Ramsburg Paper PDF

Archaeological Finds from Hof Ramsburg:
Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Rural Zeeland
Hilde van der Heul

Internship WAD
Dr. H. Hochscheid
December 2015
VAN DER HEUL 2
VAN DER HEUL 3

Contents
Introduction....4
History of Hof Ramsburg.......5
Finds: pottery..........7
Finds: glass, metal, and bones.8
Interpretation of the assemblage.....9
Comparison to contemporary estates.12
Conclusion.....13
Works Cited...14
Appendix A: Excavation map showing waste pits...16
Appendix B: Historic map....17
Appendix C: Graphs and tables....18
Appendix D: Deventer catalogue..20
VAN DER HEUL 4

Introduction
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Netherlands played an important
role in the international trade with the Far East and West. The Province of Zeeland was home
to the second largest chamber of the VOC,1 and a new class of people emerged who formed
not only the financial but also the political elite of the region.2 To escape the busy life in the
city, many of those new rich bought farms in the country, which they transformed into
luxurious country estates. Due to the great number of these estates, the island of Walcheren
gained the title Garden of Zeeland.3 After the decline of the VOC and WIC, most of the
estates became disused and were abandoned.4 Though most estates have been demolished,
examples are still in existence on the island of Walcheren.
In 2011, The Walcherse Archeologisch Dienst (WAD) carried out an archaeological
excavation on the industrial location Ramsburg in Middelburg, where one of these estates
was once located. Until 1847, this was the site of a country estate that was built between 1717
and 1750. It was preceded by a farmstead, which was inhabited in the seventeenth and early
eighteenth centuries.5 Nearly all of the archaeological material found dates back to the
farmstead phase.6 Even though Hof Ramsburg does not exist anymore, these archaeological
finds and historical records can paint an image of the social composition of its residents.
The goal of this paper is to research the social composition of the population of
estates such as Hof Ramsburg. This study is based on a review of historical sources and an
investigation of the archaeological material, as the combination of the two can help answer
questions about the social circumstances at the time of Ramsburg, and possible changes in
these circumstances. Plates, cauldrons, skillets, strainers and other objects have been cleaned,
counted, weighed, and reconstructed. The archaeologically complete individuals have been
put into a Deventer catalogue, which is included in this papers appendix.
The importance of this study lies in the fact that there are some unusual aspects about
the collection of finds from Hof Ramsburg. This paper investigates how social circumstances
may have played a role in the presence of these uncommon features. Furthermore, there has
been a categorisation of all the finds from Ramsburg together in the excavation report, but
this paper focuses specifically on three remarkable waste pits and their contents.

1
2
3
4
5
6
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie

Den Heijen 1997; Joosse 1993: 33
Van Dijk & Silkens 2012: 189
Van den Broeke 2012: 18
Van den Broeke 2012: 16-17
Meijlink & Silkens 2012
VAN DER HEUL 5

History of Ramsburg
Throughout its existence, Hof Ramsburg underwent great changes. The absence of
foundation remains makes it difficult to note renovation phases in the architecture of the
building merely by archaeological research. However, a lot can be gathered from historical
sources. Hof Ramsburg started off as a regular farm, located on the Oude Veerseweg. Most
of the fertile marine clay land in the seventeenth century was owned by urban capitalists, who
leased it to commercial farmers. They exploited their holdings with the help of large numbers
of wage labourers, who often had no land of their own. The vast majority of farms were
arable, growing wheat, barley and rape for the urban markets in Holland and Zeeland.7 The
agricultural predecessor of Hof Ramsburg, the estate, was one of these farms. The oldest
known document to mention Ramsburg and register its inhabitants is a 1566 taxation record,
attributing the farmhouse to Cornelis Pietersz, the tenant farmer being Joris Adriaensz.8 A
similar record from 1581 speaks of a so-called Coolhof at the location, a small agricultural
production centre.9
The second phase of the building complex was a slightly more expansive farmstead.
In 1630, a residential farmstead is mentioned for the first time in another taxation record that
attributes the land to Philip van den Brande. This record does not show if the farmstead was
in fact inhabited or not. Its tenant was Claes Pietersz Huyse, who himself owned a farm in the
area.10 The fact that this tenant had his own farm as well may indicate that Hof Ramsburg
was being used as a summer residence. The farmstead possibly remained in the hands of the
Van den Brande family for a while, although there are no clear records of its residents until
the mid-eighteenth century. However, Mattheus Gargons 1717 book, the Walcherse Arkadia,
does not mention Ramsburg as an estate in the area that is described. This points toward the
possibility that Hof Ramsburg was still a farmstead at that time, and not a proper estate or
summer residence.11
The third phase was the estate phase. In the seventeenth century the new elites looked
for well-situated farmsteads they could adapt to their wishes.12 However, these relatively
modest houses were dismantled near the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the
eighteenth century and replaced by luxurious mansions and gardens, a fact clearly illustrated

7
8
9
10
11
12
Van Cruyningen 2009: 263

Zeeuws Archief, Archief Rekenkamer II inv.nr. 1128
Verzameling Handschriften Rijksarchief in Zeeland inv. nr. 1198
Gargon 1717
VAN DER HEUL 6
on the map of the Hattingas.13 This is also what happened to Hof Ramsburg. Not long after
Gargons 1717 book, Ramsburg was subjected to substantial changes. Around 1720 the
archives speak of a wine seller Mr. Balguerie, who came into possession of the farmstead.14
He seems to be the one who converted it into a proper estate, according to a map of the
Hattingas, dated around 1750.15 It shows an elaborate garden and first mentions the name
Ramsburg. A 1777 record shows that a woman named Johanna Wijbo sold Ramsburg to
Peter van Visvliet, who was the mayor of Middelburg and a VOC executive.16 After he died
in 1787, Ramsburg was passed on to his daughter and her husband.
According to the archaeological research, the old farm building was demolished at the
beginning of the eighteenth century and replaced with a small house and gallery.17
Throughout the eighteenth century, Ramsburg remained a summer residence. The last map
showing Hof Ramsburg was a cadastral plan made in 1822. However, by the end of 1847 and
in 1847, several newspaper articles announced auctions of both the wood from the estates
trees, and the household inventory.18 The demolition of Ramsburg appears to have been quite
thorough, as its foundations were completely removed.19
Description of the finds: pottery
During the excavation of Ramsburg, a large amount of pottery was found, all of
which is described in the excavation report by B. Meijlink and B. Silkens.20 The assemblage
includes a nearly complete household, clearly concentrated in three rectangular waste pits on
the east side of the complex.21 These pottery fragments constitute almost two thirds of the
total number of fragments found during the excavation.22
The most common material found at Ramsburg is red ware, mostly cooking materials
such as skillets, jugs, and cauldrons.23 Aside from cooking material, tableware is also

