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CultureofTelangana
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheIndianstateofTelanganahasaculturalhistoryofabout5000years,theregionemergedastheforemostcentreofcultureinIndiansubcontinentduringthe
HinduKingsofKakatiyadynastyandtheMuslimrulersofQutbShahiandAsafJahiDynasty(alsoknownastheNizamsofHyderabad),therulerspatronage
andinterestforartsandculturehadtransformedTelanganaintoauniquemulticulturalregionwheretwodifferentculturescoexistparalleltoeachother,thus
makingTelanganatherepresentativeoftheDeccanPlateauanditsheritagewithWarangalandHyderabadbeingitsepicenter.Theregionsmajorculturalevents
celebratedare"KakatiyaFestival"andDeccanFestivalalongwithreligiousfestivalsofBonalu,Bathukamma,Sankranthi,MiladunNabiandRamadan.[1]
TelanganaStatehaslongbeenameetingplacefordiverselanguagesandcultures.Itisknownas"SouthofNorthandNorthofSouth"[2]Itisalsoknownforits
GangaJamunaTehzeebandthecapitalHyderabadasaminiatureIndia.[3][4]

Contents
1 Languages
2 Festivals
2.1 Regionalfestivals
3 Literature
4 Clothing
5 Cuisine
6 Religion
6.1 PilgrimagesinTelangana
6.2 Banjara(Lambadi)Spiritual/ReligiousPersons
7 Performingarts
7.1 Dance
7.2 Music
7.3 OgguKatha
8 Cinema
9 VisualArts
9.1 Paintings
9.2 Sculpture
9.3 Architecture
10 Culturalsites
11 References
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Languages
About76%ofthepopulationofTelanganaspeakTelugu,12%speakUrdu,and12%speakotherlanguages.[5][6]Before1948,Urduwastheofficiallanguageof
HyderabadState,andduetoalackofTelugulanguageeducationalinstitutions,UrduwasthelanguageoftheeducatedeliteofTelangana.After1948,once
HyderabadStatejoinedthenewRepublicofIndia,Telugubecamethelanguageofgovernment,andasTeluguwasintroducedasthemediumofinstructionin
schoolsandcolleges,theuseofUrduamongnonMuslimsdecreased.[7]

Festivals
Festivalsarecelebratedwithmuchfervorandpeopleusedtogototemplesonthesedaystoofferspecialprayers.SomeoftheFestivalsareDasara,Eidulfitr,
Bakrid,Ugadi,MakaraSankranti,GuruPurnima,SriRamaNavami,HanumanJayanti,RaakhiPournami,VinayakaChaviti,NagulaPanchami,Krishnashtami,
Deepavali,MukkotiEkadasi,KarthikaPurnimaandRathaSaptami

Regionalfestivals
Telanganitesnotonlycelebratethemainfestivals,butalsocelebratecertainregionalfestivalslikeBonaluinHyderabad,
Batukamma[8]alloverTelanganadistricts,YedupayalaJatarainMedak,SammakkaSaralammainWarangaldistrict.

Literature
MuhammadQuliQutbShahwasthefirstSahebedewanUrdu.[9]OtherpoetsofTelanganafromtheearlyerainclude
KancherlaGopannaorBhaktaRamadasu,GonaBuddaReddy,PalkurikiSomanatha,MallinthaSri,andHulukkiBhaskara.
InthemodernerapoetsincludesuchfiguresasPadmaVibhushan,KalojiNarayanaRao,SahityaAkademiAwardrecipient
DaasarathiKrishnamacharyulu,andJnanpithAwardrecipientC.NarayanaReddy,aswellasP.V.NarasimhaRao,ninthprime
ministerofIndia.SamalaSadasivawasselectedfortheKendraSahityaPuraskaramdistinction.HisbookSwaralayaluonthe
subjectofHindustaniclassicalmusicwontheawardfortheyear2011.[10]

Clothing

Bathukammaflowerarrangement

Telanganaisthehometosomeofthefinesthistoricalclothmaking/fashionanddyingtraditionsoftheworld.Itsrichcotton
production,withitsinnovativeplantdyeextractionhistorystandnexttoitsdiamondmining.TraditionalWomenwearsariinthemostpartsofthestate.Langa
Voni,ShalwarkameezandChuridaarispopularamongtheUnmarriedWomen.

