Chemicals Used in Food Processing

CHEMICALS
Food
USED
IN
Processing
(^Publication 1274
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
CHEMICALS USED IN FOOD PROCESSING
Food Protection Committee
Food and Nutrition Board
National Academy of Sciences National Research Council
Publication 1274
Washington, D. C.
1965
Available from
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20418
Price: $6.50
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 65-60045
FOREWORD
The information contained in this publication was compiled by the
Food Technology Subcommittee of the Food Protection Committee . The
cooperation of many industrial concerns and trade associations made
possible the compilation and is gratefully acknowledged. The help of
the FPC Liaison Panel and Industry Committee is particularly appreci
ated. Special acknowledgment is owed to Dr. Willard B. Robinson for
the time and effort he devoted to compiling this report and bringing it
to publication and to Dr . R. L. Hall for his assistance in compiling the
information on flavoring materials .
Much of the material in this publication has appeared in two previ
ous publications of the National Research Council:
Number 398, "The
Use of Chemical Additives in Food Processing, " and Number 887, "The
Use of Chemicals in Food Production, Processing, Storage, and Dis
tribution. "
Food Technology Subcommittee
Food Protection Committee

William J. Darby, Chairman
David B. Hand, Vice Chairman
John . Ayr es
Paul R. Cannon
Cyril L. Comar
Julius M . Coon
George . Decker
Kenneth P . DuBois
Lloyd W. Hazleton
James A . Miller
Emil M . Mrak
Bernard L. Oser
R. Blackwell Smith, Jr.
Henry F. Smyth, Jr.
David . Hand , Chairman

Emil M . Mrak, Vice Chairman
John . Ayr es
Ross A. Chapman
John R. Matchett
Reid T . Milner
Bernard L. Oser
Willard . Robinson
Harold W . Schultz
Kenneth G . Weckel
The inclusion of chemicals and reported levels of use in the list of

food additives in this publication does not imply the approval or disap
proval of the National Academy of Sciences National Research Council.
The purpose of the Food Protection Committee is to list all the chemi
cals about which the Committee has found authentic evidence of use .
The legal status of many of these food chemicals is subject to
change. Thus, although data from regulatory agencies were used as
source material, no attempt is made to provide a guide to official regula
tions . Chemicals listed in this compilation should not be used without
consideration of currently applicable regulations .
iii
INTRODUCTION
The American people have available the most abundant and varied
food supply of any nation in history. This has been brought about in part
by the application of science to food production and food technology.
Many technological advances in food production have entailed the
use of chemicals. Public awareness of these developments has focused
attention on the number and kinds of chemicals that enter the food supply
during production, processing, and storage. Statements that large num
bers of chemicals are used in foods are uninformative or even misleading.
It is necessary to know what the chemicals are, the extent to which they
are used, and the foods to which they are added.
The Food Protection Committee of the National Research Council
has made a study of the use of chemicals in foods for the purpose of eval
uating the technological benefits arising from such use and of appraising
the significance of associated public health problems. This report deals
only with the extent of use and technological reasons for use of chemicals
used in food processing.
A survey of the food and chemical industries has been conducted by
the Committee to ascertain the identity and quantities of chemicals used
in food processing. In addition to the replies from the food and chemical
industries, the definitions and standards for processed foods and the foodadditives status lists published by the Food and Drug Administration and
the regulations for meat products and fats published by the Meat Inspection
Division of the Department of Agriculture have been used as source ma
terial.
The resulting lists tabulate chemicals used in processed foods. It
is recognized that these lists are subject to several limitations in their
interpretation:
(1) they may contain additives permitted by regulations
but not in actual use; (2) an additive may be used seasonally or by some
segments of an industry but not by others; (3) amounts given may repre
sent maximum usage rather than actual usage and, thus, do not permit
reliable quantitative estimation of consumption; (4) changes in the lists
are constantly occurring.
Chemicals Naturally in Foods
All components of food are chemicals . The great bulk of foods is
comprised of chemicals classified as carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
minerals, and water. Foods also contain small amounts of accessory
chemicals including the vitamins and natural antioxidants, antimycotics,
buffers, thickeners, emulsifiers, chelating agents , colors, and flavors .
The carbohydrates consist of various sugars, starches, dextrins, cellu

loses, and gums. These, except celluloses and gums, are oxidized in
the body to release energy for muscular activity and other body functions .
The fats and oils supply energy and essential fatty acids and facilitate ab
sorption of fat-soluble vitamins. The proteins are composed of amino
acids that are used as building materials for the proteins of soft tissues
of the body and bone matrix or as a source of energy. Minerals have
many functions . Some are used primarily in building skeletal structures
and teeth, while others are essential aids in metabolism. The various
vitamins regulate cell functions and are also essential to normal metabo
lism. The colors and flavor- imparting compounds may have nutrient
value but most frequently are primarily of esthetic value . Such factors
as the variety of crop; soil fertility and nutrient content; duration and
intensity of sunlight during growth; rainfall; disease; and methods of
harvest, handling, and storage may affect the chemical composition
and hence the flavor, quality, and nutritional value of plant products.
Chemical composition of animal products is also influenced to some ex
tent by environmental factors and, particularly, by species.
Each foodstuff consists of chemicals that are more or less charac
teristic of it, but because of the natural variation, it is frequently neces
sary to adjust the composition in order to provide a product of constant
quality. Milk, for example, consists of variable amounts of butte rfat,
milk sugar (lactose), proteins (principally casein and lactalbumin), min
erals (notably calcium and phosphorus), various vitamins, and other
constituents . The composition of milk varies somewhat according to
the breed, the individual cow, the period of lactation, and the nature of
the feed of the cow. Milk from Holstein cows is somewhat lower in fat
and carotenoid pigments than that of either Jersey or Guernsey cows .
Milk destined for general distribution comes from different sources and
is generally blended or standardized to a uniform level of butterfat. Milk
received at evaporating plants at different seasons and from different
herds varies in stability to heat. Heat stability is dependent upon the
balance in the milk of the natural mineral salts, particularly the propor
tions of calcium, phosphate, and citrate. It is often necessary, there
fore, to add one or another of these chemicals in order to produce suffi
cient heat stability for an acceptable product. This is a case of adding
a constituent normal to a food in order to standardize the composition of
the foodstuff.
Standardization procedures comparable to those described for milk
are carried out with other foods, as, for example, in the blending of
wheat varieties to secure a flour of uniform baking quality.
It is appropriate to draw attention to the fact that natural foodstuffs
contain substances that are of no known nutritive value and substances
vi
that are harmful if taken in amounts much larger than those encountered
in normal usage of the food. Coffee, for example, contains caffeine; and
tea and cocoa contain caffeine and related compounds, all of which have
a well-known pharmacological effect. Small amounts of arsenic and other
toxic metals are found in most foodstuffs . Substances that interfere with
thyroid function, resulting in development of goitre, have been identified
in rutabagas and other species of the genus Brassica; and oxalates are
present in rhubarb, spinach, and chard. Many foodstuffs contain traces
of toxic alkaloids and cyanide- generating compounds. We accept these
foods, however, since long usage has indicated that the substances in
question are apparently inconsequential in the amounts likely to be con
sumed .
What Is a Food Additive ?
In addition to the natural chemical composition of foodstuffs, chemi
cals may be incorporated, either directly or indirectly, during the grow
ing, storage, or processing of foods. These chemicals may be described
for convenience as "food additives .
When they are purposely introduced
to aid in processing or to preserve or improve the quality of the product,
they are called intentional additives. Such materials as colors, flavors,
sweeteners, vitamins and minerals for enrichment, mold inhibitors, bac
tericides, antioxidants, and emulsifiers are intentional additives . They
are added to the food product in carefully controlled amounts during proc
essing, and the amounts necessary to achieve the desired effect are usually
very small. For example, less than 4 grams of synthetic color per person
per year are used for coloring our foods .
Common Types of Intentional Food Additives
Every chemical used in food processing should serve one or more
of these purposes:
improve nutritional value, enhance quality or con
sumer acceptability, improve the keeping quality, make the food more
readily available, or facilitate its preparation. The purpose of inten
tional additives and the technological benefits of their use can be best
illustrated by considering the more important classes of these sub
stances .
* Throughout this report the term "food additive" is used as defined

by the Food Protection Committee:
A food additive is a substance or a
mixture of substances, other than a basic foodstuff, which is present in
a food as a result of any aspect of production, processing, storage, or
packaging. The term does not include chance contaminants. This defini
tion differs from the legal definition.
vii
Acids, Alkalies, Buffers, and Neutralizing Agents

The degree of acidity or alkalinity is a very important property of
many processed foods. In the baking industry, chemical leavening agents
are used to produce carbon dioxide, which makes the batter light and po
rous, thereby providing a finished product of good volume, crumb texture,
and palatability . This reaction requires an ingredient that acts as an
acid in the presence of moisture or heat. The acid ingredients used are
such compounds as potassium acid tartrate, sodium aluminum phosphate,
tartaric acid, monocalcium phosphate, and sodium acid pyrophosphate.
Sodium bicarbonate is the gas -producing substance normally used, al
though ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate are employed
in the commercial production of some cookies and crackers.
The tart taste of soft drinks other than those of the cola type is
imparted by the addition of organic acids from either natural or synthetic
sources. Citric acid (a component of citrus fruits), malic acid (a com
ponent of apples), and tartaric acid (a component of grapes) are the major
organic acids employed. Buffering agents, generally the sodium salts of
these acids, are frequently used to control the degree of acidity in soft
drinks . The concentrations of acids and buffers employed are essentially
the same as the levels at which these substances occur naturally in fruits.
In cola-type beverages the most commonly used acidulant is phosphoric
acid.
Adjustment of acidity is necessary in the production and use of
several dairy products:
for example, the excessive acidity that may
develop in cream must be neutralized for satisfactory churning and to
produce a butter of acceptable flavor and keeping quality. Emulsification and a desired tartness in process cheese and cheese spreads are ob
tained by the addition of acids such as citric, lactic, malic, tartaric,
and phosphoric. Acids are used also as flavoring agents in confections,
and alkalies may be employed in the processing of chocolate .
Bleaching and Maturing Agents, Bread Improvers
Wheat flour in its natural, freshly milled state has a pale yellow
ish tint. Upon storage flour slowly becomes white and undergoes an
aging process that improves its baking qualities. About 50 years ago it
was discovered that certain oxidizing agents added to the flour in small
amounts would markedly accelerate this process, thus reducing storage
costs and the hazards of spoilage and of insect and rodent infestation.
Some of the permitted compounds, e.g., benzoyl peroxide, exert only
a bleaching action and are without influence on baking properties.
Others, such as the oxides of nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, nitrosyl chlo
ride, and chlorine, have both bleaching and maturing or improving prop
erties.
viii
Bread improvers used by the baking industry contain small amounts

of oxidizing substances such as potassium bromate, potassium iodate,
and calcium peroxide. They also contain inorganic salts, e.g., ammonium
chloride, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and ammonium and calcium
phosphates, which serve as yeast food and dough conditioners. The quan
tity of oxidizing substances required is small, and since excessive treat
ment results in an inferior product, their use is self- limiting. Bleaching
agents may also be used in the preparation of other foods, such as certain
cheeses, in order to improve the appearance of the finished product.
Emulsifying, Stabilizing, and Thickening Agents
Emulsifying agents are used in baked goods, cake mixes, ice cream,
frozen desserts, and confectionery products. Some of those used are
lecithin, monoglycerides and diglycerides, and certain sorbitan and polyoxyethylene fatty esters . In bakery products these substances improve
volume, uniformity, and fineness of grain. They facilitate machining in
bread doughs, and the resulting bread has a softer crumb and a somewhat
slower firming rate than do breads prepared without their use . The whip
ping properties and physical nature of frozen desserts are improved by
the use of small amounts of emulsifier. In candies, emulsifiers are em
ployed to maintain homogeneity and improve keeping quality. Sorbitan
derivatives are used to retard "bloom," the whitish deposits of high-melt
ing components of cocoa butter that occasionally appear on the surface of
chocolate candies .
The texture of ice cream and other frozen desserts is dependent,
in part, on the size of the ice crystals in the product, which is controlled
by the addition of small amounts of stabilizing agents. Agar-agar, gelatin,
cellulose gum, and other vegetable gums are among the substances used.
Certain of these compounds are used in chocolate milk to increase the
viscosity of the product and thus prevent the settling of cocoa particles to
the bottom of the container. Gelatin, pectin, and starch are used in con
fectionery products to give a desired texture. Agar-agar, alginates, gum
arabic, and gum tragacanth are used as stabilizers or thickeners in some
types of hard gums .
Sugar- sweetened beverages normally possess a certain amount of
"body." Since beverages that are sweetened with nonnutritive sweeteners
do not have this property, so-called "bodying agents" are used in their
production. These include such natural gums as sodium alginate and
pectins, cellulose gum, and sorbitol. The foaming properties of brewed
beer can also be improved by the addition of certain of these stabilizing
agents .
ix
Flavoring Materials
A wide variety of spices, natural extractives, oleoresins, and es
sential oils are used in processed foods. In addition, the modern flavor
chemist has produced many synthetic flavors . Both types of products are
used extensively in soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and confection
ery. They are usually employed in small amounts ranging from a few to
300 parts per million. Amyl acetate, benzaldehyde, carvone, ethyl ace
tate, ethyl butyrate, and methyl salicylate are representative of com
pounds that are employed in the preparation of flavoring materials . It
should be noted that many of the compounds that are used in synthetic
flavoring preparations are also found in natural products or are esters
of natural acids .
Many spices and spice extractives are used in sausages and pre
pared meats . Monosodium glutamate and protein hydrolysates are also
employed to enhance the flavor of some foods .
Food Colors
Food colors of both natural and synthetic origin are extensively
used in processed foods, and they play a major role in increasing the
acceptability and attractiveness of these products. However, the indis
criminate use of color can conceal damage or inferiority, or make the
product appear better than it actually is. In view of these factors, food
colors must be used with discretion. Classes of foods that are frequent
ly colored include confectionery, bakery goods, soft drinks, and some
dairy products, such as butter, cheese, and ice cream. Natural colors
used in foods include alkanet, annatto, carotene, chlorophyll, cochineal,
saffron, and turmeric .
Nutrient Supplements
Vitamins and minerals are frequently added to processed foods to
improve their nutritive value. It is recognized, for example, that the
processing of cereal grains to produce refined milled products removes
a large portion of the vitamins and minerals originally present . Defini
tions and standards of identity have therefore been established by the
Food and Drug Administration for the enrichment of wheat flour, farina,
cornmeal, corn grits, macaroni, noodle products, and rice. These
standards define the minimum and maximum levels of required nutrients
(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and iron) permitted to be added, and in
some cases provide for the optional addition of sources of calcium and
vitamin D. Many manufacturers of ready- to-eat breakfast foods add
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and iron on a voluntary basis to provide
products that contain amounts of these nutrients corresponding to those
present in the cereals from which the foods are made.
Sources of vitamin A are added to margarine, and vitamin D is add

ed to both fluid and evaporated milk. Vitamin A may also be added to
blue cheese and gorgonzola cheese to replace that lost in the bleaching
process and to low-fat milk to compensate for that removed with separated
butterfat. Iodized salt contains a small amount of potassium iodide to
furnish the iodine necessary to prevent simple goitre.
Preservatives, Antioxidants
Preservatives are substances added to foods to prevent or inhibit
microbial growth. A number of different types are used, depending on
the food product and the spoilage organism involved.
Although the baking process destroys the spores of molds and most
bacteria present in flour and other ingredients, baked goods are con
stantly exposed to spores present in the air and on baking equipment.
Under summer conditions, the organisms become active and produce a
condition in the bread called "rope" which renders the product inedible.
Sodium diacetate, the propionates of sodium and calcium and such acidic
substances as acetic acid, lactic acid, and monocalcium phosphate are
effective in retarding the growth of molds and "rope" bacteria. Sorbic
acid and its sodium and potassium salts are used as antimycotic agents
in cheeses, sirups, and pie fillings. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate
are employed in oleomargarine, certain fruit juices, pickles, and con
fections to inhibit bacterial or mold growth. Sulfur dioxide is widely used
for the preservation of dried fruits. Sugar, salt, and vinegar are also
effective in preventing microbial spoilage .
Fatty foods are susceptible to oxidative changes that take place in
the fat molecule with the production of off-flavors and off-odors. The
substances used to prevent this type of spoilage are known as antioxidants.
The compounds most widely employed for this purpose are butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene , propyl gallate, and nordihydroguaiaretic
acid. They are used in such foods as lard, shortening, crackers, soup
bases, and potato chips. It has been found that certain acidic substances,
e.g., citric acid, ascorbic acid, and phosphoric acid, enhance the prop
erties of the antioxidant, and these substances are frequently added in
combination with the antioxidant. Ascorbyl palmitate is employed in
candy, and ascorbic acid has been found effective in preventing the oxida
tive discoloration of frozen fruits such as sliced peaches .
Miscellaneous Intentional Additives
A number of additional substances are employed for various purposes.
Certain sugar substitutes are used in foods for persons who must or wish
to restrict their intake of ordinary sweets . Saccharin and the calcium and
xi
sodium cyclamates (cyclohexysulfamates) are commonly used for this pur

pose . Clarifying agents, e.g., tannin, gelatin, and albumen, are used
to remove small particles and minute traces of copper and iron in the pro
duction of vinegar and certain beverages.
Sequestering agents such as ethylenediaminetetracetic acid and its
salts prevent the adverse effects of the presence of metallic ions in cer
tain food products by forming chemically inactive complexes with the
metals. Humectants are necessary in the production of some types of
confections and candy to prevent drying out. Without a humectant, shred
ded coconut, for example, would not remain soft and pliable. Substances
used for this purpose include glycerine, propylene glycol, and sorbitol.
Glazes and polishes such as waxes and gum benzoin are used on coated
confections to give luster to an otherwise dull surface. Magnesium car
bonate and tricalcium phosphate are employed as anticaking agents in
table salt, and calcium starate is used for a similar purpose in garlic
salt .
Chemicals are sometimes added to processed fruit and vegetable
products in order to improve their texture. Canned tomatoes, potatoes,
and apple slices tend to become soft and fall apart. A small amount of
calcium chloride or other calcium salt added to the product acts as a firm
ing agent . Sodium nitrate and nitrite are used in the curing of meats to
develop and stabilize the pink color associated with these products. Nitro
gen, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are employed in pressure-packed
containers of certain foods to act as whipping agents or to serve merely
as propellants .
The foregoing is not intended as a comprehensive discussion of all
intentional additives currently in use . It is meant rather to provide ex
amples of the various classes of intentional additives used in our food
supply and the functions they serve .
xii
INTENTIONAL ADDITIVES USED IN PROCESSED FOODS

The food chemicals about which information was obtained in the sur
vey of the food and chemical industries are listed in the following compi
lation. Listed also are the food chemicals included in the definitions and
standards for processed foods and the food additive status list published
by the Food and Drug Administration, and those included in the regula
tions for meat products and fats published by the Meat Inspection Division
of the Department of Agriculture .
The chemicals listed have been divided into groups according to
function. Many of them appear more than once in the report. For ex
ample, ascorbic acid is listed as a nutrient (Group 10) and as an antioxi
dant (Group 2) . Similarly, disodium phosphate appears as an emulsifier
salt (Group 3), a buffer (Group 7), and a nutrient (Group 10). The index
at the end of the report lists the groups in which the additives appear.
The levels of use listed in the compilation are generally those re
quired to achieve the desired technologic results and are not levels in
any way meant to describe maximum safe levels of intake . There is no
implication of "safe levels" of use intended.
Within groups an alphabetical arrangement of the chemicals has
been attempted. Wherever possible the compounds are listed according
to active group. This system has the advantage of bringing related com
pounds and families of compounds together. For example, sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid are listed in that order under "A."
The inclusion of chemicals in this list does not imply the approval
or the disapproval of the National Academy of Sciences for their use in
foods . The purpose of the Food Protection Committee is to list all
chemicals about which the Committee has found authentic evidence of
use .
xiii
CONTENTS
Page
Group 1:
Preservatives
Group 2:
Antioxidants
Group 3:
Squestrants
15
Group 4:
Surface Active Agents
21
Group 5:
Stabilizers, Thickeners
31
Group 6:
Bleaching and Maturing Agents, Starch Modifiers .
37
Group 7:
Buffers, Acids, Alkalies
41
Group 8:
Food Colors
49
Group 9:
Non- Nutritive and Special Dietary Sweeteners ...
53
Group 10:
Nutrient Supplements
57
Group 11:
Flavoring Agents
65
Sub-Group A:
Synthetic Flavors
65
Sub-Group B:
Spices, Herbs, Essential Oils and

Plant Extractives
Group 12:
Miscellaneous Yeast Foods, Firming Agents,

Texturizers, Binders, Anti-Caking Agents,
Enzymes
Index
207
261
273
XV
GROUP 1
PRESERVATIVES
GROUP 1:
Name
Acetate, Sodium
PRESERVATIVES
Function, Usage
Preservative
Levels of Use
0.1%
Licorice candy
Acetate, Sodium di-
Mold and rope inhibitor in baked goods

White breads, per 100 lbs flour
Dark breads, per 100 lbs flour
Pie crusts, per 100 lbs flour
Cake, chocolate, and devil's food
Cake, other
Bread, rolls, buns, etc. Up to 0.4 part for each 100 parts
by weight of flour used .
Benzoate, Sodium
Benzoic Acid
Preservative
Margarine
Fibered codfish, salt codfish
Bottled soft drinks
Incorporated in ice for cooling fish
Maraschino cherries
Mincemeat
Fruit juices
Pickles
Confections
Fruit jelly, preserves, jams. In a quantity reasonably
necessary as a preservative.
Benzoate, Methyl-p-hydroxy(Methylparaben)
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0004
0 . 0004
0 . 0004
0.1%
Bromide, Potassium
Preservative used in washing fruits and vegetables
Carbamate, Potassium nmethyldithio-
Bacteriostat component in controlling microorganisms in cane

sugar mills
Sugar cane being processed. Up to
0.001 - 0.003%
0.003 - 0.01%
0.003 - 0.01%
0.1%
0.0004%
Germicide, sterilizing agent

Used in sterilization of fruits and vegetables by washing
in 50 ppm solution
chlorite, Sodium hypo
Preservative
Curd washing of cottage cheese
Chlortetracycline
Preservative (antibiotic)
Used in cooling dip for uncooked poultry
Cyanodithioimidocarbonate ,
Disodium
0.0005%
0.0008%
0.0005%
Preservative
Beve rages
Candy
Baked goods
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves. Up to
Chlorite, Calcium hypo
0.1%
0.1%
0.05%
Preservative
Beverages
Baked goods
Candy
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves . Up to
Benzoate, Propyl-p-hydroxy(Propylparaben)
3.5 - 6 oz
4.0 - 6 oz
3.0 - 5 oz
0.06%
0.19 - 0.31%
Bacteriostat component in sugar cane being processed. Up to
0.0007%
0.0003%
Function, Usage
Name
Dehydroacetate , Sodium
Dehydroacetic Acid
Preservatives
Cut or peeled squash. Up to
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate
Ethylenediam ine
Ethylene Oxide-Methyl
Formate Mixture
0.02%
0.0%
Component of bacteriostat in sugar cane being processed.

Up to
0.0001%
Mold and yeast control in dried and glaceed fruits
Formaldehyde, para
Oxytetracycline
0.02%
0.005%
Yeast and mold inhibitor

Bulk and package fumigant in raisins and dried currants .
As formic acid (free and combined), up to
Cashew nuts . Up to
Dried fruits and nuts. As formic acid, up to
Formaldehyde
0.0065%
Fermentation inhibitor in still wines

Added before or during bottling, up to
When tested 5 days after bottling, up to
Methylformate (as formic acid), up to

Ethylene oxide, up to
Ethyl Formate
Levels of Use
Component of defoamer used in yeast and beet sugar produc

tion, as a preservative. In final product, up to
0.025%
0.0015%
0.02%
0.000001%
(0.01 ppm)
Polymerized formaldehyde, obtained by concentrating

formaldehyde solution
Maple sirup, from use in tree tap holes. As formaldehyde,
up to
0.0002%
In edible tissue of chickens and turkeys when carcass is

dipped in solution of oxytetracycline . Up to
0.0007%
Peroxide, Hydrogen
Preservative, bactericide for milk and cheese
Polymyxin
Antibiotic
Used as bactericide in yeast culture for beer
Concentration reduced to 0.05 ppm in tank
Propionate, Calcium
Propionate, Sodium
Propionic Acid
Mold and rope inhibitors
Sodium Chloride
Preservative
Bread, rolls, etc.

Poultry stuffing
Chocolate products
Processed cheese, up to
Cake, cupcakes
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly and preserves . Up to
Pickling agent, preservative for meats, vegetables, butter

Prevention of browning in cut fruit
0.0015%
0.125 - 0.15%
0.18%
0.24 - 0.30%
0.30%
0.0001 - 0.25%
0.1%
Function, Usage
Name
Sorbate, Calcium
Sorbate, Potassium
Sorbate, Sodium
Sorbic Acid
Pungistats
Sulfites and Sulfur Dioxide
Dual-purpose preservatives and antioxidants
Beverages
Baked goods
Chocolate sirups
Soda-fountain sirups
Fresh fruit cocktail
Tangerine pure (sherbet base)
Salads (potato, macaroni, cole slaw, gelatin)
Cheesecake
Pie fillings
Cake
Cheeses in consumer-size packages. Up to
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves. Up to
(See Group 2, Antioxidants)
Levels of Use
0. 003
0. 004
0. 05
0. 05
0. 05
0. 05
0. 05
0. 05
0. 05
0. 1%
0. 2%
0. 1%
0. 03<
0. 1%
0. 2%
0. 1%
0. 1*
0. 1%
0. 1%
0. 1%
0. 1%
GROUP 2
ANTIOXIDANTS
GROUP 2:
Function, Usage
Name
Ascorbate, Calcium
Ascorbate, Sodium
ANTIOXIDANTS
Antioxidants
Concentrated milk products
Cooked, cured, or comminuted meat food products, per 100
lbs of the fresh, uncured, or comminuted meat and/or by
product
Used in the pickle in which pork and beef products are cured
or packed per 100 gal, up to
Ascorbic Acid
(Vitamin C)
Ascorbyl Palmitate
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
(Butylated Hydroxyanisole;
mixture of 2 and 3
tertiary-butyl- 4hydroxyanisole)
Levels of Use
7/8 oz
75 oz
Antioxidant
Frozen fruit, particularly sliced peaches
Frozen fish dip
Dry milk (wet basis)
Beer and ale
Flavoring oils
Apple juice, soft drinks
Beef briskets
Fluid milk
Candy
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves . Up to
Canned mushrooms per ounce of drained weight
Cooked, cured, comminuted meat food products, per
100 lbs of product, up to
Pickle in which pork or beef products are cured or packed,
per 100 gal
0.03 - 0.05%
0.25 - 2.0%
0.0025 - 0.01%
0.0015 - 0.0075%
0.1 - 0.3%
0.01 - 0.05%
Candy
0.06%
1.0%
0.1%
37.5 mg
3/4 oz
75 oz
Antioxidant
Beverages, ice cream, ices
Candy, as percent of fat, up to
Baked goods
Gelatin dessert
Potatoes
Glaced fruits, mixed, diced. Up to
Potato flakes, sweet-potato flakes. Alone or with
butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl gallate, up to
Chewing gum base . Alone or with butylated hydroxytoluene
and/or propyl gallate, up to
Defoamer component in yeast and beet- sugar production.
Up to
Dry breakfast cereals. Total antioxidant, alone or with
butylated hydroxytoluene and /or propyl gallate, up to
Potato granules. Total antioxidant, up to
Dry yeast . Up to
Dry mixes for beverages and desserts . Up to
Beverages and desserts prepared from dry mixes. Up to
Lard and shortening. Up to
Unsmoked dry sausage. Up to
Emulsion stabilizers for shortenings, alone or with
butylated hydroxytoluene
Unsmoked dry sausage
0.00003 0.1%
0.0002 0.00004 .
0.0002 0.0032%
0.005%
0.1%
0.1%
0.005%
0.001%
0.1%
0.001%
0.0002%
0.01%
0.003%
0.02%
0.003%
0.0002%
0.001%
0.00015%
0.0005%
Function, Usage
Name
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
( Di- te rtiary- Butyl- paraCresol)
(2, 6-di-tertiary-Butyl4 -methyl phenol)
Carbon Monoxide
(Combustion product gas)
Levels of Use
Antioxidant
Chewing-gum base. Alone or with butylated hydroxyanisole
and /or propyl gallate, up to
Potato flakes and sweet-potato flakes. Up to
Defoamer component in yeast and beet- sugar production.
Up to
Potato granules. Total antioxidant, up to
Dry breakfast cereals. Total antioxidant, up to
Emulsion stabilizers for shortenings . Alone or with
butylated hydroxyanisole, up to
Enriched rice . Up to
Animal fats and shortenings containing animal fats. Up to
0.1%
0.005%
0.1%
0.001%
0.005%
0 . 02%
0.0033%
0.01%
Removing and displacing oxygen

Carbon monoxide, up to 4.5% of gas
Dilauryl Thiodipropionate
Antioxidant
General food use, per cent of fat or oil content, up to
Erythorbate, Sodium
(Sodium Isoascorbate)
Erythorbic Acid
(Isoascorbic Acid)
Antioxidants
Pickling brine. Per 100 gal, up to
Meat products. Per 100 lbs, up to
Brine, solution. Up to
Beverages
Baked goods
Cured cuts; cured comminuted product to accelerate color
fixing in curing, per 100 lbs. Sodium erythorbate, up to
Erythorbic acid, up to
Pickle in which pork and beef products are cured or
packed, per 100 gal
Gas, Combustion product (from

the controlled combustion in
air of butane, propane, or
natural gas)
Removing and displacing oxygen in the processing, storage,

or packaging of citrus products, vegetable fats, vegetable
oils, coffee, and wine
Gum Guaiac
Antioxidant in edible fats or oils

(Equivalent antioxidant activity - 0.01%)
Beverages
Rendered animal fat or a combination of such fat and
vegetable fat. Up to
Lecithin
7.5 oz
3/4 oz
10.0%
0.006 - 0.01%
0.02 - 0.05%
7/8 oz
3/4 oz
75 oz
0.04 - 0.06%
0.1%
Antioxidant
Prepared breakfast cereal
Candy
Sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, etc.
Bread, rolls, buns, etc.
Oleomargarine . Up to
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid
(Dihydroguaiaretic acid,
normal)
0.02%
0.0025 - 0.005%
0.06 - 0.25%
0.5%
Antioxidant
Prepared pie-crust mix
Candy (of fat)
Lard, butter, ice cream
Gassed cream (pressure-dispensed whipped cream)
General food use. Per cent of fat or oil content including
essential (volatile) oil content, up to
10
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.01%
Name
Oat Gum
Function, Usage
Antioxidant
Butter, cream
Candy
Propyl Gallate
1.5%
Antioxidant
Lard
Antioxidant salt
Chicken soup base
Candy (of fat)
Chewing-gum base
General food use . Per cent of fat or oil content including
essential (volatile) oil content
Stannous Chloride
Sodiuir. Sulfite
0.01%
0.0015%
0.1%
Preservatives, antioxidants, anti- browning agents

(Should not be used in meats or in foods recognized as
sources of vitamin Bj) .
Bacterial inhibitor in wine, brewing, and distilledbeverage industries
Anti- fermentative in sugar and sirup industries
Preservative for fruit juices, meat sirups, vegetable
juices, etc.
Prevention of browning in cut fruits, frozen apples, dried
fruits, prepared fruit-pie mix, peeled potatoes
Maraschino cherries, dried fruits, glaced fruits
Potassium Bisulfite
(Acid potassium sulfite;
potassium hydrogen
sulfite)
Uses listed for Sodium Sulfite

Ale, beer, etc. As SO2, up to
Wine
Sodium Bisulfite
(Acid sodium sulfite;
sodium hydrogen sulfite;
sodium acid sulfite)
Uses listed for Sodium Sulfite

Ale, beer, etc. As SO2, up to
Fruit-pie mix. Up to
Potassium Metabisulfite
Uses listed for sulfites and bisulfites above
Sodium Metabisulfite
Uses listed for sulfites and bisulfites above
Sulfur Dioxide
0.02%
Antioxidant
Used to protect sliced potatoes and uncooked french fries
from browning
Stabilizer for potassium iodide in iodized salt
Sulfites
0.001 - 0.01%
0.003%
0.07%
0.001%
0.01%
0.1%
Antioxidant
Canned asparagus . Up to
Sulfate , Sodium Thio-
Levels of Use
0.015 - 0.035%
0.0025%
0.0025%
0.0005%
Antioxidant, preservative, anti-browning agent

(Used for purposes listed under Sodium Sulfite)
Wine
Corn sirup, table sirup
Jelly, imitation
Dried fruits
Brined fruits, maraschino cherries
Beve rages
Dehydrated potatoes
Soups
Condiments
(Should not be used in meats or in foods recognized as
sources of Vitamin Bj).
11
0.01 - 0.02%
0.0015 - 0.0025%
0.002%
0.008 - 0.05%
0.004 - 0.006%
0.0012 - 0.002%
0.035 - 0.04%
Function, Usage
Name
Thiodipropionic Acid
Antioxidant
General food use . Per cent of fat or oil content including
essential (volatile) oil content of food, up to
Tocopherols
(Vitamin E)
0.02%
Antioxidant
Essential oils
Rendered animal fats or a combination of such fat and
vegetable fat in quantities up to
2, 4, 5-Trihydroxybutyrophenone
Levels of Use
0.02 - 0.10%
0.03%
Used as an antioxidant alone or in combination with other

antioxidants
Total antioxidant, up to
12
0.02%
GROUP 3
SEQUESTRANTS
GROUP 3:
SEQUESTRANTS
(Chelating Agents , Metal Scavengers, Emulsifier Salts, Texturizers, Stabilizing Agents)

Function, Usage
Name
Acetate,
Acetate,
Acetate,
Acetate,
Calcium
Calcium diPotassium
Sodium di-
Beverages
Baked goods
Calcium Salts
Calcium Acetate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Citrate
Calcium Diacetate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Phosphate,
monobasic
Calcium Phytate
Calcium Sulfate
Emulsifier salts
Citrate, Isopropyl
(Monoisopropyl citrate)
Squestrant, antioxidant
0.01 - 0.02%
0.02 - 0.05%
Evaporated milk. Calcium chloride, up to

Frozen desserts . Calcium sulfate
Oleomargarine, salad oil. Up to

General food use. Up to
Animal fats and shortenings . Up to
Citrate, Monoglyceride
Citrate, Stearyl
Citrate, Triethyl
Citrate Salts
Calcium Citrate
Potassium Citrate
Levels of Use
0.1%
0.02%
0.02%
0.01%
Synergist and solubilizer for antioxidant formulations for

oils and fats . Up to
0.02%
Metal scavenger, antioxidant. Up to
0.15%
0.15%
Dried egg whites. Up to
0.25%
Plasticizers for cheese spread, emulsifier salts

Pasteurized process cheeses and cheese foods . Up to
3.0%
Sodium Citrate
Cream (prevents "cream plug")

Cream (prevents "feathering" in coffee cream)
Ice cream emulsifier
Processed cheese. Up to
Evaporated milk. Up to
Various cheeses
0.1%
0.012 - 0.37%
0.04%
3.0%
0.1%
Citric Acid
Lard
Frozen peaches
Grape wine
Canned fish cakes
Pie-crust mix
Soup base
Antioxidant salt
Used to assist dispersion of finings in brewing industry.
Up to
Oleom argar ine
0.001 - 0.01%
Ethylenediamine Tetraacetate,
(EDTA)
Calcium Disodium Salt of
EDTA
Disodium Dihydrogen Salt of
EDTA
0.05%
0.05%
0.002%
0.0002%
0.035%
0.005%
0.01%
Carbonated beverages
.0035%
Crabmeat (cooked canned), retard struvite formation,

promote color retention
Dressings, nonstandardized
.02 75%
.0075%
15
Function, Usage
Name
Ethylenediamine Tetraacetate,
(EDTA) (cont'd)
Fermented malt beverages

Salad dressing, french dressing, mayonnaise, sauces
Oleomargarine
Pecan- pie filling
Potato salad
Sandwich spread
Shrimp (cooked canned), retard struvite formation,
promote color retention
Spice extractives in soluble carriers
Processed dry pinto beans, promote color retention
Canned carbonated soft drinks
Aqueous multivitamin preparations
Vinegar
Clams (cooked canned), promote color retention
Levels of Use
.0025%
.0075%
.0075%
.01%
.01%
.01%
.025%
.006%
.08%
.0035%
.015%
.02%
.034%
With Calcium Disodium, EDTA