13
Appendix B
Kesteloo 1902
15
Hattinga 1750, see appendix B
16
17
18
Middelburgsche Courant: 16 Dec. 1847 & 13 Jan. 1848.
19
20
21
Appendix B
22
The restored individuals from the pottery assemblage are listed in this papers catalogue. The graphs
showing the amounts of pottery for both the entire collection of finds and that of the waste pits can
be found in appendix C, as well as a table showing all of the materials from both the entire
assemblage and the waste pit assemblage.
23
Appendix C
14
VAN DER HEUL 7
common among the red ware, e.g. bowls, plates, and cups.24 This also includes two large
strainers. Other finds include several braziers and chamber pots.25
Thirty-five pieces of white ware constitute ten per cent of the pottery assemblage
from the entire excavation. Seventeen were found in the three waste pits. These finds include
a nearly complete strainer, several bowls, cups, and a large cauldron.26 Also included are a
chamber pot and a nearly complete candlestick.27 These candlesticks were filled with water,
and flees were drawn to the light of the candle, which caused them to jump into the water and
drown.28
Majolica and faience were two other materials that were found in the pits. Fragments
of at least six majolica plates were found. The decoration of these plates consists of
predominantly floral ornaments. Faience objects amongst the finds were mostly plates, and
one barber bowl.29 Faience was the successor of majolica, and unlike faience, majolica has
three small spots of glaze damage: the spur marks. These were created by the stacking of the
pieces on top of another in the kiln, separated by ceramic triangles that were taken away after
the firing. In that process, the points where the triangles had rested left their mark on the
bottom of the plates.30
From the existing porcelain fragments, at least nineteen objects have been
distinguished. The porcelain seems mostly to be dating to the Kangxi period, which is
consistent with the dating of the entire assemblage in the period 1675-1750.31 Among the fine
porcelain individuals are five bowls, eight plates, four plates, a jar of ointment and a
miniature vase.32 Of these objects, one bowl and four saucers are so-called kapucijnerwaar,
which is characterised by a brown colour on the outside.33 Most porcelain plates have a
landscape decoration or floral motives.34
Two more objects are worth noting. One piece of industrial red ware was found in one
of the waste pits, a small teapot dated between 1675 and 1750. The bottom of the teapot bears

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Catalogue page 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38, 41

Catalogue page 39, 40, 42
Catalogue page 21 inv. 2975-7; page 31 inv. 2963-3; page 32; page 35; page 36 inv. 2975-13; page 37
inv. 2795-7
Catalogue page 35, inv. 2974-6; page 42, inv. 2975-15
Meijlink & Silkens 2012: 44
Catalogue page 43, 47, 48
Nicholson 2005: 9
Claeys et al. 2010: 143
Catalogue page 44-46
Catalogue page 37, inv. 2974-10
Catalogue page 44-46
VAN DER HEUL 8
a stamp with Chinese characters, but it could be an imitation made in Europe.35 The other
interesting find is a Jyde cauldron.36 Thirty-nine fragments of this object were collected from
one of the three waste pits. In the Deventer system, only one form of this Jyde pottery is
included. One other example was found in Alkmaar, which was dated to the period 16501750 by Bitter, and to the period 1650-1800 by Hiemstra-Visser.37 This coincides with the
dating of the Ramsburg assemblage from the period 1675 to 1750. According to these
sources, the large cauldron with the typical shade of dark grey was made in Jutland,
Denmark.
Glass, metal, and bones
Besides pottery dating back to the period from 1675 to 1750, glass from the same
period was excavated from the three waste pits. According to the excavation report, of the
40.289 grams of glass fragments, 39.867 grams were found in the three pits.38 A large part of
this collection of shards consists of fragments of wine bottles, and of windowpanes. Of the
shards that cannot be allocated to wine bottles and are not fragments of windowpanes, at least
fifty-six separate individuals have been distinguished, which involve twenty-six cups,
thirteen goblets, eleven bottles, two drinking jugs and a cup and saucer.39 The metal finds
from the waste pits include many nails, which can, together with the fragments of the
windowpanes, be attributed to demolition material.
Interestingly, two more or less complete animal skeletons were found in two of the
three pits. According to the excavation report, one belonged to the nearly complete skeleton
of a dog. The bones come from the head, torso, and the front and hind leg.40 In one of the
other pits, a large part of a calf skeleton was unearthed: fragments from the lower jaw, some
remains from the left and right front leg, the greater portion of the left hind leg and elements
from the right hind paw. In addition to these more or less complete skeletons, other bone
remains were found in the pits, which included bones from rabbit, cow, pig, and sheep or
goat. There were also bone fragments of fish and poultry. Most of these bones showed signs
of being used as food.41 Two rather surprising finds were the mandible of a small dog and the

