UNIX Shell-Scripting Basics PDF

http://oracleapps88.blogspot.
com/
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UNIX Shell-Scripting
Basics
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http://oracleapps88.blogspot.com/
Agenda
What is a shell? A shell script? O

P
Introduction to bash
S
G
Running Commands LO
B
.
Applied Shell Programming
8
8
S
P
A
E
.C
T
What is a shell?
.B
8
S
P
A
E
.C
T
What is a shell?
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/bin/bash
L
.B
8
S
P
A
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What is a shell?
.C
T
#!/bin/bash
L
.B
8
S
P
A
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What is a shell?
.C
T
INPUT
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8
8
shell
S
P
A
E
A
OUTPUT
R
ERROR
What is a shell?
.C
T
Any Program
O
P
But there are a few popular shells
S
L
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8
S
P
A
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Bourne Shells
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T
/bin/sh
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8
8 /bin/bash
S
P
Bourne-Again Shell
A
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Steve Bourne
Other Common Shells
C Shell (/bin/csh)
O
P
Turbo C Shell (/bin/tcsh) S
G
Korn Shell (/bin/ksh)LO
8
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8
S
P
A
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.C
T
An aside: What do I mean by /bin ? M

O
C Shell (/bin/csh)
O
P
Turbo C Shell (/bin/tcsh) S
G
Korn Shell (/bin/ksh)LO
8
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8
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An aside: What do I mean by /bin ? M

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/bin, /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin T
O
/sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/sbin
P
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G
/tmp
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/dev
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8
/home/borwicjh
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A
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A
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What is a Shell Script?
A Text File
With Instructions
Executable
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8
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What is a Shell Script?

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% cat > hello.sh <<MY_PROGRAM
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#!/bin/sh
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echo Hello, worldLO
B
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MY_PROGRAM
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% chmod +x hello.sh
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P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
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What is a Shell Script? A Text File M

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#!/bin/sh
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echo Hello, worldLO
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MY_PROGRAM
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8
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% chmod +x hello.sh
P
P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
A
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O
An aside: Redirection
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cat > /tmp/myfile

O
cat >> /tmp/myfile
P
S
G 0
cat 2> /tmp/myerr
INPUT
O
L
cat < /tmp/myinput
env
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8
cat <<INPUT
8
OUTPUT 1
S
Some input
P
INPUT
P
A
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cat > /tmp/x
2>&1
L
C
A
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O
ERROR 2
What is a Shell Script? How To Run

M
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#!/bin/sh
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echo Hello, worldLO
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MY_PROGRAM
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% chmod +x hello.sh
P
P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
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What is a Shell Script? What To DoM

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#!/bin/sh
S
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echo Hello, worldLO
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MY_PROGRAM
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% chmod +x hello.sh
P
P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
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What is a Shell Script? ExecutableM

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T
O
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#!/bin/sh
S
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echo Hello, worldLO
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MY_PROGRAM
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% chmod +x hello.sh
P
P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
A
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O
What is a Shell Script? Running it

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T
O
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#!/bin/sh
S
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echo Hello, worldLO
B
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MY_PROGRAM
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8
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% chmod +x hello.sh
P
P
A
% ./hello.sh
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Hello,C world
A
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Finding the program: PATH
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T
% ./hello.sh
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echo vs. /usr/bin/echo S
G
O
% echo $PATH
L
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/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:
8
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/home/borwicjh/bin
S
P
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% which A
echo
E
/usr/bin/echo
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Variables and the Environment

O
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% hello.sh
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P
bash: hello.sh: CommandS not
G
found
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% PATH=$PATH:.8.B
8
% hello.sh PS
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Hello, world
A
L
An aside: Quoting
% echo $USER
O
$USER
P
S
% echo $USER
G
O
borwicjh
L
% echo \
.B
8
8
S
P
% echo deacnet\\sct
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deacnet\sctA
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% echo \
C
\
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O
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T
Variables and the Environment
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% env
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[variables passed to sub-programs]
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% NEW_VAR=Yes
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% echo $NEW_VAR
L
Yes
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8
% env
8
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[PATH but notP NEW_VAR]
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% export NEW_VAR
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% env
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[PATH
A and NEW_VAR]
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O
Welcome to Shell Scripting!