Dressings, nonstandardized
Sauces
Sandwich spread
Canned kidney beans
Gluconate, Calcium
Gluconate, Sodium
Oxystearin
.0075%
.0075%
.01%
.0165%
Squestrants
Used in cottonseed and soybean cooking and salad oils .
Up to
Dressings for foods
.125%
Phosphates
Emulsifier salts, texturizers, squestrants
Monocalcium Acid
Phosphate
Evaporated milk. Disodium phosphate or sodium citrate
Potassium Phosphate,
or both, or calcium chloride, added in a total quantity
up to 0 . 1% by weight of the finished evaporated milk
dibasic
Sodium Phosphate, dibasic
(Disodium orthophosphate)
Sodium Phosphate, monobasic
(Monosodium orthophosphate)
Sodium Phosphate, tribasic
(Trisodium orthophosphate)
Phosphate, Calcium hexameta(Calcium metaphosphate )
Phosphate, Sodium hexameta(Sodium metaphosphate)
Phosphate, Sodium Aluminum

Phosphate, Sodium pyro(Sodium tetrapyrophosphate)
(Tetrasodium pyro
phosphate)
(Sodium acid pyro
phosphate)
Pasteurized process cheeses, cheese spreads, and cheese

foods . Up to
Ice cream . Disodium phosphate used to prevent thickening
of chocolate sirup, up to
3.0%
0.2%
Emulsifiers, sequestering agents, texturizers

Breakfast cereals
Angel food cake . Up to
Flaked fish (prevents struvite formation)
Ice cream, ice milk
Bottled beverages, reconstituted lemon juice
Puddings
Processed cheeses
Artificially sweetened jellies, preserves. Sodium
hexametaphosphate, up to
Potable water supplies in order to prevent scale
formation and corrosion, up to
Pumping pickle for curing hams, shoulders, etc. The
finished product may contain up to
0.27 - 0.3%
1.0%
0.5%
0.05%
0.02 - 0.7%
0.5%
10 ppm
0 . 5%
Various cheeses
Emulsifier salt, texturizer
Cold-water puddings . Up to
Processed cheeses . See phosphates
16
2.0%
Function, Usage
Name
Phosphate, Sodium tripoly-
Texturizer, squestrant
Phosphoric Acid
Sequestering agent
Levels of Use

vegetable fat. Citric acid or phosphoric acid not to
exceed 0.01% is added with combinations of butylated
hydroxyanisole or with combinations of butylated
hydroxyanisole and nordihydroguaiaretic acid or
propyl gallate
Sorbitol
Squestrant
Confectionery
Vegetable oils
0.0025 - 0.005%
Tartaric Acid
Tartrate, Sodium
Tartrate, Sodium Potassium
(Rochelle salts)
Emulsifiers, squestrants
Thiosulfate, Sodium
Squestrant in salt . Up to
Pastuerized process cheese, pasteurized cheese food,

and pasteurized cheese spread. Up to
17
3.0%
0.1%
GROUP 4
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
GROUP 4:
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS

Function, Usage
Name
Alginic Acid, Propylene
glycol ester
Defoaming agents for use in processing foods
Aluminum Stearate
Defoamer component used in processing beet sugar and yeast
Ammonium Stearate
Defoamer component used in manufacture of beet sugar
Butoxypolyethylene
Polypropylene Glycol
(mol. wt 3800-4200)
Defoamer component for use in beet-sugar manufacture. In

finished sugar, up to
Butyl Stearate
Component of defoamer used in production of beet sugar and

yeast, only in amounts reasonably required to inhibit
foaming
Cholic Acid
Emulsifier
Dried egg whites . Up to
Cobaltous Salts, cobaltous

acetate, chloride, sulfate
Used in fermented malt beverages to prevent gushing,

(calculated as cobalt), up to
Desoxycholic Acid
Emulsifying agent
Dimethyl Polys iloxane,

(100-350 centistokes)
(Antifoam A)
Levels of Use
0.0001%
0.1%
0.00052%
0.1%
Anti-foaming agent for use in processing foods in amounts

reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Chewing-gum bases, molasses, soft drinks, sugar
distillation, fruit-peeling solutions, fruit juices
Skim milk
Wine fermentation
Sirup, imitation jelly
Soups . Up to
Rendered fats
Curing solution
Dodecyl Benzenesulfonate,
Sodium
Component of commercial detergent for raw products followed

by water rinsing
2-Ethyl l-Hexylsulfate,
Sodium
Component of detergent for raw products followed by water

rinsing
Eugenol
Defoamer component in yeast production
Fatty Acids (one or any

mixture of the following
fatty acids: capric,
caprylic, lauric, myristic,
oleic, palmitic, and
stearic)
Emulsifiers
Fatty Acids, Polyglycerol

esters
Prepared from edible fats, oils, and fatty acids derived from:
corn, cottonseed, palm (from fruit), peanut, safflower,
sesame, and soybean oils, lard and tallow. Hydrogenated
or nonhydrogenated
Fatty Acids, Salts of (one

or more of the aluminum,
ammonium, calcium, mag
nesium, potassium, and
sodium salts of the above
fatty acids)
Emulsifiers
Defoamer component for use in processing beet sugar

and yeast, only in amounts reasonably required to
inhibit foaming
21
0.0003%
0.001%
0.00001%
0.0008%
0.001%
0.001%
0.005%
Function, Usage
Name
Fatty Acids, Soybean,
Hydroxylated
Defoamer component used in beet sugar and yeast production
Fatty Acids of Cottonseed

and Soybean
Defoaming agent
Fatty Acids of Tallow
Defoaming agent
Formaldehyde
Defoamer component used in production of beet sugar and yeast,

only in amounts reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Glyceride Citrate, mono-
Synergist and solubilizer for antioxidant formulations for oils

and fats. Up to
Glycerides, Diacetyl tartaric

acid esters of mono- and difrom the glycerolysis of
edible fats or oils
Emulsifying agent
Glycerides, Distilled
acetylated mono-
Food emulsifier, binder in nutrient capsules and tablets, food

coating agent. Up to
Levels of Use
0.02%
Bakery products . Up to 20% by weight of the combination

of such a preparation and the shortening
Rendered animal fat and shortening containing animal fat
5.0%
Rendered animal fat and shortening containing animal fat

Glycerides, mono-, of
fatty acids
Shortening emulsifier
Glycerides, mono- and di(of edible fats or oils,

or edible fat-forming
fatty acids)
Emulsifying and defoaming agents
Glycerides, Monosodium
phosphate derivatives of
mono- and difrom the
glycerolysis of edible fats
or oils
Beverages
Lard
Ice cream, ice milk
Bakery products, other than bread and rolls
Shortening
Confections
Chewing-gum base component
Sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, etc. In combination
with monosodium phosphate derivatives thereof, up to
vegetable fat
Whipped toppings
0.5%
0.5%
0.1 - 5.0%
Emulsifying agent
Sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, etc. Up to
Glycerides, Sodium sulfoacetate Emulsifiers

derivatives of mono- and diGlycerides, Sulfoacetates of
Oleomargarine. Up to
mono- and diGlyceryl Abietate
0.0005 - 0.0015%
0 - 16%
0.1 - 0.2%
0.001 - 0.33%
0.02 - 6.4%
0.0002 - 5.0%
0.0002 - 5.0%
In still and carbonated alcoholic beverages and fruit

drinks. Up to
Glyceryl lac to esters of

fatty acids
Food emulsifier. For use in shortening where free and

combined lactic acid does not exceed 1.75% of shortening
plus additive
Glyceryl mono- and diesters (from alcoholysis

of soybean oil and/or
hydrogenated tallow) and
propylene glycol
Defoamer in yeast production
22
0.5%
0.5%
0.006%
Function, Usage
Name
Glycocholic Acid
Emulsifying agent
Isopropyl Alcohol
(Isopropanol)
Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium
Component of detergent for raw products followed by water

rinsing
Egg white solids . Up to
Frozen egg whites . Up to
Liquid egg whites . Up to
Confectionery. Up to
Lecithin (with or without

related phosphatides)
(Monoaminophosphatide)
Lecithin, Hydroxylated
Levels of Use
0.1%
0.1%
0. 125%
0.125%
0.125%
Emulsifier
Sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, etc. Up to
Bakery products
Frozen desserts . Up to
Rendered animal fat or combination of animal and
vegetable fat
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Component of defoamer for yeast and beet- sugar production,

emulsifier in foods
Shortening for bakery products
Methyl Glucoside of fatty

acids of edible coconut oil
Methyl Naphthalene Sulfonate,
Sodium (245-260 mol. wt)
Methyl Sulfate, Sodium
Mineral Oil
In manufacture of beet sugar. Up to
0.0005%
In solutions for peeling fruits and vegetables; to be followed

by water rinse
Pectin processing. Up to
Defoamer component used in processing beet sugar and
yeast. In yeast, up to
Oleic Acid
Defoaming agent
Ox Bile Extract
Emulsifier
Oxystearin
Defoamer component in production of beet sugar and yeast,

only in amounts reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Petrolatum NF and USP
Defoamer component in yeast and beet-sugar production. In

yeast, up to
0.5%
0.015%
0.1%
0.015%
Petroleum Hydrocarbons:
Initial boiling 315F min;
Final boiling point 650F max;
Ultraviolet absorptivity at
290 mu;
0.04 liter per gram centi
meter :
Defoamer in food processing. Final product content, up to

Detergent component for fruit. Content of rinsed fruit,
up to
Froth flotation for cleaning vegetables . Content of washed
product, up to
Petroleum Waxes

yeast. Yeast content up to
0.015%
Used in washing fruits and vegetables. Wash water content,

up to
0.001%
Polyacrylamide (contains no
more than 0.2% acrylamide
monomer)
23
0.0003%
0.0001%
0.0005%
Name
Function, Usage
Levels of Use
Polyethoxylated Alkylphenol
(dodecyl, nonyl, and octyl)
(426-1184 mol. wt)
Component of commercial detergent for raw products, followed

by water rinsing
Polyethoxylated Alkylphenol,
benzyl ether of
(726-1308 mol. wt)
Component of detergent for raw products followed by water rinse
Polyethylene Glycol
(400-2000 mol. wt)
Polyethylene Glycol
(600) dioleate
Defoamer agent component used in processing beet sugar and

yeast
Polyethylene Glycol ester

of mixed fatty acids from
tall oil
(abietic, oleic, and linoleic)
(1050 average mol. wt)
Component of defoamer for beet-sugar production. Finished

product content up to
0.0001%
Polyethylene Glycol (400)

tallow die ster
Defoamer in manufacture of sugar from sugar beets . Finished

product content up to
0.0003%
Polyethylene Glycol (600)

monoricinoleate
Polyoxyalkalene Glycol
(2225 mol. wt)
Defoamer component in beet-sugar production, content in

defoamer up to
Polyoxyethylene Glycol
(400-2000 mol. wt)
Component of defoamer in beet-sugar production
(800) ester of edible
cottonseed oil fatty acids
Solubilizing agent in pickles, up to
(600) monoricinoleate
Defoamer component used in beet- sugar and yeast

production
Polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate

(Polyoxyl 40 stearate)
Defoamer in processed foods; emulsifier in frozen desserts
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan

monolaurate
(Polysorbate 20)
Flavor- dispersing agent for miscellaneous flavored foods and

beverages; defoaming agent

monooleate
(Polysorbate 80)
Emulsifier; defoamer component used in production of beet

sugar
Dietary vitamin and vitamin-mineral supplements, total
intake per day
,
If vitamin A in excess of 30,000 units/dose
Edible fat or oil type special dietary supplement. Total
intake per day
Yeast defoamer formulations
Solubilizing and dispersing agent in pickles and pickle
products
Coarse crystalline sodium chloride
Flavor-dispersing agent, in amounts reasonably required
Dill oil in canned spiced green beans
Alone or in combination with polysorbate 60 in shortenings
and edible oils intended for use in nonstandardized baked
goods, baking mixes, icings, fillings, and toppings, and
in the frying of foods. Combined total 1.0%
Ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbet and
nonstandardized frozen desserts, alone or in any com
bination with polysorbate 65. Combined total 0.1%
24
10.0%
0.05%
300 mg
500 mg
360 m g
4.0%
0.05%
10 ppm
0.003%
1.0%
0.1%
Name
monooleate (cont'd)

monopalmitate
(Polysorbate 40)

monostearate
(Polysorbate 60)
Function, Usage
Pressure-dispensed cream whip
Beverages
Confectionery
Soup bases
Wetting and dispersing agent for dry, powdered, processed
foods
Levels of Use
0.085
0.0055
0.012
0.01
0.12%
0.07%
0.06%
0.02%
Emulsifier, flavor- dispersing agent, defoaming agent

Cakes, including bakery and pre-mix types, blended with
sorbitan monostearate or monopalmitate, up to
(Alternate: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate)
0.46%
Emulsifier, flavor- dispersing agent

Shortening and edible oils up to
1.0%
Defoaming agent in food processing, In amounts reasonably

required to inhibit foaming
Whipped vegetable -oil topping, up to
Cakes and cake mixes, up to
Cake icing or cake filling, up to
Sugar-type confection coatings, up to
Coconut spread, up to
Foaming agent in beverage mix
Confectionery
Chicken bases
Gelatin desserts
Dressings made without egg yolks, up to
Solid-state, edible vegetable fat-water emulsions used
as substitutes for milk or cream in beverage coffee,
up to
Dietary vitamin supplements, amount/daily dose
Foaming agent in nonalcoholic beverage mix to be added
to alcoholic beverages
Wetting and dispersing agent for dry, powdered processed
foods
tristearate
(Polysorbate 65)
0.4%
66 mg
4.5%
Emulsifier; defoaming agent; flavor-dispersing agent

Cakes and cake mixes, including cake-type doughnuts,
up to
Whipped vegetable-oil toppings, up to
Cake icings and fillings, up to
Ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbet, and
nonstandardized frozen desserts, up to
Solid-state, edible vegetable fat-water emulsions used as
substitutes for milk or cream in beverage coffee, up to
Wetting and dispersing agent for dry, powdered, processed
food
Polyoxypropylene Glycol
Component of defoamer for yeast and beet-sugar production
Polypropylene - Glycol
(1200-2500 mol. wt)
Defoamer- agent component used in processing beet sugar and

yeast
Propylene Glycol mono- and

diesters of fats and fatty
acids
Emulsifier and additive produced from edible fats and fatty

acids
yeast in amounts reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Rendered animal fat or a combination of such fat with
vegetable fat
Propylene Glycol and

Glyceryl mono- and diesters from the alcoholysis of soybean oil and /or
hydrogenated tallow
0.4%
0.46%
46%
2%
23%
0005
0.007
0.4%
0.008
0.3%
Component of defoamer used in yeast and beet-sugar production
25
0.32%
0.4%
0.32%
0.1%
0.4%
0.03%
0.055%
0.01%
Function, Usage
Name
Silica Aerogel
(finely powdered microcellular silica foam having
a minimum silica content
of 89 . 5%)
Component of anti-foaming agent
Silicon Dioxide
Defoaming agent
Sorbitan Monooleate
Emulsifying agent for special dietary products
Levels of Use
Defoaming agent in yeast production

Chewing-gum plasticizer
Sorbitan Monopalmitate
Emulsifier; flavor dispersing agent

Alternate for sorbitan monostearate in cakes and cake
mixes . Up to
Sorbitan Monostearate
Emulsifier; defoaming agent; flavor-dispersing agent

Cakes and cake mixes, including cake-type doughnuts,
up to
Whipped vegetable-oil toppings, up to
Nonstandardized confectionery and cookie coatings , up to
Cake icing and filling, up to
Solid-state, edible vegetable fat-water emulsions used as
substitutes for milk or cream in beverage coffee, up to
Coconut spread
Beverages
Confectionery
Baked goods
Sorbitan Tristearate
0.61%
0.4%
1.0%
0.7%
0.4%
0.35%
0.012 - 0.025%
0.0006 - 0.5%
0.0005 - 0.4%
Emulsifier
Alternate for sorbitan monostearate in confection coatings,
up to
Soybean Oil Fatty Acids

Hydroxylated
Defoamer component used in production of beet sugar and yeast,

in amounts reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Stearate, Potassium
Defoamer-agent component
Stearate, Sodium
Emulsifier
Stearyl-2-lactylic Acid
Emulsifier
Stearyl- 2 - lactylate ,
Calcium
0.61%
1.0%
In nonyeast- leavened bakery products and pancake mixes,

up to
In shortening for above products, cake icings, and fillings,
up to
3.0%
Dough conditioner in yeast-leavened bakery products and

prepared mixes for yeast- leavened bakery products, per
100 parts by weight of flour, up to
Whipping agent in dried egg white, up to
Whipping agent in liquid and frozen egg white , up to
Bakery products . Per 100 parts by weight of flour used
0 . 5 part
0.5%
0.05%
0 . 5 part
Stearyl Monoglyceridyl
Citrate
Emulsion stabilizer in shortenings with emulsifiers
Tallow Alcohol, Hydro genated
Component of defoamer used in yeast and beet- sugar production

Tallow, Hydrogenated
Defoamer component used in production of beet sugar and yeast

Tallow, Oxidized
Component of defoamer used in yeast and beet- sugar production,

26
0.35%
Name
Function, Usage
Tallow, Sulfated
Component of defoamer in yeast and beet-sugar production, in

amounts reasonably required to inhibit foaming
Taurocholate , Sodium
Taurocholic Acid
Emulsifiers
Wax, Microcrystalline,
and Paraffin
Defoamer component in yeast and beet-sugar production,

Content of final product up to
27
Levels of Use
0.1%
0.0005%
GROUP 5
STABILIZERS,
THICKENERS
GROUP 5:
Function, Usage
Name
Agar-agar
STABILIZERS, THICKENERS
Thickening agent, stabilizer

Beve rages
Ice cream, ices, frozen custard, sherbet
Meringue
Baked goods
Piping jelly
Frozen candied sweet potatoes
Icings
Confectionery jellies . Up to
Artificially sweetened jelly and preserves
Alginates
(Alging)
Ammonium Alginate
Calcium Alginate
Potassium Alginate
Sodium Alginate
Alginic Acid, Propylene Glycol

ester of
(Algin derivative)
(Propylene Glycol Alginate)
Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl
methyl-
0.006 - 0.1%
0.01 0.5%
0.2%
0.03 0.05%
1.0%
0.7
0.045 - 0.08%
0.03 - 3.0%
10.0%
Stabilizers, water retainers

Beverages
Ice cream, ices, frozen custard
Emulsions
Desserts
Baked goods
Confectionery ingredient. Up to
Cake icing, cakes, clarifying agent for wine,
chocolate -milk stabilizer, stabilizer in gassed cream
(pressure-dispensed whipped cream)
Meat
Toppings
Condiments
Cheeses, cheese spreads, cheese foods, etc., up to
Salad dressing. Up to
Artificially sweetened jelly and jam ingredient
0.005 - 0.03%
0.1 - 0.5%
0.001 - 0.01%
0.4%
0.0065 - 0.02%
10.0%
0.1%
0.3 - 0.8%
0.06 - 1.0%
0.8%
0 . 75%
Stabilizer
Ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbet, water
ices . Up to
Beverages
Icings
Cheeses, cheese spreads, cheese foods, etc., up to
French dressing, salad dressing. Up to
Stabilizer, emulsifier
Carrageenan
(Irish moss derivative, ex
Chocolate products
tract of Irish moss, chondrus
extract, carragheenin, carChocolate- flavored drinks, chocolate milk
rageenin, carrageen)
Sirups for frozen products
Confections
Cheese spreads, and cheese foods. Up to
Ice cream, frozen custard, sherbets ices, etc. Up to
Artificially sweetened jellies and jams
Carrageenan, Salts of
(A mixture of two or more
of the ammonium, calcium,
potassium, or sodium
salts)
Levels of Use
Beverages
Baked goods
Puddings
Jelly
Sirups
(See uses for Carrageenan)
Emulsifier, protective colloid, stabilizer, suspending agent,
thickener
31
0.5%
0.015 - 0.02%
0.005 - 0.015%
0.8%
0.75%
0.23
0.145
0.4%
0.2%
0.0001 1.0%
0.015%
0.8%
0.5%
0 . 75%
0.03%
0.1 0.16 0.1 0.1 -
0.3%
2.0%
0.02%
0.3%
Function, Usage
Name
Cellulose, Methyl(U.S.P. methyl
cellulose, except that
the methoxy content shall
not be less than 27.5%
and not more than 3 1 . 5%
of dry weight)
Cellulose, Methyl ethyl
Thickening agent, stabilizer

Bodying agent for beverages and canned fruits sweetened
with nonnutritive sweeteners
Thickener for Kosher food products . Up to
Bulking agent for low- calorie crackers
Binder in non-wheat baked goods for non-allergenic diets
Bodying agent for beverages sweetened with nonnutritive sweeteners
Beer- foam stabilizer
Condiment carrier
Food products for diabetics
Low-calorie dietetic products
Edible film for food products
Leavening agent for prepared mixes
Clarifier for vinegar and beverages
Imitation jellies and jams
Processed cheese
Beverages
Confectionery
Toppings
1.0%
21%
1.0%
0.008 - 0.02%
0.002 - 0.003%
0.024 - 0.3%
Agent to promote foaming, aerating, emulsifying

Vegetable-fat whipped topping. Up to
Cellulose, Sodium
Carboxymethyl
(Cellulose gum)
(Carboxymethyl
cellulose)
Levels of Use
3.0%
Stabilizer
Ice cream
Beverages
Confectionery
Baked goods
Icings and toppings
Bodying agent for canned fruits sweetened with nonnutritive sweeteners
Stabilizer for chocolate milk (chocolate -flavored
beverage)
Variegated mixtures, frozen
Cheese spreads, certain cheeses, up to
Jelling ingredient
Dextrans (of mol. wt

below 100,000)
Dextrin
Foam stabilizer for beer
Eucheuma Cottoni, extract

Eucheuma Spinosum,
extract
Stabilizer and thickening agent
Furcelleran (refined hydrocolloid prepared by aqueous

extraction of Furcellaria
Fastigiata of the class
Rodophyceae (red seaweed))
Emulsifier, stabilizer, or thickener in foods
Furcelleran, Salts of
(One or more of a mixture
of the sodium, calcium,
potassium and ammonium
salts of Furcelleran)
32
0.003 - 0.01%
0.0006 - 3.0%
0.0004 - 0.004%
0.16 - 0.23%
0.75 - 1.25%
0.8%
0 . 75%
Name
Function, Usage
Thickener, stabilizer
Gelatin
Base for fruit gelatins and puddings

Chocolate milk, chocolate -flavo red beverages
Cream
Confectionery ingredient
Cream cheese, neufchatel cheese. Up to
Cheese spreads and cheese foods. Up to
Ice cream, frozen custard, fruit sherberts, and water
ices . Up to
Gigartina
Gigartina
Gigartina
Gigartina
Levels of Use
Acicularis extract
Pistillate extract
Radula extract
Stellata extract
Gum Acacia
(Gum arabic)
(See Carrageenan)
0.0003
0.0005
.0005
.0001
.075
.016
.0075
.04%
.055%
.11%
,06%
.5%
.024%
,1%
0.5%
0 . 75%
Chocolate milk, chocolate-flavored beverage
Confections
Cream cheese, neufchatel cheese . Up to
Cheese spreads, cream cheese with other foods; etc.
Up to
Ice cream, frozen custard, fruit sherbet, water ices.
Up to
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves
Gum Ghatti
Gum, Guar
Stabilizer for frozen fruit, icings and glazes, fruit drinks
Thickener for hot and cold drinks
Binder for meats
Confections
Baked goods
Cheese spreads, cream cheese with other foods; etc.
Up to
Ice cream, ices, etc. Total stabilizer up to
Gum Karaya
(Sterculia gum)
0.5%
Stabilizer and thickeners, species of chondrus
Foam stabilizer in soft-drink and brewing industry

Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meringue
Sirup
Gelatin desserts , puddings
Ice cream, frozen custard, fruit sherbets, water ices.
Up to
Gum, Carob Bean
(Locust bean gum)
10.0%
0.5%
0.8%
1.0%
0.5%
0.8%
0.5%
0 . 75%
0.0006 0.01%
0.25%
0.0006 2.0%
0.2 - 0.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0 . 75%
Ice milk
Sherbets, water ices
Confections
(See uses for Carob Bean Gum)
33
2.0%
Function, Usage
Name
Gum, Oat
Pasteurized cheese spreads, cream cheese with other
foods; etc. Up to
Gum Tragacanth
Levels of Use
0.8%
Fruit jelly
Ornamental icings
Fruit sherbets, water ices
Salad dressing, french dressing
Confections
(See uses for Carob Bean Gum.)
Methyl Sulfate, Sodium
Pectin processing. In pectin, up to
Pectin
Pectin, Low Methoxyl
Pectinate, Sodium
Stabilizer, thickener
Bodying agent for cyclamate- sweetened beverages
Ice cream, ice milk
Confections
Fruit sherbet, water ices. Up to
Fruit jelly, preserves, jams. In a quantity which
reasonably compensates for deficiency, if any, of
the natural pectin content of the fruit (juice) ingredient
Peptones
Foam stabilizer for beer
Psyllium Seed Husk
Stabilizer
Frozen desserts . Up to
Sorbitol
Bodying agent
Starch, modified with

propylene oxide
(Hydroxypropyl starch)
Thickener
Starch, modified, Food

(Treated with succinic
anhydride, l-octenyl
succinic anhydride,
aluminum sulfate, or
sodium hydroxide, etc.)
Thickener
Propylene oxide in finished starch
Vanilla powder
34
0.0003%
2.0%
0.5%
3.0%
0.5%
0.75%
0.5%
25%
GROUP 6
BLEACHING AND MATURING AGENTS,
STARCH MODIFIERS
GROUP 6:
BLEACHING AND MATURING AGENTS, STARCH MODIFIERS
Name
Acetone Peroxides
Function, Usage
Maturing and bleaching of flour
Dough-maturing agent, H202 equivalent per 100 g additive
plus carrier. Up to
Flour, HgOg equivalent per 100 g of additive plus carrier,
up to
Azodicarbonamide
Maturing agents, dough conditioners
Chloramine, Sodium
- toluene sulfo( Chloramine T)
Water-purifying agent; deodorant
Chlorine
(Chlorine gas)
Flour- bleaching, aging, and oxidizing agent

0.008 - 0.30%
Flour-bleaching and oxidizing agent

Level of use for bleaching flour
Chlorite, Sodium
Chlorite, Sodium hypo-
Modifiers for food starch
Iodate, Calcium
Iodate, Potassium
Dough conditioners, oxidizing agents

Bread, rolls, buns, etc. Per cent of flour used
Nitrogen Oxides
(Oxides of nitrogen)
Nitrosyl Chloride
Bleaching agents for cereal flours
l-Octenyl Succinic Anhydride
Starch modifier, up to
In combination with up to 2% aluminum sulfate
Peracetic Acid
(Peroxyacetic acid)
Starch modifier
Permanganate, Potassium
Starch modifier
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Bleaching agent
Bleached flours
Blue cheese, gorgonzola cheese
For milk to be used for certain cheeses . In milk
bleached, up to
Dough conditioner, oxidizing agent
Bread, rolls, buns, etc. See uses for Bromates
Peroxide, Hydrogen
0.005%
0.0075%
Used to remove onion and weed odor in cheese
Level of use for bleaching flour

Water purification
Peroxide, Calcium
(Calcium dioxide)
3 - 10 g
0.0045%
Bromated flours . Up to
Bromated whole wheat flours . Up to
Chlorine Dioxide
0.75 g
Bleaching and maturing agent

Flour, etc. Up to
Bromate, Calcium
Bromate, Potassium
Levels of Use
Bleaching, oxidizing agent, modifier for food starch

Bleach for tripe, butter
Treatment of eggs before drying
Cheeses (cheddar, washed curd, colby, granular, and
Swiss)
37
0.0001 - 0.0066%
0.0075%
3.0%
2.0%
0.001 - 0.01%
0.002%
Name
Function, Usage
Phosphate, Sodium tri-meta-
Starch modifier
Phosphorous Oxychloride
(Phosphorous chloride)
Starch modifier
Propylene Oxide
Starch modifier
Succinic Anhydride
Starch modifier
Vinyl Acetate
Starch modifier
38
Levels of Us
GROUP 7
BUFFERS, ACIDS, ALKALIES
GROUP 7:
BUFFERS, ACIDS, ALKALIES
Name
Acetate, Calcium
Acetate, Potassium
Acetate, Sodium
Acetic Acid
Function, Usage
Buffers
Breakfast cereal
Confections
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly. Sodium citrate,
potassium citrate, or any combination thereof, per
100 lbs of food, up to
2 oz
3.0%
0.005 - 0.033%
1.0%
Buffer and neutralizing agent

Confections, up to
Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate

Alum inum Calcium Sulfate
Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
(Alum, aluminum and
potassium sulfate)
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate
Aluminum Sulfate
Acid
Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Carbonate
Alkali
3.0%
Milling, baking, and cereal industries

Baking powder ingredients
Leavening agent in the production of thin baked goods

Various cookies and crackers
Confections
Cacao products. For each 100 parts by weight of cacao
nibs used (before shelling from the beans), the total
amount of alkali does not exceed the neutralizing value
of 3 parts by weight of anhydrous potassium carbonate
Ammonium Hydroxide
0.01 - 0.04%
0.005 - 0.006%
0.01 - 1.0%
0.000075 - 0.00015%
0.001 - 0.0015%
0.0015%
Acid
Acidulant in sirups, sherbets, ices, ice cream,
beverages, bakery products, confections, up to
Pickles, catsup, canned artichokes
Cottage cheese
Confections
Pasteurized process cheese, etc. Used as an acidify
ing agent in such quantity that the pH is not below 5.3
Pasteurized process cheese food, etc. Used as an
acidifying agent in such quantity that the pH is not below
5.0
Pasteurized process cheese spread, pasteurized cheese
spread, etc. Used as an acidifying agent in such quan
tity that the pH is not below 4.0
Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods .
Used in such quantity that the pH of the finished food is
less than 4 . 2
Cold pack cheese, cold pack cheese food, etc. Used as an
acidifying agent in such quantity that the pH is not below
4.5
Adipic Acid
Levels of Use
0.25%
0.5%
Alkali
Cacao product. See use for Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Phosphate, dibasic

Ammonium Phosphate, mono
basic
Buffers
Leavening agent
Acidic constituent of baking powder
Bread improver. Up to
Bakery products . Bread, rolls, buns, etc. Per 100
parts by weight of flour, up to
41
10.0%
0.25 parts
Name
Ammonium Sulfate
Fonction, Usage
Levels of Use
Buffer
Bakery Products . See use for Ammonium Phosphate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Gluconate
Alkali
Baking powder, up to
To reduce excessive acidity in wine
Neutralizer for ice cream and ice cream sirups
Confections
2 . 5%
Confections
0.25%
Buffer
Confections
Calcium Hydroxide
(Calcium hydrate)
0.25%
Alkali
Calcium sucrate, or saccharate, made up of three parts
of sugar to one part of calcium hydroxide, is used to
standardize acidity of frozen dairy products
Used to stabilize the potassium iodide of iodized salt
To reduce excessive acidity in wine
Sour-cream butter neutralizer
Canned peas . In such quantity that the pH does not
exceed 8.0
Calcium Lactate
Carbonate, Potassium
Carbonate, Potassium bi-
0.25%
Creamed cottage cheese

Alkali
Used in combination with potassium hydroxide in extrac
tion of color from annatto
Confections
Cacao products . Same as for Ammonium Carbonate
Carbonate, Sodium
Carbonate, Sodium sesqui-
0.25%
Alkali
Neutralizer in dairy industry (ice-cream mixes)
Sour-cream butter
Confections
In manufacture of tripe, sufficient for purpose
Calcium Sulfate
0.1%
Buffer
Constituent of some baking powders
Confections
Calcium Oxide
(Lime)
50%
3.0%
Alkali
Neutralizer for butter, cream, fluid milk, ice cream
Processing of olives before canning
Cacao products. Same as for Ammonium Carbonate
Canned peas . Same as for Magnesium Carbonate
Carbonate, Sodium bi-
Alkali
Prepared pancake, biscuit, muffin mixes
Leavening agent in baking powders
Various crackers and cookies
Tomato soup (adjust acidity)
Neutralizer for ices and sherbets; sirups for frozen products
Sour-cream butter
Confections
Cacao products. Same as for Ammonium Carbonate
Self- rising flours, self-rising white and yellow cornmeals.
Combined weight of acid-reacting substances (monocalcium
42
1.0%
Name
Function, Usage
Carbonate, Sodium bi- (cont'd)
and dicalcium phosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate)

and sodium bicarbonate per 100 lbs of flour, up to
Canned peas. Same as for Magnesium Carbonate
Tomato paste. May be used to neutralize part of the
tomato acids
Citrate, Calcium
Citrate, Sodium
3 oz
0.75%
0.32%
4.0%
Acid
Leavening agent
Dry acid for dessert powders, etc.
Glucono-delta- Lactone
2 . 0%
Acid
Neutralizer after lye peeling
Adjustment of pH of fruit juices, wines, jams, jellies,
jelly candies, canned fruit, carbonated beverages,
frozen fruit, canned vegetables, frozen dairy products
Cheese spread
Sherbet
Confectionery. Not more than
Canned figs
Dried egg whites
Cheese products . Same as for Acetic Acid
Mayonnaise, salad dressing, french dressing. May be
mixed with vinegar in such quantity that the weight of
the citric acid is not greater than 25% of the weight of
acids of the vinegar calculated as acetic acid
Fruit butter, jelly, preserves, jams. May be added in
amount sufficient to compensate for deficiency of fruit
acidity
Canned vegetables. Citric acid or a vinegar, in the cases
of all vegetables (except artichokes, in which such in
gredient is prescribed, and except canned mushrooms, in
which no such ingredient is permitted), in a quantity not
more than sufficient to permit effective processing by
heat without discoloration or other impairment. Arti
chokes citric acid or vinegar is added in such quantity
as to reduce the pH of the finished canned vegetable to
4.5 or below
Fresh beef blood . Citric acid or sodium citrate with or
without water, may be added to blood in an amount up to
0.2% of the total mixture
Fumaric Acid
4.5 lbs
Buffers
Confections
Jellies, jams. Sodium citrate or sodium potassium
tartrate, or combination thereof, per 100 lbs of
saccharine ingredient, up to
Citric Acid
Levels of Use
3.0%
Acid
Leavening agent
Jelly powders, soft-drink powders where dry food acid is
desired
Used in conjunction with calcium citrate in production of
alginate jellies
Hydrochloric Acid
Acid, modifier for food starch

Hydrolytic agent used in manufacture of sodium glutamate,
gelatin
Conversion of cornstarch to sirup
Adjustment of pH in brewing industry, up to
43
0.012%
0.02%
Name
Lactic Acid
Function, Usage
Acid
Used as acidulant in beverages, candy
Olives, used in brine as acidulant and preservative
Brewing industry. Up to
Dried egg whites
Cottage cheese
Confections
Bread, rolls, buns, etc. In such quantity that the pH of
the finished bread is not less than 4.5
Frozen desserts , sherbets, and ices
Fruit jelly, butter, preserves, jams. Sufficient amount
may be added to compensate for deficiency of fruit
acidity
Magnesium Carbonate
Levels of Use
0.2%
0.05%
2.0%
Alkali
Neutralizer for sour-cream butter, ice cream
Mixed with benzoyl peroxide for bleaching flour
Mixed with benzoyl peroxide for bleaching milk for
certain cheeses
Canned peas . May be used in such quantity that the pH
does not exceed 8.0
Magnesium Hydroxide
Alkali
Canned peas . In such quantity that the pH does not
exceed 8.0
Magnesium Oxide
Alkali
Used as neutralizer in frozen dairy products, butter
Canned peas . May be used in such quantity that the pH
does not exceed 8.0
Malic Acid
Acid
Frozen dairy products, beverages, bakery products, etc.
Fruit butter, jelly, jams, preserves. Sufficient amount
may be added to compensate for deficiency of fruit
acidity. Artificially sweetened preserves
Phosphate, Calcium,
monobasic
(Calcium acid
phosphate)
Phosphate, Calcium, tribasic
Buffer
Prepared mixes (pancake, muffin, cake, biscuit)
Leavening ingredient for various crackers and cookies
Pancake flour
Self-rising flours, self-rising white and yellow cornmeals. Same as for Carbonate, Sodium biPhosphated flour
Canned potatoes, canned green or red sweet peppers
Canned tomatoes
1.0 - 1.5%
0.05 - 0.20%
2.5%
0.25 - 0.75%
Buffer
Used for pH adjustment in frozen dairy products
Beverages
Confectionery
Baked goods
Phosphate, Sodium, dibasic

(Disodium phosphate)
4.0%
0.0016
0.09
0.0025
0.004
0.005%
0.1%
0.006%
0.03%
Buffer
Used to adjust acidity of various foods
Chocolate products
44
0.4 - 0.8%
Name
Function, Usage
Beverages
Sauces and toppings
Enriched farina
Macaroni products and enriched macaroni products
Pumping pickle for curing hams, shoulders, etc., up to
Cured hams, shoulders, etc. Up to
Chopped ham . Up to
Phosphate, Sodium, dibasic

(cont'd)
Phosphate, Sodium,
monobasic
Phosphate, Sodium,
tribasic
Buffers
Phosphate, Sodium Aluminum
Buffer
Prepared cereal
Levels of Use
0.1%
0.03 0. 14 0.5 0.5 5.0%
0.5%
0.5%
0.1%
0.25%
1.0%
1.0%
1.6%
Self- rising flour. The combined weight of acid- reacting

substance and sodium bicarbonate, per 100 lbs of flour
is no more than 4 . 5 lbs
Phosphate, Sodium Acid pyro-
Buffer
Used as slow-acting acid constituent of a leavening mix
ture for self-rising and prepared cake, doughnut, waffle,
and other types of flours and mixes
Muffin mix
Cup-cake mix
Self- rising flour, enriched self-rising flour. Combined
weight of acid-reacting substances (monocalcium and
dicalcium phosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate) and
sodium bicarbonate must not exceed 4.5 lbs per 100
lbs of flour
Phosphoric Acid
Acid
Soft drinks . Up to
Imitation jellies
Adjust pH in brewing industry, up to
Frozen dairy products, bakery products, candy, etc.
Dried egg whites
Potassium Citrate
1.0%
0.10 - 0.25%
0.035%
Buffer
Confections
Artificially sweetened jellies and preserves
Potassium Hydroxide
.0%
.37%
1.0%
Alkali
Used in combination with potassium carbonate for ex
traction of color from annatto seed
Peeling agent for tubers and fruits
Sodium Citrate
Buffer
Used to control acidity and retain carbonation in beverages
Frozen dairy products
Frozen fruit drinks
Confections
Fruit jelly, preserves, jams. For each 100 lbs of
Fresh beef blood. Citric acid or sodium citrate, with
or without water, may be added to blood in an amount
up to 0.2% of the total mixture
45
1.0%
3 oz
Name
Sodium Hydroxide
Function, Usage
Levels of Use
Alkali, modifier for food starch

Glazing agent for pretzels
Peeling agent for tubers and fruits
Refining process for vegetable oils and animal fats to
neutralize free fatty acids
Sour-cream butter neutralizer
Canned peas . In such quantity that alkalinity does not
exceed pH 8.0
Sodium Metasilicate
Alkali
Used as peeling solution for peaches
Denuder for tripe, sufficient for purpose
Succinic Acid
Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Acid, modifier for food starch

Used for adjustment of pH in brewing industry, up to
Tartaric Acid
Tartrate, Sodium Potassium

(Rochelle salts)
4.0%
Acid, buffer
Acid constituent of some baking powders
Miscellaneous confectionery products
0.05 - 0.25%
Buffer
Used as buffer in confections
Fruit jelly, preserves, jams. For each 100 lbs of
Cheeses
Vinegar
0.02%
Acid
Acidic constituent of some baking powders
Used to adjust acidity of frozen dairy products, jellies,
bakery products, beverages, confections
Dried egg whites
Artificially sweetened preserves
Tartrate, Potassium Acid

(Potassium bitartrate;
cream of tartar)
1.0 - 3.0%
Acid
46
3 oz
GROUP 8
FOOD COLORS
GROUP 8:
Name
Annatto (extract and seed)
(Arnotta, extract;
Annotta, extract)
FOOD COLORS
Function, Usage
Levels of Use
Vegetable dye from Bixa orellana L.