35
36
37
38
39
40
41

Bitter 2011; Hiemstra-Visser
Glass not included in catalogue
Van Dijk 2012: 66
VAN DER HEUL 9
mandible of a guinea pig. The guinea pig was unexpected, as it was the first archaeological
find of one in the Netherlands.42
Interpretation of the assemblage
Several conclusions about the social circumstances of Hof Ramsburg can be drawn
from the assemblage of finds. Firstly, the contents of the waste pits at Hof Ramsburg
represent the nearly complete household of a late seventeenth- to early eighteenth-century
family. Several aspects of the assemblage support this dating. Namely, the substances of the
pits consist of a large number of finds that can be dated to the period 1675-1750; a clay pipe
with an exact date teaches us that the pits must have been filled sometime after 1710; and the
dating of the glassware fits very well within the date prompted by the pottery.
Another conclusion that can be drawn from the finds is that they fit in the average
inventory of an agricultural family of that time.43 Several things indicate that the family must
have been of a modest social background. The pottery material found in the pits consists
mostly of cooking material and other kitchenware, and most of the material appears to be
mass-produced. The quality of the decorations is usually quite poor, and the relatively large
amount of white faience similarly indicates that the household was modest. The large
numbers of skillets, cauldrons, bowls, and plates, point towards a large family.
The majolica material from Ramsburg also corresponds to the modest conditions of
the era from which most the finds are. During most of the 16th century, majolica was seen as
luxurious material. However, by the end of the century it was already less prestigious, and the
emergence of faience in the second half of the seventeenth century ensured that majolica lost
its lavish image completely.44 By the end of the seventeenth century, average households
could afford majolica, which explains its presence in the Ramsburg assemblage.
A large portion of the red and white wares found during the excavation of Hof
Ramsburg was made in the Netherlands. Only a small part of the red ware came from
Germany. The faience and majolica objects all seem to be from the Netherlands. The entire
collection of porcelain was apparently imported from China, and stoneware was made in
Germany. A few other objects were of foreign origin, including the industrial red teapot from
unknown origin and a Jyde pot from Jutland, Denmark. This means that approximately
eleven per cent of the pottery from this excavation was imported from abroad, and the

42
43
44
See Van Dijk & Silkens 2012

Jaspers 2010: 127; Meijlink & Silkens 2012: 45
VAN DER HEUL 10
remaining eighty-nine per cent was of domestic origin.45 This supports the idea that the bulk
of the material dates to the farmstead phase prior to the richer estate phase, which would
probably have left more material imported from abroad.
A third conclusion that can be drawn is that the relative completeness of the
assemblage suggests a radical clear-out that took place during the transition of ownership.46
This is supported by the notable concentrations of nails and window glass found in the waste
pits, which might be the remains of demolition material that was discarded during this
transition. According to Van der Broeke, a gentleman named Balguerie modified the
farmstead to the estate that became known as Hof Ramsburg.47 Considering the date of most
of the material in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century and the suggestion that the
pits must have been filled after 1710, the collection finds could indicate the shift between the
farmstead phase and the estate phase of Hof Ramsburg. From the wealthy estate phase, much
less pottery has been found. It is possible that pottery was less used in this period, or the
owners were simply more careful with their possessions and took their kitchen inventory
home after their summer stay in the country.
So far, the finds could easily fit in the expected inventory of an average agricultural
family of that time. However, some remarkable animal remains from the pits seem to
complicate that view. First there is the find of a small lap dog. Where larger dogs are
regularly found in similar contexts, this specific type of pet is generally associated with richer
contexts.48 Even more surprising was the find of a mandible of guinea pig. Guinea pig
remains are extremely rare in archaeological contexts. Moreover, these types of animals were
considered special at the time, and were regarded as luxurious, exotic animals.49
A possible explanation for the presence of these rich remains in an otherwise
relatively standard collection of finds could be the specific moment these goods were
dumped.50 The fact that most of the finds from the pits can be dated to the late seventeenth
and eighteenth century, and the date of the aforementioned clay pipe, both correspond with
the shift in ownership to Balguerie, which the sources place at around 1720. The pits could
have been left open during the clear-out of the estate, and the animal bones could have been

45
46
47
48
49
50

Van der Broeke 2012: 18
Laarman 1990: 130
VAN DER HEUL 11
added later. Unfortunately, the archaeological stratigraphy does not provide clues in this
regard.
There is, however, another possibility. In Mons, Belgium, eight fragments of a
skeleton belonging to a guinea pig were found in a cellar filling in the backyard of a middle
class residence.51 This find suggests that soon after the beginning of the seventeenth century,
a middle class family in Belgium was able to purchase this animal as well, probably as a
status symbol. Although the presence of the guinea pig amongst the finds from Ramsburg
may be surprising to archaeologists today, the analogy suggests that the owner of the earlier
farmstead in Middelburg in the early eighteenth century could afford such an animal.
The presence of this modest collection of finds in combination with more expensive
goods could also be explained by the theory of the traditionalising process, on which a
considerable amount of research exists. According to this theory, consumption is a
communication tool, and by consuming certain goods people distinguish themselves from
others who do not possess these goods.52 In the case of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century
rural estates on Walcheren, residents made distinctive choices in their use of consumer goods.
Studies have devoted attention to the influence of the rural context of rural residents on their
consumption, warning against too simplistic contrast between city and countryside, with the
city labelled as developed and the country as 'backward'.53 Rural areas in the early modern
period were aware of making out-dated choices with regards to consumer goods, rather than
standing still or lagging behind. Rural residents embraced new objects that came onto the
market, but then they clung to old objects while new alternatives were available. This stance
was not the result of a passive position, but rather an active choice in the creation of a rural
identity.54
The traditionalising process mainly took place in rural areas close to cities with
prosperous and self-confident farmers who distinguished themselves consciously from urban
dwellers in their consumption patterns and thus created their own rural identity.55 In the
nineteenth century, his behaviour did not just occur in the Netherlands, but also in other
countries, such as Hungary, Denmark, Germany, Austria, and the United States.56 In these
countries the process similarly took place in rural areas close to large cities. The same

51
Pigire et al. 2011

Neele 2011: 71
53
Van Koolbergen 1983; Voskuil 1978; Schuurman 1989
54
Schuurman 1989: 268-282
55
Neele 2011: 65
56
For a full description of these foreign studies, see Schuurman 1989: 268-282
52
VAN DER HEUL 12
behavior is noted in a study done on Weesperkarspel in the eighteenth century.57 According