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SomeofthefamoussareesmadeinTelanganaarePochampallySaree,Gadwalsari.Pochampallysareeshavebeenpopular
sinceearly1800s.In19thcenturypopularwithtradersinthesilkroutewhichsymbolisedluxuryandpower.Foundplacein
UNESCOtentativelistofworldheritagesitesaspartof'iconicsareeweavingclustersofIndia'.Pochampallysareereceived
IntellectualPropertyRightsProtectionorGeographicalIndication(GI)statusin2005.[11]
MaleClothingincludesthetraditionalDhotialsoknownasPancha.TheHyderabadiSherwaniwasthedressofchoiceofthe
NizamofHyderabadandHyderabadinobles.TheHyderabadisherwaniislongerthannormalsherwanireachingbelowthe
knees.[12]Sherwaniisusuallywornduringtheweddingceremoniesbythegroom.Ascarfcalledadupattaissometimesadded
tothesherwani.

Cuisine
Telanganahastwotypesofcuisines,theTelugucuisineandHyderabadicuisine.TelugucuisineisthepartofSouthIndian
cuisinecharacterizedbytheirhighlyspicyfood.TheTelanganastateliesontheDeccanplateauanditstopographydictates
moremilletandroti(leavenedbread)baseddishes.JowarandBajrafeaturesmoreprominentlyintheircuisine.Duetoits
proximitywithMaharashtra,ChhattisgarhandnorthwestKarnataka,itsharessomesimilaritiesoftheDeccanplateaucuisine.
TheregionhasthespiciestfoodamongstallotherTeluguandIndiancuisines.Telanganahassomeuniquedishesinitscuisine,
suchasjonnarotte(sorghum),sajjarotte(penisetum),orUppudiPindi(brokenrice).InTelanganaagravyorcurryiscalled
KooraandPulusu(Sour)inbasedonTamarind.AdeepfryreductionofthesameiscalledVepudu.KodipulusuandMamsam
(meat)vepuduarepopulardishesinmeat.VankayaBrinjalPulusuorVepudu,AritikayaBananapulusuorVepuduareoneof
themanyvarietiesofvegetabledishes.[13]Telanganapalakooraisaspinachdishcookedwithlentilseatenwithsteamedrice
androtis.PeanutsareaddedasspecialattractionandinKarimnagarDistrict,cashewnutsareadded.

APortraitofgirlstandingina
verandawearingaPochampally
saree,1895,byHermannLinde

SakinalualsocalledasChakinalu,isoneofthemostpopularsavoryinTelangana,isoftencookedduringMakaraSankranti
festivalseason.Thisadeepfriedsnackmadeofriceflour,sesameseedsandflavouredwithajwain(caromseedsorvaamuin
Telugu).ThesesavoriesareharderandspicierthantheAndhravarieties.Garijeluisadumplingdishsimilartothe
Maharashtriankaranji,whichinTelanganaiscookedwithsweetstuffingorasavorystuffingwithmuttonorchicken
kheema.[14]
Hyderabadicuisine,anamalgamationofPersiancuisine,Mughlai,Telugu,Turkishcuisines,developedbytheQutbShahi
dynastyandtheNizamsofHyderabad.Itcomprisesabroadrepertoireofrice,wheatandmeatdishesandvariousspicesand
herbs.[15][16]
HyderabadicuisineisanintegralpartofthecuisinesoftheformerHyderabadStatethatincludesthestateofTelanganaand
theregionsofMarathwada(nowinMaharashtra)andHyderabadKaranataka(nowinKarnataka).TheHyderabadicuisine
containscityspecificspecialtieslikeHyderabad(HyderabadibiryaniandHyderabadiHaleem)[17]andAurangabad(Naan
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Qalia),Gulbarga(Tahari),Bidar(KalyaniBiryani)andothers.Theuseofdrycoconut,tamarind,andredchilliesalongwith
otherspicesarethemainingredientsthatmakeHyderabadicuisinedifferentfromtheNorthIndiancuisine