Used for dairy products (butter, cheese, cottage cheese,
buttermilk)
Coloring meat- product casings such as bologna and
frankfurters
Buttermilk
Margarine
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods (annatto seed)
Baked goods
Cake mixes
Breakfast cereals
0.0002
0.009
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.2%
0.004
0.2%
0.02%
0.03%
0.0025%
0.02%
0.01%
0.015%
Beet Juice
Beet Powder
Bixin and Norbixin
(Coloring components of
Annatto; see Annatto)
Calcium Carbonate
Caramel
Brown coloring
Ice cream, baked goods, soft drinks, confectionery,
and others
Carbon Black (prepared by

the "impingement" or
"channel" process)
Black food coloring
Carmine
Carminic Acid
Aluminum lake of cochineal
Red applesauce
Confectionery
Baked goods
Meats
Spices
Carotenal, Beta-apo-8'-
0.0002
0.0005
0.001
0.01
0.01%
0.03%
0.004%
0.02%
Coloring agent
Solid or semisolid foods, per pound, up to
Liquids, per pint, up to
Carotene
0.4%
15 mg
15 mg
Vegetable dye
Butter
Margarine
Shortening
Skim milk, buttermilk, cottage cheese
1.0-4 mg/lb
1.5-3 mg/lb
2.5-4 mg/lb
Carrot Oil
Citrus Red No. 2
Used in coloring of mature oranges
Cochineal
Source of carmine and carminic acids: Coccus cacti

Meat products
Beverages
Confectionery
Baked goods
Spices
0.0007
0.0002
0.005
0.01
49
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.02%
Name
Function, Usage
Levels of Use
Cottonseed Flour, cooked

(partially defatted and
toasted)
Ferrous Gluconate
FD&C Blue No. 1
(Brilliant blue)
FD&C Blue No. 2
(Indigo carmine)
FD&C Green No . 1
(Guinea green B)
FD&C Green No. 2
(Light green S F
yellowish)
FD&C Green No. 3
(Fast green FCF)
FD&C Red No. 2
(Amaranth)
Bottled soft drinks
Mint-flavored jelly
0.00013%
Breakfast cereals
Imitation jellies
Bottled soft drinks
0.0004%
0.005 - 0.008%
FD&C Red No . 3
(Erythrosine)
FD&C Violet No. 1
FD&C Yellow No. 5
(Tartrazine)
Canned fruit cocktail, fruit salad

Cherry-pie mix
0.0056%
0.01%

Imitation strawberry jelly
Bottled soft drinks
0 . 004%
0.002%
FD&C Yellow No. 6

(Sunset yellow FCF)
FD&C Lakes (Aluminum or
calcium lakes of FD&C
certified colors)
Bottled soft drinks

Used for dyeing shell eggs
Grapeskin Extract
Iron Oxides
Paprika and Paprika Oleoresin
Riboflavin
Saffron
Vegetable dye prepared from American saffron (safflower)

Meat products
Titanium Dioxide
Colorant
White pigment for candy. Up to
Gums, marking ink for confectionery
Tumeric and Curcumin
Vegetable dye
Meat products
Xanthophyll
50
0.4%
GROUP 9
NON-NUTRITIVE AND SPECIAL DIETARY SWEETENERS
GROUP 9:
NON-NUTRITIVE AND SPECIAL DIETARY SWEETENERS
These sweeteners are used as substitutes for sugars in such products as the following:
Beverages
Canned fruit products
Canned vegetables
Frozen desserts
Gelatin
Jellies, jams, and marmalades
Baked goods
Salad dressings
Frozen fruits
Name
Function, Usage
Cyclamates
(Cyclohexylsulfamates)
Calcium Cyclamate
Magnesium Cyclamate
Potassium Cyclamate
Sodium Cyclamate
Sweetening agents
Saccharin
(2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole)
Ammonium Saccharin
Calcium Saccharin
Sodium Saccharin
Sweetening agents
Sorbitol
Stabilizer and sweetener in nonstandardized frozen desserts

for special dietary use
Artificially sweetened canned peaches, apricots, pears,

cherries, fruit cocktail, figs, pineapple
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly preserves and jam.
Artificial sweetening ingredients as follows: Saccharin,
sodium saccharin, calcium saccharin, sodium cyclamate,
potassium cyclamate, calcium cyclamate, or any com
bination of these
Beverages
Baked goods
Artificially canned fruits. Sodium saccharin, saccharin,
calcium and sodium cyclamate may be used as sweeten
ing ingredients
Artificially sweetened jellies, jams, and preserves.
Artificial sweetening ingredients as follows: Saccharin,
sodium saccharin, calcium saccharin, sodium cyclamate,
potassium cyclamate, calcium cyclamate, or any com
bination of these
15 g/avg serving, 40 g/day total consumption. In food,

up to
Xylitol
Levels of Use
Sweetener
Special dietary uses: Marmalades and jams other than
those for which standards of identity have been
promulgated
53
0.001 - 0.012%
0.0012%
7.0%
GROUP 10
NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT
GROUP 10:
NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT
Function, Usage
Name
Alanine (L- and DL- forms)
Amino acid
Aluminum Nicotinate
Source of niacin in foods for special dietary use
p-Aminobenzoic Acid
-complex factor
Per day, up to
Arginine (L- and DL- forms)
Essential amino acid
Ascorbic Acid
(Vitamin C)
Anti- scorbutic vitamin
30 mg
Fruit juices, etc.

Frozen concentrated grape juice, orangeade, and
other fruit drinks
Carbonated beverages
Aspartic Acid (L- and DLforms)
Amino acid
Betaine, Anhydrous
Betaine Hydrochloride
Dietary supplement
Per day, up to
Biotin
(Vitamin H)
Essential nutrient
Boron Sources:
Boric Acid
Sodium Borate
Dietary supplements
Calcium Sources (harmless

calcium salts):
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Citrate
Calcium Glycerophosphate
Calcium Oxide
Calcium Phosphate, mono
basic, dibasic, tribasic
Calcium Pyrophosphate
Calcium Sulfate
Mineral supplements
Carotene
(Provitamin A,
Beta carotene)
0.02 - 0.04%
100 mg
Boron per day, up to

White cornmeal
Infant dietary formula
Per lb of enriched flour, enriched bromated flour,
enriched macaroni, and noodle products (as calcium)
Per lb of enriched self-rising flour (as calcium)
Per lb of enriched farina (as calcium)
Per lb of enriched cornmeal, enriched corn grits (as
calcium)
Per lb of enriched bread, rolls, etc. (as calcium)
0.1 mg
0.7%
0.25%
500 - 625 mg
1500 mg
500 mg
500 - 750 mg
300 - 800 mg
Vitamin-A precursor
Nutrient in skim milk, vegetable shortening, margarine
Margarine, per pound
Choline Bitartrate
Choline Chloride
Ferric Choline Citrate
Dietary supplement
Citrus Bioflavonoids
Vitamin-P complex
Daily intake, up to
Cobalt Sources:
Cobalt Carbonate
Cobalt Chloride
Cobalt Gluconate
Cobalt Sulfate
Levels of Use
5000 - 13000 USP

units
1 g
Mineral supplement
Cobalt per day, up to
57
1 mg
Function, Usage
Name
Copper Sources:
Cupric Chloride
Cupric Gluconate
Cupric Sulfate
Cupric Oxide
Mineral supplement
Cysteine (L- form)
Copper per day up to

In any food, up to
Bakery products. Per 100 lbs flour

Cystine (L- and DL- forms)
Amino acid
Fluorine Sources:
Calcium Fluoride
Hydrofluosilicic Acid
Potassium Fluoride
Sodium Fluoride
Sodium Silicofluoride
Fluoridation of water
Folic Acid
Nutrient
Per day (except on prescription), up to
Histidine (L- and DL- forms)
Inositol
Dietary supplement
Iodine Sources:
Essential nutrient
Levels of Use
2 mg
0.005%
0.009 lbs
0 . 10 mg
Iodine (from dehydrated

kelp)
Iodine per day, up to
0.7 mg
Cuprous Iodide
Table salt, up to
0.01%
Potassium Iodate
Dietary supplement, iodine per day, up to
0.15 mg
Potassium Iodide
Table salt, up to
Dietary supplement, iodine per day, up to
0.01%
0. 15%
Mineral supplement
Iron Sources:
Iron (Reduced iron, iron
powder)
Poultry stuffing
Iron Salts
Ferric Choline Citrate
enriched self- rising flour, enriched macaroni and
Ferric Phosphate
Ferric Pyrophosphate
noodle products
Ferric Sodium Pyrophosphate
Enriched farina, per lb
Per lb of enriched cornmeal, enriched corn grits
(Sodium iron pyrophosphate)
Per lb of enriched bread, rolls, etc.
Ferrous Fumarate
Iron salts may be used for enriched products if
Ferrous Gluconate
harmless and assimilable
Ferrous Lactate
Ferrous Sulfate
Isoleucine (L- and DL- forms)
Leucine (L- and DL- forms)
Linoleic Acid (prepared from

edible fats and oils and free
from chick-edema factor)
Essential fatty acid
Liver- stomach concentrate

(with intrinsic factor complex)
Dietary supplement
Lysine (L- and DL- forms)

l- Lysine Monohydrochloride
Essential amino acids

Fortification of specialty bread and cereal mixes, of
weight of flour
58
13 - 16.5 mg
13 mg
13 - 26 mg
8 - 12.5 mg
0.25 - 0.5%
Function, Usage
Name
Magnesium Sources:
Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium Phosphate
(dibasic and tribasic)
Magnesium Sulfate
Mineral supplement
Manganese Sources:
Manganese Chloride
Manganese Citrate
Manganese Gluconate
Manganese Glycerophosphate
Manganese Hypophosphite
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese Oxide
Manganous Oxide
Mineral supplement
DL-Methionine

Per day, up to
Molybdenum Sources:
Ammonium Molybdate
Sodium Molybdate
Molybdenum Sesquioxide
Molybdenum Trioxide
Mineral supplement
Niacin
(Nicotinic Acid)
Niacinamide
(Nicotinic amide,
Nicotinamide)
Aluminum Nicotinate
Essential nutrient
Nickel Sulfate
Mineral supplement
Levels of Use
200 mg
Per day, up to
2 mg
Prepared breakfast cereal, peanut butter, baby

cereals
enriched self- rising flour
Enriched farina. Per lb
Enriched cornmeal, enriched corn grits . Per lb
Enriched macaroni and noodle products. Per lb
Enriched bread, rolls, etc. Per lb
Nickel per day, up to

d - Pantothenam ide
Source of pantothenic acid activity in foods for special

dietary use
Pantothenate, Calcium
Pantothenate, Sodium
d_-Pantothenyl Alcohol
B-complex vitamin
Phenylalanine (L- and DLforms)
Phosphorous Sources:
Calcium Phosphate (mono
basic, dibasic, and tri
basic)
Magnesium Phosphate
(dibasic and tribasic)
Potassium Glycerophosphate
Sodium Phosphate (mono
basic, dibasic, and tri
basic)
Mineral supplements
Potassium Chloride
Substitute for sodium chloride in low- sodium dietary foods
Proline (L- and DL- forms)
Amino acid supplement
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
(Vitamin Bg)
B-complex vitamin
Constituents of formulated mineral supplements for

cereal products, particularly breakfast foods such
as farina
Prepared cereals, up to
Evaporated milk-base foods for infants
59
0.002 - 0.005%
16
16
16
27
10
1 mg
0.5%
20
20
24
34
15
mg
mg
mg
mg
mg
Name
Riboflavin
(Vitamin Bg,
Lactoflavin,
Vitamin G)
Function, Usage
B-complex vitamin
Dry baby cereals, poultry stuffing, peanut butter,
prepared breakfast cereals
enriched self-rising flour
Enriched cornmeal, enriched corn grits. Per lb
Riboflavin- 5 -Phosphate
More soluble form of riboflavin
Rutin
(Quercetin-3Rutinoside)
Dietary supplement for capillary fragility
Serine (L- and DL- forms)
Amino acid supplement
Thiamine Hydrochloride
(Vitamin B, hydro
chloride, Aneurine
hydrochlo ride)
Vitamin supplement
Thiamine Mononitrate
Levels of Use
Daily intake, up to
0.0001 - 0.0005%
1.2 1.2 1.7 0.7-
1 .5
1.8
2.2
1 .6
mg
mg
mg
mg
50 mg
Prepared breakfast cereals, peanut butter, poultry

stuffing, baby cereals, skim milk, bottled soft drinks
enriched self- rising flour
Enriched farina . Per lb
Per lb of enriched cornmeal, enriched corn grits
0.0001 - 0.0009%
2.0 - 2.5 mg
2.0 - 2.5 mg
2 - 3 mg
4-5 mg
1.1 - 1 .8 mg
More stable form of thiamine in dry mixes

Uses similar to those listed for Thiamine Hydrochloride
Threonine (L- and DL- forms)
Tocopherols
Alpha Tocopherol Acetate
Vitamin E supplements
Tryptophane (L- and DLforms)
Amino acid
Valine (L- and DL- forms)
Vitamin A
Vitamin A Acetate
Vitamin A Palmitate
Anti- infective, anti-xerophthalmic vitamin
Mellorine (vegetable-fat imitation ice cream)

Skim milk, dietary infant formula
Blue cheese, gorgonzola cheese. If milk is bleached,
vitamin A is added to the curd in such quantity as to
compensate for the vitamin A or its precursors de
stroyed in the bleaching process, and artificial coloring
is not used .
Oleomargarine, per pound
Vitamin 12
(Cyanocobalamin)
Anti-pernicious anemia factor
Vitamin D0
(Calciferol,
Irradiated ergosterol)
Vitamin Do
(Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol)
Nutritional factors
Prepared breakfast cereal, Mellorine (vegetable-fat
imitation ice cream), Vitamin-D milk, evaporated
milk, skim milk, margarine, infant dietary formula
Per lb of enriched flour, enriched bromated flour, en
riched self- rising flour, enriched cornmeal and grits,
enriched macaroni and noodle products
Enriched farina. Per lb
Evaporated milk. Per fluid ounce of the finished
product
60
15000 USP units
250 - 1000 USP units

250 USP units
150 - 750 USP units
25 USP units
Name
Function, Usage
Yeast, Dried
Yeast, Dried, Irradiated
Yeast, Torula, Dried
Dietary source of folic acid
Zinc Sources:
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Gluconate
Zinc Oxide
Zinc Stearate (prepared
from stearic acid free
from chick-edema factor)
Zinc Sulfate
Mineral supplement
Folic acid per gram of yeast

Pteroylglutamic acid per gram of yeast
Enriched farina. Irradiated yeast may be added as
source of vitamin D
Enriched cornmeals and corn grits
Bakery products
61
Levels of Use
.04 mg
.008 mg
GROUP 11
FLAVORING AGENTS
-Group A:
Synthetic Flavors
(The amounts listed as "average maximum parts

per million" are not tolerance limits and are often
exceeded in use. A discussion of the meaning and
application of these figures is found in Food Tech
nology, 19, No. 2, part 2, 1965.)
^/22
Chemical formula: CHgCH
OCH2C t^CH3
Flavors in which used:
Fruit
ACETAL
Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
Foods in which used:
Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Chemical Formula: CH3CH(OCH2CH3)2

Apple, apricot, banana, peach, whiskey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices, etc. ...
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.3
52
39
6,
120
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5
2.5
ACETAL R
(See Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal)
ACETANISOL
4 ' -Methoxyacetophenone
ACETALDEHYDE
Ethanal
Chemical formula: CH. -o- COCH,
Chemical formula: CHgCHO

Butter, caramel, chocolate, fruit, nut,
vanilla

Berry, butter, chocolate, apple, apricot,
banana, grape, peach, black walnut, rum,
wine

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Natural food occurrence:

Apples, broccoli, cheese, coffee, grapefruit,
grape juice (concord), grapes, lemon, milk
skim (heated 121, 90 min.), onions, oranges,
peaches, pears, pineapple, raspberries, straw
berries, coffee extract, peppermint oil, anise,
cooked beef, cooked chicken

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
ACETATE C-8
(See Octyl acetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
25
22
12
6.8
20, 2 70
ACETATE C-9
(See Nonyl acetate)
ACETATE C-l0
(See Decyl acetate)
ACETALDEHYDE BENZYL -METHOXYETHYL

ACETAL
(See Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal)
ACETATE C-ll
(See 10-Undecen- 1-yl acetate)
ACETALDEHYDE DIETHYL ACETAL

(See Acetal)
ACETATE C-l2
(See Lauryl acetate)
ACETALDEHYDE PHENETHYL PROPYL ACETAL

Acetal R; Pepital
ACETATE PA
(See Allyl phenoxyacetate)
65
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
2.5
4.6
5.8
840

Broccoli, grapes, pears, cultured dairy
products, cooked beef, cooked chicken
ACETIC ACID
Ethanoic acid
Chemical formula: CH3COOH

Apples, cheese, cocoa, coffee, grapes, grape
juice (concord), milk skim (irradiated),
oranges, parsley family, peaches, pineapple,
raspberries, strawberries, bay and bayleaves
extract

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Gelatin desserts ......
Chewing gum
2 ' ACETONAPHTHONE
(See Methyl ^-naphthyl ketone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
39
32
52
38
5,900
15
60
ACETOPHENONE
Methyl phenyl ketone
Chemical formula:
COCHg

Strawberry, floral, fruit, cherry, almond,
walnut, tobacco, vanilla, tonka
ACETIC ETHER
(See Ethyl acetate)

Strawberries, tea
(tri-)ACETIN

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2CH(OOCCH3)

CH2(OOCCH3)
Butter, butterscotch, fruit, nut, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.4
3.3
12
28
0.80, 50
0.60, 21
7
8

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Margarine
Gelatin desserts
Cottage cheese
Shortening

Raspberry, strawberry, butter, butter
scotch, chocolate, grape, rum, wine, spice,
tobacco, cheese, vinegar
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
190
60
560
1,000
4,100
P.-ACETYL ANISOLE
(See Acetanisole)
ACETYL BENZENE
(See Acetophenone)
ACETOACETIC ESTER
(See Ethyl acetoacetate)
ACETYL BUTYRYL
(See 2, 3-Hexandione)
ACETOIN
3- Hydroxy- 2 -butanone, Acetyl methyl carbinol
ACETYL ISOBUTYRYL
(See 4-Methyl-2, 3-pentanedione)
Chemical formula: CH3COCHOHCH3

ACETYL g- CRESOL
(See p_-Tolyl acetate)

Raspberry, strawberry, butter, butterscotch,
caramel, coconut, coffee, fruit, liquor, rum,
nut, walnut, vanilla, cream soda, cheese
ACETYL ^-CRESOL
(See -Tolyl acetate)
66
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.98
2.4
3.6
5.6
7
0.60, 20
ACETYL EUGENOL
(See Eugenyl acetate)

Fruit, brandy, rum
ACETYL ISOEUGENOL
(See Isoeugenyl acetate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Chewing gum
ACETYLFORMALDEHYDE
(See Pyruvaldehyde)
ACETYLFORMIC ACID
(See Pyruvic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2, 0.20
0.60
30, 0.60
15, 0.60
20
28
ADIPIC ACID
1 , 4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL

(See Acetoin)
Chemical formula: CHgCH2COOH

22
ACETYL NONYRYL
(See 2,3-Undecadione)

Fruit
Meats
ACETYL PELARGONYL
(See 2,3-Undecadione)
ACETYL PENTANOYL
(See 2, 3-Heptanedione)

Beverages
Gelatin desserts
3-ACETYLPROPIONIC ACID
(See Levulinic acid)
ALCOHOL C-7
(See Heptyl alcohol)
ACETYL PROPIONYL
(See 2,3-Pentanedione)
ALCOHOL C-8
(See 1 -Octanol)
2- ACETYL TOLUENE
(See 4 '-Methyl acetophenone)
ALCOHOL C-9
(See Nonyl alcohol)
ACETYL VALERYL
(See 2, 3-Heptanedione)
ALCOHOL C-l0
(See l-Decanol)
ACETYL VANILLIN
(See Vanillin acetate)
ALCOHOL C-ll UNDECYLIC

(See Undecyl alcohol)
ACHILLEIC ACID
(See Aconitic acid)
ALCOHOL C-l2
(See Lauryl alcohol)
ACONITIC ACID
ALCOHOL C-l6
(See 1-Hexadecanol)
Chemical formula:
CHCOOH
I
CCOOH
2
ALDEHYDE C-7
(See Heptanal)
67
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
40
5,000
ALDEHYDE C-8
(See Octanal)

Citrus fruit, grape
ALDEHYDE C-9
(See Nonanal)
ALDEHYDE - 10
(See Decanal)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ALDEHYDE C-ll UNDECYLENIC

(See 9-Undecenal)
ALLYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Allyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
0.67
2
0.02, 1
2
Chemical formula: CH2=CHCH2OOCCH2CH2CH3

ALDEHYDE C-ll UNDECYLIC
(See Undecanal)

Butter, fruit, pineapple
ALDEHYDE -l2 LAURIC

(See Lauric aldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
0.50, 1
1.3
0.50, 3
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ALDEHYDE C-l2 MNA

(See 2-Methylundecanal)
ALDEHYDE C-l4 PURE (so-called)

(See -Undecalactone)
ALLYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Allyl ester
ALDEHYDE C-l4 (Myristic)

(See Myristaldehyde)
Chemical formula:
CH=CHCOOCH2CH=CH2

Fruit
ALDEHYDE C-l6 PURE (so-called)

(See Ethyl methyl phenylglycidate)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ALDEHYDE C-l8 (so-called)

(See y-Nonalactone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1.4
1.8
2.6
ALLOMALEIC ACID
(See Fumaric acid)
ALLYL CYC LOHEXANEACETATE
Cyclohexaneacetic acid, Allyl ester
ALLYL ACETIC ACID
(See 4-Pentenoic acid)
Chemical formula: ^
2-ALLYLANISOLE
(See Estragole)

Pineapple
ALLYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: <!
^ CH2COOCH2CH:CH2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
J COOCH2CH:CH2
V
68
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.6
3.5
4
ALLYL CYCLOHEXANEBUTYRATE
Cyclohexanebutyric acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: (
\ CH2(CH2>2COOCH2CH=
N' CH,
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
2.3
4.4
4.8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Pineapple
ALLYL -CYCLOHEXYLPROPIONATE
(See Allyl cyclohexanepropionate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1.4
3.3
3.8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ALLYL 3-CYCLOHEXYLPROPIONATE
(See Allyl cyclohexanepropionate)
ALLYL DISULFIDE
ALLYL CYCLOHEXANEHEXANOATE
Cyclohexanehexanoic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH2=CHCH2)2S2
Chemical formula: ( VcH(CH2)4COOCH2CH=

w 2

Garlic, onion, spice

Fruit

Garlic, leek
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
3.3
8
8.5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7
6.5

Meats . . .
Condiments
ALLYL ENANTHATE
(See Allyl heptanoate)
ALLYL CYCLOHEXANEPROPIONATE
Cyclohexanepropionic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: <^
^-CH2CH2COOCH2CH:CH2

Pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin and puddings ....
Chewing gum
Icings
ALLYL 2-ETHYLBUTYRATE
2-Ethylbutyric acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: (2)22=2
Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
3.1
13
7.1
7.7
30
0.20

Beverages
Candy
Gelatin and puddings
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.50
2
1
ALLYL 2-FUROATE
Furoic acid, Allyl ester
ALLYL CYCLOHEXANEVALERATE
Cyclohexanevaleric acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: ||^ JJ^

2=2
Chemical formula: ( VcH(CH2)3COOCH2CH=

>' CH,

Coffee, pineapple

Pineapple
69
ALLYL 2-FUROATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.53
0.05, 2
1.6
0.75, 2
1
Chemical formula:
=22=
Cr CHn

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Toppings
4-ALLYLGUAIACOL
(See Eugenol)
ALLYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Allyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 50
1.4
2.6
3.1
1
2
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5COOCH2CH=CH2
ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE

Berry, fruit, brandy
Chemical formula: CH2:CHCH2NCS

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.7
6.4
6.4
2.9
86

Meat, spice
Mustard, horseradish, onion

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meat
Pickles
ALLYL HEPTOATE
ALLYL HEPTYLATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 0.02
0.50
0 . 50
5.2
52
87
88, 10
ALLYL MERCAPTAN
2 - Propene - 1 - thiol
ALLYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: CH2=CHCH2SH

Chemical formula: 3(2)42=2
Spice

Orange, strawberry, apple, apricot, peach,
pineapple, tutti fruiti

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin dessert
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7
11
32
25
22
210
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25
2,
0.50
0 . 50
2,
0 . 50
2,
3
0.50
4- ALLYL- 2-METHOXYPHENOL
(See Eugenol)
ALLYL a-IONONE
Cetone V
l-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-l-yl)
1 , 6-heptadien-3-one
4-ALLYL-2-METHOXYPHENYL BENZOATE
(See Eugenyl benzoate)
70
4-ALLYL-2-METHOXYPHENYL FORMATE
(See Eugenyl formate)
Chemical formula:
Pineapple, honey
ALLYL trans - 2 - METHYL- 2 - BU TENOATE

(See Allyl tiglate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ALLYL NONANOATE
Nonanoic acid, Ally ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)7COOCH2CH=CH2
Fruit, wine
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3,
o.06
8
14
40
ALLYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Allyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.70
3,
0.50
5
3,
5
J

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
CH2COOCH2CH=CH2
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH2CH=CH2

Pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ALLYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Allyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3,
0.06
16
6.5
10
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)6COOCH2CH:CH2

Pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ALLYL SORBATE
Sorbic acid, Allyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
3.3
5.1
4
0.10
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOCH2CH=

2
Fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ALLYL PHENOXYACETATE
Phenoxyacetic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.86
0.5
5,
0.50
1
2
22=
CH2
ALLYL SULFHYDRATE
(See Allyl mercaptan)

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.82
0.4, 0.004
2.3
1,
0.02
'.'>
ALLYL SULFIDE
Chemical formula: (CH2=CHCH2)2S
Fruit, garlic
Garlic, horseradish
ALLYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Allyl ester
71
ALLYL SULFIDE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.05
13
3.7

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.6
18
22
15, 48
1
4-ALLYLVERATROLE
(See Eugenyl methyl ether)
ALLYLTHIOL
AMBRETTOLIDE
(See -6-Hexadecenlactone)
ALLYL TIGLATE
Tiglic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH=C(CH3)COOCH2CH= CH2
a-AMINOMETHYL BENZOATE
(See Methyl anthranilate)

Fruit
AMMONIUM SULFIDE

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.28
0.50, 0.50
0.50, 3
0.50, 3
Chemical formula: (NH4)2S

Spice

Baked goods
Condiments
ALLYL 10-UNDECENOATE
10-Undecenoic acid, Allyl ester
Chemical formula: CH2=CH(CH2)gCOOCH2CH=CH2
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
AMMONIUM ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Ammonium salt

Fruit
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2COO~NH4+
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.25
0.50, 0.50
0.50
0 . 50

Butter, nut, cheese

Baked goods
Sirups . . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
58
0.20
ALLYL UNDECYLENATE
(See Allyl 10-undecenoate)
AMYL ACETATE (common)
(See Isoamyl acetate)
ALLYL ISOVALE RATE
Isovaleric acid, Allyl ester
ISOAMYL ACETATE (common)
0-Methyl butyl acetate
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2COOCH2CH=CH2

Fruit
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
72
ISOAMYL ACETATE (common) (cont'd)

Chocolate, apple, banana, brandy, rum

Raspberry, strawberry, butter, caramel,
coconut, cola, apple, banana, cherry, grape,
peach, pear, pineapple, rum, cream soda,
vanilla

Apples, cognac, lemons, peppermint, rasp
berries, strawberries, tea

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Brandy

Banana, cocoa
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
28
56
190
120
100
2, 700
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
7.6
52
24
46
300
100
AMYL ALDEHYDE
(See Valeraldehyde)
ISOAMYL ACETOACETATE
CH3
Chemical formula: --2---2--
ISOAMYL ALDEHYDE
CH3 (See 3-Methylbutyraldehyde)

Fruit, apple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOAMYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Isoamyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
7
25
25
Chemical formula: / 4 COOCH2CH2CH

f (3)2
Berry, apple, cherry, plum, prune, liquor,
rum, maple
AMYL ALCOHOL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)3CH2OH

Berry, chocolate, apple, banana, pineapple,
liquor, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
2.5
3.5
7.4
4.6
200

Cocoa, oranges

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
AMYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Amyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
15
35
24
7.7, 50
150, 340
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2COOCH2(CH2)3

CHo
fruit, apple, apricot, banana, cherry, grape,
peach, pineapple, vanilla
AMYL ALCOHOL, Commercial

(See Fusel, oil, refined)

Cocoa
ISOAMYL ALCOHOL

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH

73
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
19
32
AMYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)

Foods in which used (cont'd):
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin and puddings . ...
Chewing gum
Cherry sirup
Chemical formula: 3(2)32

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
76
43
1.4, 0.50
760
58
^j^|=
Strawberry, apple, apricot, peach, walnut,
spice
ISOAMYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Isoamyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH
(crf3)2
Berry, strawberry, butter, butterscotch,
chocolate, fruit, banana, cherry, peach,
pineapple
g-AMYLCINNAMALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL

1 , 1 - Dime thoxy- 2 - amyl- 3 - phenyl- 2 - propene

Cocoa

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)3CH2

O-chJ(3)2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
34
79
51
60
570

Fruit
CHq
H
CH3
I 3
I
II I 3
CH3-C-CH2--O-C-C-CH3
H
H
H
ISOAMYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Isoamyl ester

Fruit, banana

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatins and puddings ...
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.80
1.5, 2
2
2.6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
1.5
4
4.5
0.03, 0.05
15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
34
71
51
60
2,000
CH=CHCOOCH 2
CH2CH(CH3)2

Strawberry, butter, caramel, chocolate,
cocoa, fruit, peach, pineapple, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-AMYL BUTYROLACTONE
(See y-Nonalactone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
4.2
13
13
a- AMYLCINNAM YL ACETATE
a-Pentylcinnamyl acetate
a- AM YLCINNAMALDEHYDE
a- Amyl /?-phenylacrolein Buxine
a- Pentylcinnamaldehyde
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)3CH2

(^~ CH=CCH2OOCCH3
74
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.36
1.2
1.3
1.7
1
tt-AMYLCINNAMYL ACETATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Chocolate, fruit, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.92
3.5
3.5
3
3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
AMYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Amyl ester
Chemical formula: HCOOCH2(CH2)3CH3
a-AMYLCMNAMYL ALCOHOL
ot- Pentylcinnamyl alcohol , Buxinol
Chemical formula:

Strawberry, apple, apricot, banana, cherry,
peach, plum, nut, walnut
3(2)32
/
S =2
Apples


Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
11
31
170

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.47
1.5
1.6
1,5
2
ISOAMYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Isoamyl ester
a-AMYLCINNAMYL FORMATE
a- Pentylcinnamyl formate
Chemical formula: HCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2

Chemical formula:
3(2)32
Strawberry, apple, apricot, banana, cherry,
currant, peach, pineapple
=2
Chocolate, fruit, maple, nut
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.17
0.93
1.5
1.5
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
ISOAMYL 2-FURANBUTYRATE
2-Furanbutyric acid, Isoamyl ester
a-AMYLCINNAMYL ISOVALERATE
OL- Pentylcinnamyl isovalerate
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.4
14
22
16
2,
28
250

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:
CH3(CH2)3CH2
CH=CCH2OOCCH2CH
(CH3)2
CH2CH2CH
(CH3)2

Chocolate, coffee, fruit, whisky

Chocolate, fruit, grape, nut
75
AMYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Amyl ester
ISOAMYL 2-FURANBUTYRATE (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.03, 5.0
2.8
6
8.0, 0.50
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4COOCH2(CH2)3CH3

Citrus, chocolate, apple, grape, pineapple,
honey, liquor
Chemical formula: ex
4O^CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH
(3)2
Chocolate, coffee, fruit, whisky
ISOAMYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Isoamyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.33, 0.02
0.65, 0.33
3.6, 1.6
3.6,1.6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.3
16
22
8.3
3.7, 0.30
110

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
ISOAMYL 2-FURANPROPIONATE
2- Furanpropionic acid, Isoamyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4COOCH2CH2CH