O
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8
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P
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How to Learn
man
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T
man bash
man cat
man man
man k
man k manual S
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8
P
P Shell, 2nd Ed.
Learning the Bash
A
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Bash Reference
Cards
L
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http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/
A
R
O
.C
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G to bash
Introduction
O
L
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8
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P
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Continuing Lines: \
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% echo This \
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Is \
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A \
O
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Very \
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Long \
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Command Line
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This IsLE
A Very Long Command Line
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%
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Exit Status
$?
0 is True
% ls /does/not/exist
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8
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% echo $?
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1
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% echo L
$?
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0
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Exit Status: exit
% cat > test.sh <<_TEST_ O

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exit 3
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_TEST_
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B
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% chmod +x test.sh
8
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% ./test.sh PS
P
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% echo $?
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3
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Logic: test
%
%
0
%
%
1
test 1 -lt 10
echo $?
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test 1 == 10
8
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echo $?
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Logic: test
test
[ ]
[ 1 lt 10 ]
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[[ this string
=~ this ]]
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(( ))
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(( 1 L< 10 ))
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[[ ]]
Logic: test
[
[
[
[
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-f /etc/passwd ]
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! f /etc/passwd ]
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-f /etc/passwd a f /etc/shadow
]
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-f /etc/passwd o f
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An aside: $(( )) for Math
% echo $(( 1 + 2 ))
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3
S
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% echo $(( 2 * 3 ))LO
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6
8
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% echo $(( 1PS
/ 3 ))
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0
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Logic: if
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if something
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then
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# elif a contraction of O
else if:
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elif something-else
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then
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else
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then
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fi R
Logic: if
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if [ $USER eq borwicjh ]
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then
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:
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# elif a contraction of O
else if:
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elif ls /etc/oratab
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then
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:
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else
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then
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fi R
Logic: if
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# see if a file exists

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if [ -e /etc/passwd ] S
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O
then
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B
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echo /etc/passwd
exists
8
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else
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echo /etc/passwd
not found!
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fi
A
Logic: for
for i in 1 2 3
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do
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echo $i
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done
8
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Logic: for
for i in /*
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do
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echo Listing $i:
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B
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ls -l $i
8
8
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read
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done
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Logic: for
for i in /*
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do
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echo Listing $i:
L
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.
ls -l $i
8
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read
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done
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Logic: for
for i in /*
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echo Listing $i:
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ls -l $i
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read
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done
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Logic: C-style for
for (( expr1
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expr2
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expr3
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list EA
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done C
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Logic: C-style for
LIMIT=10
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for (( a=1
;
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a<=LIMIT ; LO
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a++
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do
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Logic: while
while something
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Logic: while
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a=0; LIMIT=10
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while [ "$a" -lt "$LIMIT"
]
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do
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echo -n "$a 8
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a=$(( a + P
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done
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Counters
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COUNTER=0
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while [ -e $FILE.COUNTER
]
S
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do
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COUNTER=$(( COUNTER
+ 1))
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done
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Note:
race
condition
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Reusing Code: Sourcing

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% cat > /path/to/my/passwords <<_PW_
T
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FTP_USER=sct
P
S
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_PW_
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% echo $FTP_USER
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% . /path/to/my/passwords
P
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% echo $FTP_USER
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sct
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C
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%
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Variable Manipulation
C
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% FILEPATH=/path/to/my/output.lis
T
O
% echo $FILEPATH
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/path/to/my/output.lis G
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% echo ${FILEPATH%.lis}
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/path/to/my/output8
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% echo ${FILEPATH#*/}
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path/to/my/output.lis
A
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% echo ${FILEPATH##*/}
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output.lis
A
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.C
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.ItBtakes a long time to
8 become a bash
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GPrograms
Running
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Reasons for Running Programs

