) is rotated 360o about the x-axis.
-0.2
Page 17
0.2
Diagram 4(b)
Find
a) the volume of gold needed,
b) the cost of gold needed for the ring.
(Gold density is 19.3 gcm-3. The price of gold can be obtained from the goldsmith)
Answer for (a):
Total volume generated of the gold-shaded region:
0.2
( 1.25 x2 ) dx ( 0.2 )2 ( 0.2(0.2 ) )

0.2
0.2
( 1.4425 x 4 ) dx ( 0.04 ) (0.4)

0.2
25 x
1.44 x
5
[(
5 0.2
( 1.44 )( 0.2 )
0.016
0.2
)]
25(0.2)5
25(0.2)5
( 1.44 )(0.2 )
0.016
5
5
)(
0.288(0.0016 )
( 0.2880.0016 ) ( ] 0.016
Page 18

(0.2864(0.2864 ) )0.016
0.5728 0.016
0.5568 cm 3
Answer for (b):
Let = 3.142, so:
0.5568 cm 3=0.5568 ( 3.142 ) cm 3
1.7495 cm3
Mass of the gold ring:
1.7495 cm3 x 19.3 gcm3
33.7654 g
Cost of the gold ring:
33.7654 g x RM 129.55 g1
RM 4374.65
The price of gold per gram as at 2:27 p.m., June 8, 2014.
Page 19
REFLECTION
After doing some research, answering questions and some problem-solving, I realize that
the usage of differential calculus and integral calculus is really important in our daily life. It is
not just used widely in graph-of-motion-related problems, but it is also used in business
involving gold rings and gold necklaces like finding the volume and mass of the gold ring as
well as costs of the gold ring from the mass of the gold ring. The moral value that I practiced is
appreciating the importance of calculus in our daily life because without it, we cannot analyze
the curve graph of motion and many more. As a conclusion, calculus is important in our daily
life.
Page 20

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Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems whether it is

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

the acceleration of the car in the first hour,

Answer for (i):

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Acceleration of car first hour=60 kmh2

Total distance the first two hours

Average speed the first two hours=

Total area under graphthe first two hours

Average speed =55 kmh

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

above the t-axis?

Answer for (i):

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

([ 12 x ( 20+80) x 1)+ ( 0.5 x 80) +( 12 x 80 x 0.5)+( 12 x 80 x 0.5)+( 0.5 x 80) +( 12 x 80 x 0.5)] km

Second Method (Integration process)

Total area during 1.5th hour to 2nd hour :

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

(320+ 640 )(180+480 )

Total area during 2.5th hour to 3rd hour :

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

So, the equation is v = 160t - 640

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

( Substitute y =5, x=4c=4 )

So ,the equation of curveis y=

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Answer for (i):

First strip : ( 4 x 0.5 ) m =2 m

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

([ 161 ( 2.5) +4) x 0.5] m =2.1953 m

([ 161 ( 3) + 4) x 0.5] m =2.2813 m

([ 161 ( 3.5) +4) x 0.5] m =2.3828 m

Total : ( 2+2.0078+2.0313+2.0703+2.1250+ 2.1953+ 2.2813+2.3828 ) m2

Total : ( 2.0078+2.0313+2.0703+2.1250+ 2.1953+ 2.2813+2.3828+2.5000 ) m 2

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Total : ( 4.0156+4.1406+ 4.3906+ 4.7656 ) m2

Calculate the area under the curve using integration.

Answer for (i):

( 481 (4) +4 (4 ))( 481 (0) +4 (0))

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Difference in value for Diagram (iii):

Answer for (iii):

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

Muhammad Farhan bin Roslan

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2014

( 1.25 x2 ) dx ( 0.2 )2 ( 0.2(0.2 ) )

( 1.4425 x 4 ) dx ( 0.04 ) (0.4)