Religion
ThemajorreligionsofthepeopleareHinduismandIslam,[18]thoughBuddhismwasthedominantreligionuptothe6th
century.ItisthehomeofMahayanaBuddhismasrevealedbythemonumentsofNagarjunakonda.AcharayaNagarjuna
presidedovertheWorldUniversityatSriParvata.HinduismwasrevivedinthetimeoftheChalukyasandtheKakatiyasin
the12thcentury.TheVijayanagarrulesawthegloriousdaysofHinduismwhenthefamedemperors,KrishnadevaRayain
particular,builtnewtemplesandbeautifiedtheoldones.Siva,Vishnu,HanumanandGanapatihavebeenthepopular
HinduGods.TheVugraNarasimhaswamiTempleatYadagiriguttaandThousandPillarTempleatWarangalareamongthe
oldestshrinesinthestateattractingpeoplefromdifferentpartsofthecountryforhundredsofyears.

Doublekameetha

Intermsofinfluence,Islamoccupiesthesecondplace.Itstartedspreadingfromthe14thcenturyonwards.Mosquesbegantocomeupinmanypartsoftheregion
duringtheMuslimrule.Christianitybegantospreadfrom1701,Especiallyamongthesociallydisabledpeople.Educationalinstitutionsandchurchesgrewin
numberintheCircarsinthe18thand19centurieswhentheEastIndiaCompanyandlatertheBritishgovernmentencouragedthem.OtherEuropeancountries
werealsoactiveinbuildingchurchesandtakingcareoftheweakersectionsofthepeople.

PilgrimagesinTelangana
Yadadri:LordVishnu(whosereincarnationisLordNarasimha).ThemaindeityisLakshmiNarasimhaSwamy.[19]Located
inNalgondaDistrict.InAncientdaysSriYadaMaharshisonofSriRushyashrungaMaharshiwiththeBlessingsof
AnjaneyaSwamyhadperformedgreatpenanceforLordNarasimhaSwamy.AftersecuringblessingforhispenanceLord
NarasimhahadcomeintoexistenceinFiveAvatharascalledasSriJwalaNarasimha,SriYoganandaNarasimha,SriUgra
Narasimha,SriGandaberundaNarasimha,SriLakshmiNarasimha.AssuchthisisknownasPanchaNarasimha
Kshetram.
BhadrachalamTempleisaLordSreeSitaRamachandraSwamyTempleinBhadrachalam,KhammamDistrict.
BhadrachalamThenamederivedfromBhadragiri(MountainofBhadraaboonchildofMeruandMenaka).Accordingto
BhadrachalamTemple
anIthihasas,thesignificanceofthisshrinedatesbacktotheRamayanaEra.Thiscoherenthillplaceexistedin
"Dandakaranya"OfRamayanaperiodwhereRamawithhisconsortSitaandbrotherLaxmanahadspenttheirvanavasa
andParnashaala(theplaceconnectedtothefamousGoldenDeerandtheplacefromwhereSitawasabductedbyRavana.)isalsointhevicinityofthistemplesite.
ItisatthisMandirsitethat,longafterRamavatara,BhagawanMahavishnumanifestedHimselfasRamaagaintofulfilapromiseHemadetoHisBhaktaBhadra,
whocontinuedhisTapasthroughYugas,prayingforthegraceoftheBhagawanSriRamachandramurthy.[20]