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Check Return Code

$?
Get Job Output
O
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OUTPUT=`echo Hello`
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8
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OUTPUT=$(echo
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PSomewhere
Send Output
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Redirection:
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Pipes
A
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O
.C
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Pipes
Lots of Little Tools
INPUT 0
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echo
echo Hello | \ L
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wc -c
8
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OUTPUT 1
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INPUT 0
wc
ERROR 2
OUTPUT 1
ERROR 2
Email Notification
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% echo Message | \
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mail s Heres your message
\
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borwicjh@wfu.edu LO
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Dates
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% DATESTRING=`date +%Y%m%d`
O
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% echo $DATESTRING
S
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O
20060125
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% man date
8
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P
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A
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FTP the Hard Way
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<<_FTP_
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ftp n u server.wfu.edu
P
user username password S
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put FILE
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_FTP_
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FTP with wget

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wget \
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ftp://user:pass@server.wfu.edu/file
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wget r \
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ftp://user:pass@server.wfu.edu/dir/
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FTP with curl
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curl T upload-file \
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-u username:password S\
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ftp://server.wfu.edu/dir/file
L
8
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Searching: grep
%
%
%
%
%
grep
grep
grep
grep
grep
rayra /etc/passwd O
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Searching: find
% find /home/borwicjh \ O
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-name *.lis
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[all files matchingLO

*.lis]
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% find /home/borwicjh
\
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name *.lis
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% locate .lis
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[files with .lis in path]

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[also finds
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Applied Shell Programming
O
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.B
8
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A
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Make Your Life Easier
TAB completion
O
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Control+R
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history
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cd 8
8
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Study a UNIX P
Editor
P
A
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.C
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pushd/popd
% cd /tmp
O
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% pushd /var/log
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/var/log /tmp
O
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% cd ..
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% pwd
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/var
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Monitoring processes
ps
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ps ef
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ps u oracle
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ps C sshd
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DOS Mode Files
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#!/usr/bin/bash^M
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FTP transfer in ASCII, or
S
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dos2unix infile >Loutfile
8
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sqlplus
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JOB=ZZZTEST
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PARAMS=ZZZTEST_PARAMS
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PARAMS_USER=BORWICJH
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sqlplus $BANNER_USER/$BANNER_PW
<< _EOF_
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set serveroutput on
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then
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Passing Arguments
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% cat > test.sh <<_TEST_ O

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echo Your name is \$1 S\$2
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this
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INB Job Submission Template
$1: user ID
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$2: password
S
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$3: one-up number
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$4: process name
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$5: printer name S8
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/path/to/your/script
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Scheduling Jobs
%
0
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*
0
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crontab -l
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Other Questions?
Shells and Shell Scripts

O
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bash
S
G
Running Commands LO
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bash and Banner in
8 Practice
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UNIX Shell-Scripting Basics PDF

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http://oracleapps88.blogspot.

What is a shell? A shell script? O

Other Common Shells

An aside: What do I mean by /bin ? M

An aside: What do I mean by /bin ? M

What is a Shell Script?

What is a Shell Script?

What is a Shell Script? A Text File M

cat > /tmp/myfile

What is a Shell Script? How To Run

What is a Shell Script? What To DoM

What is a Shell Script? ExecutableM

What is a Shell Script? Running it

Finding the program: PATH

Variables and the Environment

Variables and the Environment

Welcome to Shell Scripting!

Exit Status: exit

% cat > test.sh <<_TEST_ O

An aside: $(( )) for Math

# see if a file exists

Logic: C-style for

Logic: C-style for

Reusing Code: Sourcing

Reasons for Running Programs

Check Return Code

Get Job Output

Lots of Little Tools

FTP the Hard Way

FTP with wget

FTP with curl

[all files matchingLO

[files with .lis in path]

Make Your Life Easier

DOS Mode Files

% cat > test.sh <<_TEST_ O

INB Job Submission Template

Shells and Shell Scripts

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