to these studies, the traditionalising process required the existence of a thriving agricultural
population in the vicinity of a large city. This custom could explain the discrepancy between
the modest kitchenware material and the richer goods such as the remains of the guinea pig
and the small dog at Ramsburg: perhaps the owners were not as ordinary as they are now
perceived to be.
Comparison to contemporary estate: Hof Elsenoord
The traditionalising process can also be applied to another estate close to Hof
Ramsburg. Hof Elsenoord is a similar case on Walcheren of which only the material of an
early stage of the complex has been excavated. Historical sources learn that a farm was
located at the site of Elsenoord since at least 1678. It is quite possible that a late medieval
predecessor preceded this farm. In the period between 1705 and 1717 the farm was
demolished for the construction of a new house. The eighteenth-century manor house was in
turn demolished in 1879 and the demolition material was used for the construction of the
military police barracks in Westkapelle.58 Just like Ramsburg, the farm at Elsenoord was
demolished thoroughly, which also included the removal of the foundations.59 The finds from
the pits date mainly from the last quarter of the 16th and the first half of the seventeenth
century. This means that the discoveries made are not from the richer phase, but are rather
attributed to the earlier farm building. Unsurprisingly, the simple nature of the finds is better
suited to the inventory of a farm than that of a rich estate.60 This makes it comparable to the
case of Ramsburg.
Interestingly, there is a lack of finds from the later estate period at both Ramsburg and
Elsenoord. Perhaps the later estate owners brought their more expensive objects with them as
they left, instead of discarding them like they did the cheap objects. However, Schuurmans
theory on the traditionalising process is another possibility: the residents of both Hof
Ramsburg and Hof Elsenoord kept using older, more out-dated objects while living in the
countryside, in order to create a rural identity. This is supported by the Dutch and foreign
case studies mentioned above, and could explain the lack of wealthy finds at both Ramsburg
and Elsenoord. Perhaps the residents chose to leave these out-dated objects behind in favour

57
58
59
60
For a full description of the Weesperkarspel study, see Van Koolbergen 1983: 3-53
Conijn & Silkens 2010: 10
Conijn & Silkens 2010: 4
Conijn & Silkens 2010
VAN DER HEUL 13
of the more expensive and durable objects that were more suited to the city lifestyle they
were returning to.
Conclusion
The assemblage of Hof Ramsburg is unusual in several ways due to the specific social
circumstances of the time in which Ramsburg was inhabited, and a combination of
archaeological research and historical sources can tell us more about these circumstances.
Firstly, the contents of the waste pits at Hof Ramsburg represent the household of a late
seventeenth- to early eighteenth-century family. Several aspects of the assemblage support
this, such as the dating of the pottery and the glassware.
Secondly, it is remarkable that the finds from the three waste pits form a seemingly
complete household assemblage. The relative completeness of the collection suggests a
radical clear-out that took place during the transition of ownership. This is confirmed by
several other finds, such as the clay pipe that indicates that the pits must have been filled after
1710, and the concentrations of nails and window glass in the pits which could be the remains
of demolition material. Similarly, historical sources indicate that a new phase of ownership
started with Balguerie around 1720.
There is an interesting discrepancy between the relatively modest nature of the
kitchenware from the pits and the richer finds such as the remains of a guinea pig and a small
dog. The pits could have been left open during the transition in ownership, or the inhabitants
of the early farmstead could in fact afford these animals. Another possible explanation could
be that there was a traditionalising process at Ramsburg that expressed itself in the fondness
of more out-dated, cheaper objects, which they chose to leave behind in favour of the objects
that were more suited to the city lifestyle they were returning to.
Regardless of the multitude of theories on several aspects of the assemblage found at
Hof Ramsburg, it is clear that the combination of archaeological and historical research offers
possible interpretations of the daily lives of rural households in the seventeenth and
eighteenth century.
VAN DER HEUL 14

Works Cited:
Atlas Hattinga. Kaart van Walcheren, p. 8 inv. 23 (1750).
Bartels, M. Steden in Scherven/Cities in Sherds. Vondsten uit beerputten in Deventer,

Dordrecht, Nijmegen en Tiel (1250-1900). Deventer (2011).
Bitter, P., S. Ostkamp S. & Jaspers, NL. Stappenplan voor het publiceren volgens het
Deventer Systeem in ADC-rapporten. Amersfoort (2009).
Claeys, J., Jaspers, N.L. & Ostkamp, S. Vier eeuwen leven en sterven aan de Dokkershaven
in Vlissingen. Een archeologische opgraving in ADC-monografie 9. Amersfoort
(2010).
Den Heijer, H. Goud, ivoor en slaven. Scheepvaart en handel van de Tweede Westindische
Compagnie op Afrika, 1674-1740. Zutphen: Walburg pers (1997).
Dibbits, H., Vertrouwd bezit. Materile cultuur in Doesburg en Maassluis 1650-1800.
Nijmegen (2001).
Gargon, M. Walchersche Arkadia, deel 2. Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans (1717).
Gawronski, J & R Jayasena. Een 17de-eeuwse beerput in de grachtengordel. Archeologische
opgraving Keizersgracht 355. Amsterdam (2009).
Harcourt, R.A., 1974. The dog in prehistoric and early historic Britain, Journal of
Archaeological Science 1, 151-175.
Jaspers, N.L. De materile wereld en het dagelijks leven aan de Dokkershaven, in Claeys,
Japsters & Ostkamp (eds.), Vier eeuwen leven en sterven aan de Dokkershaven in
Vlissingen. Een archeologische opgraving. Amersfoort (2010).
Joosse, L. J. Zierikzee en de Walcherse zendingsactiviteiten rond 1620 en 1628 (1993): 3346.
Kesteloo, H.M. De Stadsrekeningen van Middelburg IX. 1700-1810, in Vroegere en latere
mededeelingen voornamelijk in betrekking tot Zeeland, uitgegeven door het Zeeuwsch
Genootschap der Wetenschappen Achtste deel, vijfde stuk. Middelburg (1902).
Laarman, F. Kampen tot op het bot. In: H. Clevis & M. Smit (eds.), Verscholen in vuil:
archeologische vondsten uit Kampen 1375-1925. Kampen: Stichting Archeologie IJssel
Vechtstreek (1990). 130-137.
Meijlink, B. & Silens, B. Het Hof Ramsburg: Archeologische opgraving van een 17e/18eeeuwse boerderij & buitenplaats aan de Oude Veerseweg te Middelburg. Walcherse
Archeologische Dienst (2012).
Neele, Arno. De ontdekking van het Zeeuwse platteland: culturele verhoudingen tussen stad
VAN DER HEUL 15

en platteland in Zeeland 1750-1850. Universiteit Utrecht (2011).
Nicholson, Paul. Faience Technology, in UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1. UCLA:

Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (2009).
Pigire, Fabienne, Wim van Neer, Ccile Ansieau, Marceline Denis. New archaeozoological
evidence for the introduction of the guinea pig to Europe, in Journal of Achaeological
Science 39 (2011). 1020-1024.
Schuurman, A. J., Materile cultuur en levensstijl. Een onderzoek naar de taal der dingen op
het Nederlandse platteland in de 19e eeuw: de Zaanstreek, Oost Groningen, OostBrabant. Wageningen (1989).
Topografische kaarten en plattegronden van de Hattingas 1724-1755, Map 10, Kaarten van
Walcheren, 1:12.000.
Van Cruyningen, Piet. Demographic behaviour of landowning farmers in eighteenth-century
Zeeland, in Where the twain meet again. New results of the Dutch Russian project on
regional development 1780-1917 34. Nederlands Agronomisch Historisch Instituut
(2009). 363-269.
Van Dijk & Silkens. The first archaeological find of a guinea pig in the Netherlands in D.
Raemeakers et al (eds) A bouquet of archaeozoological studies (2012).
Van Koolbergen, Hans. De materile cultuur van Weesp en Weesperkarspel in de
zeventiende en achttiende eeuw, in Volkskundig Bulletin 9:1. Amsterdam: Meertens
Instituut (1983). 3-52.
Voskuil, J.J. Boedelbeschrijvingen als bron voor de kennis van groepsvorming en
groepsgedrag, in Volkskundig Bulletin 13 (1978). 30-59.
Zeeuws Archief, Archief Rekenkamer II inv. nr. 1128, fol. 282 en 282 verso & ZA;
Verzameling Handschriften Rijksarchief in Zeeland inv.nr. 1198, fol. 282 en 282 verso.
VAN DER HEUL 16
Appendix A:
Excavation map
Waste pits are indicated in green, and are labeled KL 1
Source: Meijlink & Silkens 2012: 25
VAN DER HEUL 17

Appendix B:
Hattinga map
Hattinga 1750
VAN DER HEUL 18

Appendix C:
Graphs and tables
All pottery from excavation
Pottery from three waste pits
Pottery
Metal
Animal bone
Clay pipe
Glass
Natural stone
Building material
3382
273
368
260
579
3
236
Materials from entire excavation with

numbers of fragments
Pottery
Metal
Animal bone
Clay pipe
Glass
Natural stone
Building material
2047
164
246
190
579
3
72
Types of material from waste pits with

numbers of fragments
VAN DER HEUL 19
VAN DER HEUL 20

Appendix D:
Catalogue of finds
After all the material from Hof Ramsburg was counted and inventoried, a more indepth investigation into the archaeologically complete individuals began. In every function
group, the complete individuals were selected and these were measured, described, and given
a number according to the Deventer system. This system is the most frequently used for the
classification of pottery found in the Netherlands.
The code given to the individuals is based on the shape of the piece and the material
used. The first part of the code is the type of pottery - in this case it is usually r for red ware,
w for white ware, and p indicating porcelain. The middle part of the Deventer code is the
type of pottery; it can be bor for plate or kom for bowl. A translation of these types of
pottery can be found in section 7 of every category. The number at the end of the Deventer
code is the specific shape of the object.
Four sources were used to determine the Deventer code: a basic catalogue with all the
shapes and their codes by Bitter; a catalogue of findings from Deventer, Dordrecht, Nijmegen
and Tiel by Bartels, with drawings, pictures, and descriptions; a catalogue with the
archaeological material that was found in Vlissingen at Dokkershaven by Claeys et al.; and a
catalogue by Gawronski. The four catalogues combined give a good indication of what the
individuals from Hof Ramsburg are.