(CH3)2
Raspberry, strawberry, apple, pineapple,
honey, rum
a-ISOAMYL FURFURYLACETATE
(See Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
a-ISOAMYL FURFURYLPROPIONATE
(See Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate)
AMYL 2-FUROATE
2-Furoic acid, Amyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
14
17
15
3.7
ISOAMYL o-HYDROXYBENZOATE
(See Isoamyl salicylate)
Chemical formula: V^4 COOCH(CH2)3CH3

Rum, maple
2-AMYL-5 (or 6) -KETO-1,4-DIOXANE
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
5
6,
1.5
1
10

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Chemical formula: 0= I

Fruit
AMYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Amyl ester
Chemical formula:

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Shortening . . . .
CH3(CH2)5COOCH2(CH2)3CH3

Lemon, coconut, fruit, nut
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
I
^(2)43
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7
3.8
7.5
3
3.5
53
76
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
5
5
ISOAMYL LAURATE
Dodecanoic acid, Isoamyl ester

Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

(3)2
Fruit, liquor
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOAMYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Isoamyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3,
0.04
6,
0.16
6,
0.50
6,
0.50
Chemical formula:
(\ 222
\=/ (CH3)2

Butter, chocolate, cocoa, peach, honey,
licorice, anise
ISOAMYL NONANOATE
Nonanoic acid, Isoamyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Toppings

Fruit, cognac, rum
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
7.4
3.5
2.1
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
3.3
3
4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
16
12
14
0.8, 0.25
3.4, 0.15
a-AMYL -PHENYLACROLEIN
(See a-Amylcinnamaldehyde)
AMYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Amyl ester
ISOAMYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Isoamyl ester

Chemical formula: 3222()2
Chocolate, fruit, liquor

Raspberry, strawberry, apple, banana,
cherry, grape, peach, pineapple, rum

Apple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
3.5
6.0
3.5
2.1
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.8
13
38
6.1
0 . 80
750
ISOAMYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Isoamyl ester
ISOAMYL PYRUVATE
Pyruvic acid, Isoamyl ester

(CH3)2
Chemical formula: CH3COCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2

Fruit, rum, maple


Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.6
5.1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
77
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4.7
8.1
9.2
12
ISOAMYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Isoamyl ester
Chemical formula:

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liquors
22()2
OH
Root beer, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
340
150
1,500
1,400
ANGELICA LACTONE
(See i-Pentadecalactone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
2.9
3
3
j3- ANISALDEHYDE
(See -Methoxybenzaldehyde)
ANISE CAMPHOR
(See Anethole)
ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Isoamyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3^CHCH2COOCH2CH^CH
(CH3)2
ANISIC ALCOHOL
(See Anisyl alcohol)

Raspberry, strawberry, apple, apricot, banana,
cherry, peach, pineapple, honey, rum, walnut,
vanilla, cream soda
ANISIC KETONE
(See 1 - (_p_ - M ethoxypheny1) - 2 - propanone )
ANISOLE
Bananas, peaches

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Jellies
Chemical formula: CH3O

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.5
14
33
41
61, 1
390
10

Licorice, root beer, sarsaparilla, wintergreen, birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
AMYL VINYL CARBINOL

(See l-Octen-3-ol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9
16
51
34
ANISYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Anisyl ester
-Methoxy benzyl acetate
ANETHOLE
Chemical formula: CH.
CH2OOCCH3
Chemical formula: CHCH:=- OCH,

Berry, chocolate, cocoa, fruit, vanilla

Fruit, honey, licorice, anise, liquor, nut,
root beer, sarsaparilla, spice, vanilla,
wintergreen, birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Anise, fennel, star anise

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
26
78
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
8
15
12
11
30
ANISYL PHENYLACETATE
ANISYL ACETONE
(See 4 - (g- M e thoxypheny1) - 2 - butanone )
Chemical formula:
ANISYL ALCOHOL
CH9-O-C-C f~\
t W
CH2OH

Chocolate, cocoa, fruit, licorice, vanilla

Honey

Vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.4
8
11
12
1.9
ANISYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Anisyl ester
ANISYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Anisyl ester

Apple, banana, cherry, peach, pineapple,
quince

Fruit, licorice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
5.7
10
13
APPLE ACID
(See 1 -Malic acid)
CH2OOCH

Raspberry, fruit, licorice, vanilla
ARGEOL
(See Santalol (a- and-))

Currant, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
5.6
6.1
16
20
0.25

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ANISYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Anisyl ester
CH2OOCCH2CH3

Raspberry, cherry, licorice
Chemical formula: CH3O{VCH2OOC(CH2)2

W CH3

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.6
6.6
4.3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
AUBEPINE LIQUID
(See j3-Methoxybenzaldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
3.9
7.9
14
0.20
BENZALDEHYDE
Chemical formula:
CHO

Berry, butter, coconut, apricot, cherry,
peach, liquor, brandy, rum, almond, pecan,
pistachio, spice, vanilla
ANISYL METHYL KETONE

(See 1 - (- Methoxyphenyl) - 2 - propanone)
79
BENZALDEHYDE (cont'd)
^ÔCH.,

Cherries, raspberries, tea, almonds, bitter
oil, cajaput oil, cassia bark
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
36
Ice cream, ices
42
Candy
120
Baked goods
110
Gelatin and pudding ....
160
Chewing gum
840
Cordials
32
Chemical formula:
^ H
ÔCH,
I 2
,

Fruit, cherry, nut, almond
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
34
27
110
96
50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BENZALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL

Chemical formula:
^^> CH(OCH3>2

BENZENECARBONAL
(See Benzaldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
26
22
56
45
50
60

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Alcoholic beverages ....
BENZENECARBOXYLIC ACID
(See Benzoic acid)
BENZENEMETHYLAL
(See Benzaldehyde)
BENZALDEHYDE GLYCERYL ACETAL

BENZILIDENE ACETONE
(See 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one)
Chemical formula:
.o-c
/2
I
CH.
ÔCH,
f \ CH
CHOH
and
1 , 2-BENZODIHYDROPYRONE
(See Dihydrocoumarin)
^-
2
BENZOIC ACID
about 60%
about 40%
Chemical formula :


Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
^~~~00

Chocolate, lemon, orange, cherry, fruit,
nut, tobacco
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
21
24
110
73
100
840

Cherry bark, raspberries, tea, anise,
cassia bark, cassie, oil of lovage

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Icings
Chewing gum . . .
BENZALDEHYDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL

ACETAL
4 - Me thyl- 2 - phenyl- in - d ioxolane
80
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.5
4.8
8.9
40
250
20, 32
BENZOIC ALDEHYDE
(See Benzaldehyde)
BENZOIN
Chemical formula:
CHOHCO

Butter, butterscotch, fruit, liquor, rum,
vanilla
BENZYLACETIC ACID
(See 3-Phenylpropionic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.5
0.54
2
1.4
0.10

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
14
34
22
760
23

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Gelatin desserts
BENZYL ACETOACETATE
Acetoacetic acid, Benzyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH2OOCCH2COCH3

Berry, fruit
BENZOPHENONE
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Berry, butter, fruit, apricot, peach, nut,
vanilla

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.61
1.7
2.4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
6
13
13
10, 0.50
50
BENZYLACETONE
(See 4 - Phenyl- 3- buten- 2 -one)
BENZYL ACETYL ACETATE

(See Benzyl acetoacetate)
2,3- BENZOPYRROLE
(See Indole)
BENZYL ALCOHOL
BENZOYLBENZENE
(See Benzophenone)
Chemical formula: 0~CH2H
BENZOYL EUGENOL
(See Eugenyl benzoate)

Blueberry, loganberry, raspberry, orange,
floral, rose, violet, fruit, cherry, grape,
honey, liquor, muscatel, nut, walnut, root
beer, vanilla
BENZYLACETALDEHYDE
(See Hydrocinnamaldehyde)

Cassie, raspberries, tea, clove oil,
castoreum
BENZYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Benzyl ester
Chemical formula: (/ V- CH2OOCCH3

\=/
~
Raspberry, strawberry, butter, violet,
apple, banana, cherry, plum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
81
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15
160
47
220
45, 21
1,200
BENZYL ISOAMYL ALCOHOL

(See a-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol)
Chemical form ula: /
BENZYL BENZENE CARBOXYLATE

(See Benzyl benzoate)

Loganberry, raspberry, strawberry, butter,
apricot, peach, pear, liquor, muscatel,
cheese, nut
BENZYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Benzyl ester

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:;: /^\-COOCH2H^

Loganberry, strawberry, cherry, pineapple,
liquor, muscatel, rum, cheese, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
~CH2OOC(CH2)2CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.5
12
39
33
280
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.5
6.9
7.7
9.9
3
310
BENZYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Benzyl ester
Chemical formula: ^^-2(3)2
Strawberry, fruit
BENZYL BUTANOATE
(See Benzyl butyrate)
BENZYLBUTYL ALCOHOL
(See a-Propylphenethyl alcohol)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BENZYL ISOBUTYL CARBINOL

BENZYL CARBINOL
(See Phenethyl alcohol)
BENZYL BUTYL ETHER
BENZYL CARBINYL ACETATE

(See Phenethyl acetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.2
12
12
25
Chemical formula.o 22(2)23

BENZYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Benzyl ester
Flavors in which used

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 2
3.5
8
2,
8
2
=2

Raspberry, chocolate, apricot, cherry,
peach, pineapple, plum, prune, honey,
liquor, rum
BENZYL ISOBUTYL KETONE

(See 4 -Methyl- 1- phenyl- 2 -pentanone)
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
BENZYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Benzyl ester
82
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
2.5
6.7
6.6
3,
5
5.3, 120
BENZYL DIMETHYL CARBINYL ACETATE

(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl acetate)
BENZYL DIMETHYL CARBINYL BUTYRATE

(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BENZYL DIMETHYL CARBINYL FORMATE

(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl formate)
BENZYL ISOEUGENOL
Isoeugenol benzyl ether
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
2.5
7.5
7.5
Chemical formula:
BENZYL 2,3-DIMETHYLCROTONATE
2, 3-Dimethylcrotonic acid, Benzyl ester
Chemical formula:
H H ^Y-CH2-0
3 - c-c -^. 3
CH2OOCC(CH3)=
C(CH3)2

Spice, banana

Fruit, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.75
2.8
1.8
1.5

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
0.50
17
3.5, 1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BENZYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Benzyl ester
BENZYL DIPROPYL KETONE
(See 3-Benzyl-4-heptanone)
Chemical formula:
BENZYL DISULFIDE
Dibenzyl disulfide

Chocolate, apricot, cherry, peach, pine
apple, plum, prune, honey, liquor
CH2OOCH
Chemical formula:
c2-s-s-c2

Coffee, caramel

Baked goods
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
8
12
8.6
32

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
6
0.5
0.1
3 - BENZYL- 4 -HEPTANONE
CH3CH2
Chemical formula:
\
;(2)23
BENZYLETHYL ALCOHOL
(See 3 - Phenyl- l- propanol)
W
Fruit
BENZYL ETHYL ETHER

Chemical formula:
CH2OCH2CHg

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Fruit
83
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
4.6
11
11
BENZYL o-HYDROXYBENZOATE
(See Benzyl salicylate)
Chemical formula: ^^-c2cooc2 {^

Butter, caramel, fruit, honey
BENZYLIDENE ACETONE METHYL

(See 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one)

Honey
BENZYL MERCAPTAN
a-Toluenethiol
Chemical formula: ^
^ CH2SH

Coffee
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25, 0.15
0.15, 0.50
0.75, 0.50
0.75,0.50

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.6
6.6
4.3
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
andy
Baked goods
Toppings
BENZYL -PHENYLACRYLATE
(See Benzyl cinnamate)
BENZYL PHENYLFORMATE
(See Benzyl benzoate)
BENZYL METHOXYETHYL ACETAL
Acetaldehyde benzyl -methoxyethyl acetal
l-Benzyloxy- l-(-methoxy) ethoxy ethane
Chemical formula:
BENZYL PROPANOATE
(See Benzyl propionate)
CH3OCH2CH2Q
\
CHCHL
BENZYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Benzyl ester
/
2
Chemical form ula:

Fruit, cherry

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
223

Berry, apple, banana, grape, pear, pineapple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
1
1
1

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Icings
BENZYL 2 -METHYL PROPANOATE

(See Benzyl isobutyrate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
5.8
19
17
150, 19
40
BENZYLPROPYL ACETATE
(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl acetate)
BENZYL METHYL TIGLATE

(See Benzyl 2 , 3-dimethylcrotonate)
BENZYLPROPYL ALCOHOL
(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol)
l-BENZYLOXY- l-(jj-METHOXY) ETHOXY

ETHANE
(See Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal)
BENZYLPROPYL CARBINOL
BENZYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Benzyl ester
84
BENZYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Benzyl ester
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula: Q-c2ooc^}

Nut, spice

Floral, peach

Coriander, ginger, oil of lime, rosemary,
strawberries, thyme, citronella, nutmeg
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
0.89
1.8
0.01, 2 .2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BENZYLTHIOL
(See Benzyl mercaptan)
BENZYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Benzyl ester
ISOBORNEOL
Chemical formi
ula: /
Chemical formula
V 22()2

Raspberry, apple, apricot, banana, cherry,
pineapple, walnut, cheese

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4, 0.25
4
7
1
30
30

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Sirup
Chewing gum . . .

Fruit, spice
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.2
3.4
16
94
56
200
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.2
23
11
8.3
0 . 80

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
BORNYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Bornyl ester
BERGAMOL
(See Linalyl acetate)
OOCCHo
Chemical formula:
BIACETYL
(See Diacetyl)
Fruit, spice
BLATTERALKOHOL
(See 3-Hexen-l-ol)

Extracts of yarrow herb and iva herb
BOLETIC ACID
(See Fumar ic acid)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Chewing gum
BORNEOCAMPHOR
(See Borneol)
BORNEOL
85
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.8
1.9
1.4
0.20
70
0.30
i.OOCCH2CH3
Chemical formula: jl^J
ISOBORNYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Isobornyl ester
CCH,

Fruit
Chemical formula:

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.6
12
3.9
9.5
70

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.01
1,
0.80
1.2
1.8

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BORNYL VALERATE
Valeric acid, Bornyl ester
(2)33
Chemical formula:
BORNYL ALCOHOL
(See Borneol)

Fruit
BORNYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Bornyl ester
OOCH
Chemical formula: j^^J^

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.06
0.30
2,
0.90
0.80

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BORNYL ISOVALE RATE

Isovaleric acid, Bornyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
0.30, 3
2,
0.80
2,
0 . 80
0.04
2(3)2
Chemical formula:

Fruit
ISOBORNYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Isobornyl ester
^.oocH
Chemical formula: _ _ T

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.
0.06
1,
0.40
2,
0.90
2,
0.90
12

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
ISOBORNYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Isobornyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.06
1,
0.03
0 . 74
0 . 80
2(3)2
Chemical formula:

Fruit
ISOBORNYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Isobornyl ester
86
ISOBORNYL ISOVALERATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
trans -BUTENEDIOIC A
(See Fumaric acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.60
1,
0.30
0.90
2,
0.80
BUTTER ACIDS
Butter, cheese
BORNYVAL
(See Bornyl isovalerate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTANAL
(See Butyraldehyde)
BUTANDIONE
(See Diacetyl)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
3
2,800
8.3
BUTTER ESTERS
Chemical formula: Mixed RCOOCH2CH3
1,4-BUTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
(See Adipic acid)

Butter, caramel, chocolate
2,3- BUTANE DIONE

(See Diacetyl)

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Topping
Popcorn
BUTANOIC ACID
(See Butyric acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
24
78
86
2
1,200
1 -BUTANO L
(See Butyl alcohol)
BUTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Butyl ester
ISOBUTANOL
(See Isobutyl alcohol)
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH3
2,3-BUTANOLONE
(See Acetoin)

Raspberry, strawberry, butter, banana,
pineapple
2-BUTANONE

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2CH3

None listed
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
16
32
32
13
220

Coffee

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOBUTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Isobutyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
70
270
100
100
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2CH(CH^

grape
87
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
ISOBUTYL ACETATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
16
36
35
170
860
5.5
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2OH

Butter, cola, fruit, liquor, rum, whisky
Apples, raspberries
BUTYL ACETOACETATE
Acetoacetic acid, Butyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2COOC^(CH^CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
7
30
24

Berry, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTYL ALDEHYDE
(See Butyraldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
7.3
26
26
ISOBUTYL ALDEHYDE
(See Isobutyraldehyde)
ISOBUTYL ANGELATE
Angelic acid, Isobutyl ester
ISOBUTYL ACETOACETATE
Acetoacetic acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2COOCH2CH(CH3)2
Chemical formula: CH3CH=C(CH3)COOCH2CH

(H3>2

Berry, fruit

None listed

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.0
7.0
25
25

Oil of chamomile

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Icings
BUTYL ALCOHOL
1-Butanol
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
BUTYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Butyl ester

Butter, cream, fruit, liquor, rum, whisky
Chemical formula: / \-2(2)2

X=<NH2

Apples, raspberries

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Cordials
Cream
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
1.5
5,
3,
100

Grape, mandarin, pineapple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
7
34
32
1
4

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
88
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.6
9
6.7
ISOBUTYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: ^

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings and gelatin ....
Liquor
^-COOCH2CH(CH3)2
NHo

Mandarin, cherry, grape
BUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Butyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
4
12
12
5,
1,700

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)2COOCH2CH(CH3)2

cherry
ISOBUTYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: ^

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
^-COOCH2CH(CH3)2

Berry, fruit, cherry, plum, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
9
7.9
12
10 , 23
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.7
4
19
39
2,000
ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOOCH2CH(CH3)2
Strawberry, butter, fruit, banana, liquor,
rum
BUTYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Butyl ester
Berry, butter, apple, banana, peach, pineapple,
liquor, scotch, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.3
16
25
24
14
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.6
22
24
22
14
1,500
150

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.5
7.4
16
17
3.3, 10
2
BUTYL BUTYRYLLACTATE
Butyryllactic acid, Butyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH3CHCOOCH2(CH2)2CH3
3(2)2
ISOBUTYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Isobutyl ester

Butter, butterscotch, fruit, nut, vanilla

Berry, apple, banana, pineapple, liquor, rum
89
BUTYL BUTYRYLLACTATE (cont'd)
BUTYL 2-DECENOATE
2-Decenoic acid, Butyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
9
44
58

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CHJCH^gCH^HCOOCHg

(CH2)2CH3
Apricot, peach
ISOBUTYL CARBINOL
(See Isoamyl alcohol)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
a- BUTYLCINNAM ALDEHYDE
Chemical formula:
CH3(CH2)2CH2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8
22,
30
2,000
1.5
CH=CCHO
Fruit, nut, spice, cinnamon

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTYL DECYLENATE
(See Butyl 2-decenoate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
1,
2.8
2,
8
2,
8
BUTYL DODECANOATE
(See Butyl laurate)
BUTYL ETHYL MALONATE

Chemical formula: CHCH2OOCCH2COOCH2
(rf2)2H3
BUTYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Butyl ester

Fruit, apple
Chemical formula: /"-=.

=2(2)2
W c.
Chocolate, cocoa, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.83
2.6
15, 1
15, 1
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
0.13
BUTYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Butyl ester
ISOBUTYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Isobutyl ester

Fruit, plum, liquor, rum
Chemical formula: ^~~^-=2(3)2

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Gelatin desserts .

Currant, raspberry, strawberry, chocolate,
cocoa, cherry, peach, plum, liquor

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
3.4
5.4
5.4
2.0
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
3.2
11
9.1
5
ISOBUTYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: HCOOCH2CH(CH3)2
90

Fruit, liquor
ISOBUTYL FORMATE (cont'd)

Strawberry, fruit, liquor, rum, whisky
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.2
7.1
19
8.2
5
Foods in which used

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods . .
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 0.50
10, 2.4
25, 7
25, 7

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Butyl ester
ISOBUTYL FORMIC ACID

(See Isovaleric acid)
Chemical formula: 3(2)42(2)23
ISOBUTYL 2-FURANPROPIONATE
2- Furanpropionic acid, Isobutyl ester

Butter, butterscotch, pineapple, rum
Chemical formula: |
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
3.9
7.6
10
|
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH2CH2COOCH2CH
(CH3)2
Berry, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
30, 8.1
44, 14
33, 17
33, 21
30, 4
12
20
ISOBUTYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Isobutyl ester
Apple, pineapple
ISOBUTYL FURYLPROPIONATE
(See Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate)
BUTYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Butyl ester
BUTYL j3-HYDROXYBENZOATE
Butyl parasept

Fruit, liquor

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.4
3.9
8.1
8.3
2

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: HO-^

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1, 0.50
10, 2
25, 2
25, 2
^- 2(2)23

None listed

Beverages .
Baked goods
ISOBUTYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Isobutyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,000
10
2-BUTYL-5 (or 6) -KETO-l.4-DIOXANE
Chemical formula: CH (CHJCC00CH0CH(CH,)_

3

o \
Chemical formula:
o-Nc2)3c3
91
2-ISOBUTYL-5-METHYL CYCLOHEXANOL
(See (d)-neo-Menthol)
2-BUTYL-5 (or 6) -KETO-l,4-DIOXANE (cont'd)

Fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Shortening
BUTYL OCTADECANOATE
(See Butyl stearate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
5
5
BUTYL PARASEPT
(See Butyl -hydroxybenzoate)
ISOBUTYLPHENETHYL ALCOHOL
BUTYL LACTATE
Lactic acid, Butyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH2CHOHCH2CH(CH3)2
Chemical formula: CH3CHOHCOOCH2(CH2)2CH3

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Butter, caramel, chocolate, fruit, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.66
2.8
6.5
7.7
BUTYL LAURATE
Dodecanoic acid, Butyl ester
Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
110,
1
38
55
50, 15
50
50

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Liqueurs
Chocolate ....
BUTYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Butyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
^-CH2COOCH2(CH2)2CH3

Butter, caramel, chocolate, rose, fruit,
honey, nut
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3,
0.40
0.60
17
40,
1

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTYL LEVU LINATE

Levulinic acid, Butyl ester
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.
0.50
5,
2.1
15, 4.5
15, 4.6
5
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2CH2COO(CH2)3CH3

ISOBUTYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Isobutyl ester

Butter, fruit, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.20
2.1
4.6
4.6
CH2COOCH2CH(CH3)2

Butter, caramel, chocolate, fruit, honey, nut

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
ISOBUTYL cis-2-METHYL-2-BUTENOATE
(See Isobutyl angelate)
92
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
2.8
5.5
ISOBUTYL PHENYLACETATE (cont'd)

Baked goods
Gelatin and puddings ...
Maraschino cherries ...
BUTYL STEARATE
Octadecanoic acid, Butyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
3

Butter, banana, liquor
BUTYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid. Butyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liqueurs
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH2(CH2)2CH3

Butter, rum butter, fruit, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.0
5.2
25
27

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BUTYL SULFIDE
Chemical formula: (CH3(CH2)2CH2)2S
Floral, violet, fruit
ISOBUTYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Isobutyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH2CH(CH3)2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Strawberry, butter, peach, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.4
4.2
25
35

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.02
1,
0.01
1,
0.03
1,
0.03
BUTYL 10-UNDECENOATE
10-Undecenoic acid, Butyl ester
Chemical formula: CH2=CH(CH2)8COOCH2(CH2)2
CH,
ISOBUTYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Isobutyl ester

Butter, apricot, cognac, nut
Chemical formula: /

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Icing
Liquor
\-COOCH2CH(CH3)2
OH

Fruit, root beer

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2
190
340
330
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.5
1.8
2.6
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.5, 0.90
5,
2
20, 6.6
20, 7.8
60, 0.40
5
5
BUTYL VALERATE
Valeric acid, Butyl ester
Chemical formula: 3(2)2(2)2 CH 3
BUTYL SEBACATE
(See Dibutyl sebacate)

Butter, fruit, chocolate
93
BUTYL VALERATE (cont'd)
BUTYRIC ACID
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
2.6
8
6.8
Chemical formula: CH4(CH9),COOH

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, fruit, nut,
cheese
BUTYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Butyl ester

Apples, butter acids, geranium, rose oil,
grapes, strawberries , wormseed oil
Chemical formula: (CH3)0CHCH0 2(2)23
Pudding and gelatin ....
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm

Chocolate, fruit
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4.6
12
13
15
50
...
26,
6.5
...
...
100,
45,
270,
32
0.19
60
ISOBUTYRIC ACID
BUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOOH
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CHO

Butter, butterscotch, fruit, liquor, rum,
cheese, nut, vanilla, cream soda

Butter, caramel, fruit, liquor, brandy, nut

Bay, bay leaves, parsley family, strawberries

Coffee, strawberries

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Icinps
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.71
4.8
2.9
5.4
0.50
0.25

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Margarine
BUTYRIC ACID, 2-METHYL-2-PROPEN-l-YL

ESTER
(See 2-Methylallyl butyrate)
ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCHO
Berry, butter, caramel, fruit, liquor, wine
BUTYRIC ALDEHYDE
(See Butyraldehyde)

Soy sauce, tea, tobacco, coffee

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
12
41
38
470
30
ISOBUTYRIC ALDEHYDE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30
0.50, 0.25
0.67
1,
0 . 50
5
BUTYRIN
(See (tri-) Butyrin)
94
(tri-) BUTYRIN
Chemical formula: CH_
V\
Chemical formula: CH2OOC(CH2)2CH3
,N-CH,
(2)23
CH3
2(2)23
Cola, root beer

Butter

Coffee, cola, guarana, mat, tea, kola nut
(extract), guarana gum

Butter
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.04
1,000, 0.33
290
50, 2.0
0.36

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Margarine
Puddings

Beverages
CAJEPUTENE
(See d-Limonene)
BUTYROIN
(See 5-Hydroxy-4-octanone)
CAJEPUTOL
(See Eucalyptol)
BUTYRONE
(See 4-Heptanone)
2-CAMPHANOL
(See Borneol)
BUXINE
(See Oi-Amylcinnamaldehyde)
CAMPHENE
BUXINOL
(See a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol)
Chemical formula:
CADINENE

Spice, nutmeg
Chemical formula: CH3

Calamus oil, citronella, ginger, lemon oil,
mandarin oil, myrtle, petitgrain oil, juniper
berries
CH3
CH
CH3 ^^3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

General fixative
Juniper oil, pepper oil

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
120
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4,000
1,200
1,000
- CAMPHOR
Chemical formula:

Mint
CAFFEINE
95
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
90, 40
20
160
27
CAPRYLIC ALDEHYDE
(See Octanal)
d- CAMPHOR (cont'd)
Basil, ho oil, iva herb extract, zedoarybark extract
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Icecream, ices
0.10
Candy
25, 1.1
Baked goods
11
Condiments
20
CARAMEL COLOR
Derivation:
Heating and caramelizing of sugar
Strawberry, butter, butterscotch, caramel,
chocolate, cocoa, cola, fruit, cherry, grape,
birch beer, liquor, rum, brandy, maple,
meat, nut, black walnut, walnut, root beer,
spice, ginger, ginger ale, vanilla, cream
soda
CAPRALDEHYDE
(See Decanal)
CAPRIC ACID
(See Decanoic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,200
590
180
220
2,800
2,100

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Meats
CAPRIC ALDEHYDE
(See Decanal)
CAPRINALDEHYDE
(See Decanal)
CARVACROL
CAPROALDEHYDE
(See Hexanal)
Chemical formula:
CAPROIC ACID
(See Hexanoic acid)
CHo
(3)2
Citrus, fruit, mint, spice
CAPROIC ALDEHYDE
(See Hexanal)

Dittany of Crete oil, organo, lovage oil,
marjoram, origanum oil, savory
CAPRONIC ETHER ABSOLUTE

(See Ethyl hexanoate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
CAPRYL ALCOHOL
(See 1 -Octanol)
CAPRYL ALCOHOL (Secondary)

(See 2-Octanol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
26
34
92
120
37
CARVACRYL ETHYL ETHER

2 - E thoxy-- cymene
CAPRYLALDEHYDE
(See Octanal)
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH
CH.
CH2CH3
CAPRYLIC ACID
(See Octanoic acid)
Spices
CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL
(See 1 -Octanol)
96
CARVACRYL ETHYL ETHER (cont'd)

Liquor, mint, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13, 2
10
21
39, 3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
850
120
180
110
130

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
CARVEOL
OH
Chemical formula:
CARVYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Carvyl ester

Mint, spearmint, spice, caraway
Chemical formula:
OOCCHo

Caraway, grapefruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13, 1.5
3
39, 3
5,
0.03

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Meat
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
11. 1.5
44, 3
20
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CARVOL
(See Carvone)
CARVYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Carvyl ester
4 - ARVOMENTHE NOL
^J^/OOCCH2CH3
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula:
OH

Mint

Citrus, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Cardamom oil, juniper berries

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
21, 1
84, 1
63, 7
7
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2
24, 2
24, 2
I-CARYOPHYLLENE
Chemical formula: Not established
CARVONE

Spice
Chemical formula:

Cloves, black currant buds, yarrow herb,
grapefruit, allspice, black pepper
97
jj- CARYOPHYLLENE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
CHAVICYL METHYL ETHER

(See Estragole)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
14
2
34
27
200
50
CINENE
(See d-Limonene)
CINEOLE
(See Eucalyptol)
CARYOPHYLLENE ACETATE
CINNAMAL
(See Cinnamaldehyde)

General fixative
CINNAMALDEHYDE
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.3
5.6
23
25
85, 160
Chemical formula: /

Cola, apple, cherry, liquor, rum, nut, pecan,
spice, cinnamon, vanilla, cream soda
Cassia-bark extract, cassia oil, cinnamonbark oil, cinnamon- root oil
CARYOPHYLLENE ALCOHOL

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats

Mushroom

Baked goods
Condiments
^ CH=CHCHO
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
27
50
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9
7.7
700
180
4,900
20
60
CE TONE D
(See Methyl -naphthyl ketone)
CINNAMALDEHYDE ETHYLENE GLYCOL

ACETAL
Cinncloval
CETONE V
(See Allyl a-ionone)
Chemical formula: /
\CH=CHCH<^ |

Spice, cassia, cinnamon, clove
a- CETONE
(See Methyl-a- ionone)

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Condiments . . .
j-CETONE
(See M ethyl--ionone)
CETYL ALCOHOL
(See 1-Hexadecanol)
CINNAMEIN
(See Benzyl cinnamate)
CETYLIC ACID
(See Palmitic acid)
98
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.06, 2
2
5
CINNAMIC ACID
Chemical formula: /

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Gelatin desserts
Brandy
^ CH=CHCOOH

Cherry, honey, spice, cassia, cinnamon
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
17
33
720
22
5

Cassia-bark extract, strawberries, vanilla
CINNAMYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Cinnamyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
31
40
30
36
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
H2N
Chemical formula : /~\-:2-^
Cherry, grape, honey, vanilla
CINNAMIC ALCOHOL
(See Cinnamyl alcohol)
CINNAMYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Cinnamyl ester
CINNAMYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Cinnamyl ester
^ CH= 23
Chemical formula:
H H H
I 1
1
:=c-
I
Cr
X)

Berry, apple, apricot, cherry, grape, peach,
pineapple, cinnamon, vanilla
Cassia bark

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.8
1.7
4.3
5.3
28
730, 46

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: /

Butter, caramel, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
6.5
16
11
2
8.7
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
6.5
16
11
2
8.7

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Chewing gum
CINNAMYL ALCOHOL
CINNAMYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Cinnamyl ester
Chemical formula : \-= CHCH0OH

w
Raspberry, strawberry, apricot, peach,
plum, prune, grape, liquor, brandy, nut,
black walnut, spice, cinnamon

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Chemical formula: /
^-CH= CHCH2OOC(CH2)2CH3

Citrus, orange, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.8
8.7
99
CINNAMYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)
CINNAMYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Cinnamyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
8.5
7.6
11
1.2

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chemical formula:
<^~~-='22
CINNAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Cinnamyl ester

Chocolate, honey, spice
Chemical formula: / \-CH:CHCH2OOCCH

\=/ (CH3)2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Strawberry, citrus, apple, banana, grape,
peach, pear, pineapple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
5
7.7
8.5
1.2, 0.02
140
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Toppings
CINNAMYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Cinnamyl ester
Chemical formula: : CHCHOOCCH, 3
Berry, chocolate, apple, currant, grape,
peach, pear, pineapple

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Gelatin desserts .
Chewing gum . . .
CINNAMYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Cinnamyl ester
Chemical formula:
=2=f\-CH=.

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.81
1.5
10
7
Chemical formula:
cc2oocc2c(c3)2

Strawberry, chocolate, apple, apricot, cherry,
grape, maple, nut, spice, peach, pineapple,
plum
CINNAMYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Cinnamyl ester
^CH~cc2ooc

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Banana, cherry, pear, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1
4.
7.
8.
4
2.4
20
53
CINNAMYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Cinnamyl ester

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: /
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
2,
0.25
7.3
7.3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
9.1
6.9
8
0 . 60
100
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.2
2.6
4.1
3.6
11
19
CINNCLOVAL
(See Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal)
CITRAL
Chemical formula:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
60
60
15

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
CITRIC ACID
CHCHO
La
Chemical formula:
Strawberry, lemon, lime, orange, apple,
cherry, grape, spice, ginger, vanilla
C(OH)COOH \ 2
I
2

Grapefruit, orange, peach, ginger, grape
fruit oil, oil of lemon, oil of lime, petitgrain
lemon oil, pimento oil, peels of macrocarpa
bunge

Citrus, fruit
Coffee, peaches, pomegranate bark, citrus
fruits
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
9.2
23
41
43
170

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
CH2COOH

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,500
1,600
4,300
1,200
3,600
CITRAL DIETHYL ACETAL

3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal diethyl acetal
CITRIDIC ACID
(See Aconitic acid)
Chemical formula: <
CH(OCH2CH3)2
CITROFLEX A- 4
(See Tributyl acetylcitrate)

Citrus
CITRONELLAL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.03
2
Chemical formula:
0.13
110

Citrus, lemon, fruit, cherry, spice, ginger. ale
Citronella oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil
CITRAL DIMETHYL ACETAL

3, 7-Dimethyl- 2, 6-octadienal dimethyl acetal
^.
JJ
Chemical formula: f
CH(OCH3)2
I
J
J*^
'
Citrus, lemon, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
11
101
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
1.3
4.5
4.7
0 . 60
0.30
dl- CITRONELLOL*
Commercial Citronellol is largely dl-

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: Major ingredient is Rhodinol

Berry, citrus, cola, fruit, rose, floral
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.8
11
13
11
4.2, 3.1
2.3

Tea
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
CITRONELLYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Citronellyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
4.1
16
18
5.8
52,29
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Isobutyrate

Raspberry, strawberry, floral, rose, grape

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
CITRONELLOXYACETALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: (C10Hjg)OCH2CHO
(See Rhodinol)
Floral, rose, fruit
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 1
1.4
4.1
4.3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
1.7
8.2
12
3.1
CITRONELLYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Citronellyl ester
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Formate
Orange, apple, apricot, peach, plum, honey
CITRONELLYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Citronellyl ester
2, 6-Dimethylocten-(l or 2) -ol- 8- acetate

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Acetate (q. v.)

