DISCUSSION:

The procedures of the experiment are all about observing the waveforms of the
input and output signals of the SLIC to demonstrate the 2W/4W conversion and learning
the significance of the echo cancellation function of the SLIC.
For the first part, the goal is to set up the central office. All of the training modules
must be connected to the TTS Power Supply. Then establishing a network connection
between the Reconfigurable Training Module and the host computer is made. After
connecting the hardware, the next step is to download the CO program to the
Reconfigurable Training Module which will operate as a small central office. For proper
data transmission, proper IP address must be used between the host computer and the
training module.
The second part is all about the two-wire to four-wire conversion. As the
oscilloscope probes are connected to their respective positions; Probe 1 to the balanced
signal on the telephone line, Probe 2 to the SLIC TXA output, and Probe 3 to the SLIC
RXA input. As the settings of the oscilloscope are calibrated, the communication is
tested by establishing a communication between two telephone sets. Then, the
telephone sets are placed beside the speakers that are connected to the auxiliary
outputs C and D. The settings of these auxiliary outputs are made based on the
provided configurations.
As the amplitude of the signal at auxiliary output C is increased, it has been
observed that there is a 400 Hz sine-wave signal that is present at the telephone line.
This signal represents the sound wave to be transmitted. Also, the output at transmitter
output is similar to the input at the telephone in which we are measuring it on a single
ended output. Based on this condition, we can say that the SLIC has already converted
the transmitted signal from a balanced differential signalling to a single-ended signalling
output.

On the other hand, as the amplitude of the signal at auxiliary output D is

increased, it has been observed that there is an 800 Hz sine-wave signal that is present
at the telephone line. This procedure was done by turning off the auxiliary output C first
and turning on the auxiliary output D. The observed signal represents the sound wave
to be received. The SLIC routes the sine-wave signal by coupling it to the telephone line
producing a RXA output signal which is a converted into a four-wire signal from a twowire differential signal.
Even though it is present on the telephone line, the received sine-wave signal is
not routed to the SLIC TXA output due to the Echo Canceller of the SILC which
subtracts the received signal to the original SLIC TX, thus, removing it at the TXA
output.
After turning on both auxiliary outputs, the signals of AUX C and D pass through
each other without being distracted. This provides a normal conversation flow between
two telephone lines.
For the last part of this experiment, the goal is to evaluate the effect of disabling
the SLIC Echo Cancellation Function. Echo is a problem in a two wire to four wire
conversion since we are coupling the received signal line to the transmitted signal line.
The procedure is to turn off the echo cancellation function of the SLIC in Analog Line
Interface A. After disabling this, an echo signal is received at the transmit side of the
SLIC. This signal is added to the transmitted signal of the SLIC A.
Then the auxiliary output C is turned on to reapply the 400Hz sine-wave signal
to the telephone set A. After turning this on, the AUX C output and an echo signal are
both added to the transmitted signal of SLIC A.

Another observation is that, enabling the echo cancellation function at A and

disabling it at B, results into a presence of an echo signal on the received signal of the
telephone set A but an absence of it on the received signal of telephone set B. If only
one echo cancellation is disabled, the conversation result is irritating due to the echoes
heard at the telephone sets. However, enabling both echo cancellation functions for
both A and B results into a normal telephone conversation without echo at the
background.