Numbering index:
1a. Number
1b. Context
2. Deventer code: Type of pottery form of pottery type number
3. Dating
4a. Measurements: maximum diameter/height
4b. Description of type
5a. Type of Pottery
5b. Surface treatment: Glazing
5c. Decorations
5d. Remarks
6a. Base
6b. Additives
6c. Completeness
7. Function
8. Place of production
9. Sources and comparisons
VAN DER HEUL 21
VAN DER HEUL 22
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-3
34
Pit Ramsburg / 17th-18th century
r-bor-18
1675-1800
31/8
Plate with a hollow base, foot-ring,
collar edge kicked inwards
Red ware
Red ocher/Internally led glazed and
externally sparingly led glazed
Slip decoration of garland in the
centre and two sets of lines with
opposite spirals
External glazing only few drops
Foot-ring
More than complete
Plate
The Netherlands
Claeys et al., 612, cat. 279
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-2
34
r-bor-18
1675-1800
29,5/7
Plate with hollow base, foot-ring,
collar edge
Red ware
Red/internally led glazed and
externally sparingly led glazed
Slip decoration of garland in the
centre and two sets of lines with
opposite spirals
External glazing only few drops
Foot-ring
complete
Plate
The Netherlands
Claeys et al, 612, cat. 279
VAN DER HEUL 23
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-7
34
r-lek-2
1675-1750
51/4
Strainer with hollow base, three
feet and a collar edge
Red ware
Red/internally lead glazed and
externally lead glazed
3 feet
Two handles
Complete profile, minor fragments
missing
Strainer
The Nederlands
Bartels 2011, 702, cat. 624;
Gawronski 2011, 275, cat. 983 ;
Claeys et. al, 522, cat. 29
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-7
1507
Hof Ramsburg / 17th-18th century
w-ver-5
1625-1700
28/12
Green strainer with three feet
White ware
Full lead glaze (green)
Three feet
Incomplete profile; handles
missing
Strainer
The Netherlands
-
VAN DER HEUL 24
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-6
34
ir-the-5
1675-1750
12/9
teapot with lid
Industrial Chinese red ware
Flat base
One vertical rod handle
Almost complete
Teapot
China
Bartels 2012: 933, cat. 1485
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-7
34
pit Ramsburg / 17th/18th century
r-bor-5
1675-1750
33/7
Plate with ring base
Red ware
Internally fully lead-glazed;
externally sparingly glazed
External glazing consists of only a
few drops
Foot-ring
Fragment, incomplete profile
Plate
The Nederlands
Claeys et al. 534, cat 64.
VAN DER HEUL 25
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-18
34
r-pot-60
1675-1750
40/28
Cauldron with foot-ring and two
vertical ears
Red ware
External: lead-glazed from
shoulders upwards; internal: full
lead glaze
External furrows on shoulders
Foot-ring
Complete profile; few fragments
missing
Cauldron
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 271, cat. 956
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-15
34
r-gra-46
1675-1750
32/13
Skillet with long handle and three
feet
Red ware
Fully lead-glazed
Soot on the outside
Three feet
Handle
Profile complete ; few fragments
missing
Skillet
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 274, cat. 973 ;
Claeys et al. 551, cat. 110
VAN DER HEUL 26
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-8
34
r-stk-2
1625-1700
25/11
Skillet with handle, slightly tilted
Red ware
Full lead glaze
Soot marks on bottom
Three feet
Complete
Skillet
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 226, cat. 643 ;
Gawronski 2012, 275, cat. 980 ;
Claeys et al. 517, cat. 11 ;
Claeys et. al 520, cat. 23
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2967-1
34
jy-gra-1
1650-1750
26/25
Cauldron with two ears
Jyde
Two vertical ears
Half complete
Cauldron
Jutland, Denmark
Gawronski 2012 : 214, cat. 569
VAN DER HEUL 27
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-4
34
r-bor-18
1675-1750
26,5/5
Plate with double rim and foot-ring
Red ware
Full lead glaze
Slip decoration of meandering line
on rim
Foot-ring
Profile complete, few fragments
missing
Plate
The Netherlands
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-12 / 2973-19
34
r-gra-12 + r-dek-13
1650-1725
40-21
Cauldron with lid, three feet, and
two vertical handles
Red ware
Full lead glaze
Furrows around the outside
Three feet
Two vertical handles on cauldron
and handle on lid
Fragment missing from cauldron
and fragment missing from lid
handle
Cauldron with lid
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 274, cat. 979 ;
Gawronski 2012, 190,
VAN DER HEUL 28
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2971-4
34
r-gra-43
1675-1725
20/15
Tripod pipkin with three feet, one
handle and green glazing on inside
Red ware
Lead-glazed
Furrows on outside; green slip on
lower half of inside
Three feet
Handle
3/4th complete, two fragments from
rim missing and one fragment from
body
Tripod pipkin
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 218, cat. 593;
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-20
34
r-bor-38
1675-1750
19/3
Plate with flat base
Red ware
Lead glaze
Orange, light green and dark green
speckles in untidy circular pattern
Flat base
Half complete
Plate
Lower Rhine, Germany
Gawronski 2012 : 278, cat. 1004
VAN DER HEUL 29
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-5
34
r-bor-18
1675-1750
26,5/5
Plate with double rim and foot-ring
Red ware
Full lead glaze
Slip decoration of meandering line
on rim
Foot-ring
Profile complete, few fragments
missing
Plate
The Netherlands
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-5
34
r-stk-2
1625-1700
25/11
Skillet with handle, slightly tilted
Red ware
Full lead glaze
Soot marks on bottom
Three feet
Complete
Skillet
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 226, cat. 643 ;
Gawronski 2012, 275, cat. 980 ;
Claeys et al. 517, cat. 11 ;
VAN DER HEUL 30
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-17
34
r-gra-12
1700-1725
45/13
Cauldron with two handles
Red ware
Lead glaze
Three feet
Two vertical handles
Complete
Marmite
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012: 275, cat. 979
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2964-6
34
r-kom-74
1675-1750
36/15,5
Large bowl with spout and footring
Red ware
Lead glaze
Foot-ring
Spout
Nearly complete, few fragments
missing
Spouted bowl
The Netherlands
Dijkstra et al. 2006: 360, cat. 286
VAN DER HEUL 31
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-14
34
r-pot-?
1650-1750
24/30
Cauldron with three feet and two
vertical handles
Red ware
Fully lead-glazed
Three feet
Two handles
Complete, few fragments missing
Cauldron
The Netherlands
-
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-16
34
r-gra-12
1700-1725
45/13
Cauldron with two handles
Red ware
Fully lead-glazed
Black deposit on bottom
Three feet
Two handles
Profile complete ; few fragments
missing from bottom
Marmite
The Netherlands
VAN DER HEUL 32
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-25
34
r-dek-15
1700-1775
13/3
Lid with knob
Red-firing
Lead glaze
Knob
complete
Lid
The Netherlands
Bartels 2012, 652, cat. 448;
Clevis & Smit 1990, cat. 42;
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-24
34
r-dek-12
1740-1775
4/1,5
Lid with knob
Red ware
Lead glaze
Knob
Complete
Lid
The Netherlands / Lower Rhine
Bartels 2012, 655, cat. 455
VAN DER HEUL 33
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-2
34
r-gra-43
1675-1725
-/19,5
Tripod pipkin with three feet, one
handle and green glazing on inside
Red ware
Lead-glazed
Furrows on outside, green slip on
lower half of inside
Three feet
Handle
3/4th complete, two fragments from
rim missing and one fragment from
body
Tripod pipkin
The Netherlands
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2963-3
34
w-pot-5
1725-1800
17/8,5
Spouted pot
White ware
Fully lead-glazed
Brown slip decoration on outside
Foot-ring
complete
Spouted pot
Germany
Gawronski 2012, 280, cat. 1014 ;
Gawronski 2012, 280, cat. 1015 ;
Claeys et. Al : 608, cat. 265
VAN DER HEUL 34
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-12
34
w-kop-6
10,5/4
Small bowl
White ware
Lead glaze
Green slip all over
Flat base
complete
Small bowl
The Netherlands
-
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2972-3
34
156
1550-1650
Amphora
White ware
complete
Amphora
Iberia
VAN DER HEUL 35
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-4
40
r-kop-11
1650-1750
15/7
Cup with one handle and foot-ring
Red ware
Internally lead-glazed, lead glaze
on rim
Green slip decoration on inside
Foot-ring
Horizontal handle
complete
The Netherlands
Claeys et. al, 601, cat. 246;
Gawronski 225, cat. 636
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-3
40
r-kop-11
1650-1750
15,5/8
Cup with foot-ring
Red ware
Internally lead-glazed, lead glaze
on rim
Green slip decoration on inside
Foot-ring
complete
The Netherlands
Claeys et. al, 601, cat. 246;
Gawronski 225, cat. 636
VAN DER HEUL 36
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-23
34
r-kop-8
1675-1750
10,5/4
Cup
Redware
Lead glaze
Black speckles
Flat base
Fragment missing from rim and
from base
Cup
The Netherlands
-
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-19
34
we-bor-1
1600-1700
18/4
Plate
Red and green sets of vertical lines
on rim; in centre, a circle of three
green dots and three red tridents
Flat base
complete
Plate
Germany
Claeys et al.: 279, img. 154
VAN DER HEUL 37
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-7
34
w-pot-5
15/11,5
Yellow spouted pot with three feet
and two horizontal ears, of which
one missing
White ware
Full yellow lead glaze
Three feet
Three feet; two vertical ears
complete, one ear missing
Spouted pot
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 280, cat. 1014;
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-6
34
w-vlo-1
1600-1700
26/8
Yellow flat candlestick with three
feet and two horizontal ears
White ware
Fully lead-glazed (yellow)
Three feet
Three feet; two horizontal ears
Complete
Flat candlestick
The Netherlands
Bartels 2011, 724, cat. 701 ;
VAN DER HEUL 38
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2963-2
34
r-kom-1
1675-1750
19/8
Bowl/porringer with foot-ring,
hollow base and two horizontal
ears
Red ware
Fully lead-glazed
Slip decoration of garland on
external rim; untidy yellow circular
pattern on inside
Foot-ring
Two handles
Complete
Bowl/porringer
The Netherlands
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-13
157
w-dek-10
1675-1725
12/3
Lid
White ware
Fully lead-glazed (yellow)
Handle
Nearly complete ; fragment of
handle missing
Lid
The Netherlands
VAN DER HEUL 39
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2795-7
34
f-kom1675-1750
15/7
Bowl with foot-ring
White ware
Lead glaze
Foot-ring
complete
Bowl
Unknown
-
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-10
34
p-kop-1
1700-1780
7/4,5
Small cup
White porcelain
Lead glaze
Blue under-glaze; exterior chamois
leather slip
Foot-ring
Half complete
Cup
Jingdezhen, China
Gawronski 2012 : 292, cat. 1095 ;
Bartels 2011 : 870, cat. 1234
VAN DER HEUL 40
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-1
34
r-bor-10
1700-1760
20/3,5
Red-firing earthenware
Internally lead-glazed
Green and yellow slip decoration;
circular pattern of dots; white rim
Externally not glazed
Flat base
Almost complete, two fragments
missing
Plate
Bartels 2012: 649, cat. 432;
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2963-4
43
r-bor-10
1700/1760
17/3
Inernally lead-glazed
Slip decoration of garland in
centre; white rim
Externally not glazed
Flat base
One small fragment missing
Plate
Bartels 2012: 650, cat. 433;
VAN DER HEUL 41
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2973-11
43
r-tes-1
1625-1750
17/10
Square brazier with three feet
Fully lead-glazed
Originally three feet
One ear
One of three feet missing
Brazier
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012: 274, cat. 972;
Claeys et. al. 554, cat. 119
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-10
43
r-tes-1
1625-1750
15/9
Fully lead-glazed
Three feet
One ear
3/4th complete, one side missing
Brazier
The Netherlands
VAN DER HEUL 42
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-16
73
r-tes-1
1675-1750
15/9
Square brazier with three feet and
one handle
Lead glaze
Three feet
Handle
Half complete
Brazier
The Netherlands
Claeys et al., 602, cat. 248;
Gawronski 2012: 226, cat. 647 ;
Inv nr: 2973-10