Lemon, rose, apricot, banana, grape, pear,
raisin

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
14
13
19
32
100, 63
CITRONELLYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Citronellyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
4.2
7.5
9.7
3.7, 0.71
600,
6.9
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Phenylacetate

Butter, caramel, rose, fruit, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Citronellyl ester
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Butyrate
Cola, floral, rose, apple, pineapple, plum,
prune, honey
102
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
0.95
2.4
17
4-CRESOL
(See -Cresol)
CITRONELLYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Citronellyl ester
Major ingredient: Rhodinyl Propionate
o-CRESYL ACETATE
(See o-Tolyl acetate)

Lemon, fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
9
18
19
0.80
-CRESYL ACETATE
(See jj-Tolyl acetate)
-CRESYL ISOBUTYRATE
(See p-Tolyl isobutyrate)
CITRONELLYL VALERATE
Valeric acid, Citronellyl ester
-CRESYL DODECANOATE
(See -Tolyl laurate)
Chemical formula: (101)(2)3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
o-CRESYLIC ACETATE
(See o-Tolyl acetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2.5
3
7.7
g-CRESYLIC ACETATE
(See _g-Tolyl acetate)
COCONUT ALDEHYDE
(See y-Nonalactone)
J3-CRESYL LAURATE
COFFEINE
(See Caffeine)
o-CRESYL METHYL ETHER

(See o-Methylanisole)
CORPS PRALINE
(See Maltol)
ja-CRESYL METHYL ETHER

(See - Methylanisole)
CREOSOL
(See 2-Methoxy-4-methyl phenol)
-CRESYL PHENYLACETATE
(See -Tolylphenylacetate)
- CRESOL
CUMALDEHYDE
(See Cuminaldehyde)
Chemical formula:
CUMINAL
(See Cuminaldehyde)
Nut, vanilla
CUMIN ALCOHOL
(See -Isopropylbenzyl alcohol)

Tea
CUMINALDEHYDE
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.67
1,
0.01
2,
0.01
2,
0.01
Chemical formula: (CH^CH i

Berry, fruit, spice
103

Fruit, honey
CUMINALDEHYDE (cont'd)
Cumin, cassia
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
3
6
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12, 3.1
12, 3.2
15, 4
15, 4
0.50,0.40
3
CYCLOHEXYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Cyclohexyl ester
CUMINIC ALCOHOL
Chemical formula: /
^ OOCCH3

Blackberry, raspberry, apple, banana
CUMINIC ALDEHYDE
(See Cuminaldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
15
100
110

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CUMINOL
(See 2-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol)
CUMINYL ACETALDEHYDE
(See 3-(-Isopropyl) phenyl propionaldehyde)
CYCLOHEXYLACETIC ACID
(See Cyclohexaneacetic acid)
CUMINYL ALCOHOL
CYCLOHEXYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Cyclohexyl ester
CYCLAMAL
(See 2-Methyl-3-(p_-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde)
Chemical formula: /
^-00C^

CYCLAMEN ALDEHYDE
(See 2-Methyl-3-(-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde)
Apple, banana, grape
Chemical formula: ^
^-C^C00H

Butter, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
3.7
3.7
10, 2
1

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
CYCLOHEXANEACETIC ACID
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2
2
2
CYCL0HEXYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Cyclohexyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
^ 00C(CH2)2CH

Strawberry, apple, apricot, banana, peach
CYCLOHEXANEETHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, cyclohexanethyl ester
Cyclohexylethyl acetate
Chemical formula: ^

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
J CH2CH20OCCH3
104
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
5.7
9.2
CYCLOHEXYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)

Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Strawberry, apple
Approx Avg
Maximum ppm
28
0.54

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CYCLOHEXYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Cyclohexyl ester
Chemical formula: /
^ OOCCH=CH ^
CYCLOPENTADECANOLIDE
(See w-Pentadecalactone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
5
10, 4
20, 4
CYCLOTENE
(See Methylcyclopentenolone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
25, 7
9.3
60, 1.7

Apple, apricot, peach, prune
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CYMENE
(See -Cymene)
g-CYMENE
CYCLOHEXYLETHYL ACETATE
(See Cyclohexanethyl acetate)
Chemical formula: CH(CH3)2~^
^ CH3
CYCLOHEXYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Cyclohexyl ester

Citrus, spice
Chemical formula: /

Anise star, coriander, cumin, mace oil, oil
of mandarin, origanum oil
^ OOCH

Cherry
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
2.8
8
7,
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
5.3
10
7
250
10, 130
CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Cyclohexyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
- YMEN- 7- ARBOX ALDEHYDE

(See -Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde)
^ 23

Fruit
-CYMEN-7-OL
(See ja-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
2.7
3,
2
3
5

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
2--CYMENOL
(See Carvacrol)
3--CYMENOL
(See Thymol)
CYCLOHEXYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Cyclohexyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
CYMOL
(See j>-Cymene)
^ 2(3)2
105
DECANAL DIMETHYL ACETAL

1 , 1-Dimethoxydecane
CYMOPHENOL
(See Carvacrol)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)8CH(OCH3)2

2-DECALACTONE
4-Hydroxydecanoic acid, y-Lactone

Citrus, liquor, brandy, cognac
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Citrus, orange, coconut, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
4.5
5.7
7.1
0.08, 8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
2
2
8
8
3
8
DECANOIC ACID
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)8COOH
Butter, coconut, fruit, liquor, whisky,
cheese
6-DECALACTONE
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4CHCH2CH2CH2
CO

Anise, butter acids, oil of lemon, oil of
lime

Coconut, fruit
Butter, cream, milk

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Toppings

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatins and puddings . . .
Shortening
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
5
10
5,
0.25
8,
0.25
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.9
3.1
4.5
7.8
0.10, 3
5
1-DECANOL
DECANAL
Chemical formula: CHj (CHICHO

Butter, lemon, orange, coconut, fruit

Berry, citrus, lemon, orange, fruit, honey

Sweet orange, ambrette seed

Oranges, sweet orange peel, sweet-mandarin
oil, grapefruit oil, orris, coriander

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
4.1
5.7
6.6
3
0 . 60
DECANYL ACETATE
(See Decyl acetate)
106
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.1
4.6
5.2
5.2
3
DECYLIC ACID
(See Decanoic acid)
2- DECENAL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCHO
DECYLIC ALCOHOL
(See 1 -Decanol)

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
6
9
9
DECYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Decyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)8CH2OOCCH2CH3
Citrus, fruit
DECENALDEHYDE
(See 2-Decenal)
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
DECYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Decyl ester
Decanol acetate
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.81
1.4
5.9
7.5
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)8CH2OOCCH3

DELPHINIC ACID

Berry, orange, apple, peach, plum, honey

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
2.7
6.1
10
1.2
12
DIACETYL
Chemical formula: 33
Blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, butter,
buttermilk, butterscotch, caramel, chocolate,
coffee, fruit, cheese, cherry, liquor, rum,
wine, nut, almond, spice, ginger ale, vanilla,
cream soda
DECYL ALCOHOL
(See l- Decanol)

Cheese, cocoa, coffee, pears, raspberries,
strawberries, angelica root oil, coffee extract,
cooked chicken
ISODECYLALDEHYDE
(See 2, 6- Dimethyl octanal)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Shortening
DECYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Decyl ester
Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.18
1.4
5.9
7.5
DIALLYL DISULFIDE
(See Allyl disulfide)
DIALLYL SULFIDE
(See Allyl sulfide)
107
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5
5.9
21
44
19
35
11
DIASMOL
(See 1 , 3-Nonanediol acetate (mixed esters))
DIBUTYL SULFIDE
(See Butyl sulfide)
DIBENZYL ETHER
DIETHYL MALATE
Malic acid, Diethyl ester
Chemical formula: ^^-CH2OCH2^ ^

-TN
Chemical formula: g2(O)2
23

Fruit, spice

Apple, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.3
5.6
23
25
85, 160

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.5
6.5
18
44
1.5
DIBENZYL KETONE
(See 1 ,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone)
DIETHYL MALONATE
Ethyl malonate , Malonic ester
4,4-DIBUTYL-2-BUTYROLACTONE
4, 4-Dibutyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid, y- Lactone
Chemical formula
Chemical formula:
PH2^CH2^2CH3
COOCH2CH
2/
23
CH2(CH2)2CH3
Butter, coconut, nut

Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, fruit, apple, grape, peach, pear
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8, 3.5
4.4, 15
15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
4,4-DIBUTYL-4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID,
^LACTONE
(See 4, 4-Dibutyl-y-butyrolactone)
DIETHYL SEBACATE
Sebacic acid, Diethyl ester
DIBUTYL SEBACATE
Sebacic acid, Dibutyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH2OOC(CH2)8COOCH2CH3

Butter, coconut, apple, melon, peach, nut

COOCH2(CH2)2CH3
Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.6
17
20
19
20

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
1
5,
2
15
15
108
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
9.1
21
41
19, 3.2
450, 2.7
DIETHYL SUCCINATE
Succinic acid, Diethyl ester
OOCCH,
Chemical formula
Chemical formula: CH3CH2OCOCH2CH2

COOCH2CH3
Berry, fruit, mint, spice

Raspberry, butter, orange, grape

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.3
11
38
45

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
DIETHYL TARTRATE
Tartaric acid, Diethyl ester
DIHYDROCOUMARIN
Hydrocoumarin
1 , 2-Benzodihydropyrone
Chemical formula: CH3CHgOOCCHOHCHOHCOO

CH2CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
50
Ice cream, ices
200
Candy
200
Baked goods
200
Chemical formula:

Butter, caramel, coconut, floral, fruit,
cherry, liquor, rum, nut, root beer, spice,
cinnamon, vanilla, cream soda, tonka
DIHYDROANETHOLE
(See - Propyl anisole)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
DIHYDROCARVEOL
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
21
44
28
10
78
2,3-DIKETOBUTANE
(See Diacetyl)

Liquor, mint, spice, caraway
1,2-DIMETHOXY-4-ALLYLBENZENE

Pepper (black)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
2
20
22
22
10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
84
300
250, 10
250, 10
500
1, 1-DIMETHOXY-2-AMYL-3-PHENYL-2-PROPENE
(See f-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal)
m-DIMETHOXYBENZENE
Resorcinol dimethyl ether
1,3- Dimethoxybenzene
Dimethyl resorcinol
DIHYDROCARVYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Dihydrocarvyl ester
-Meth- 8-(9)-en-2-ol-acetate
Methyl- 4 - isopropenyl- cyclohexan- 2 - ol- acetate
Chemical formula:
109
m - DIMETHOXYBENZENE (cont'd)
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueur

Fruit, nut, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
5
5
8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
2.7
1
DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE
(See Methyl N-methylanthranilate)
a,a-DIMETHYLBENZYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, a, a-Dimethylbenzyl ester
_B- DIMETHOXYBENZENE
Chemical formula: CH3O-^
^-OCH3
Chemical formula:

Raspberry, fruit, nut, hazelnut, root beer,
vanilla

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.1
5
4.7
5.8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
(3)2()2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
1 , 3-DIMETHOXYBENZENE
(See m-Dimethoxybenzene)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
40
30
20
DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINOL

(See a,a-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol)
3 , 4- DIMETHOXYBENZENECARBONAL
(See Veratraldehyde)
DIMETHYLCARBINOL
(See Isopropyl alcohol)
1, 1-DIMETHOXYDECANE
(See Decanal dimethyl acetal)
DIMETHYL ETHER PROTOCATECHUALDEHYDE

1, 1-DIMETHOXYOCTANE
(See Octanal dimethyl acetal)
DIMETHYLGLYOXAL
(See Diacetyl)
C-8 DIMETHYLACETAL
(See Octanal dimethyl acetal)
2, 6-DIMETHYL-5-HEPTENAL
Chemical formula: (CH3)2C=CH(CH2)2CH(CH3)CHC
2 , 4- DIMETHYLACETOPHENONE
Fruit
Chemical formula:
CH~3
^4
CH3-\=/-COCH3

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Grape, vanilla, cream soda

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.78
0.77
DIMETHYL HYDROQUINONE
(See -Dimethoxybenzene)
110
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppir.
2.8
1.7
8.4
19
10, 0.02
0 . 80
3, 7-DIMETHYL-7-HYDROXYOCTANAL
(See Hydroxycitronellal)

Candy . . .
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
1.9
DIMETHYLKETOL
(See Aceto in)
3 , 7-DIMETHYL- 1 -OCTANOL
Chemical formula: (^(^g)
22
DIMETHYL KETONE
(See Diacetyl)

Floral, rose, fruit
2,2-DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENENORBORNANE
(See Camphene)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3 , 7-DIMETHYL-2, 6-OCTADIENAL
(See Citral)
3, 7- DIMETHYL- 2, 6-OCTADIENAL DIETHYL

ACETAL
(See Citral diethyl acetal)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.3
44, 2
15
19
3 , 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTENAL
(See Citronellal)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 2, 6-OCTADIENAL DIMETHYL

ACETAL
(See Citral dimethyl acetal)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-OL
(See Rhodinol, dl-Citronellol)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 1 , 6-OCTADIEN-3 -OL

(See Linalo'l)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 7-OCTEN-l-OL
3_/7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL ACETATE

(See Citronellyl acetate)
cis-3 . 7-DIMETHYL- 2, 6-OCTADIEN-l -OL

(See Ne rol)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL BUTYRATE

(See Citronellyl butyrate)
trans-3 . 7-DIMETHYL-2, 6-OCTADIEN- 1-OL

(See Geraniol)
3 , 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL ISOBUTYRATE

(See Citronellyl isobutyrate)
3 , 7- DIMETHYL- 1 , 7-OCTANEDIOL
(See Hydroxycitronellol)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL FORMATE

(See Citronellyl formate)
3, 7-DIMETHYLOCTAN-3-OL
(See Tetrahydrolinalool)
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL PHENYLACETATE

(See Citronellyl phenylacetate)
2,6-DIMETHYL OCTANAL
Chemical formula: C^C^CH(CH3MC^^CH
(CH3)CHO
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL PROPIONATE

(See Citronellyl propionate)

Melon

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
3, 7-DIMETHYL- 6-OCTEN-l-YL VALERATE

(See Citronellyl valerate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.44
3.2
6, 10-DIMETHYL-3-OXA-9-UNDECENAL
(See Citronelloxyacetaldehyde)
111
g,a-DIMETHYLPHENETHYL FORMATE
Formic acid, ot, 0t-Dimethylphenethyl ester
a,a-DIMETHYLPHENETHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, a,a-Dimethylphenethyl ester
Benzyldimethyl carbinyl acetate
Benzylpropyl acetate
Chemical formula
Chemical formula: (C1QH13)OOCH
o 2(3)2

Spice

Cherry, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
8
22
19
2.9

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
DIMETHYL RESORCINOL
(See m-Dimethoxybenzene)
a,a-DIMETHYLPHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula: /
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
10
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
DIMETHYL SUCCINATE
Succinic acid, Dimethyl ester
V- 2(3)2
Chemical formula: CH3OOCCH2CH2COOCH3

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Jellies
Gelatin desserts

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
3.2
4
5
100
3.2
0.01
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
100
5
15
15
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
DIMETHYL SULFIDE
(See Methyl sulfide)
a,g-DIMETHYLPHENETHYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, a,a-Dimethylphenethyl ester
Chemical formula: (C10H13)OOC(CH2)2CH3
6,10-DIMETHYL-9-UNDECEN-2-ONE
(See Tetrahydro-pseudo-ionone)

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings and gelatins ...
DIOXYMETHYLENE PROTOCATECHUIC
ALDEHYDE
(See Piperonal)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
20
20
DIPENTENE
(See d-Limonene)
20
DIPHENYL KETONE
(See Benzophenone)
DIMETHYL PHENETHYL CARBINYL ACETATE

(See 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate)
1,3- DIPHENYL- 2 - PROPANONE

DIMETHYL PHENETHYL CARBINYL ISOBUTYRATE
(See 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate)
Chemical formula: ^
112
^ CH2COCH2/
1,3- DIPHENYL- 2 - P ROPANONE (cont'd)

Butter, cream, milk

Fruit, honey, nut
Candy
Baked goods
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
4.5
9.5
13

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.06
0.06
10
DODECANAL
DIPROPYL DISULFIDE
Propyl disulfide
DODECANOIC ACID
(See Lauric acid)
Chemical formula: CH3CH2-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH2CH3

Onion imitation
1- DODECANOL

Onion
DODECANYL ACETATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.6
5
3

Pickle products
Baked goods
Others
2- DODECENAL
DIPROPYL KETONE
(See 4-Heptanone)

Citrus
Orange
3- DODECALACTONE
4- Hydroxydodecanoic acid, y- Lactone
- Oc tyl-y- butyro lac tone

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)7 /ÔÔ

Butter, butterscotch, coconut, fruit, maple,
nut
DODECOIC ACID
(See Lauric acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
4.3
13
11
0.15
0.01

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Jellies
DODECYL ACETATE
DODECYL ALCOHOL
A'-DODECALACTONE
DRACYLIC ACID
(See Benzoic acid)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)6CHCH2CH2CH2
c=o
ENANTHAL
(See Heptanal)

Butter, fruit, pear
113
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.8
ENANTHALDEHYDE
(See Heptanal)
6-ETHOXY-m-ANOL
(See Propenyl guaethol)
ENANTHIC ALCOHOL
jj-ETHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2O^
ENANTHYL ALCOHOL

Fruit, vanilla
ENZACTIN
(See (tri-) Acetin)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
1 , 8-EPOXY-.B-MENTHANE
(See Eucalyptol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08, 0.06
0.50, 0.36
1,
1
1,
1
2-ETHOXY--CYMENE
(See Carvacryl ethyl ether)
EQUISETIC ACID
(See Aconitic acid)
3-ETHOXY-4-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE
(See Ethyl vanillin)
ESDRAGOL
(See Estragole)
l-ETHOXY-2-HYDROXY-4-PROPENYLBENZENE
(See Propenyl quaethol)
ESTRAGOLE
CH,
Chemical formula: CH=CHCH.
2-ETHOXYNAPHTHALENE
(See -Naphthyl ethyl ether)

Fruit, licorice, anise, spice
Anise and anise star, basil, estragon oil,
pimento oil

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
^-CHO
2-ETHOXY-5-PROPENYLANISOLE
(See Isoeugenyl ethyl ether)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
11
36
41
150
2
ETHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Ethyl ester
Blackberry, raspberry, strawberry, butter,
lemon, apple, banana, cherry, grape, peach,
pineapple, brandy, muscatel, rum, whisky,
mint, almond, cream soda
ETHANAL
(See Acetaldehyde)

Apple, banana, grape juice (concord), grapes,
pineapple, raspberries, strawberries
ETHANOIC ACID
(See Acetic acid)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liquor
ETHONE
(See l-(-Methoxyphenyl)-l-penten-3-one)
ETHOVAN
114
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
67
99
170
170
1,400
200
65, 50
ETHYLACETIC ACID
(See Butyric acid)

Fruit, liquor, rum
Beet root, sugar cane
ETHYL ACETOACETATE
Acetoacetic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2COOCH2CH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Loganberry, strawberry, apple, apricot,
cherry, peach, liquor, muscatel
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.6
12
55
66
2.5

Strawberries

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Gelatin desserts
ETHYL ACRYLATE
Acrylic acid, Ethyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1?
24
110
120
530
93
Chemical formula: CH=CHCOOCH2CH3

Fruit, liquor, rum
Pineapples, raspberries
ETHYL ACETONE
(See 2-Pentanone)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
ETHYL a-ACETYLHYDROCINNAMATE
(See Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate)
ETHYL 2-ACETYL-3-PHENYLPROPIONATE
2 -Acetyl- 3-phenylpropionic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.26, 0.13
0.53
1.1
1.1
0.10, 0.10
ETHYL AMYL KETONE

(See 3-Octanone)
COCH
ETHYL ^-ANISATE
-Anisic acid, Ethyl ester
HoCH
23
Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy

Berry, fruit, grape, licorice, anise, liquor,
rum, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
0.10
2
7

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL ACONITATE
Aconitic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CHoCOO
CCOO
II
CHCOO
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
0.96
8.8
7.2
ETHYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Ethyl ester
X CH9CH4
2
3
Chemical formula: /~~\2

\=-NH<;
h
115
Chemical formula:
ETHYL ANTHRANILATE (cont'd)
CH2CH3

Berry, mandarin, orange, floral, jasmine,
neroli, fruit, grape, peach, raisin
(2)23
Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.9
4.7
19
23
14
79

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.13
0.20, 0.12
1
0.14

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL BENZENECARBOXYLATE
(See Ethyl benzoate)
2-ETHYL BUTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 2-Ethyl butyl ester
ETHYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3CH2)2CHCH2OOCCH3

Chemical formula: /
^COOCH2CH3
Fruit

Currant, raspberry, strawberry, fruit,
cherry, grape, liquor, nut, walnut, vanilla
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.6
2.8
9
10
0.06
59
0.50

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
2
7,
0.03

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
2-ETHYL-3-BUTYLACROLEIN
(See 2-Ethyl-2-heptenal)
ETHYL BUTYL KETONE

(See 3-Heptanone)
ETHYL BENZOYLACETATE
Benzoylacetic acid, Ethyl ester
2-ETHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: /
^ 223
Chemical formula:

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH3CH2
32
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.70
5
10
10

Chocolate

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL BENZYL ACETOACETATE

(See Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
40
25, 0.12
20, 0.20
ETHYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Ethyl ester
Q-ETHYL BENZYL BUTYRATE

Butyric acid, a-Ethylbenzyl ester
116
ETHYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)
ETHYL CARVACROL
(See Carvacryl ethyl ether)

caramel, cream, orange, banana, cherry,
grape, peach, pineapple, rum, walnut, egg
ng
ETHYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: ^

Apples, strawberries
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
^ CH:CHCCOCH2CH3

Raspberry, strawberry, cherry, grape, peach,
plum, spice, cinnamon, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
28
44
98
93
54
1,400
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
8.8
9.5
12
2.4
11

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: (3)22
ETHYL CITRATE
(See Triethyl citrate)

Strawberry, fruit, cherry, butter

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Topping
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
25
73
200
6.0
1.5
ETHYL CYCLOHEXANEFROPIONATE
Cyclohexanepropionic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
^- CH2CH2COOCH2CH3

Pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
S-ETHYLBUTYRIC ACID
(See Ethylbutyric acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9
30,
24
0.03
2-ETHYLBUTYRIC ACID
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CHCOOH
I
ETHYL CYCLOHEXYLPROPIONATE
(See Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate)

Fruit, nut, walnut
ETHYL DECANOATE
Decanoic acid, Ethyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
20
35, 20
20

Strawberry, cherry, grape, pineapple, liquor,
brandy, cognac, rum
Cognac (green oil), cognac (white oil)
ETHYL BUTYROLACTONE
(See y-Hexalactone)
117
ETHYL DECANOATE (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.1
4.5
8.3
23
5.3
10, 3.0

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Liqueurs

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
1.6
5.6
7.5
ETHYL FURFURYLHYDRACRYLATE
(See Ethyl 2-furanpropionate)
ETHYL DODECANOATE
(See Ethyl laurate)
2-ETHYL-3-FURYLACROLEIN
(See 2- Furfurylidene butyraldehyde)
trans- 1 . 2-ETHYLENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
(See Fumaric acid)
ETHYL FURYLPROPIONATE
(See Ethyl 2-furanpropionate)
ETHYL ISOEUGENOL
(See Isoeugenyl)
4-ETHYLGUAIACOL
ETHYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: Hg Hg^
V- OH
Chemical formula:
HCOOCH2CHg
Coffee, fruit

butterscotch, apple, apricot, banana, cherry,
grape, peach, plum, pineapple, tutti fruiti,
brandy, rum, sherry, whisky

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Gelatin desserts

Apples, coffee extract

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.4
21
50
98
10
11, 0.35
430
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05
1.1
0.23
ETHYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5COOCH2CH3
Blueberry, strawberry, butter, butterscotch,
coconut, apple, cherry, grape, melon, peach,
pineapple, plum, vanilla, cheese, nut, rum,
brandy, cognac
Approx. Avg
Maximum
Beverages
6.8
Icecream, ices
7.5
Candy
17
Baked goods
24
350, 0.06
Chewing gum
340
Liqueurs
20, 8.5
ETHYLFORMIC ACID
(See Propionic acid)
ETHYL 2-FURANPROPIONATE
2-Furanpropionic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: [~1

2c2cooc2c3
2-ETHYL-2-HEPTENAL
Raspberry, apple, cherry, pineapple
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)3CH=C(CH2CH3)CH0

Pineapple
118
2-ETHYL-2-HEPTENAL (cont'd)

Beverages
Candy . .

Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Sirup
Brandy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.40
2,
0.03
ETHYL HEXADECANOATE
(See Ethyl palmitate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.3
3, 100, 580
35
1,000
ETHYL LAURATE
Dodecanoic acid, Ethyl ester
ETHYL 2,4-HEXADIENOATE
(See Ethyl sorbate)
ETHYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Ethyl ester

Berry, coconut, fruit, grape, liquor, cognac,
rum, nut, spice, nutmeg, cheese

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liqueurs

Fruit, rum, nut, cheese
Apples, pineapple, strawberries

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jelly
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.0
18
12
12
10
32
1.3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
3.7
17
17
4.4
39
3
ETHYL LEVULINATE
Levulinic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CO(CH2)2COOCH2CH3
Apple
2-ETHYL HEXYL ACETATE

(See Octyl acetate)
ETHYL HYDROCINNAMATE
(See Ethyl 2-phenylpropionate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL Oj-HYDROXYPROPIONATE
(See Ethyl lactate)
ETHYL MALATE
(See Diethyl malate)
ETHYL LACTATE
Lactic acid, Ethyl ester
4 - E THYL- 2 - M E THOXYPHE NO L
(See 4-Ethylguaiacol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.8
11
12
12
Chemical formula: CH3CH(OH)COOCH2CH3

ETHYL trans-2-METHYL-2-BUTENOATE
(See Ethyl tiglate)

Strawberry, butter, butterscotch, coconut,
grape, rum, maple, cheese, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL j-METHYLBUTYRATE
(See Ethyl isovalerate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.4
17
28
52
119
ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE
ETHYL NITRITE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CHCOOC2H5
Chemical formula: CHgCHgONO
CHg

Strawberry, cherry, pineapple, liquor,
brandy, rum

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
3
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Sirup
Icings
ETHYL METHYL PHENYLGLYCIDATE

Ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate
Strawberry aldehyde
Aldehyde C-l6 pure (so-called)
Chemical formula: ^
ETHYL NONANOATE
Nonanoic acid, Ethyl ester
/\
^-C(CH3)CHCOOCH2CH3

Berry, loganberry, raspberry, strawberry,
coconut, fruit, cherry, grape, pineapple,
liquor, wine

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
4.5
8.
0.10
0.10
3.9
52
13

Fruit, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.6
6.7
21
21
13
470

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
Liqueurs
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
4
14
15
15
580
39
20
ETHYL 3-METHYL-3-PHENYLGLYCIDATE
ETHYL 2-NONYNOATE
Ethyl octyne carbonate
ETHYL MYRISTATE
Tetradecanoic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5C:CCOOCH2CH3

Berry, fruit, melon

Coconut, fruit, honey, cognac

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.7
8
10
14
30
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.56
0.55
0.52
1.2
ETHYL OCTANOATE
Octano ic acid, Ethyl ester
ETHYL 2-NAPHTHYL ETHER

(See ^-Naphthyl ethyl ether)
120
ETHYL TA NOA TE (cont'd)
ETHYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Ethyl ester

Strawberry, butter, citrus, apple, pineapple,
rum, nut, cheese
Chemical formula: /

Butter, honey, apricot, cherry

Cognac (green oil), cognac (white oil)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
^-CH2COOCH2CH3
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
2.4
9
11
2.7, 0.10
4,
60
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
5.2
8.1
6
24

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
ETHYL PHENYLACRYLATE
(See Ethyl cinnamate)
ETHYL OCTYNE CARBONATE

(See Ethyl 2-nonynoate)
ETHYL OLEATE
Oleic acid, Ethyl ester
ETHYL 4-PHENYLBUTYRATE
4-Phenylbutyric acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7

23
Chemical formula: ^^CH2(CH2^COOCH2CH3

Fruit

Butter, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.10
0.10, 40
0.10, 55
0.10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
0.06
0.06

Beverages
Candy . .
ETHYL 3-PHENYLGLYCIDATE
Chemical formula
ETHYL 3-OXOBUTANOATE
(See Ethyl acetoacetate)
CHCHCOOCH c3

Berry, strawberry, fruit, cherry
ETHYL OXYHYDRATE
(See Rum ether)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
ETHYL PALMITATE
Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.6
12
18
20
10, 70

Butter, rum

Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL 3-PHENYLPROPENOATE
(See Ethyl cinnamate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
40
20
ETHYL 3-PHENYLPROPIONATE
3-Phenylpropionic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula:
121
CH2CH2COOCH2CH3

Raspberries, strawberries
ETHYL 3-PHENYLPROPIONATE (cont'd)

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
1
2.5
0.50, 3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
11
10
16
0.04
16
ETHYL l-PROPENE-1,2,3-TRICARBOXYLATE
(See Ethyl aconitate)
ETHYL SEBACATE
(See Diethyl sebacate)
ETHYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Ethyl ester
ETHYL SORBATE
Sorbic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CHCH= CHCOOCH2CHg

Butter, fruit, rum

Fruit

Apples
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.7
29
78
110
15, 10
1, 100

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.5
14
15
18
ETHYL TETRADECANOATE
(See Ethyl myristate)
ETHYL PYRUVATE
Pyruvic acid, Ethyl ester
ETHYL TIGLATE
Tiglic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COCOOCH2CH3

Chemical formula: CH3CH=C(CH3)COOCH2CH3
Chocolate, fruit, rum, maple, spice

Raspberry, strawberry, pineapple, rum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
50
20, 150
35
40

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ETHYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula: /
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.3
6.0
20
6.5
ETHYL 10-UNDECENOATE
10-Undecylenic acid, Ethyl ester
V- COOCH2CH3
Chemical formula: H2C=CH(CH2 )8COOCH2CH3

Coconut, fruit, cognac, nut

Fruit, root beer, sassafras, wintergreen
122
ETHYL 10-UNDECENOATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chocolate
Imitation vanilla extract . .
Liquor
Icings and toppings ....
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
8.7
10
11
5

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
ETHYL VALERATE
Valeric acid, Ethyl ester
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
44
65
58
74
110
250
28,000
100
200, 140
CH3(CH2)3COOCH2CH3
EUCALYPTOL

Butter, apple, apricot, peach, nut
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
4.4
15
8.3
5.5
260

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Mint
Allspice, star anise, basil, bay and bayleaves extract, cajaput oil, calamus and
calamus oil, caraway, laurel-leaves oil,
peppermint oil, pimento oil
ETHYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Ethyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Fruit, rum, cheese, nut
Pineapple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.9
7.5
29
27
5
430, 80

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy . .'
Baked goods
Gelatin dessert
Chewing gum
EUGENOL
^
Chemical formula: 2~2 f
7OH
"
><

Fruit, nut, spice
Allspice, basil, bay and bay leaves, calamus
and calamus oil, pimento oil, laurel- leaves
oil
ETHYL VANILLIN
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13
0.50
15
4,
0.50
190
Ho~^-3~cH
32

caramel, rum butter, chocolate, cocoa, citrus,
coconut, macaroon, cola, fruit, cherry, grape,
honey, liquor, muscatel, rum, maple, nut,
pecan, root beer, vanilla, cream soda
123

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Meats
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
3.1
32
33
0.60
500
2,000, 40
100, 9.6
EUGENYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Eugenyl ester
ISOEUGENOL
Chemical formula: CH^CH=-/
Vo
Chemical formula:
3
c2=cc2-^~Vooc <^

Fruit, mint, spice, cinnamon, clove
OCH,

Mace oil

Fruit, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
3.8
5
11
1,000, 0.30
1

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13, 0.03
2,
0.25
10, 0.25
10, 0.13

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOEUGENYL ETHYL ETHER
2-Ethoxy-5-propenylanisole
EUGENYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Eugenyl ester
Acetyl eugenol
Chemical formula: CH3CH20f
\-CH=CHCH;
CH3v
Chemical formula: CH2=CHCH2
OOCCH-

Fruit, vanilla
OCHo
4
Berry, fruit, mint, spice, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.43
3.3
20
10
100, 25
2

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
0.50
17
3.5, 1
EUGENYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Eugenyl ester
Chemical formula: CH^CHCH-*-/
\-OOCH
H3
ISOEUGENYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Isoeugenyl ester
Acetyl isoeugenyl
Methoxy-4-acetoxypropenyl benzene

Spice
Chemical formula: 3-/~^-=3

Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
3
Berry, fruit, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
ISOEUGENYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Isoeugenyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.44
2.1
17
17
100
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CH^
^ OOCH
OCH

Spice
124
ISOEUGENYL FORMATE (cont'd)

Condiments

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05
0.2
3
3,
2
EUGENYL METHYL ETHER

4 - Allylve ratrole
Chemical formula: CH2=CHCH.
EXALTO LIDE
OCH
.,
Raspberry, strawberry, fruit, spice, clove,
ginger

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Jellies
FARNESOL
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
4.8
11
13
52
CH3C=CHCH2CH2C=CHCH2CH2=CHCH2OH
|
|
|
^^3
^^3
^^3
Berry, apricot, banana, cherry, melon, peach,
citrus, fruit, raspberry, strawberry
Ambrette seed, star anise, cassie (absolute),
linden flowers, oil of musk seed
ISOEUGENYL METHYL ETHER

4- Propenylve ratrole
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CH
fx OCH,
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
HQ
Raspberry, strawberry, cherry, clove
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.76
0.40
1.4
1.7
0.10

Oil of cymbopogon javanensis

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
2-FENCHANOL
(See Fenchyl alcohol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
7.7
13
18
0.10
110
FENCHOL
d- FENCHONE
Chemical formula:
ISOEUGENYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Isoeugenyl ester
Berry, liquor, spice
Chemical formula:
3=/~~V-ooccHrii~\
' w
OCH3

Common fennel

Fruit, honey, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
125
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13, 0.80
0.25
0.25, 30
0.25
5
2- FURANCARBINOL
(See Furfuryl alcohol)
FENCHYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula:
^C-OH
2-FURANMETHANETHIOL
(See Furfuryl mercaptan)

Berry, lime, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
FURFURAL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
0.25
4.7
0.25
Chemical formula:
CHO
Butter, butterscotch, caramel, coffee, fruit,
brandy, rum, rye, molasses, nut, cassia
FORMIC ACID

Angelica- root oil, apples, coffee, peaches,
skim milk (heated), oil of lime, oil of
lavandin, oil of lavender
Chemical formula: HCOOH

Fruit
Apples, mace oil, peaches, raspberries,
strawberries, tobacco leaves, valerian- root
extract

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin dessert
Sirups
Spirits
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
5
18, 5
6.1, 5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
13
12
17
0 . 80
30
10
FURFURALACETONE
(See 4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-2-one)
FORMIC ETHER
(See Ethyl formate)
FURFURALCOHOL
FUMARIC ACID
Chemical formula: HOOCCH=CHCOOH (trans)
FURFURYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Furfuryl ester

Apple, peach, vanilla
Chemical formula
: OL
^"^23

Beverages
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
50
1,300
3,600

Raspberry, fruit, spice, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
2-FURALDEHYDE
(See Furfural)
2- FURANACROLEIN
(See Furyl acrolein)
126
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
17
37
1,
40
500
FURFURYL ALCOHOL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2.1
0.10
0 . 50

Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Icings
Chemical formula:
2
brandy
FURYL ACETONE
(See (2- Fury1) propanone)

Coffee, cognac oil
FURYL ACROLEIN
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
19
88
59
110
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Spirits
Chemical formula:
or NCH=CHCHO
Coffee, fruit, cassia, cinnamon
FURFURYLIDENE ACETONE
(See 4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-2-one)
2- FURFURYLIDENE BUTYRALDEHYDE
2- thyl-3 - fu rylac role in
Chemical formula:
2c3
4-(2-FURYL)-3-BUTEN-2-ONE
Furfurylidene acetone
Furfuralacetone
"\c=
Fruit, liquor, rum, nut, spice
Chemical formula:
Ol
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 50
0.50, 3
2,
6
2,
6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.17
6.1
36
21
0.10, 0.56

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CHCOCH,

Nut, almond, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
4.8
33
46
1.6

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
FURFURYL MERCAPTAN
2 - Furanmethanethiol
Chemical formula
c2s
a- FURYLCARBINOL

Chocolate, coffee, fruit, nut
2- FURYLCARBINOL

Coffee

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.52
0.78
(2-FURYL)-2-PROPANONE
Chemical formula:
n
CH2COCH3
127
( 2 - FU RYL) - 2 - PROPAONE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Toppings

Fruit
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
3.8, 20
2.0, 20
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.1
3.3
10
2
0.80, 2.9
1
FUSEL, OIL, REFINED

GERANYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Geranyl ester
Major ingredient: Amyl alcohol

Grape, brandy, cordials, rum, rye, scotch,
whisky, wine
Chemical formula:^ CHpOCCHg

Cognac oil

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liquors
CH2OOCCH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
21
4.1
30
34
270
4
2.5

Berry, lemon, orange, floral, apple, grape,
peach, pear, honey, spice, ginger ale
Oil of lavender, oil of lemon
GARDENOL
(See a-Methylbenzyl acetate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Sirup
GERANIAL
(See Citral)
GERANYL ACETOACETATE
Acetoacetic acid, Geranyl ester
GALLOTANNIC ACID
(See Tannic acid)
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6"
6.5
15
17
7.5, 6.8
0.30, 1.2
1
Chemical formula: (C1()H17)OOCCH2COCH3

GERANIOL
Fruit
Chemical formula:
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, lemon, rose, apple, cherry, peach,
honey, root beer, cassia, cinnamon, ginger
ale, nutmeg
GERANYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Geranyl ester