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JamalapuramTempleisaLordSreeVenkateswaraSwamyTempleinJamalapuram,nearErrupalem,KhammamDistrictisafamoustempleinKhammamdistrict
ofTelanganaandisfamouslyknownasTelanganaTirupathi.ThepresidingdeityinthistempleisLordBalajiandissaidtobeaswayambhuLord,whoself
manifestedinthisplace.Sinceitisaswayambhootemple,thistempleseemstohavebeeninexistencefromthousandsofyears.ItwasrenovatedbySriKrishna
Devarayalu,theemperorofVijayanagarakingdom.Thetempleislocatedinaserenepleasantambiencesurroundedbylushgreenhills.Thetemplehassubshrines
forPadmavathiAmmavaru,SriAliveluAmmavaru,LordShiva,LordGanesh,LordAyyappa,andLordAnjaneya.
SriRajaRajeshwaratemple,VemulawadaisasiteofpilgrimageforbothHindu(particularlydevoteesofVishnuandShiva)
andMuslimworshippers.BuiltbyChalukyaKingsbetweenAD750and975,thecomplexisnamedforitspresidingdeity
SriRajaRajeswaraSwamy,anincarnationofLordShiva.IthousesseveraltemplesdedicatedtootherdeitiesincludingSri
Rama,Lakshmana,Lakshmi,Ganapathy,LordPadmanabhaSwamyandLordBhimeshwara.ThisShrineispopularly
knownasDakshinaKasi[SouthernBanaras][21]andalsoasHariharaKshetramfortheirbeingtwoVaisnavaTemplesin
mainTemplecomplexi.e.,SriAnanthaPadmanabhaSwamyTemple&SriSeetharamaChandraSwamyTempleThe
complexalsocontainsa400yearoldmosquewhichstandsasanampleevidenceforreligioustolerance.Thetempleis
locatedinKarimnagarDistrict.
BirlaMandir,Hyderabad:Builtona280feet(85m)highhillockcalledNaubathPahadona13acres(53,000m2)plotin
Hyderabad

SriVenkateswaraSwamyTemplein
Jamalapuram

Basara:GnanaSaraswatiTemple(GoddessofKnowledge)islocatedonthebanksoftheriverGodavariinAdilabad
District
MeccaMasjid,isoneoftheoldestmosquesinHyderabad,TelanganainIndia,AnditisoneofthelargestMosquesin
India.MakkahMasjidisalistedheritagebuildingintheoldcityofHyderabad,closetothehistoriclandmarksof
ChowmahallaPalace,LaadBazaar,andCharminar.MuhammadQuliQutbShah,thefifthruleroftheQutbShahidynasty,
commissionedbrickstobemadefromthesoilbroughtfromMecca,theholiestsiteofIslam,andusedtheminthe
constructionofthecentralarchofthemosque,thusgivingthemosqueitsname.Itformedthecenterpiecearoundwhichthe
citywasplannedbyMuhammadQuliQutubShah.[22]

MeccaMasjidfrontage

MedakChurchatMedakinTelangana,India,isthelargestchurchinTelanganaandhasbeenthecathedralchurchoftheDioceseofMedakoftheChurchofSouth
Indiasince1947.OriginallybuiltbyBritishWesleyanMethodists,itwasconsecratedon25December1924.TheMedakdioceseisthesinglelargestdiocesein
AsiaandthesecondintheworldaftertheVatican.[23]ThechurchwasbuiltunderthestewardshipoftheMethodistChristian,theReverendCharlesWalker
Posnett,whowasdrivenbythemottoMybestformyLord.CharlesPosnetthadarrivedinSecunderabadin1895,andafterfirstministeringamongBritishsoldiers
atTrimullghery,hadlaunchedintothevillagesandhadreachedMedakvillagein1896.[24]

Banjara(Lambadi)Spiritual/ReligiousPersons

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JairamBapuji,[25]SevyaBapuji[26]aretheveryfamousBanjaraOrLambadiSpiritualPersonsfromBaluThanda/Jairam
Thanda,MadgulMandal,MahabubnagarDistrict,Telangana.

Performingarts
Dance
PeriniSivatandavamorPeriniThandavamisanancientdanceformfromTelanganawhichhasbeenrevivedinrecent
times.[27]ItoriginatedandprosperedinTelanganaduringtheKakatiyadynasty.
ThePeriniThandavamisadanceformusuallyperformedbymales.Itiscalled'DanceofWarriors'.Warriorsbeforeleaving
tothebattlefieldenactthisdancebeforetheidolofLordSiva.Thedanceform,Perini,reacheditspinnacleduringtherule
ofthe'Kakatiyas'whoestablishedtheirdynastyatWarangalandruledforalmosttwocenturies.Itisbelievedthatthisdance
forminvokes'Prerana'(inspiration)andisdedicatedtosupremedancer,LordSiva.