1a:
34
1b:
pit Ramsburg / 17th-18th century
2:
r-tes-1
3:
1675-1750
4a:
16/9
4b:
5a:
5b:
Red/internally lead-glazed and
externally sparingly lead-glazed
5c:
5d:
Externally sparingly glazed;
external scorching marks
6a:
Three feet
6b:
6c:
2/3 complete
7:
Brazier
8:
The Netherlands
9:
Claeys et al., 602, cat. 248
Gawronski 2012: 226, cat. 647 ;
Gawronski 2012 : 274, cat. 972
VAN DER HEUL 43
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-21
156
r-bor-7
1700-1780
36/4
Wedding gift plate with flat base
and decoration of bird
Red ware
Lead glaze
Light green parallel set of lines
around plate; bird in centre
Flat base
complete
Wedding gift plate
Gawronski 2012 : 278, cat. 1003 ;
Bartels 2011 : 648, cat. 428
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-4
153
r-bor-7
1700-1780
36/4
Wedding gift plate with flat base
and decoration of bird and wedding
date
Red ware
Lead glaze
Light green parallel set of lines
around plate; bird in centre with
date 1724
Flat base
complete
Wedding gift plate
Gawronski 2012 : 278, cat. 1003 ;
Gawronski 2012 : 232, cat. 681 ;
Bartels 2001 : 648, cat. 429
VAN DER HEUL 44
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-2
34
1675-1750
5,5/4,2
Small cup
Porcelain
Lead-glazed
Slip decoration of orange leaves,
green dots, and blue vertical and
horizontal lines
Foot-ring
Half complete
Cup
Unknown
-
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2975-15
34
1675-1750
26/Chamber pot with single vertical
handle and foot-ring
Red ware
Lead-glazed
Foot-ring
Half complete
Chamber pot
The Netherlands
Gawronski 2012, 217, cat. 588 ;
VAN DER HEUL 45
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2374-4
34
Pit Ramsburg /17th-18th century
f-sbe-1
1675-1750
25/7
Barbers with foot-ring
Faience/delftware
Tin glaze
Blue slip decoration of flowers on
inside of dish; no decoration on
outside/bottom
Foot-ring
Cut-out for neck
Half complete
Barbers bowl
Delft, the Netherlands
Bartels 2011 : 830, cat. 1085 ;
Jacobs & Van Veen 1996 : 124
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-8
34
f-bor-13
1675-1780
22/3
Plate with foot-ring
Faience/delftware
Tin glaze
Blue flowers in square medallions,
central depiction of flowers in vase
Foot-ring
Complete
Plate
The Netherlands
Claeys et al. 546, cat. 94
VAN DER HEUL 46
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-14
34
p-bot-1
1675-1750
8/3,5
Ointment jar
White porcelain
Lead glaze
Blue slip decoration of flowers on
outside
Lid missing
Flat base
Nearly complete, small fragment
missing from rim
Ointment jar
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2964-28
34
Unknown
1675-1750
22/3,5
Plate with foot-ring
White porcelain
Blue oriental decorations in
circular floral patterns; David star
in centre
Foot-ring
Almost complete, few fragments
missing
Plate
Unknown
-
VAN DER HEUL 47
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-5
34
p-bor-6?
1600-1700
10/3
Small deep plate with foot-ring
White porcelain
Felspar glaze
Cobalt blue decoration of flowers
in centre; empty rim
Foot-ring
complete
Plate
The Netherlands
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-12
34
p-bor-1?
1675-1725
11/3
Small deep plate with foot-ring
White porcelain
Felspar glaze, external ochre
Cobalt oxide (blue) decoration of
flower inside circle; flower
decoration on rim
Foot-ring
Complete
Plate
The Netherlands
VAN DER HEUL 48
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2961-29
34
p-bor-1
11/2
Small deep plate without flag with
foot-ring
White porcelain
Felspar glaze
Decoration in cobalt oxide (blue),
landscape with water and trees;
small zigzag lines on rim
Foot-ring
Half complete
Plate
The Netherlands
Claeys et. al 614, cat. 285; Claeys
et al 615, cat. 287
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-12
34
p-bor-1
1675-1725
12/3
Small deep plate without flag with
foot-ring
White porcelain
Felspar glaze, external ochre
Cobalt oxide (blue) decoration of
flower inside circle; flower
decoration on rim
Foot-ring
Complete
Plate
The Netherlands
VAN DER HEUL 49
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-23
34
f-bor-5?
1700-1780
22/2
White faience/delftware
Tin glaze
Blue flowers in medallions; central
flowers
Flat base
Large piece missing from rim
Plate
Bartels 2011: 806, cat. 996
Inv nr:
1a:
1b:
2:
3:
4a:
4b:
5a:
5b:
5c:
5d:
6a:
6b:
6c:
7:
8:
9:
2974-29
34
f-bor-5
1700-1780
23/3
Tin glaze
Blue small roses and flowers in
medallions; central flower within
flower star
Flat base
Several small pieces missing,
largely complete
Plate
(Bij benadering) Bartels 2011 :
806, cat. 99
Inv nr: 2974-21