Apples, bay leaves, cherries coriander,
grapefruit, oranges, tea, ginger, mace oil,
oil of lavandin, oil of lavender, oil of lemon,
oil of lime, oil of mandarin, petitgrain oil
Chemical formula: (C.H.)OOC

Floral, fruit
128
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 50
1
1,
3
1,
10
GERANYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Geranyl ester
GERANYL BENZOATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 0.13
0.16, 0.25
0.50
0.50
Chemical formula: (CjqH17)OOC(CH2)4CH3

Citrus, pineapple
GERANYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Geranyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH2CH2CH3

Berry, citrus, fruit, apple, cherry, pear,
pineapple
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
0.90
3.2
2
GERANYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Geranyl ester

Oil of lavender
Chemical formula: (C1()H19)OOCCH2/

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
2.8
10
10
5.3
0.30, 1.5

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
GERANYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Geranyl ester
Chemical formula: (C1Q Hj 7)OOCCH(CH3)2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
3.1
6.7
4.7
11
GERANYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Geranyl ester

Floral, rose, apple, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH2CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
0.80
5
4.9
0.60
15

Berry, geranium, apple, pear, pineapple,
honey
Oil of lavender

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
GERANYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Geranyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
1.3
3.7
4.9
3
30, 70

Berry, citrus, apple, apricot, peach

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
GERANYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Geranyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
1.6
7.5
4.1
3.4
0.80
Chemical formula: (C^Hj 7)OOCCH2CH(CH3>2

Berry, lime, apple, peach, pineapple
129
GUAIACYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Guaiacyl ester
GERANYL ISOVALERATE (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
11
10
6.8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula::ÔOCCH2^3
1
CH,
Berry, coffee, honey, tobacco, smoke
GLUCOSE PENTAACETATE
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Topping
Chemical formula: C6H706(OOCCH3)5

Bitters
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
1, 500

Beverages
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.38
1
2.2
3.2
1
GUAIYL ACETATE
Guaiac wood acetate, Acetic acid, Guaiyl ester
GLYCERYL TRIACETATE
(See (tri-) Acetin)

GLYCERYL TRIBUTYRATE
(See (tri-) Butyrin

Tobacco, fruit
GUAIACOL
Chemical formula: /

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
\ OH
ÔCH3

Coffee, fruit, rum, tobacco, smoke, vanilla
Celery seed, coffee
GUARANINE
(See Caffeine)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.95
0.52
0 . 96
0.75

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
HELIOTROPINE
(See Piperonal)
HELIOTROPYL ACETATE
(See Piperonyl acetate)
GUAIACYL ACETATE
o-Methoxy phenyl acetate
Chemical formula:
o-l CH3
HENDECANAL
(See Undecanal)
-CH3
Berry

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
HENDECEN-9-AL
(See 9-Undecanal)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
4
7
6
5.1
15
10-HENDECENYL ACETATE
(See 10-Undecen-l-yl acetate)
130
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.53
0.78
2
2
2.3
2-HEPTALACTONE
4-Hydroxyheptanoic acid, ^-Lactone
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Ji
crô
322
Coconut, nut, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
40
28
26

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2, 3-HEPTANEDIONE
Chemical formula: CH3COCO(CH2)3CH3
Raspberry, strawberry, butter, fruit, rum,
nut, cheese
HEPTALDEHYDE
(See Heptanal)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
HEPTANAL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5CHO
Citrus, apple, melon, cognac, rum, almond
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.9
1.2
2
2.6
4

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
10
10
10
100
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.96
3.1
8.2
7.9
1.7
1-HEPTANOL
2-HEPTANONE
Chemical formula: CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
Berry, butter, fruit, cheese
HEPTANAL DIMETHYL ACETAL


Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments

Fruit, melon, mushroom
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 0.13
0.25
0.25
0.25
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
6
6.4
13
10, 25
3-HEPTANONE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CO(CH2)3CH3
HEPTANAL GLYCERYL ACETAL (Mixed 1,2

and 1 , 3 Acetals)

Melon
,OCHn
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH^CH^gCH
\ OCH9
CH2OH
Mushroom
131
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13, 2.0
0.25, 170
67
0.25, 130
4-HEPTANONE
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Strawberry, fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
7.8
11
19
27
0.60, 8
HEPTYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Heptyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOOCH2(CH2)5CH3
Coconut, apricot, peach, pineapple, plum
HEPTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Heptyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2(CH2)5CH3

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, banana, melon, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.66
0.74
2.7
2.4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
3.3
4.9
4.8
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
0.82
2.6
3
2-HEPTYL BUTYROLACTONE
(See 2-Undecalactone)
HEPTYL CARBINOL
(See 1 -Octanol)
HEPTYL ALCOHOL
1-Heptanol
HEPTYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Heptyl ester

Fruit
Chemical formula: ^^-CH=CHCOOCH2(CH2)5CH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, cherry, apricot, grape
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90
1,
5
3
3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
pri-HEPTYL ALCOHOL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
1,
2
1,
6
1
2 70
HEPTYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Heptyl ester
HEPTYL ALDEHYDE
(See Heptanal)

HEPTYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Heptyl ester

Apricot, peach, plum
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2COOCH2(CH2)5CH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Raspberry, floral, violet, apricot, melon,
plum
132
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
0.87
3.6
3.3
2, 4-HEXADIENOATE
(See Allyl sorbate)
HEPTYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Heptyl ester
Chemical formula: CHg(CH^gCOOCH^CH^CH3
HEXAHYDROPYRIDENE
(See Piperidine)

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1

Beverages
HEXAHYDROTHYMOL
(See Menthol)
HEXADECANOIC ACID
(See Palmitic acid)
2- HEXALACTONE
4-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,
Ethyl butyrolactone
Tonkalide
l-HEXADECANOL
Chemical formula:
Lactone
CH3CH2

Chocolate

Butter, fruit, honey, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2

Ice cream, ices .
Candy

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
- 6-HEXADECENLACTONE
16-Hydroxy-6-hexadecenoic acid, -Lactone,
6-Hexadecenolide
Ambrettolide
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7
0.07, 84
21
21
HEXALDEHYDE
(See Hexanal)
Chemical formula: CH(CH0hC=0

HEXANAL
I
\
I
CH(CH2)gCH2

Butter, fruit, honey, rum

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Apples, coffee, cooked chicken, strawberries,
tea, tobacco leaves (oils)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.32
0.18
0.16
0.19
0.01
0.70

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
6-HEXADECENOLIDE
(See -6-Hexadecenlactone)
HEXANEDIOIC ACID
(See Adipic acid)
HEXADECYLIC ACID
(See Palmitic acid)
133
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.8
3.6
4.2
2,
2.5
3
2, 3-HEXANEDIONE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH=CHCH ^HO
Chemical formula: CH3COCOCH2CI^CH3

Fruit

Strawberry, butter, citrus, banana, pine
apple, rum, cheese

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.6
4.8
7.3
6.6
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
5
5
2-HEXEN-l-OL
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH2OH
Fruit, mint
HEXANOIC ACID
Chemical formula: CHg(CHg^COOH

Grapes

Butter, butterscotch, chocolate, fruit, rum,
pecan, cheese

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Apples, butter acids, cocoa, grapes, oil of
lavender, oil of lavandin, raspberries,
strawberries, tea

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
4.3
28
22
1.5
450
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
0.63
3.8
4.1
3-HEXEN-l-OL
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2OH
Fruit, mint
Grapefruit, raspberries, tea
1-HEXANOL
(See Hexyl alcohol)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-HEXENAL
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCHO
Berry, fruit
2-HEXEN-l-YL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 2-Hexenyl ester

Apples, strawberries

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
3.7
5
5
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
0.70
15
16

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
cis-3-HEXENAL
134
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.28
0.40
1.7
1.7
HEXYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Hexyl ester
HEXOIC A
(See Hexanoic acid)
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2COOCH^CHg^CH3

HEXOIC ALDEHYDE
(See Hexanal)

Berry, fruit
HEXYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Hexyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4CH2OOCCH3
Berry, apple, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.6
2.1
7.8
8.6

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.6
4.6
26
26
3
a-HEXYLCINNAMALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: ^
^-CH=CHO
2(2)^g

Berry, fruit, honey
2-HEXYL-4-ACETOXYTETRAHYDROFURAN
Chemical formula:
]
I
CH3CO-'''^^ (CH2) 5CH3

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 80
2.6
6.5
2.4
0.05

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
3
3
3
HE XYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE

(See 1,3-Nonanediol acetate (mixed esters))
HEXYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Hexyl ester
HEXYL ALCOHOL
l-Hexanol

Raspberry, fruit
Chemical formula: CH3(C^^CH2OH

Berry, coconut, fruit
Apples, oil of lavandin, oil of lavender,
strawberries, tea

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
45
39
52

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.6
26
21
18
0.22, 0.28
HEXYL 2-FUROATE
2-Furoic acid, Hexyl ester
Chemical formula:
|^ ^J[^
^ ^- ^ g

Coffee, maple, mushroom
135
HEXYL 2 -FUROATE (cont'd)

Candy . . .
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.31
0.20

Fruit

Beverages
Puddings
HEXYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Hexyl ester
Approx. Avg .
Maximum ppm
1
0.70

HEXYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Hexyl ester

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH2(CH2)4CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5, 3
2.5
3.6, 10
10

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-HEXYLIDENE CYCLOPENTANONE
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.7
23
21
22
CH(CH2)4CH3
HYACINTHIN
(See Phenylacetaldehyde)

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
5
10
HYDRATROPA LDEHYDE
(See 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde)
HYDRATROPALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL

(See 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal)
2-HEXYL-5 (or 6) -KETO- 1 , 4-DIOXANE

(1 (or 2) -Hexyl-2-hydroxyethoxy) acetic acid,
- Lactone)
HYDRATROPYL ALCOHOL
(See j3-Methylphenethyl alcohol)
Chemical formula:
HYDRATROPYL BUTYRATE
(See 2-Phenylpropyl butyrate)
=
3(2)5^
Cream

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Margarine . . . .
HYDRATROPYL ISOBUTYRATE
(See 2-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
HYDROCINNAMIC ACID
(See 3-Phenylpropionic acid)
5
5
5
HYDROCINNAMYL ACETATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl acetate)
HEXYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Hexyl ester
HYDROCINNAMYL ALCOHOL
(See 3-Phenyl-l -propanol)
136
HYDROCINNAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.5
13
9.4
10
0.30
16

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
HYDROCINNAMYL CINNAMATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl cinnamate)
HYDROCINNAMYL FORMATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl formate)
HYDROXYCITRONELLAL DIETHYL ACETAL
HYDROCINNAMYL HEXANOATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate)
Chemical formula:
IÔH
(23)2
HYDROCINNAMYL PROPIONATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl propionate)
Citrus, fruit
HYDROCINNAMYL ISOVALERATE
(See 3-Phenylpropyl isovalerate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
0.50, 1
7.3
2.2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
HYDROCOUMARIN
(See Dihydrocoumarin)
HYDROQUINONE DIMETHYL ETHER

(See -Dimethoxybenzene)
HYDROXYCITRONELLAL DIMETHYL ACETAL
o- HYDROXYANISOLE
(See Guaiacol)
Chemical formula:
IÔH
(3)2
o-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE
(See Salicylaldehyde)
Fruit, cherry
J2-HYDROXYBENZYL ACETONE
(See 4 - (j>- Hyd roxyphenyl) 2 - bu tanone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
0.50
24
0.50, 20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3 - HYDROXY- 2 - BUTANONE
(See Acetoin)
2 - HYDROXYCAMPHANE
(See Borneol)
HYDROXYCITRONELLOL
HYDROXYCITRONE LLAL
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula:
OH
CHO
OH
CHoOH
V
Lemon, floral, cherry

Berry, citrus, linden, violet, cherry
137
4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-STYRENE
(See 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol)
HYDROXYCITRONELLOL (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2
1.6
3.6
3.5
0.30
0.30
HYDROXYMETHYL ANETHOLE
2- HYDROXYMETHYLFURAN
2-HYDROXY--CYMENE
(See Carvacrol)
4-HYDROXY- 3 -METHYL- 1-METHYLBENZENE

(See 2-Methoxy-4-methyl phenol)
4- HYDROXYDECANOIC ACID, _y- LACTONE

(See ^-Decalactone)
1 -HYDROXYMETHYL- 4 -ISOPROPENYL- 1CYCLOHEXENE
(See -Mentha- 1 , 8-dien- 7-ol)
5- HYDROXYDECANOIC ACID, 6- LACTONE

(See -Decalactone)
3- HYDROXY-2-METHYL-4-PYRONE
(See Maltol)
4- HYDROXYDODECANOIC ACID, y_- LACTONE

(See 2-Dodecalactone)
3 - HYDROXY- 2 -METHYL-^- PYRONE

(See Maltol)
5- HYDROXYDODECANOIC ACID, 6- LACTONE

(See i>-Dodecalactone)
4- HYDROXYNONANOIC ACID, ^-LACTONE

(See y-Nonalactone)
HYDROXYHEPTANE
4- HYDROXYOCTANOIC ACID, ^-LACTONE

(See y-Octalactone)
4-HYDROXYHEPTANOIC ACID, ^-LACTONE

(See 2-Heptalactone)
5- HYDROXY-4-OCTANONE
16-HYDROXY-6-HEXADECENOIC ACID,
)- LACTONE
(See w-6-Hexadecenlactone)

Butter, butterscotch, fruit, cheese, nut
4-HYDROXYHEXANOIC ACID, ^-LACTONE

(See y-Hexalactone)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-l-ALLYLBENZENE
(See Eugenol)
4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
(See Vanillin)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 5
1,
20
10
7.8
y_- HYD ROXY - - OXOBU TANE

(See Acetoin)
4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-BENZYLNONANAMIDE
(See Nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide)
4-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)-2BUTANONE
(See Zingerone)
15-HYDROXYPENTADECANOIC ACID, co-LACTOKE

4-HYDROXYPENTANOIC ACID, ^-LACTONE

(See y- Valerolactone)
138
2 - HYDROXY - 2 - NYLACETOPHEN ONE

(See Benzoin)
4- (- HYDROXYPHENYL) - 2 - BUTANONE
Chemical formula: HO-^^-CH2C^COCH3
Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.26
0.28
0 . 50
0.58
0.02,0.40

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
a-IONONE
4-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten2-one
a-Irisone
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
34
44
54
5
50
40
320
Chemical formula:
CH=CHCOCH
3

Berry, blackberry, loganberry, raspberry,
citrus, orange, floral, fruit, cherry, spice,
vanilla
2-HYDROXY- 1,2, 3 -PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC

ACID
(See Citric acid)

Boronia, absolute
1-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
(See _1-Malic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5
3.6
12
6.7
3.6
39
50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
14-HYDROXYTETRADECANOIC ACID
a-HYDROXYTOLUENE
(See Benzyl alcohol)
-IONONE
4-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-l-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten2 -one
-Irisone *V
-HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID
(See Citric acid)
4-HYDROXYUNDECANOIC ACID, 3;- LACTONE

(See ^-Undecalactone)
Chemical formula:
HYPNONE
(See Acetophenone)

Berry, blackberry, loganberry, raspberry,
strawberry, floral, violet, fruit, cherry, grape,
pineapple, liquor, muscatel, nut, pistachio
INDOLE
Boronia, absolute
Chemical formula:

Raspberry, strawberry, bitters, chocolate,
orange, coffee, violet, fruit, nut, cheese

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Maraschino cherries

Jasmine oil, orange flowers
139
...
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
3.4
7.6
5.2
5.8
89
10
g-IRISONE
(See O? -Ionone)
LACTIC ACID
Chemical formula: CHgCHOHCOOH
j-IRISONE
(See j-Ionone)

Blackberry, butter, butterscotch, lime,
chocolate, fruit, walnut, spice, cheese
Qj-IRONE
4-(2, 5, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene-l-yl)3-buten-2-one
6-Methylionone

Cultured milk, molasses, sauerkraut
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Toppings
Pickles and olives
CH=CHCOCH,

Berry, raspberry, strawberry, floral,
violet, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Appro X. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
2.3
4.1
5.4
1.4
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
34
66
130
89
14, 25
610
300
1,200, 24,000
LACTIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER, BUTYRATE

(See Butyl butyryllactate)
LARLXINIC ACID
(See Maltol)
JASMONYL
(See 1 , 3-Nonanediol acetate (mixed esters))
LAURALDEHYDE
KAUTSCHIN
(See d-Limonene)
LAURIC ACID
Dodecanoic acid
KENTONAROME
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)1()COOH

Miscellaneous
KETONE C-7
(See 2-Heptanone)

Oil of lemon, butter acids
KETONE ALCOHOL
(See 3-Octanon-l-ol)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
KETONE ALCOHOL ESTER

(See 3-Nonanon- 1-yl acetate)
2 - KE TOPROPIONALDEHYDE
(See Pyruvaldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15
16
2.4
39
25
LAURIC ALDEHYDE
Dodecanal
Qj-KE TOPROP IONIC ACID

(See Pyruvic acid)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)1()CHO
140
LAURIC ALDEHYDE (cont'd)
LEAF ALCOHOL
(See 3-Hexen-l-ol)

Butter, caramel, lemon, lime, orange,
tangerine, fruit, banana, neroli, honey
LEVULINIC ACID

Oil of lemon, oil of lime
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: CHgCOCHgCHgCOOH

Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.93
1.5
2.4
2.8
0.10
110, 0.20

Berry, butter, caramel, fruit, maple, nut
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
14
14
53
53
4

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
LAURINE
(See Hydroxycitronellal)
LICAREOL
(See Linalool)
LAUROSTEARIC A
(See Lauric acid)
d-LIMONENE
LAURYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Dodecyl ester
Dodecyl acetate
Dodecanyl acetate
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)nOOCCH3

Lime, fruit, spice

Butter, lemon, orange, peach, pineapple,
meat

Star anise, buchu leaves, caraway, celery
seed, oranges, coriander, cumin, cardamom,
sweet fennel, common fennel, mace, marigold,
oil of lavandin, oil of lemon, oil of mandarin,
peppermint, petitgrain oil, pimento oil, orange
leaf (absolute), orange peel (sweet oil), origanum
oil, black pepper, peels of citrus, macrocarpa
bunge, hops oil

Oil of lime

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
1.7
4.6
5.6
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
31
68
49
120
48, 400
2,300

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
LAURYL ALCOHOL
l-Dodecanol
Citrus, coconut, floral, fruit, honey
POLY LIMONE NE
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Sirups
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2
1
2.8
1.7
16, 27
7
Chemical formula:
CH,
x = 2,3
CH.
141

Basil, jasmine oil, lavandin oil, lavender oil,
lemon oil, peels of citrus macrocarpa bunge,
petitgrain lemon oil
POLYLIMONENE (cont'd)
General fixative
Possible in old citrus oils
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4,500
300
1,000

Candy
Chewing gum
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
3.8
11
8.9
3.8
13

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
LINALOL
(See Linalol)
LINALYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Linalyl ester
LINALOL
Chemical formula: (C1QH17)OOC j
Chemical formula:
H2N
Berry, citrus, fruit, grape
OH
Blueberry, chocolate, lemon, lime, orange,
cola, grape, peach, cardamom, nutmeg, meat
Basil, bois de rose oil, cassie (abstract),
coriander, cocoa, grapefruit, oranges, peaches,
tea, bay and bayleaves extract, grapefruit oil,
ginger, lavandin, lavender oil, oil of lemon, oil
of lime, oil of mandarin, petitgrain oil, orange
leaf (absolute), orange peel (sweet oil), palma
rose oil, peels of citrus, macrocarpa bunge, ho
oil, hops oil, jasmine oil, laurel-leaves oil

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Meats
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
0.72
4.7
0.20, 8
LINALYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Linalyl ester
Chemical formula: (C1QH17)OOC
-o
Berry, citrus, fruit, peach
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
3.6
8.4
9.6
2.3
40
0.80, 90

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
LINALYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Linalyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.31
0.42
1.2
1.6
0.28
LINALYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Linalyl ester
Chemical formula: (C1QH1 7)OOC(CH2)2CH3
Chemical formula:
Loganberry, butter, caramel, citrus, floral,
rose, fruit, grape, peach, pear, pineapple,
plum, honey, nut, spice
OOCCH,
Berry, citrus, peach, pear, ginger
142
LINALYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Linalyl ester
LINALYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
4.3
2.2
13
0.09
Chemical formula: (C1QH1 ?)(2)43

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
LINALYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Linalyl ester
Chemical formula: (C1QH17)OOCCH(CH3)2
Berry, citrus, fruit, banana, black currant,
cherry, pear, pineapple, plum, nut, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
LINALYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Linalyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
2.8
4.9
13
Chemical formula: (C^Hj 7)OOC(CH2)gCH3

Citrus, rose, apple, pineapple, honey
Chemical formula: (C1()H17)OOCCH=CH

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Loganberry, floral, rose, fruit, grape,
honey
LINALYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Linalyl ester
LINALYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Linalyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.57
0.59
2
2.1
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
0.50, 3
0 . 50
0.60, 15

Currant, orange, banana, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
LINALYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Linalyl ester
Chemical formula: (C1()H17)OOCH
Berry, apple, apricot, peach, pineapple
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4.9
3.6
5.3
12
4.4
LINALYL ISOVALE RATE

Isovaleric acid, Linalyl ester

Oil of lavandin

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
6
11
15
Chemical formula: (C1()H17)OOCCH2CH(CH3)2

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
12
3.8
13

Loganberry, apple, apricot, peach, pear, plum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
143
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.96
0.91
5.7
5.6
0.10

Citrus, fruit, mint, vanilla
1 -MALIC A
Chemical formula: HOOCCHOHCH2COOH

Caraway

Fruit, maple
Coffee, peaches, rhubarb root, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
380
390
420
0.60, 1.5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
MALTOL
3 - Hydroxy- 2 -methyl-y- pyrone
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
p-MENTHA-6, 8-DIEN-2-OL
(See Carveol)
6, 8(9)-j3-MENTHADIEN-2-ONE
(See Carvone)
3-p-MENTHANOL
(See Menthol)
^c-J^c:3

Chocolate, coffee, fruit, maple, nut, vanilla
Chicory, roasted malt
J2-MENTH- 1 , 4(8)-DIENE
(See Terpinolene)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
8.7
31
30
7.5
90
15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jelly
MELONAL
(See 2, 6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal)
.B-MENTH-l-EN-8-OL
(See a-Terpineol)
-MENTH-8-EN-3-OL
(See Isopulegol)
l-.B-MENTHEN-4-OL
(4-Carvomenthenol)
8-.B-MENTHEN-2-OL
(See Dihydrocarveol)
p-MENTHA- 1,5- DIENE

(See a-Phellandrene)
d--MENTHA- 1 , 8-DIENE
(See d-Limonene)
-MENTHA- 1 , 8-DIEN- 7-OL

1 , 8--Menthadien- 7-ol
Chemical formula:
.B-MENTHAN-3-ONE
(See Menthone)
CH2OH
A- 4( 8) --MENTHEN- 3 - ONE
(See Pulegone)
A- 8( 9) -_B-MENTHEN- 3 - ONE
(See Isopulegone)
-MENTH-l-EN-3-ONE
(See d-Piperitone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
0.50, 1
20
10, 50
-MENTH- 4( 8) -EN- 3 - ONE

(See Pulegone)
1- MENTHOL
(See Menthol)
- MENTH- 8-EN-3-ONE
(See Isopulegone)
(d)-neo-MENTHOL
Chemical formula: CH2CH(CH3)2
)H
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL ACETATE
(See Terpinyl acetate)
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL ANTHRANILATE
(See Terpinyl anthranilate)

Mint
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL BUTYRATE
(See Terpinyl butyrate)

Japanese mint oil (Mentha arvensis)
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL ISOBUTYRATE
(See Terpinyl isobutyrate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
S-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL CINNAMATE
(See Terpinyl cinnamate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
31
50
48
MENTHONE
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL FORMATE
(See Terpinyl formate)
Chemical formula:
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL PROPIONATE
(See Terpinyl propionate)
Fruit, mint
-MENTH-l-EN-8-YL ISOVALERATE
(See Terpinyl isovalerate)

Raspberries, peppermint oil
MENTHOL
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
OH
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.7
33
71
52
8.7

Butter, caramel, fruit, peppermint, spearmint
MENTHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Menthyl ester

Raspberries, peppermint and other mints,
betel

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
35
68
400
130
1, 100

Fruit, mint, spice
145
OOCCH,
o-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
MENTHYL ACETATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.5
4.0
26
24
5.2
Chemical formula:
H
c=o
OCH,

Spice, cinnamon
Cassia oil
-MENTH-3-YL ACETATE
(See Menthyl acetate)
Beverages
Baked goods
Chewing gum
MENTHYL ISOVALERATE
(Isovaleric acid, Menthyl ester)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
20
30
Chemical formula: ^^/OOCCH2CH(CH3)2

g-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
Anisaldehyde
Fruit, liquor, mint

Raspberry, strawberry, butter, caramel,
chocolate, apricot, cherry, peach, licorice,
anise, nut, black walnut, walnut, spice,
vanilla

Peppermint oil
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CHO
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
2.9
7.4
18

Hawthorn, fennel, oil of anise, star anise,
Tahiti vanilla beans
-MENTH-3-YL ISOVALERATE
(See Menthyl isovalerate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
METHANETHIOL
(See Methyl mercaptan)
METHIONAL
(See 2-Methylthiopropionaldehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6-3
5.6
14
16
0.50, 30
18, 76
METHOXYBENZENE
(See Anisole)
-METHIOPROPIONALDEHYDE
-METHOXYBENZYL ACETATE
(See Anisyl acetate)
-METHOXYACETAPHENONE
(See Acetanisole)
-METHOXYBENZYL ALCOHOL
(See Anisyl alcohol)
4 ' -METHOXYACETOPHENONE
(See Acetanisole)
-METHOXYBENZYL BUTYRATE
(See Anisyl butyrate)
-METHOXYALLYLBENZENE
(See Estragole)
D-METHOXYBENZYL FORMATE
(See Anisyl formate)
146
Chemical formula: CH3O-^
-METHOXYBENZYL PROPIONATE
(See Anisyl propionate)
CH2CH2COCH3

Fruit, licorice, anise
fl-METHOXYCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE
Chemical formula:
H\ H\ H\
t^Vc=c-c=o

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Apple, cinnamon
Cassia oil
1 - (p.- METHOXYPHENYL) - 1 - PENTEN - 3 - ONE

a-Methyl anisylidene acetone
Ethone
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
200
30

Candy
Baked goods
Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
10, 12
28
26
25
Chemical formula: CH. ,o-/~V CH=CHCOCH 2CH3

Butter, cream, fruit, maple, nut, vanilla
2-METHOXY-,p_-CRESOL
(See 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
2.3
28
12
o-METHOXY METHYL BENZOATE

(See Methyl p_-methoxybenzoate)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-METHOXY-4-METHYLPHENOL
1-Cp.-METHOXYPHENYL)-2-PROPANONE
Chemical formula: CH3/
Chemical formula: 30-^~^-2
\-OH
^\OCH3
Fruit, vanilla

Fruit, rum, nut, clove

Star anise

Cassie (absolute)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 21
0.05
0.77
1
0.02
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.60, 2.8
1.2, 2.8
4.4, 6
4.4, 6
l-METHOXY-4-PROPENYLBENZENE
(See Anethole)
fl-METHOXYPHENOL
(See Guaiacol)
2-METHOXY-4-PROPENYLPHENOL
(See Isoeugenol)
-METHOXYPHENYL ACETONE
(See 1 - (- M e thoxyphe nyl) - 2 - propanone)
2-METHOXY-4-PROPENYLPHENYL ACETATE
(See Isoeugenyl acetate)
4-CP.-METHOXYPHENYD-2-BUTANONE
147
2-METHOXY-4-PROPENYLPHENYL FORMATE
(See Isoeugenyl formate)
METHYLACETALDEHYDE
(See Propionaldehyde)
2-METHOXY-4-PROPENYLPHENYL
PHENYLACETATE
(See Isoeugenyl phenylacetate)
METHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH3
-METHOXYSTYRYL ISOPROPYL KETONE

l-(-Methoxy phenyl) -4-methyl- l-penten-3 -one
Chemical formula:

Fruit, rum, nut
Coffee
Hb
HC=C-C-C-CH
-cI
CH,

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor

Berry

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
34
44
34
5,
50
40, 320
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
28
29
11
14
0.10
0.20
METHYLACETIC ACID
B-METHYL ACETOPHENONE
-METHOXYTOLUENE
(See - Methylanisole)
4'-METHYL ACETOPHENONE
-Methyl acetophenone
Chemical formula: CHg^
2-METHOXYTOLUENE
(See (>-Methylanisole)
^ COCH

Fruit, almond, vanilla
4-METHOXYTOLUENE
(See ja-Methylanisole)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Maraschino cherries
Chewing gum
Condiments
2-METHOXY-4-VINYLPHENOL
Chemical formula: CH, .-CH-TV
NOCH,
...
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.6
5.2
4.9
8
870
5.8

Vanilla
1 - METHYL- 4- ACETYL BENZENE


Coffee
2- METHYLALLYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, 2-Methyl-2-propen-l-yl ester

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH^H2CH2COOCH^CHg

3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25, 3
0.25, 11
1,
8
1,
8

Pineapple
148
2-METHYLALLYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
0.20
METHYL 2-AMINOBENZOATE
(See Methyl anthranilate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
2.7
4.8
7.6
0.50, 4
2
8
a-METHYL ANISYLIDENE ACETONE

(See 1 -(o-Methoxyphenyl)- 1 -penten-3 -one)
2-METHYLAMINO METHYLBENZOATE
(See Methyl N-methylanthranilate)
METHYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Methyl ester
METHYLAMYLACETIC ACID
(See 2-Methylheptanoic acid)
Chemical formula:
\ CCOCH,
NHn
METHYL AMYL KETONE

(See 2-Heptanone)

Loganberry, strawberry, orange, floral,
rose, violet, cherry, grape, melon, liquor,
wine, honey
METHYL ANISATE
Anisic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3Oi

Grapes, grape juice (concord), jasmine oil,
lavender oil, lemon oil, orange flowers,
petitgrain oil, petitgrain mandarin oil, peels
of macrocarpa bunge, tuberose
^ COOCHn

Fruit, melon, liquor, root beer, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
3
8
6.2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
21
56
20
23
2,200
0.20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Liqueurs
o- METHYLANISOLE
Chemical formula: i
\ CH3
METHYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Methyl ester
Ndc3
Fruit, nut
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: /
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
1
2.3, 4
4

Fruit, liquor, rum, nut, spice, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
,-METHYLANISOLE
S COOCHg
OCH,

Berry, maple, black walnut, walnut, spice
149
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.2
4.5
8.4
9.9
METHYLBENZYL ACETATE
Tolyl acetate (so-called)
Chemical formula: CH2-O-C-CH3
Chemical formula:
CH,
I
rv (2)23
w
Berry, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
2.6
11
9,
10
1
0.30, 220

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
4,
5
4,
10
10, 20
10, 20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Cherry, fruit
a-METHYLBENZYL ISOBUTYRATE
Styralyl isobutyrate
Methyl phenylcarbinyl isobutyrate
Chemical formula:
a-METHYLBENZYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, a-Methylbenzyl ester
Chemical formula:
CHOOCCH(CH3) 2
CjH3
Fruit
^~^-coocch3
Berry, fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
10
10
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
5.4
12
17
0 . 80
30
a-METHYLBENZYL FORMATE
Formic acid, a-Methylbenzyl ester
Chemical formula:
- METHYLBENZYL ACETONE
(See 4-(-Tolyl)-2-butanone)
3
{^~ CHOOCH

Berry, fruit
a-METHYLBENZYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula: ^
^ CH(OH)CH3
rv
Strawberry, rose, fruit, honey

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
5
3,
5
10, 20
10, 20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.6
3.8
6.8
9
4
0.30
a-METHYLBENZYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, a-Methylbenzyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH,
23
o-
a-METHYLBENZYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, a-Methylbenzyl ester
150
g-METHYLBENZYL PROPIONATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4,
5
4,
5
10, 15
10, 15
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 2
2,
8
6.6
5.7
3-METHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2CHO
Butter, chocolate, cocoa, fruit, nut
2 - ME THYLBU TANAL
(See 2-Methylbutyraldehyde)

Coffee extract, oil of lavender, peppermint oil
3- ME THYLBU TANAL

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
3 -METHYL- 1 -BUTANOL
METHYL ISOBUTYLACETATE
(See Methyl 4-methylvalerate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.63
1.4
2.8
3.1
3
METHYL BUTY RATE

Butyric acid, Methyl ester
^-METHYL BUTYL ACETATE

(See Isoamyl acetate)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)2COOCH3

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
(See 4-Methyl-2-pentanone)

Fruit
Apples
METHYL p-ter-BUTYLPHENYLACETATE
p-ter-Butylphenylacetic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3)3C-^
^-CH2COOCH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.35, 1
2
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
31
86
48, 200
METHYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOOCH3
2-METHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE

Fruit
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO

Chocolate, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Coffee, tea
151
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
22
38
48, 200
48, 200
Jj-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID

Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
2- METHYLBUTYRIC ACID
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CHCOOH
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
14
1.7
2.7, 40
0.40
3
6-METHYLCOUMARIN

Fruit
Chemical formula: CH,
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
3
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
XXX
Butter, caramel, coconut, fruit, nut, root
beer, vanilla
3- METHYLBUTYROLACTONE
(See 2-Valeractone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.2
4.8
21
24
39
0.80, 15
METHYLCATECHOL
(See Guaiacol)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
METHYL CHAVICOL
(See Estragole)
3-METHYLCYCLOPENTANE-1,2-DIONE
a-METHYLCINNAMALDEHYDE
METHYLCYCLOPENTENOLONE
3-Methylcyclopentane- 1 , 2-dione
METHYL ISOCAPROATE
Chemical formula: ^
V- CH=C(CH3)CHO
Chemical formula:
isO

Fruit, spice
CH4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 11
1.
15
26
27
430

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Berry, butter, butterscotch, caramel, maple,
hazelnut, pecan, walnut, fruit, vanilla

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Sirups
METHYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
^ CH=CHCOOCH3

Strawberry, butter, cream, cherry, grape,
peach, plum, vanilla

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
METHYL DECYNE CARBONATE

(See Methyl 2-undecynoate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
3.8
8.7
METHYL DISULFIDE
Dimethyl disulfide
Chemical formula: CH3-S-S-CH3
152
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
5.6
18
13
14
15,8
10,30
METHYL DISULFIDE (cont'd)

Onion
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
3
2.5

Baked goods
Condiments
Pickle products
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13
0.13
0.03, 0.13
0.03

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL 2 -FU ROATE

Furoic acid, Methyl ester
METHYL DODECANOATE
(See Methyl laurate)
Chemical formula:
^C^COOCH,
3 , 4-METHYLENEDIOXYBENZALDEHYDE
(See Piperonal)

Meat
4- ( 3 , 4 - METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL) - 2 - BU TANONE
Piperonyl acetone

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Condiments
Chemical formula:
^/~^
^-223
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.61
0.06, 1.3
0.66
1,
1.3
2-
Fruit, cherry
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
a-METHYL FURYLACROLEIN
(See 2 -Methyl- 3-furylac role in)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.2
45
40
40
2-METHYL-3- FURYLACROLEIN
Chemical formula:
CH
CH=CHCHO
METHYL ETHYL ACETALDEHYDE


Chocolate, fruit, nut, spice
METHYL ETHYL KETONE

(See 2-Butanone)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL EUGENOL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.60
0.65
0.68
0.92
4-METHYLGUAIACOL
(See 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol)
METHYL ISOEUGENYL
(See Isoeugenyl methyl ether)
2-METHYLHENDECANAL
5-METHYLFURFURAL
Chemical formula:
METHYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Methyl ester
/" CHO
Honey, maple, meat
153
METHYL HEPTANOATE (cont'd)

Berry, grape, peach, pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.80
0.83
0.33
0.50, 0.60
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
8.5
5.3
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL 2-HEXENOATE
2-Hexenoic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCOOCH3
2-METHYLHEPTANOIC ACID
Chemical formula:

Fruit
CH3(CH2)4CH(CH3)COOH

Fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
10
10
10
Approx. Avg
Maximum
ppm
0.03, 0.12
0.03

Beverages
Candy
METHYL HEXYL ACETALDEHYDE

(See 2-Methyloctanal)
METHYL HEXYL CARBINOL

(See 2 -Octanol)
6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE
Chemical formula: (CH3)2C=CH(CH2)2COCH3
Berry, citrus, banana, melon, peach, pear,
pineapple
METHYL HEXYL KETONE