TheChurchofSouthIndiaCathedral
atMedak.Itisoneofthelargest
churchesinAsia

BonaluThefolkfestivalofBonaluintheTelanganaregionbringswithitcelebrationswhichseethecolourfullydressedfemaledancersbalancingpots(Bonalu),
steptotherhythmicbeatsandtunesinpraiseofthevillagedeityMahankali.MaledancerscalledPotharajusprecedethefemaledancerstothetemplelashing
whipsandneemleavesaddingcolourtothefestivity.

Music
TelanganahasadiversevariationofMusicfromCarnaticMusictoFolkmusic.KancherlaGopanna,[28]popularlyknownasBhaktaRamadasuorBhadrachala
Ramadasuwasa17thcenturyIndiandevoteeofRamaandacomposerofCarnaticmusic.Heisoneamongthefamousvaggeyakaras(apersonwhonotonly
composesthelyricsbutalsosetsthemtomusicvk=word,speechgeya=singing,singablegeyakra=singer)intheTelugulanguage.
ThefolksongsofTelanganahadleftaprofoundimpactontheStatehoodmovement[29]asitplayedasignificantroleinthesuccessoftheDhoomDham,acultural
eventthatwasavitalpartoftheagitations.

OgguKatha
OgguKathaorOggukathaisatraditionalfolkloresingingpraisingandnarratingthestoriesofHindugodsMallana,BeerappaandYellamma.[30]Itoriginated
amongtheYadavandKurumaGollacommunities,whodevotedthemselvestothesingingofballadsinpraiseofLordShiva(alsocalledMallikarjuna).[31]These
traditionlovingandritualperformingcommunitymovesfromplacetoplace,narratingthestoriesoftheircastegods.Oggusarethetraditionalpriestsofthe
YadavasandperformthemarriageofMallannawithBhramaramba.

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Thenarratorandhischorusi.e.twonarratorshelpindramatizingthenarrationasveryoften,theytransformthemselvesintotwocharacters.Thedramatizationof
thenarrativeiswhatgivestheOgguKathaitspredominantplaceintheballadtraditioninTelangana,whereOgguKathaprevalent.Theysingersvisittheshrineof
KomrellyMallannaTempleeveryyear.

Cinema
Telugucinema,alsoknownbyitssobriquetasTollywood,isapartofIndiancinemaproducingfilmsintheTelugulanguage,
andiscenteredintheHyderabad,TelangananeighbourhoodofFilmNagar.[32]TheindustryholdstheGuinnessWorldRecord
forthelargestfilmproductionfacilityintheworld,RamojiFilmCity.[33]ThePrasadsIMAXlocatedinHyderabadisoneof
thelargest3DIMAXscreen,andthemostattendedcinemascreenintheworld.[34][35][36]AspertheCBFCreportof2012,the
industryisplacedsecondinIndia,intermsoffilmsproducedyearly.[37]

VisualArts
Paintings
NirmalPaintingsareapopularformofpaintingsdoneinNirmalinAdilabadDistrict.Thepaintingshavegoldenhues.[38][39]
TheregioniswellknownforitsGolcondaandHyderabadpaintingstyleswhicharebranchesofDeccanipainting.[40]
Developedduringthe16thcentury,theGolcondastyleisanativestyleblendingforeigntechniquesandbearssomesimilarity
totheVijayanagarapaintingsofneighbouringMysore.Asignificantuseofluminousgoldandwhitecoloursisgenerallyfound
intheGolcondastyle.[41]TheHyderabadstyleoriginatedinthe17thcenturyundertheNizams.HighlyinfluencedbyMughal
painting,thisstylemakesuseofbrightcoloursandmostlydepictsregionallandscape,culture,costumesandjewellery.[40]