1a:
34
1b:
Pit Ramsburg / 17th-18th
century
2:
f-bor-5
3:
1700-1800
4a:
22,5/2
4b:
Plate
5a:
5b:
Tin glaze
5c:
Blue flowers in and between
medallions;
central scenery of water
landscape and
trees
5d:
6a:
Flat base
6b:
6c:
One piece missing from rim
7:
Plate
8:
9:
Bartels 2011: 803, cat. 982
Inv nr: 2963-24

1a:
34
1b:
century
2:
f-bor-7
3:
1700-1770
4a:
16/2
4b:
Small plate with flat base
5a:
5b:
Tin glaze
5c:
5d:
6a:
Flat base
6b:
6c:
Nearly complete
7:
Plate
8:
The Netherlands
9:
Bartels 2011 : 808, cat. 1004 ;
Bartels 2001 : 807, cat. 998
VAN DER HEUL
Inv nr: 2974-48

1a:
34
1b:
century
2:
f-bor-1
3:
1700-1800
4a:
23/4
4b:
White plates
5a:
White ware
5b:
Lead glaze
5c:
5d:
6a:
Foot-ring
6b:
6c:
Complete
7:
Plate
8:
The Netherlands
9:
Bartels 2012, 847, cat. 1251;
Gawronski 2011 288, cat.
1072; Claeys et. al 604, cat.
253
Inv nr: 2974-24

1a:
34
1b:
century
2:
f-bor-1
3:
1700-1800
4a:
23/4
4b:
Set of white plates
5a:
White ware
5b:
Lead glaze
5c:
5d:
6a:
Foot-ring
6b:
6c:
Complete
7:
Plates
8:
The Netherlands
9:
Bartels 2012, 847, cat. 1251;
Gawronski 2011, 288, cat.
1072 ; Claeys et. al 604, cat.
253
51

Ramsburg Paper PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Ramsburg Paper PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Archaeological Finds from Hof Ramsburg:

Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Rural Zeeland

Hilde van der Heul

VAN DER HEUL 2

VAN DER HEUL 3

VAN DER HEUL 4

Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie

VAN DER HEUL 5

Van Cruyningen 2009: 263

VAN DER HEUL 6

VAN DER HEUL 7

Catalogue page 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38, 41

VAN DER HEUL 8

Catalogue page 22, inv. 2973-6

VAN DER HEUL 9

See Van Dijk & Silkens 2012

VAN DER HEUL 10

Meijlink & Silkens 2012: 42

VAN DER HEUL 11

Pigire et al. 2011

VAN DER HEUL 12

behavior is noted in a study done on Weesperkarspel in the eighteenth century.57 According

VAN DER HEUL 13

VAN DER HEUL 14

Bartels, M. Steden in Scherven/Cities in Sherds. Vondsten uit beerputten in Deventer,

VAN DER HEUL 15

Nicholson, Paul. Faience Technology, in UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1. UCLA:

VAN DER HEUL 16

Source: Meijlink & Silkens 2012: 25

VAN DER HEUL 17

VAN DER HEUL 18

All pottery from excavation

Pottery from three waste pits

Materials from entire excavation with

Types of material from waste pits with

VAN DER HEUL 19

VAN DER HEUL 20

VAN DER HEUL 21

VAN DER HEUL 22

VAN DER HEUL 23

VAN DER HEUL 24

VAN DER HEUL 25

VAN DER HEUL 26

VAN DER HEUL 27

VAN DER HEUL 28

VAN DER HEUL 29

VAN DER HEUL 30

VAN DER HEUL 31

VAN DER HEUL 32

VAN DER HEUL 33

VAN DER HEUL 34

VAN DER HEUL 35

VAN DER HEUL 36

VAN DER HEUL 37

VAN DER HEUL 38

VAN DER HEUL 39

VAN DER HEUL 40

VAN DER HEUL 41

VAN DER HEUL 42

Inv nr: 2973-10

VAN DER HEUL 43

VAN DER HEUL 44

VAN DER HEUL 45