(See 2-Octanone)

Oil of lavender, oil of lemon
p-METHYLHYDRATROPALDEHYDE
(See 2-(j3-Tolyl) propionaldehyde)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
METHYL HYDROCINNAMATE
(See Methyl 3-phenylpropionate)
-METHYLINDOLE
(See Skatole)
METHYL HEPTINE CARBONATE

(See Methyl 2-octynoate)
3 -METHYLINDOLE
(See Skatole)
METHYL HEPTYL KETONE

(See 2-Nonanone)
METHYL-a- IONONE
5-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-4penten-3-one
Raldeine
a-Cetone
METHYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula:
-CH=CHCOCH2CH3

Pineapple

Berry, floral, violet, fruit
154
Chemical formula: 3
METHYL-a-IONONE (cont'd)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
2.4
6.6
6.5
0.60
0.21

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Jellies

Berry, loganberry, raspberry, strawberry,
floral, violet, fruit, pineapple, liquor, muscatel,
nut, pistachio

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
METHYL-j-IONONE
5-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-l-cyclohexen-l-yl)-4penten-3-one
Raldeine
ji-Cetone
Chemical formula:
3
CH=C(CH3)COCH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.97
0.98
4.9
4.3
0.05
0 . 80
/<v^CH=CHCOCHoCHo
Oc
Berry, raspberry, strawberry, citrus, orange,
floral, violet, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
2
Icecream, ices
2.2
Candy
7.5
Baked goods
5.9
METHYL LAU RATE

Dodecanoic acid, Methyl ester
Floral

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL-^-IONONE (so-called)
(See a-Isomethylionone)
METHYL- 6-IONONE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 5
0.50, 5
0.02, 0.5
1
METHYL MERCAPTAN
Methanethiol
Chemical formula: CH3SH
Chemical formula:
^^-CH=CHCOCH2CH3
Coffee

Berry, floral, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Caseinate (Na sol), cheese, cruciferae, milk
(skim), coffee, cooked beef
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.61
0.89
3.2
2.8

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.56
0.13, 1
0.13, 1
0. 15, 1
6-METHYLIONONE
(See a-Irone)
METHYLMERCAPTOPROPIONALDEHYDE
a- ISOM E THY LIONONE
4-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3methyl-3 -buten- 2-one
Methyl
ionone (so-called)
METHYL -METHIOPROPIONATE
(See Methyl 2-methylthiopropionate)
155
METHYL o-METHOXYBENZOATE
(-Methoxy methyl benzoate
Chemical formula: /
METHYL -METHYL MERCAPTOPROPIONATE

(See Methyl 2-methylthiopropionate)
V- COOCHg
METHYL 4-METHYLPENTANOATE
ÔCH,
Berry
METHYL 2-METHYLTHIOPROPIONATE
-Methiopropionic acid, Methyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
9
30
40

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH3SCH2CH2COOCH3

Fruit, meat
Pineapple
METHYL N-METHYLANTHRANILATE
Dimethylanthranilate
2-Methylamino methylbenzoate
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.35
0.37
0 . 74
1
0.05

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
NHCH
^~V~ COOCHg

Citrus, fruit
METHYL 4-METHYLVALERATE
4-Methylpentanoic acid, Methyl ester

Mandarin-leaves oil, mandarin oil, petitgrain
oil, rue oil

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Jellies
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.1
5
18
17
4
7,000
(3)2(2)23

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
44
33
33

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE
METHYL MYRISTATE
Tetradecanoic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CHgCHCOOCH3
Chemical formula:
Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CHgiCH^gCOOCHg

Fruit, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
10
10
10

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
7-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-l,6-OCTADIENE
(See Myrcene)
156
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25, 0.50
0.25, 0.50
2.4
0.30, 2
0.24
METHYL -NAPHTHYL KETONE

2 ' - Acetonaphthone
Oranger crystals
Ce tone D
METHYL 2-NONYNOATE
Methyl octyne carbonate
Chemical formula:

Berry, floral, violet, fruit, banana, melon,
peach
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)C5=CCOOCH3
COCH,
Berry, strawberry, citrus, fruit, grape,
neroli, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.75
5.3
2
2.2, 3
480, 700
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.69
0.28
0.61
2.2
0.02, 0.12
10
2-METHYLOCTANAL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5CH(CH3)CHO
METHYL NONANOATE
Nonanoic acid, Methyl ester

Citrus

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, citrus, pineapple, honey, cognac

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
3.6
6.2
7.1
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1
2
2
METHYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)gCOOCH3
METHYL 2-NONENOATE
2-Nonenoic acid, Methyl ester

Berry, pineapple
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCOOCH3

Pineapple

Berry, melon

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
12
9.9
13
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20, 1
1,
10
13
1,
40
METHYL OCTYNE CARBONATE

(See Methyl 2-nonynoate)
METHYL NONYL ACETALDEHYDE
METHYL 2-OCTYNOATE
Methyl heptine carbonate
METHYL NONYL KETONE
(See 2-Undecanone)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4C=CCOOCH3
157
METHYL 2-OCTYNOATE (cont'd)
-METHYLPHENETHYL ALCOHOL
2 - Phenyl- 1 - propanol

Berry, raspberry, strawberry, floral, violet,
fruit, peach, liquor, muscatel
Chemical formula

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jellies
CH(CH3)CH2OH

Berry, rose, melon, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.15
0.30
1.4
1.4
1.7
13, 20
0.23
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
0.42
1.2
0.92

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
j-METHYLPHENETHYL BUTYRATE
2-METHYLOENANTHIC ACID
(See 2-Methylheptanoic acid)
a-METHYL PHENYLACETALDEHYDE
METHYLOL METHYL AMYL KETONE

(See 3-Octanon-l-ol)
g-METHYLPHENYLACETALDEHYDE
(See -Tolylacetaldehyde)
METHYLOL METHYL HEXYL KETONE

ACETATE
(See 3-Nonanon- 1-yl acetate)
METHYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Methyl ester
4-METHYL- 2,3- PENTANEDIONE
Chemical formula
23
Chemical formula: CH3COCOCH(CH3)2

Strawberry, chocolate, peach, honey

Strawberry, butter, butterscotch, banana,
rum, nut
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
7.6
Ice cream, ices
5.6
Candy
6.2
Baked goods
8.3
1.2, 18

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Candy
Gelatin dessert
Chewing gum
Sirup
2-METHYLPENTANOIC ACID
(See 2-Methylvaleric acid)
3-METHYL-4-PHENYL-3-BUTENE-2-ONE
Benzylidene acetone methyl
4-METHYL- 2-PENTANONE
Chemical formula:
CH
=3
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2

Fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
2.5
12
13
0.10
11
37

Berry, fruit, cherry, nut, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
158
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.59
2
2.8
2
2-METHYL-4-PHENYL-2-BUTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
J CH2CH2C(CH3)2OCOCH3
f\-<

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.50
0.32, 0.50

Fruit, tea
METHYL 4-PHENYLBUTYRATE
4-Phenylbutyric acid, Methyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
0.50
10, 0.50
10, 0.50

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
- CH2CH2CH2COOCH3

Strawberry, fruit, honey
2-METHYL-4-PHENYL-2-BUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl ester

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
H,
I 3
22)2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.56
0.52
1.6
1.4
METHYL PHENYLCARBINOL
(See Of-Methylbenzyl alcohol)

Fruit
METHYL PHENYLCARBINYL ACETATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 11
1,
44
11
2,
30

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL PHENYLCARBINYL BUTYRATE

(See a-Methylbenzyl butyrate)
METHYL PHENYLCARBINYL ISOBUTYRATE

(See a-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate)
2-METHYL-4-PHENYLBUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula:
(CH2)2CH(CH3)CHO
METHYL PHENYLCARBINYL FORMATE
(See a-Methylbenzyl formate)

Nut
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.02
0.50
0.50
0 . 50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL PHENYLCARBINYL PROPIONATE

(See a-Methylbenzyl propionate)
4-METHYL- 2 - PHENYL-m - DIOXOLANE

(See Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal)
3 -METHYL- 2-PHENYLBUTYRALDEHYDE
Chemical formula:
METHYLPHENYL ETHER
(See Anisole)
CH(CH3)2
<^~^CHCHO
METHYL PHENYL KETONE

(See Acetophenone)

Fruit
4-METHYL- 1 - PHENYL- 2 - PENTANOL

159
4-METHYL-l-PHENYL-2-PENTANONE
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH2COCH2CH(CH3)2

Berry, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
5
0.06, 5
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-METHYL-5-ISOPROPYL-1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE
(See a-Phellandrene)
5-METHYL-2-ISOPROPYL-CYCLOHEXANOL
(See Menthol)
METHYL 3-PHENYLPROPIONATE
3-Phenylpropionic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
1 -METHYL- 4- ISOPROPYL-l-CYCLOHEXENE4-OL
(See 4-Carvomenthenol)
^ CH2CH2COOCH3

Rose, apricot, peach, pineapple, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
29
96
130
1 -METHYL- 4- ISOPROPYL- 1 - CYCLOHEXEN3-ONE

(See d-Piperitone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.46
0.56
1.7
0.70, 4
3-METHYL-5-PROPYL-CYCLOHEX-2-ENONE
Celery ketone
Chemical formula:
2-METHYL PROPANAL
CH3 - OH2 - CH2
2-METHYL PROPANOIC ACID

(See Isobutyric acid)

Celery, spice
2-METHYL-2-PROPEN-l-YL BUTYRATE
(See 2-Methylallyl butyrate)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
6-METHYL- 3 - ISOP ROPENYL- CYC LOHEXANOL

(See Dihydrocarveol)
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
0.25
4.7
0.25
5-METHYL-2-ISOPROPYL HEXAHYDROPHENOL
(See Menthol)
l-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-3-CYCLOHEXANONE
(See Isopulegone)
a-METHYL-p- ISOPROPYL HYDROCINNAMALDEHYI

(See 2 -Methyl- 3-(-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehydel
METHYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Methyl ester
1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPYLIDENE-3-CYCLOHEXANONE
(See Pulegone)
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH3

Fruit, rum
METHYL PROPYL KETONE

(See 2-Pentanone)
160
I
2-METHYL-5-ISOPROPYLPHENOL
(See Carvacrol)
Chemical formula .
^
Strawberry, grape, mint, walnut, root beer,
sarsaparilla, spice, wintergreen, birch beer,
vanilla
5-METHYL-2-ISOPROPYLPHENOL
(See Thymol)
2-METHYL-3-(p-ISOPROPYLPHENYL)
PROPIONALDEHYDE
2-Methyl-3 -(-isopropylphenyl) butanal

Birch sweet, cassie (absolute), wintergreen
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH-/ \-CH2CH(CH3)

\=/ CHO

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Sirup

Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30
0.45
0.99
1.2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
59
27
840
54
8,400
200
METHYL STYRYL CARBINOL

(See 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol)
a-METHYL -ISOPROPYL PHENYLPROPYL

ALDEHYDE
(See 2-Methyl-3-(-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde)
METHYL STYRYL KETONE

(See 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one)
METHYL SULFIDE
Dimethyl sulfide
METHYLPROTOCATECHUIC ALDEHYDE
(See Vanillin)
Chemical formula: (CH3^S

Chocolate, cocoa, coffee, fruit, molasses
METHYL PYROMUCATE
(See Methyl 2-furoate)

Caseinate (Na sols), cheese, coffee, coffee
extract, milk (skim)
4-METHYLQUINOLINE
p_- M ethylqu inoline
Lepidine

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Sirups
Chemical formula:

Butter, caramel, fruit, honey, nut

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.22
1.4
1.8
1.8
METHYL TETRADECANOATE
(See Methyl myristate)
METHYLTHEOBROMINE
(See Caffeine)
METHYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Methyl ester
161
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
0.30
1.4
1.6
0.13
0 . 50
2 - M E THY LTHIOP ROPIONALDEHYDE

- Methiopropionaldehyde

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Jellies
Chemical formula: CH3SCH2CH2CHO

Fruit, meat, cheese
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.35
0.01, 1
0.01, 1
0.66
0.62
1.9
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 94
1.3
0.50, 2.5
0 . 20
0.33
METHYL 9-UNDECENOATE
9-Undecylenic acid, Methyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CH(CH2)7COOCH3
Citrus, honey
a-METHYL TOLUALDEHYDE

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
METHYL a-TOLUATE
(See Methyl phenylacetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
6.7
22
22
METHYL 2-UNDECYNOATE
Methyl decyne carbonate
METHYL o-TOLYL ETHER

(See o- Methylanisole)

METHYL p-TOLYL KETONE
(See 4' -Methyl acetophenone)

Floral, violet
2-METHYL-3-TOLYL PROPIONALDEHYDE
(Mixed o-, m-, -)
Chemical formula: CH3 |^
^-CH2CH(CH3)CHO

Fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 5
20
15
15
METHYL VALERATE
Valeric acid, Methyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05
1
1
1

Fruit
Pineapple
2 - ME THYLUN DE ANAL
Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde
2-Methylhendecanal
Aldehyde C-l2 MNA

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)8CH(CH3)CHO

Citrus, lime, orange, tangerine, coconut,
fruit, apricot, pineapple, honey

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.1
25
28
39
METHYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Methyl ester
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.31
0.11
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2COOCH3
162
METHYL ISOVALERATE (cont'd)

Chemical formula:
Fruit
CH.,
OCH3
C(CH3)3

Pineapple
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.3
26
26
30
35

Fruit, cherry, maple, mint, nut, black walnut,
pecan, spice, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
METHYLVALERIC ACID
2-Methylpentanoic acid
CH,
Chemical formula:
.N02
NO
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.43
0.26
4.8
0.41
0.01
9
322-
MUSK KETONE
4, 6-Dinitro- 1 , 3-dimethyl-5-tert-butyl-2acetylbenzene

Chocolate
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.80
Chemical formula:
CH
N2V^V00- CH3
CH3
(CH3)3C
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE
N02
Chemical formula: COOH

Chewing gum
Candy . . .
CH(
H(CBg^COONa

Meat, spice
MUSTARD OIL
(See Allyl isothiocyanate)

Soybean, sugar beets
MYRCENE

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
61
1 , 900
2,900
130
4,300
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
45
22
Chemical formula:

Fruit, root beer, coriander
Galbanum oil, pimenta oil, orange peel (sweet
oil), palma rosa oil, hop oil, bay oil
MORELLONE
(See 3-Benzyl-4-heptanone)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
MUSK AMBRETTE
2, 6-Dinitro-3-methoxy- l-methyl-4-tertbutylbenzene
163
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.4
6.4
0.50, 13
4.9
MYRISTALDEHYDE
Tetradecanal
-NAPHTHYL ETHYL ETHER

2-Ethoxynaphthalene
Nero lin
Ethyl 2-naphthyl ether
Neroline

Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
0.06, 8
1.9
0.08, 24
0.15
23

Berry, fruit, honey, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
MYRISTIC ACID
Tetradecanoic acid
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.65
0.74
2.8
3.6
0.12

Butter, butterscotch, chocolate, cocoa, fruit
-NAPHTHYL METHYL ETHER

2-Methoxynaphthalene, Yara yara

Butter acids, oil of lovage, mace oil, cire
d'abeille (absolute)
Chemical formula:
.,

Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.3
2.6, 10
4.1
5.3
0.10
NEOFOLIONE
(See Methyl 2-nonenoate)
-NAPHTHYL ANTHRANILATE
2-Naphthyl anthranilate
NE ROL
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula:

Fruit, grape

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Citrus, neroli, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
1.1
16
19

Oil of lavender, orange leaf (absolute), palma
rosa oil, rose, neroli, oil of petitgrain

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
2-NAPHTHYL ANTHRANILATE
(See j-Naphthyl anthranilate)
164
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
3.9
16
19
1,
1.3
0 . 80
NEROLIDOL
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
OH
I
CH2CH2CCHCH3
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
6.2
22
16
25

Berry, citrus, rose, fruit
NERYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Neryl ester

Cassia (absolute)
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH(CH3)2

Citrus, fruit
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.91
0.92
3.5
2,
8

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
1.8
3.3
5.4
NEROLIN
(See -Naphthyl ethyl ether)
NERYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Neryl ester
NEROLINE
(See j|-Naphthyl ethyl ether)

Berry, citrus, apple, peach, pineapple
NEROSOL
(See Nerol)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
NERYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Neryl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.3
23
17
22
Chemical formula:
CH2OOCCH3
NERYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Neryl ester
Citrus, fruit, neroli

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
1.6
5.1
15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
23
21
21
NERYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Neryl ester
Chemical formula: (C^HÔOCCH^H^CHg
NERYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Neryl ester

Berry, chocolate, cocoa, citrus, fruit
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH2CH(CH3)2
165
NERYL ISOVALERATE (cont'd)
Chemical formula:

Berry, rose, nut

Lemon, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.97
1.6
4
5.7
CH3(CH2)7CHO

Lemon oil, rose, sweet-orange oil, mandarin,
lime, orris, ginger

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
NIPASOL
(See Propyl -hydroxybenzoate)
2,6- NONADIEN - 1 - O L
2, 6-Nonadienol
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
1.3
4.1
2.3
6.0
0.20, 3 8
Chemical formula: 2=(2)2=

2
1,3-NONANEDIOL ACETATE (mixed esters)

Acetic acid, 1 , 3-Nonanediol mixed esters

Fruit, violet, berry
Chemical formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH(OOCCH3)

CH2(CH2)4CH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01
0.05
0.05, 0.50
0.01
0.01

Berry, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-NONALACTONE
4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, y- Lactone
y-Amyl butyrolactone
Aldehyde C-l8 (so-called)
Prunolide
Coconut aldehyde
NONANOIC ACID
Chemical formula:

Berry, fruit, nut, spice
CH3(CH2)4

Cocoa, oil of lavender

Berry, coconut, fruit, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30, 1
0.50, 1
1.5, 6
1.5, 4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
14
33
55
28
15
25

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Shortening
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1-8
7.8
6.6
13
10
NONANOL ISOVALERATE
(See Nonyl isovalerate)
NONALOL
(See Nonyl alcohol)
1- NONANOL
(See Nonyl alcohol)
NONANAL
166
I
NONOIC A
(See Nonanoic acid)
2-NONANONE
Chemical formula: CH(CH^gCOCH3
Berry, rose, fruit, cheese
NONYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Nonyl ester

Rue

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.55
0.10, 1
0.40, 4
0.40, 4

Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3-NONANON-l-YL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 1 -Hydroxy- 3-nonanone ester
NONYL ALCOHOL
1-Nonanol

Fruit, spice
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.81
0.81
1.9
3.1

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30
0.30
0.80, 5
1
10

Butter, citrus, peach, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
NONANOYL 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZYLAMIDE
Pelargonyl vanillylamide
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylnonanamide
Nonanoyl vanillylamide
N-Nonanoyl vanillylamide
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.70
0.61
2
1.9
18
NONYLCARBINOL
(See 1- Decano1)
Chemical formula: CH2NHCOCH2(CH2)6CH3

NONYLIC ACID
(See Nonanoic acid)
^^
OH
0
NONYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Nonyl ester

Spice
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
10
10

Beverages .
Baked goods
N-NONANOYL VANILLYLAMIDE
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2
0.06
NONYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Nonyl ester
NONATE
(See Isoamyl nonanoate)
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)gOOCCH2CH(CH3)2
167
NONYL ISOVALERATE (cont'd)

Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Fruit, hazelnut
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
0.50
1,
2
1.4
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
4.4
3,
6.1
0.10
OCTANAL DIMETHYL ACETAL

1, l-Dimethoxyoctane
C-8 Dimethylacetal
NOPINENE
(See -Pinene)

Citrus, orange, fruit, melon, liquor, cognac
NOVATONE
(See Acetanisole)
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
OCTADECANOIC ACID
(See Stearic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.74
0.78
2.8
2.8
3
9-OCTADECENOIC ACID
(See Oleic acid)
OCTANOIC ACID
^-OCTALACTONE
4-Hydroxyoctanoic acid, y-Lactone

Butter, coconut, pineapple, honey, brandy,
cheese
Chemical formula:
CH3(CH2)3
Coconut, fruit, nut
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Sirups

Apples, cocoa, oranges, peaches, mace oil,
tea, oil of lemon, butter acids
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.8
16
16
17
15
57

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
2
13
18
12
OCTANAL
l- OCTANOL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)gCH2OH
Butter, butterscotch, chocolate, lemon,
orange, apricot, plum, cheese

Chocolate, citrus, coconut, fruit

Oil of lavender, oil of lemon, oil of lime,
oil of lovage, orange-peel sweet oil

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .

Tea, oil of sweet orange, grapefruit
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
1.6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
168
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
0.91
2.8
l- OCTANOL (cont'd)
Foods in which used (cont'd)
Baked goods
Gelatins and puddings . .
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
1.5
16, 57
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
0.30
0 . 80
0 . 60 , 0 . 80
1
2 -OCTANOL
1-OCTEN-3-OL
Amyl vinyl carbinol
Chemical formula: 3(2)5(O)g
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4CHOHCH=CH2

Nut
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Fruit, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.60
3
4
2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Soups
2-OCTANONE
Fruit, cheese

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
OCTOIC ACID
(See Octanoic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 1
0.20, 1
0.40, 4
0.40, 4
OCTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3COO(CH2)7CH3
Raspberry, apple, cherry, peach, pear, brandy
3-OCTANONE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COC5H1 j

Oil of green tea

Citrus, coffee, peach, cheese, spice
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Oil of lavender

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
1
2
6
6
6
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
10
11
11
OCTYL ALCOHOL
(See 1 -Octanol)
OCTYL ALCOHOL (secondary)

(See 2-Octanol)
3-OCTANON-l-OL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4COCH2CH2OH
pri-OCTYL ALCOHOL
(See 1 -Octanol)

Fruit, spice
169
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
0.87
4.7
6
OCTYLALDEHYDE
(See Octanal)
OCTYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5COO(CH2)7CH3
OCTYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Octyl ester

Citrus, coconut, fruit

Strawberry, butter, citrus, fruit, cherry,
melon, peach, pineapple, pumpkin, liquor,
wine

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13, 1
0.13, 1
0.13, 2
0.20, 2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.59
1.3
2.9
2.9
OCTYL OCTANOATE
Octanoic acid, Octyl ester
Citrus, grape, pineapple
OCTYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOO(CH2)7CH3
Citrus, fruit, melon, peach, liquor, wine

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
0.50, 1
0.50, 2
0.50, 2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2.4
3.5
3.5
OCTYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: ^
^ CH2COO(CH2) 7CH3

Berry, apple, banana, grape, peach, pear,
honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
1.3
Ice cream, ices
1
Candy
4,
0.20
Baked goods
4
^-OCTYL-^-BUTYROLACTONE
(See y-Dodecalactone)
OCTYL CROTONYL ACETATE

(See 1,3-Nonanediol acetate (mixed esters))
OCTYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Octyl ester
OCTYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: HCOO(CH2)7CH3

Chemical formula: CH3CH2COO(CH2)7CH3
Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, citrus, melon
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 1
1
5
7

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
170
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.84
0.57
3.6
2,
4
2-OXOPROPANOIC ACID
(See Pyruvic acid)
OCTYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Octyl ester
Chemical formula: ()22(2)7
4-OXOVALERIC ACID
(See Levulinic acid)

Berry, butter, citrus, apple, cherry, grape,
honey, nut

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PALATONE
(See Maltol)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90
0.80, 1
1,
4
1,
4
PALMITIC ACID
Hexadecanoic acid
OIL OF NIOBE
(See Methyl benzoate)

Butter, cheese
OLEIC ACID

Allspice, anise, calamus oil, cascarilla- bark
extract, celery seed, butter acids, coffee, tea
Chemical formula: CH(CH2) 7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Butter acids

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1

Seasonings

Butter, cheese, spice
PEACH ALDEHYDE
(See y-Undecalactone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25, 0.40
30
3.5
25
0.02
PELARGONALDEHYDE
(See Nonanal)
PELARGONIO ACID
(See Nonanoic acid)
OLEDSJIC ACID
(See Oleic acid)
PELARGONIC ALDEHYDE
(See Nonanal)
OP TAL
(See Propyl alcohol)
PELARGONYL VANILLYLAMIDE
ORANGER CRYSTALS
(See Methyl 0-naphthyl ketone)
C-PENTADECALACTONE
15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, to- Lactone
Cyclopentadecanolide
14-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid
Thibetolide
Angelica lactone
Exaltolide
ORCHIDEE
ORIGANOL
Chemical formula:
I
1
CH2(CH2)13CO
2-OXOPROPANAL
(See Pyruvaldehyde)

Berry, fruit, liquor, wine, nut vanilla
171
ai - PENTADECALAC TONE (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.27
0.68
1.4
1.5
0.10
0.50
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
34
32
32
4-PENTENOIC ACID
Chemical formula: CH2:CHCH2CH2COOH
PENTADECANOLIDE
(See -Pentadecalactone)

Butter, fruit
ISOPENTALDEHYDE

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Margarine
PENTANAL
(See Valeraldehyde)
2,3-PENTANEDIONE
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2
5
5
2
PENTYL ALCOHOL
(See Amyl alcohol)
Chemical formula: CH3COCOCH2CH3

Strawberry, butter, caramel, fruit, rum,
cheese
ISOPENTYL ALCOHOL

Coffee
ISOPENTYL BENZOATE
(See Isoamyl benzoate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
0.60
Ice cream, ices
3.3
Candy
5.9
Baked goods
9.6
Gelatin desserts and puddings
0.28
Toppings
0.30
PENTYL BUTYRATE
(See Amyl butyrate)
ISOPENTYL BUTYRATE
(See Isoamyl butyrate)
a- PENTYLCINNAMALDEHYDE
(See a-Amylcinnamaldehyde)
PENTANOIC ACID
(See Valeric acid)
ISOPENTYL CINNAMATE
(See Isoamyl cinnamate)
l- PENTANOL
(See Amyl alcohol)
a-PENTYLCINNAMYL ACETATE
(See a-Amylcinnamyl acetate)
2- PENTANONE
Chemical formula: CH3COCH2CH2CH3
a-PENTYLCINNAMYL ALCOHOL
(See a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol)

Fruit
Pineapple
a-PENTYLCINNAMYL FORMATE
(See a-Amylcinnamyl formate)
172
g-PENTYLCINNAMYL ISOVALERATE
(See a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate)
ISOPENTYL SALICYLATE
PENTYL FORMATE
(See Amyl formate)
ISOPENTYL ISOVALERATE
(See Isoamyl isovalerate)
ISOPENTYL FORMATE
(See Isoamyl formate)
PEPITAL
(See Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal)
ISOPENTYL 2 -Fl) RAN BUTY RATE

(See Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate)
PEPPERMINT CAMPHOR
(See Menthol)
ISOPENTYL 2-FtIRANPROPIONATE
(See Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate)
PERILLYL ALCOHOL
(See jD-Mentha- 1 , 8-dien- 7-ol)
PENTYL 2-FUROATE
(See Amyl 2-furoate)
PERUVIOL
(See Nerolidol)
PENTYL HEPTANOATE
(See Amyl heptanoate)
PETROHOL
PENTYL HEXANOATE
(See Amyl hexanoate)
a-PHELLANDRENE
Chemical formula:
ISOPENTYL HEXANOATE
(See Isoamyl hexanoate)
Citrus, spice
ISOPENTYL LAU RATE

(See Isoamyl laurate)

Allspice, star anise, angelica- root oil, bay
and bay-leaves extract, dill, fennel (sweet),
black pepper, peppermint oil, pimenta oil
ISOPENTYL NONANOATE
(See Isoamyl nonanoate)
PENTYL OCTANOATE
(See Amyl octanoate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
28
130
41

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOPENTYL OCTANOATE
(See Isoamyl octanoate)
PHENETHYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Phenethyl ester
ISOPENTYL PHENYLACETATE
(See Isoamyl phenylacetate)
Chemical formula:
ISOPENTYL PROPIONATE
(See Isoamyl propionate)
223

Berry, butter, caramel, floral, rose, fruit,
honey, vanilla
ISOPENTYL PYRUVATE
(See Isoamyl pyruvate)
173
PHENETHYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Phenethyl ester
PHENETHYL ACETATE (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
2.2
4.2
5.6

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
CH2CH2OOCCH2CH2C:-;

Strawberry, butter, caramel, floral, apple,
peach, pineapple, honey
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
8.9
13
13
PHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula: /

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
^ CH2CHgOH

Strawberry, butter, caramel, floral, fruit,
honey
Oranges, raspberries, tea
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
PHENETHYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Phenethyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
8.3
12
16
0.15
21, 80
Chemical formula:
CH2CH2OOCCH2CH2CH;

Strawberry, floral, rose, apple, peach, pine
apple, honey, cheese

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PHENETHYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Phenethyl ester
H2N
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
4
13
11
Chemical formula: ^^-CH2CH2OOC

PHENETHYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Phenethyl ester

Butter, caramel, fruit, grape, honey
Chemical formula:
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
1.9
6.2
5.8
rs- 22=
\=/
Fruit
PHENETHYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Phenethyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Chemical formula: ^^-CH2CH2OOC

Fruit, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1
2
4
3.8
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1 '
0.80
3.2
3.1
0.10
PHENETHYL 3 , 3-DIMETHYLACRYLATE
(See Phenethyl senecioate)
174
PHENETHYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Phenethyl ester
Chemical formula:

\=/
Fruit, honey
CH2CH2OOCH

Berry, apple, apricot, banana, cherry,
peach, pear, plum, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
1.3
Ice cream, ices
11
Candy
13
Baked goods
15
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
3.6
11
12
16

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PHENETHYL SALICYLATE
Salicylic acid, Phenethyl ester
PHENETHYL 2-FUROATE
2-Furoic acid, Phenethyl ester
Chemical formula: ^ J
C-CH2CH2
Chemical formula:
CH2CH2OOC
OH

Apricot, peach
X)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.03
0.03
0.03

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.75
0.67
1.5
2

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Chocolate, mushroom
PHENETHYL SENECIOATE
Phenethyl 3, 3-dimethylacrylate
Phenethyl 3-methylcrotonate
PHENETHYL 3-METHYLBUTYRATE
(See Phenethyl isovalerate)
Chemical formula
CH2CH2OOCCH=C(CH3)2

Liquor, wine
PHENETHYL 3-METHYLCROTONATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
5

Ice cream, ices . .
Candy
Alcoholic beverages
PHENETHYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Phenethyl ester
Chemical formula:
PHENETHYL TIGLATE
Tiglic acid, Phenethyl ester
222
Chemical formula

Fruit, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Maraschino cherries
...
22(3)=3

Fruit, nut
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
4.2
4.8
5.3
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PHENETHYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Phenethyl ester
175
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.80, 0.90
4.3
10
10
PHENETHYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Phenethyl ester
Chemical formula^~^-CH2CH2OOCCH2CH(CH3)2

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
2
1 . 7, 87

Apple, apricot, peach, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
PHENYLACETALDEHYDE 2,3-BUTYLENE
GLYCOL ACETAL
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.5
5.9
6.1
0.80, 45
Chemical formula:
CHCH
/""4 CHoCH
W
CHCH
Floral, fruit
PHENOXYACETIC ACID
Chemical formula: ^""^-OCHgCOOH

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.37
1
2.2
2.2
PHENYLACETALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL

Viridine
Chemical formula:
CH2CH(OCH3)2

Fruit, apricot, cherry, honey, spice
PHENOXYETHANOIC ACID
(See Phenoxyacetic acid)
2-PHENOXYETHYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, 2-Phenoxyethyl ester
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4

Candy

Fruit, honey
OCH2CH2OOCCH(CH3)2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.40
0.78
1.4
8.8
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Fruit
PHENYLACETALDEHYDE GLYCERYL ACETAL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90, 5.0
5,
30
15, 30
15, 30
Chemical formula:
a
OCH
ch9c/c*
CH2CH <
aCH
I
2
PHENYLACETALDEHYDE
about 60%
about 40%
Chemical formula: ^~^-CH2CHO

Raspberry, strawberry, apricot, cherry, peach,
honey, spice

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices

Floral, fruit

Beverages
Candy
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.68
0.75
176
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
0.06, 20
20

Fruit
PHENYLACETIC
Chemical formula.