AwesternstreetreplicaatRamoji
FilmCity

Sculpture
RamappaTemple:ItliesinavalleyatPalampetvillageofVenkatapurMandal,inerstwhileMulugTaluqofWarangaldistrict,atinyvillagelongpastitsdaysof
gloryinthe13thand14thcenturies.[42]Aninscriptioninthetempledatesittotheyear1213andsaidtohavebeenbuiltbyaGeneralRecherlaRudra,duringthe
periodoftheKakatiyarulerGanapatiDeva.
ThismedievaltempleisaShivalaya(whereShivaisworshipped)andnamedafterthesculptorRamappa.Itistheonlytempleintheworldnamedafterits
sculptor/architect.Itspresidingdeity,Ramalingeswara,istheformofShivaandapersonalgodoftheAvatarofVishnu,Rama.Thehistorysaysthatittook40
yearstobuildthistemple.PlannedandsculptedbyRamappa,thetemplewasbuiltontheclassicalpatternofbeingliftedabovetheworldonahighstarshaped
platform.Intricatecarvingslinethewallsandcoverthepillarsandceilings.Startingatitsbasetoitswallpanels,pillarsandceilingaresculptedfiguresdrawn
fromHindumythology.[43]Theroof(garbhalayam)ofthetempleisbuiltwithbricks,whicharesolightthattheyareabletofloatonwater.[44]
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Architecture
TheThousandPillarTempleisoneoftheveryoldtemplesofSouthIndiathatwasbuiltbythekakatiyas.[45]Itstandsoutto
beamasterpieceandachievedmajorheightsintermsofarchitecturalskillsbytheancientkakathiyavishwakarma
sthapathis.ItisbelievedthattheThousandPillarTemplewasbuiltbyKingRudraDevain1163AD.TheThousandPillar
TempleisaspecimenoftheKakatiyanstyleofarchitectureofthe12thcentury.
ItwasdestroyedbytheTughlaqdynastyduringtheirinvasionofSouthIndia.Itconsistsonetempleandotherbuilding.
Thereareonethousandpillarsinthebuildingandthetemple,butnopillarobstructsapersoninanypointofthetempleto
seethegodintheothertemple.

ViewoftheRamappaTemple

AlampurTemples:ThereareatotalofninetemplesinAlampur.Allofthemare
dedicatedtoShiva.Thesetemplesdatebacktothe7thcenturyA.Dandwerebuilt
bytheBadamiChalukyasrulerswhoweregreatpatronsofartandarchitecture.
Evenafteratimespanofseveralhundredyears,thesegrandtemplesstillstandfirm
reflectingthericharchitecturalheritageofthecountry.

SangameshwartempleatAlampur

ThetemplesareemblematicoftheNorthernandWesternIndianstylesof
architecture.TheydonotreflecttheDravidianstyleofarchitectureasisgenerally
commonwiththetemplesinthisregion.Theshikharasofallthesetempleshavea
curvilinearformandareadornedwiththeminiaturearchitecturaldevices.Theplans
anddecorationsimilartothatoftherockcuttemples.TheAlampurNavabhrama
Templesarehistoricallyimportantandreflectremarkablearchitecturalskills.

AlampurwaspreviouslyKnownasHalampuram,HamalapuramAndAlampuram.NameofthisplaceasHatampura,
mentionedintheinscriptiondatedAD1101belongstoWesternChalukya[46]

Culturalsites
CarvedpillaratThousandPillar
Temple

TelanganahasmanymuseumswhichdepictsthecultureoftheerstwhileKingdomsofthestate.TheSalarJungMuseumis
anartmuseumlocatedonthesouthernbankoftheMusiriverinthecityofHyderabad,Telangana,India.Itisoneofthe
threeNationalMuseumsofIndia.[47]Themuseum'scollectionwassourcedfromthepropertyoftheSalarJungfamily.TheSalarjungMuseumisthethirdlargest
museuminIndiahousingthebiggestonemancollectionsofantiquesintheworld.ItiswellknownthroughoutIndiaforitsprizedcollectionsbelongingto
differentcivilizationsdatingbackisverylargestaccocationtothe1stcentury.TheotherprominentMuseumsareNizamMuseum,CityMuseum,Hyderabadand
BirlaScienceMuseum.

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SalarJungMuseum,Hyderabad,
Telanganaestablishedin1951isthe
largestcollectionofantiquesofan
individualintheworld.

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