Japanese mint, oil of neroli, black pepper
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
5.3
5.9
12
27
5.4, 11
0.10
0.10

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Liquors
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
20
0.03, 20
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Butter, chocolate, rose, honey, vanilla
4-PHENYL-3-BUTEN-2-ONE
Benzilidene acetone
Methyl styryl ketone
Benzylacetone
Chemical formula
CH=CHCOCH 3

Chocolate, cocoa, fruit, cherry, nut, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Shortening
PHENYLACROLEIN
-PHENYLACRYLIC ACID
(See Cinnamic acid)
2-PHENYLALLYL ALCOHOL
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 82
0.84
3.7
4.5
2.1
0.20
4-PHENYL-2-BUTYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 4 -Phenyl- 2 -butyl ester
PHENYLALLYL CINNAMATE
(See Cinnamyl cinnamate)
Chemical formula:
CH,
223
^-PHENYLALLYL PROPIONATE
(See Cinnamyl propionate)

Fruit, peach
4- PHENYL- 2 - BUTANOL
Chemical formula: ^

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
^ CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.12, 0.90
0.60, 6
1.5, 15
1.5, 15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
3,
0.10
3
3
3,
0.50
2-PHENYL-m-DIOXAN-5-OL
(See Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal)
PHENYL CARBINOL
4-PHENYL-3-BUTEN-2-OL
Chemical formula
PHENYL DIMETHYL CARBINYL ISOBUTYRATE

(See a,a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate)
CH=CHCHOHCH
177
1 - PHENYLETHANOL
(See Of-Methylbenzyl alcohol)
2-PHENYLETHYL PHENYLACETATE
(See Phenethyl phenylacetate)
2-PHENYLETHYL ACETATE
(See Phenethyl acetate)
2-PHENYLETHYL PROPIONATE
(See Phenethyl propionate)
a- PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL
(See a-Methylbenzyl alcohol)
2-PHENYLETHYL SALICYLATE
(See Phenethyl salicylate)
- PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL
2-PHENYLETHYL SENECIOATE
2-PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL
2-PHENYLETHYL TIGLATE
(See Phenethyl tiglate)
2-PHENYLETHYL ANTHRANILATE
(See Phenethyl anthranilate)
2-PHENYLETHYL ISOVALERATE
(See Phenethyl isovalerate)
2-PHENYLETHYL BENZOATE
(See Phenethyl benzoate)
PHENYLFORMIC ACID
(See Benzoic acid)
2-PHENYLETHYL BUTYRATE
(See Phenethyl butyrate)
0- PHENYLGLYCOLIC ACID
2-PHENYLETHYL ISOBUTYRATE
(See Phenethyl isobutyrate)
PHENYLIUM
PHENYL ETHYL CARBINOL

(See 1-Phenyl- 1-propanol)
PHENYL METHANOL
2-PHENYLETHYL CINNAMATE
(See Phenethyl cinnamate)
1- PHENYL-3-METHYL-3-PENTANOL
Chemical formula:
2-PHENYLETHYL FORMATE
(See Phenethyl formate)
CHg
\-CH2CH2COH
32
2-PHENYLETHYL 2-FUROATE
(See Phenethyl 2-furoate)

Fruit
PHENYLETHYL METHYL CARBINOL

(See 4-Phenyl-2-butanol)

Beverages
Candy
Gelatin desserts
PHENYLETHYL METHYL CARBINYL

ACETATE
(See 4 -Phenyl- 2 -butyl acetate)
1 - PHENYL- 2 - PENTANOL
PHENYLETHYL METHYL ETHYL CARBINOL

( Se e 1 - Phe nyl - 3- methyl-3-pe ntanol)
178
Approx. Av.
Maximum ppm
0.16
0.16
0.60
Chemical formula..rv CH(CH)CHO
2 - PHENYLP ROPANAL

Berry, rose, apricot, cherry, peach, plum,
almond
1 - PHENYL- 1 - PROPANOL
Chemical formula: ^
^-CH(OH)CH2CH3

Fruit, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.50
1.5
1.5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.61
0.30
0 . 85
0.85

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3-PHENYLPROPIONALDEHYDE
Hyd roc innam aldehyde
Chemical formula: ^
2 - PHENYL- 1 - PROPANOL
(See /-Methylphenethyl alcohol)
22

Berry, cherry, peach, plum, almond,
cinnamon
3- PHENYL- 1 - PROPANOL
Chemical formula:
CH2CH2CH2OH

Strawberry, apricot, peach, plum, hazelnut,
pistachio, cinnamon, walnut
Tea

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Caridy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1.7
5
5.5
4.3

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
2-PHENYLPROPIONALDEHYDE DIMETHYL
ACETAL
Hydratropaldehyde dimethyl acetal
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.73
1.4
2.8
3.3
5.0
4.3
Chemical formula:
CH(CH3)CH(OCH3)2

Berry, floral, rose, fruit, honey, mushroom,
nut, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
3 - PHENYLPROPENAL
3-PHENYLPROPENOIC ACID
(See Cinnamic acid)
3- PHENYL- 2-PROPEN-l-OL
(See innamyl alcohol)
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.26
0.51
1.5
3.1
5
5
3-PHENYLPROP IONIC ACID

Chemical formula:
^ J- CH2CH2COOH
- rv
3- PHENYL- 2 -PROPENYL PROPANOATE

(See Cinnamyl propionate)

Fruit, cheese
2-PHENYLPROPIONALDEHYDE

Raspberries
179
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1
2
2.
3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.02, 1
0.48, 1
0.80, 4
17
1.2
1
2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatins
Toppings
Dairy products
2-PHENYLPROPYL ISOBUTYRATE
Hydratropyl isobutyrate
Of-Phenylpropyl alcohol, Isobutyric ester
Chemical formula: ^
3-PHENYLPROPYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula:

Fruit
CH2CH2CHgOOCCH3

Berry, fruit, spice
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
CH(CH3)CH2OOCCH(CH3l

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
4.8
4.6
6.3
10
0.10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
20
20
3-PHENYLPROPYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
(2)()2

Apple, apricot, peach, pear, pineapple, plum
Chemical formula
PHENYLPROPYL ALCOHOL
(See 3-Phenyl-l-propanol)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
a- PHENYLPROPYL ALCOHOL, BUTYRIC

ESTER
a- PHENYLPROPYL ALCOHOL, ISOBUTYRIC

ESTER
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
3
5
5.8
3-PHENYLPROPYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula:
PHENYLPROPYL ALDEHYDE
(See Hydrocinnamaldehyde)
(CH2)3OOCCH=CH
oa- PHENYLPROPYL BUTYRATE
(See a-Ethylbenzyl butyrate)

Butter, caramel, chocolate, cocoa, coconut,
grape, spice
2-PHENYLPROPYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, 2-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula: / V-CH(CH3)CH2OOC(CH2)2
\=/ CH3
None listed

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
4.1
4.3
5.3
180
3-PHENYLPROPYL FORMATE
Formic acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula: /
Chemical formula: ^
^-(CHÔOCC^CH(C^Jg

Butter, caramel, apple, pear, nut
^- (2)3

Currant, raspberry, butter, caramel,
apricot, peach, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
1.3
Ice cream, ices
0.90, 1.5
Candy
3,
5
Baked goods
2.7

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90
0.90
1.8
1.7
a-PINENE
Chemical formula:
3-PHENYLPROPYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula: ^

Lemon, nutmeg
^(CHgÔOC(CH2^CH3

Fruit

Angelica- root oil, anise, star anise, asafoetida
oil, coriander, cumin, common fennel, grape
fruit, juniper berries, laurel-leaves oil, oil of
lavender, oil of lime, mandarin, orange leaf
(absolute), black pepper, peppermint oil, pimento
oil, yarrow (herb)
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
16, 54
Ice cream, ices
64
Candy
48
Baked goods
160
Condiments
150, 2.6
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.67
1.3
3.3
3.7

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3-PHENYLPROPYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
Chemical formula: ^^-(CHgÔOCCH2CH3
Apricot
g-PINENE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.49
0.52
2
2.4
0.80,50

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula:

Citrus
2 - ( 3 - PHENYLPROPYL) TETRAHYDROFU RAN

2- Hydrocinnamyl tetrahydrofuran
Chemical formula:

Black-currant buds, coriander, cumin, black
pepper, yarrow (herb)
I
1

vo-^c2c2c2-/j
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Fruit, honey, maple
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
2
0.03, 2
2-PINENE
(See a-Pinene)
2
2.3
2(10)-PINENE
(See j8-Pinene)
3- PHENYLPROPYL ISOVALE RATE

Isovaleric acid, 3-Phenylpropyl ester
181
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05, 16
64
48, 600
48, 600
PIPERIDINE
PIPERONAL
Chemical formula
-
Chemical formula:

Spice

Strawberry, cola, cherry, rum, maple, nut,
vanilla

Black pepper

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Soups
Condiments
- CHO
2 W

Vanilla, black pepper
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
5
0.05, 5
0.05
0.05
0.05
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
7
7.4
18
5.8
36
PIPERINE
PIPERONYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Piperonyl ester
Chemical formula:
"(~=="(
/
Chemical formula:
CH2OOCCH3
CH

Celery soda

Fruit

Black pepper

Beverages
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
27, 50
80, 110
70, 80
55. 80

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01
d-PIPERITONE
PIPERONYL ALDEHYDE
(See Piperonal)
Chemical formula:
PIPERONYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Piperonyl ester

Fruit, mint, spice
Chemical formula:
Japanese mint

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
^-2()2

Fruit, cheese
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
11
18
18
18

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
182
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05, 1
0.05
0.05, 3.5
0.10, 3.5
PIPEROYLPIPERIDENE
(See Piperine)
2-PROPENYL HEXANOATE
(See Allyl hexanoate)
PROPANAL
4-PROPENYLVERATROLE
(See Isoeugenyl methyl ether)
PROPANOIC ACID
PROPIONALDEHYDE
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CHO
Fruit
ISOPROPANOL

Apples, onions
1- PROPANOL

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2 -PROPANOL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
12
11
13
1 - PROPENE - 1 . 2 , 3-tri-CARBOXYLIC ACID

(See Aconitic acid)
PROPIONIC ACID
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOH
2- PROPENE- 1 -THIOL

Butter, fruit
g- PROPENYLANISOLE
(See Anethole)

Apples, strawberries, tea, violet leaves
(absolute)
2 - PROPENYL- 6-ETHOXYPHENOL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Cheese
PROPENYLGUAETHOL
6 -Ethoxy-m- anol
Chemical formula: CH3CH2O-^
^-CH=CHCH3
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2, 5.8
6
14
20
600
HO
PROPYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Propyl ester

Chocolate, maple, nut, vanilla
Chemical formula: CH3COO(C^^CH3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Chocolate
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.9
6.3
20
20
2.5
25

Berry, currant, raspberry, strawberry, apple,
cherry, peach, pineapple, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
4-PROPENYLGUAIACOL
(See Isoeugenol)
183
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
16
12
14
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Isopropyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CHOHCH3

Chemical formula: CH3COOCH(CH3)2
Raspberry, banana, root beer, cinnamon,
ginger, vanilla

Fruit, liquor, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
16
17
58
75

Apples
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
25
10, 75
75

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
PROPYLACETIC ACID
(See Valeric acid)
PROPYL ALDEHYDE
ISOPROPYLACETIC ACID
- PROPYL ANISOLE
- ISOPROPYLACETOPHENONE
Chemical formula: CHgO-^

^- .,
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH^

Licorice, root beer, spice, vanilla, wintergreen,
birch beer

Fruit, honey

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Pickle
^-CH2CH2CH3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08
0.10
0.50
1
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.3
9.9
64
67

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
- ISOPROPYL BENZALDEHYDE
(See Cuminaldehyde)
PROPYL 3-(2-FURYL) ACRYLATE
(See Propyl 2-furanacrylate)
PROPYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Propyl ester
PROPYL ALCOHOL
1- Propanol
Chemical formula: /
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2OH
^ 22

Fruit

Fruit
Cognac (green oil), cognac (white oil), onion
oil

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
11
44
33
33

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 5
0.50
0 . 50
0.65
ISOPROPYL BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Isopropyl ester
Chemical formula
184
COOCH(CH3)2
PROPYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Propyl ester
ISOPROPYL BENZOATE (cont'd)

Berry

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: (CHg)2CHCOOCH2CH2CH3

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
1
1
1

Strawberry, banana, pineapple, plum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.8
4.8
24
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
-ISOPROPYLBENZYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH -^~^-CH2OH
ISOPROPYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Isopropyl ester

Berry, fruit, liquor, spice
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCOOCH(CH3)2

Cumin, caraway seeds

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Pineapple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
0.47
33
35
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12, 25
18, 25
58, 100
60, 100

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PROPYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Propyl ester
PROPYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Propyl ester
Chemical formula: CH(CH2)2COOCH2CH2CHg

Chemical formula:
Strawberry, banana, pineapple, plum, tutti
frutti, liquor, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH=CHCOOCH2CH2CHg

Berry, floral, rose, apple, grape, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.8
4.6
24
16

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOPROPYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Isopropyl ester
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.6
2.9
4.9
4.3
0.07
ISOPROPYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Isopropyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2

Chemical formula:
Berry, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH=CHCOOCH(CH3)2

Berry, raspberry, fruit, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.7
21
39
39

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
185
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.52
0.75
1.3
2.3
ISOPROPYL-o- CRESOL
(See Carvacrol)

Chocolate, mushroom
PROPYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Propyl ester

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Chemical formula: HCOOCH2CH2CH3

Berry, apple, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.03
0.03
0.20
PROPYL GALLATE
Gallic acid, Propyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
57
65
85
Chemical formula:
HO.
HO
COOCH2CH2CH3
HO^

Lemon, lime, fruit, spice
ISOPROPYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Isopropyl ester
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chemical formula: HCOOCH(CH3)2

Berry, melon

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18, 25
18, 25
55, 100
60, 100
PROPYL HEPTANOATE
Heptanoic acid, Propyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5COOCH2CH2CH3
Berry, coffee, fruit, cognac, rum
ISOPROPYLFORMIC ACID
(See Isobutyric acid)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Liqueurs
Baked goods
PROPYL 2-FURANACRYLATE
2- Furanacrylic acid, Propyl ester
Chemical formula:
n H H
OLi
C-COOCH2CH2CH3
Coffee, honey

Beverages
Candy . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08
0.05
0.16
0.97
0.03
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.8
5.1
5.9
3
18
PROPYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Propyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
0.03
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4COOCH2CH2CH3

Pineapple
PROPYL 2-FUROATE
2-Furoic acid, Propyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Chemical formula
^^223
186
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.2
3
8

Berry, onion
ISOPROPYL HEXANOATE
Hexanoic acid, Isopropyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.5
0.1
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)4COOCH(CH3)2

Baked goods
Pickles . .

Pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
5.5, 10
20, 40
20, 40
PROPYL METHOXYBENZENE
(See - Propyl anisole)
PROPYLPARABEN
- ISOPROPYL HYDROCINNAM ALDEHYDE

(See 3-(- Isopropyl) phenyl propionaldehyde)
PROPYLPARASEPT
PROPYL 2-HYDROXYBENZOATE
Propylparaben
Nipasol
Propylparasept
Chemical formula: HO
a-PROPYLPHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Chemical formula:
COOCH2CH2CH3
CH2CHOH(CH2)2CH3

Fruit

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
5
5
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Puddings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20, 32
130
96
96
^-ISOPROPYL PHENYLACETALDEHYDE
(See 3 -Methyl- 2 -phenylbutyraldehyde)
PROPYLIC ALCOHOL
.p-ISOPROPYLPHENYLACETALDEHYDE
-Cymene- 7-carboxaldehyde
3 - PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE
Chemical formula: (3)2-^~^-2
HCH2 CH3
Chemical formula:

Fruit
Fruit, spice

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.50
0 . 50

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5
5
PROPYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Propyl ester
Chemical formula: /
^ 222
PROPYL MERCAPTAN
Butter, caramel, rose, fruit, honey
Chemical formula: CH3-CH2-CH2-SH

187
PROPYL PHENYLACETATE (cont'd)

Fruit, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30, 1
0.30, 1.5
2.7
1,
5

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOPROPYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Isopropyl ester
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.7
5, 50
40, 50
30, 50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PROPYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Propyl ester
CH2COOCH(CH3)2
oFlavors in which used:

Butter, caramel, honey

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: (CH^CHCHÔOCH^H^Hj

Strawberry, apple, banana, peach
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20, 0.50
1.8
0.50, 8
3,
8
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
16
17
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3-lp- ISOPROPYL) PHENYL PROPIONALDEHYDE

Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH/
V 22
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2COOCH(CH3)2

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
SOPROPYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Isopropyl ester

Pineapple, nut
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.80
0.80
1.3
3
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
3.4
11
11

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PROPYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Propyl ester
PRUNOLIDE
(See y-Nonalactone)
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3

Banana, cherry, melon, peach, pineapple,
plum, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOPULEGOL
Chemical formula:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
12
25
25
^^<DH

Berry, mint

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ISOPROPYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Isopropyl ester
Chemical formula: CH3CH2COOCH(CH3)2
188
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.4
29
23
23
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
0.02, 0.12
0.40
0.40
PULEGONE
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:

Peppermint

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
PYROMUCIC ALDEHYDE
(See Furfural)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
8
5,
32
17,
24, 25
PYRORACEMIC ACID
(See Pyruvic acid)
PYRUVALDEHYDE
ISOPULEGONE
Chemical formula: CH3COCHO
Chemical formula:

Coffee, honey, maple

Berry, fruit, mint

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
12
16
16
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1
0.03, 5
0.03, 5
PYRUVIC ACID
Chemical formula: CHgCOCOOH
ISOPULEGYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Isopulegyl ester

Coffee, rum
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH3

(See Isopulegol)

Coffee

Berry, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25
0.25, 20
27
30
110

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.8
22
19
19
PYRUVIC ALDEHYDE
(See Pyruvaldehyde)
PYRIDINE
Chemical formula:
QUININE BISULFATE
0
Chemical formula:

Chocolate
H*
CH(OH)
hso4~
,7H20
-CH=CH2
CH3O
Coffee
(C20H24N2O2.H2SO4.7H2O)
189
RHODINAL
(See Citronellal)
QUININE BISULFATE (cont'd)

Bitters
RHODINOL
Commercial Rhodinol is largely _l-Citronellol
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
95, 100

Beverages
Chemical formula:
CHoOH
i
.
QUININE HYDROCHLORIDE
Chemical formula: C20H24N2O2 .HC1.2H20

Strawberry, chocolate, rose, grape, honey,
spice, ginger ale

Bitters, citrus, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
110

Beverages

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jelly
QUININE SULFATE
Chemical formula: (C20H24N2O2)2 .H2S04 . 7H20
Bitters
RHODINYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Rhodinyl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100

Beverages
Chemical formula: (C10Hlg)OOCCH3

(See Rhodinol)
Berry, coconut, apricot, floral, rose, honey
ISOQUINOLINE
Chemical formula:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2.1
7.6
8.1
2.9
31
0.92
f
N

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Vanilla

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.25
0.25
1
0.004, 1
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
1.4
9.4
18
RHODINYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Rhodinyl ester
Chemical formula: (C10H19)OOC(CH2)2CH 3
Raspberry, strawberry, fruit
RACEMIC ACID
(See Tartaric acid (d-, 1-, di-, meso-))

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
RALDEINE ^
(See Methyl-a-ionone)
(See Methyl--ionone)
RESORCINOL DIMETHYL ETHER

(See m - Dimethoxybenzene)
190
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 94
1.1
3
9.7
1.1
RHODINYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Rhodinyl ester
RHODINYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Rhodinyl ester
Chemical formula: (C10Hjg)OOCCH(CH3)2
Chemical formula: (C1()H19)OOCCH2CH(CH3)2

Raspberry, floral, rose, apple, pear,
pineapple, honey

Berry, rose, fruit
.Foods in which used:

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.8
3.3
4.5
0.01
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2.3
7.2
7.2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
RUM ETHER
Ethyl oxyhydrate
RHODINYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Rhodinyl ester
Chemical formula:
Chemical formula: (C10H19)OOCH

Raspberry, rose, apple, cherry, plum, pear,
pineapple

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
1.8
4.3
4.9
0.08

Butter, liquor, rum
RHODINYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Rhodinyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Chemical formula: (C10H19)OOCCH2-^^

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
A mixture, defined as follows:

Rum ether shall consist of at
least 99% water, ethanol, ethyl
acetate, methanol, ethyl formate,
acetone, acetaldehyde, and
formaldehyde. It shall all dis
till at a temperature not ex
ceeding 100C at atmospheric
pressure and shall leave no
residue on evaporation. The
methanol and formaldehyde con
tents, combined, shall not exceed
5%.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
1.2
3.8
4.4
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
67
110
320
230
1.7
3 80
80, 1 , 600
SALICYLALDEHYDE
RHODINYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Rhodinyl ester
Chemical formula: &
J CHO
ÔH
Chemical formula: (C10Hjg)OOCCH2CH3

Butter, caramel, violet, fruit, muscatel, nut,
spice, cinnamon, cassia, vanilla

Berry, rose, plum, honey

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
2.4
4.9
5.8

Cassia-bark extract
191
SALICYLALDEHYDE (cont'd)

Butter, caramel, fruit, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.55
1.1
1.8
6.3
11, 18
2
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Liqueurs
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1 .
0.95
2
2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
SKATOLE
SALICYLIC ETHER
(See Ethyl salicylate)
Chemical formula:
.CH,
Qj
SANTALOL (a-,-)

Berry, grape, cheese, nut
22=2
Chemical formula:
CH,

Floral, fruit
Sandalwood oil

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0 . 75
1
0.78
0.80
0.01
0.10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.06, 2
0.35, 2
1,
10
1,
8
SODIUM BENZOATE
Benzoic acid, Sodium salt
Chemical formula:
COONa

Berry, raspberry, lemon, orange, fruit, cherry,
liquor, tobacco
SANTALYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Santalyl ester
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

(See Santalol)
Floral, pear, pineapple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.53
0.78
2
2
2.3
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
350
39
350
300
12
SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER

(See Ethyl nitrite)
STEARIC ACID
Octadecanoic acid
SANTALYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, Santalyl ester

Butter, vanilla
Chemical formula: (C15H23)OOCCH2

Butter acids, cascarilla- bark extract
192
STEARIC ACID (cont'd)

Beverages
Baked goods
Candy
TANNIC ACID
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
10
3.5
4,000
Chemical formula: C^gH^C^

Butter, caramel, fruit, brandy, maple, nut
Cherry, wild-bark extract, coffee, tea, yerba
santa (fluid extract)
STRAWBERRY ALDEHYDE

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
STYRACIN
(See Cinnamyl cinnamate)
STYRALYL ACETATE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1 . 1 , 45
160
0.20, 100
40
1,000, 6.0
TANNIN
(See Tannic acid)
STYRALYL ALCOHOL
(See a-Methylbenzyl alcohol)
TARTARIC ACID
(d-, 1-, di-, meso-)
STYRALYL BUTYRATE
(See a-Methylbenzyl butyrate)
Chemical formula: HOOCCHOHCHOHCOOH

Butter, caramel, coconut, coffee, chocolate,
cherry, grape, peach, pineapple, rum, walnut,
ginger beer
STYRALYL ISOBUTYRATE
(See a-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate)
STYRALYL FORMATE
(See a-Methylbenzyl formate)

Coffee, grape juice
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
STYRALYL PROPIONATE
(See a-Methylbenzyl propionate)
STYROLENE ACETATE
STYRYL CARBINOL
1 , 4( 8) - TE RPADIENE
(See Terpinolene)
SUCROSE OCTAACETATE
4-TERPINENOL
Chemical formula: (C12H1403)(OOCCH3)8
a-TERPINEOL

Bitters, spice, ginger ale
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.35, 20
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
960
570
5,400
1,300
60
10,000

Berry, lemon, lime, orange, lilac, peach,
frankfurter, anise, ginger, nutmeg
SWEET SPIRIT OF NITRE

(See Ethyl nitrite)
193
a-TERPINEOL (cont'd)
TERPINYL ANTHRANILATE
Anthranilic acid, Terpinyl ester

Cardamom, sweet orange, petitgrain, lovage,
lemon, lime, marjoram, mace, black-currant
buds, grapefruit, strawberries, orange leaf
(absolute), orange-peel sweet oil, peels of
citrus macrocarpa bunge, laurel- leaves oil,
star anise, cassie, erigeron oil, petitgrain
oil
Chemical formula: (C1QH17)OOC
H2N^
Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.4
16
14
19
12, 16
40
38

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
1.5, 2.6
6.3
6
TERPINYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Terpinyl ester
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOC(CH2)2CH3
TERPINOLENE
Fruit
Chemical formula:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Citrus, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
64
0.12, 48
49

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.4
9.2
11
9.5
210
TERPINYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, Terpinyl ester
Chemical formula: (C^Hj 7)OOCCH(CH3)2
TERPINYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Terpinyl ester

Fruit
Chemical formula:
OOCCH4

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, lime, orange, cherry, peach, plum,
meat
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90, 2.4
5
4,
15
5,
15
TERPINYL CINNAMATE
Cinnamic acid, Terpinyl ester

Cardamom
Chemical formula: (CiqH1 7)OOCCH=CH

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.5
3.2
9.9
15
14, 260
15
1.7, 40

Fruit
194
TERPINYL CINNAMATE (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
TETRADECANOIC ACID
(See Myristic acid)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
2.6
6
6
TETRADECYL ALDEHYDE
TETRAHYDRO-2- FURANCARBINOL
(See Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol)
TERPINYL FORMATE
Formic acid, Terpinyl ester
TETRAHYDRO-2 - FURANMETHANOL
Chemical formula: (C1()H17)OOCH

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, Tetrahydrofurfuryl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 3
2.6, 5
6,
10
6,
10
1
Chemical formula:
23
Fruit, honey, maple
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
1.3
8
20, 1
20, 1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Fruit
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL
TERPINYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Terpinyl ester

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
2.6, 3
6,
10
6,
10
Chemical formula:
^ ^ 2
Coffee, nut
TERPINYL ISOVALERATE
Isovaleric acid, Terpinyl ester

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula: (C10H17)OOCCH2CH(CH3)2
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.03, 14
0.03
0.03, 18
0.04

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL BUTYRATE
Butyric acid, Tetrahydrofurfuryl ester
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 5
2.6, 5
6,
10
6,
10
Chemical formula
' QCH2ooc(CH2>2c3
Fruit
TETRADECANAL
195

Berry, citrus, fruit, liquor
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL BUTYRATE (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.90
6
15
15

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
2.7
5.6
5.6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL PROPIONATE
Propionic acid, Tetrahydrofurfuryl ester
4-(2, 5, 6, 6-TETRAMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN1-YU-3-BUTEN-2-ONE
(See a-Irone)
Chemical formula
223
TETRAMETHYL ETHYLCYCLOHEXENONE
(Mixture of isomers)

Chocolate, honey, maple
Chemical formula: *^><^
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3,2
8
1,
20
1,
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
1/3
^^C/
2/3

Butter, caramel, fruit
TETRAHYDRO- 2 - FURYLMETHANOL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
TETRAHYDROGERANIOL
(See 3, 7-Dimethyl-l -octanol)
TETRAHYDRO-pseudo-IONONE
TETRYL FORMATE
(See Isobutyl formate)
Chemical formula:
CHgCHgCH2COCHg
THEINE
(See Caffeine)

Berry, fruit
THIBETOLIDE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.60, 2.4
14
14

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2-THIENYL MERCAPTAN
2-Thienylthiol
Chemical formula:
TETRAHYDROLINALOOL
OL
^SH
Coffee
Chemical formula:

Coffee
4 OH
196
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
30
30
30
2-THIENYL MERCAPTAN (cont'd)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.10

Candy . . .
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08, 6
6,
8
12, 15
12, 15

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
THIOALLYL ETHER
(See Allyl sulfide)
TOLUALDEHYDES
(Mixed o-, m-, -)
CHO
Chemical formula: CH,

{O
THYME CAMPHOR
(See Thymol)

Berry, loganberry, fruit, cherry, muscatel,
peach, apricot, nut, almond, vanilla
THYMOL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Maraschino cherries
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CH-<^^- CH3

Citrus, fruit, peppermint, spice
Dittany of Crete (oil), oil of lavender,
origanum oil (extract), thyme
a-TOLUENETHIOL
(See Benzyl mercaptan)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5, 11
44
9.4
5,
6.5
100

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
. . .
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
11
16
25
28
8.3
430
100
a-TOLUIC ACID
(See Phenylacetic acid)
a-TOLUIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER

(See Ethyl phenylacetate)
ISOTHYMOL
(See Carvacrol)
a-TOLUIC ALDEHYDE
a- TO LU ALDEHYDE
- TOLYLACETALDEHYDE
-Methylphenylacetaldehyde
TOLUALDEHYDE GLYCERYL ACETAL
(Mixed o-, m-, -)

Honey, nut
Chemical formula:
V
V-CHC
\=/
2
2
and ('
VCH
CHOH
\=/
\q-

Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
2
about 60%
about 40%

Chocolate, fruit, cherry, coconut vanilla
197
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
0.03, 2
2
o-TOLYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, o-Tolyl ester

Fruit
Chemical formula: \ OOCCH.,

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CH 3
Butter, caramel, fruit, cherry, honey
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
2.6
11
9,
10
1
0.30, 220

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 4
0.05
0.12, 6
0.127
-TOLYL DODECANOATE
-TOLYL LAU RATE

Dodecanoic acid, -Tolyl ester
Chemical formula: OOC(CH2)10CH3
p-TOLYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, -Tolyl ester
CH,
Chemical formula:
OCOCH,
i
3
Miscellaneous
CH,
Beverages
Ice cream , ices
Candy
Baked goods

Butter, caramel, fruit, honey, nut, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 1
1.3
4.3
4.4
0.30, 220
10

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1
2
2
-TOLYL PHENYLACETATE
Phenylacetic acid, -Tolyl ester
Chemical formula: CH. hQhoocch2H0
Butter, caramel, fruit, honey, nut
4 - (- TO LY L) - 2 - BU TANONE
Chemical formula: . CH3-^

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
yCH2CH2COCH3

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
1.5
6
6
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
0.87
4.8
5.4
2 - (- TOLYL) - P ROPIONALDEHYDE
2-(-Tolyl) pro panal)
Chemical formula: CH3^~^-CH(CH3)CHO
Caraway
-TOLYL ISOBUTYRATE
Isobutyric acid, ja-Tolyl ester
Chemical formula: (^^>c3
198
2 -(g- TOLYL) -PROPIONALDEHYDE (cont'd)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
13
Ice cream, ices
47
Candy
1 80
Baked goods
230
10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.005

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
2,6, 6-TRIMETHYLBICYCLO-(3 . 1 . P-2-HEPTENE

(See a-Pinene)
TONKA LIDE
(See y-Hexalactone)
l-(2, 6, 6-TRMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENE-l-YL)1, 6-HEPTADIEN-3-ONE
(See Allyl Of- ionone)
TRIBUTYL ACETYLCITRATE
Acetylcitric acid, Tributyl ester
Chemical formula:
CH2COOC4Hg
CH3
4-(2, 6,6-TRIMETHYL-l-CYCLOHEXEN-l-YL)3-BUTEN-2-ONE
(See j^-Ionone)
C-COOC.HQ
j
4 9
249
4-(2, 6, 6-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-l-YL)3-BUTEN-2-ONE
(See a- Ionone)

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.40

Beverages
4-(2, 6, 6-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN- 1-YL)3-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ONE

(See a-Isomethylionone)
2-TRIDECENAL
5-(2,6, 6-TRIMETHYL-l-CYCLOHEXEN-l-YL)4-PENTEN-3-ONE
(See Methyl--ionone)

Citrus, fruit
5-(2, 6, 6-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN- l-YL)4-PENTEN-3-ONE

(See Methyl-a- ionone)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10, 0.30
1.6, 6
4,
6
4,
6
0.10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
5-(2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-3-CYCLOHEXEN-l- YD4-PENTEN-3-ONE
(See Methyl J>- ionone)
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Citric acid, Triethyl ester
Chemical formula:
1,3, 7-TRIMETHYL-2,6-DIOXOPURINE
(See Caffeine)
CH2COOCH2CH3
3,7, ll-TRIMETHYL-l,6, 10-DODECATRIEN-3-OL
(See Nerolidol)
23
223
3,7, ll-TRIMETHYL-2, 6, 10-DODECATRIEN- 1 -OL

(See Farnesol)

Berry, blueberry, butter, butterscotch, citrus,
fruit, cherry, honey
199
1,3,3 - TRIMETHYL- 2 - NORBORNANOL


Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
56
d- 1, 3, 3 -TRIMETHYL- 2 -NORBORNANONE
(See d-Fenchone)
1-UNDECANOL
(See Undecyl alcohol)
1,3,7- TRIMETHYLXANTHINE
(See Caffeine)
2-UNDECANONE
2,3-UNDECADIONE
Chemical formula: CH3CO(CH2)gCH3
Chemical formula: CH3COCO(CH2)7CH3

Citrus, coconut, peach, cheese

Butter

Rue, hops oil
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
3
3
3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
9-UNDECENAL
y-UNDECALACTONE
4-Hydroxyundecanoic acid, y- Lactone
y-Undecyl lactone
y-Heptyl butyrolactone
Aldehyde C-14 pure (so-called)
Peach aldehyde
Chemical formula: CH3CH=CH(CH2)7CHO

Citrus, nut
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chemical formula:
3(2)
Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.4
3
11
7.1
7.5
90
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.8
4.2
4.5
4.6
10-UNDECENAL
Chemical formula: CH2=CH(CH2)8CHO
Citrus, floral, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
UNDECANAL
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)gCHO
Lemon, lime, orange, rose, fruit, honey

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
0.54
2.6
3.1
5
UNDECENYL ACETATE
(See 10-Undecen-l-yl acetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.95
3.1
2
200
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05, 1
0.20
0.20
10-UNDECEN- 1-YL ACETATE

Acetic acid, 10-Undecen- 1-yl ester

Fruit, nut
Chemical formula: 3=(2)72

Coffee extract

Citrus, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
15
12
12

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
5
4.2
5.4
ISOVALE RALDEHYDE
UNDECYL ALCOHOL
1-Undecanol
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)gCH2OH
VALERIANIC ACID

Lemon, lime, orange, rose
VALERIC ACID

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
15
12
12

Butter, butterscotch, fruit, rum, cheese
Apples, cocoa, coffee, oil of lavender, peaches,
strawberries
UNDECYLENIACETATE
(See 10-Undecen- 1-yl acetate)
UNDECYLENIC ALDEHYDE
(See 9-Undecenal)
UNDECYLIC ALDEHYDE
(See Undecanal)
^-UNDECYL LACTONE
(See y-Undecalactone)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
1.8
2.5
8
VALERIC ACID (active)

ISOVALERIC ACID
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2COOH
VALERAL
(See Valeraldehyde)
ISOVALERAL

Fruit, rum, cheese, nut
Bay and bay leaves, coffee, lemons, tea, parsley
family, peppermint oil, oil of lavender, oil of
lovage
VALE RALDEHYDE
Pentanal
Chemical formula: g(2)3

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Cheese
201
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
14
12
5.5
2.4
VALERIC ALDEHYDE
(See Vale raidehyde)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Candy
200
Baked goods
220
120.
Chewing gum
270
Sirups
20,000, 330
Toppings
150
Margarine
0.20
Chocolate products ....
970
ISOVALERIC ALDEHYDE
2- VALERO LACTONE
4-Hydroxypentanoic acid, y- Lactone
3 - Me thylbu tyrolactone
3- Valerolac tone
VANILLIN ACETATE
Acetic acid, Vanillin ester
Chemical formula:
CH3'^CrÔ
Chemical formula: CH3COO$

Vanilla
CH3O
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
20
50
50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
\-CHO

Spice, vanilla
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
11
11
28
28

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
3- VALERO LACTONE
(See y- Vale rolac tone)
VANILLIN METHYL ETHER

VALIDOL
(Menthyl isovalerate)
VERATRALDEHYDE
VANAY
(See (tri-) Acetin)
Chemical formula: -if

N)-CHO
-Q-<
CH3O
VANILLAL

Fruit, nut, vanilla
VANILLIC ALDEHYDE
(See Vanillin)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
VANILLIN
Chemical formula:
HOV
\-CHO
CH3O
VERATRIC ALDEHYDE

Butter, chocolate, fruit, root beer, vanilla
Vanilla

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
VINEGAR NAPHTHA
(See Ethyl acetate)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
63
95
p-VINYLGUAIACOL
(See 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol)
202
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9
9.2
32
30
15
VIOLET ALPINE,. OIL

( See 2 -M ethyl- 3 - (- iso propylphenyl)
propionaldehyde)
VIRIDINE
(See Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal)
ZINGERONE
CH3O
Fruit, root beer, sarsaparilla, spice,
ginger ale, wintergreen, birch beer
Oil of ginger, ginger, oleoresin

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Chewing gum . . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.9
7.8
11
11
15
ZINGIBERONE
(See Zingerone)
203
GROUP 11
FLAVORING AGENTS
Sub-Group :
Spices, Herbs, Essential Oils, and Plant Extractives
ABSINTHIUM
(See Wormwood)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
120
2,
1.5
2
1 , 400
40
1,000
670

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
ABSINTHIUM, EXTRACT
(See Wormwood, extract)
ABSINTHIUM, OIL
(See Wormwood, oil)
ALLSPICE, OIL
AGROPYRUM
(See Doggrass, extract)
Botanical name:
ALCANNIN, EXTRACT
(See Alkanet root, extract)

Berry, cola, peach, rum, sausage, nut, all
spice, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, egg-nog
ALFALFA, EXTRACT
Botanical name: Medicago sativa
Lindl.

Cola, liquors, maple

Beverages
Cordials .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
200
ALKANET ROOT, EXTRACT

Alkannin, extract
Anchusin, extract
Alcannin, extract
Botanical name:
Lindl.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
15
66
48
1 . 700
70
29
110
5
55

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Pickles
Meats
Liquors
Soups
ALLSPICE, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:
Alkanna tinctoria Tausch

Berry, strawberry, fruit, meat

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Icings
Meats
Pimenta officinalis
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1
3
10
10
70
0.20
Pimenta officinalis Lindl.

Sausage
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
600
69
25, 130

Baked goods
Meat
Condiments
ALMONDS, BITTER OIL (FFPA)

Botanical name:
Prunus amygdalus Batsch var.

amara (DC .) Focke

ALLSPICE
Botanical name:

Liquor, meat, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
>,
Maraschino cherries
. . .
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
80
66
97
96
29
330
340

Black walnut, vanilla
ALOE EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Aloe spp.
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Cordials

Bitters, vermouth, spice

Beverages
Alcoholic beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,000, 5
130
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5,
1
10, 0.04
10
10
AMBRETTE SEED, OIL

ALTHEA ROOT
Marshmallow root
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Hibiscus abelmoschus L .

Fruit
Althaea officinalis L.

Strawberry, cherry, root beer

Beverages

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 5.7
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.30
0.30, 0. 50
0 . 80
0.80
AMBERGRIS, TINCTURE
AMYRIS, OIL
Sandalwood, West Indian, oil

Berry, fruit, rum, spice, vanilla
Botanical name:
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
1.7
9.7
0.10
Amyris bals am ifera L .

Chewing gum
Candy . . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
58
ANCHUSIN, EXTRACT
AMBREINE^ OIL
(See Labdanum, oil)
ANGELICA ROOT, EXTRACT

AM BRETTE, ABSOLUTE, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Angelica archangelica L .
Hibiscus abelmoschus L.
Berry, liquor, wine, maple, nut, walnut, root
beer

Berry, floral

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.14
0.22
0.34
0.34

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
49
46
44
61
1,
100
AMBRETTE, TINCTURE
ANGELICA ROOT, OIL
Botanical name:
Hibiscus abelmoschus L.
Botanical name:
208
ANGELICA ROOT, OIL (cont'd)
ANGOSTURA, EXTRACT

Fruit, gin, rum
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Liquors
Galipea officinalis Hancock

Bitter, liquor, root beer, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
0.99
0.86
1
5,
0.03
60
15.

Beverages
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
1, 700
ANISE
Botanical name:
Pirn pine lia anisum L .
ANGELICA SEED, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Licorice, anise, pepperoni, sausage, spice,
vanilla
Ange lic a archangelica L .

Berry, fruit, maple, walnut, spice

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Condiments

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,100
19
50
100
10
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
30, 2
4,
1
4,
3
490
96, 5,000
1,200
ANISE, OIL
ANGELICA SEED, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Pimpinella anisum L .
Angelica archangelica L.
Butter, caramel, cherry, licorice, anise, rum,
sausage, nut, root beer, sarsaparilla, spice,
vanilla, wintergreen, birch beer

Fruit, gin

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
1.4
1.9
2.2
5
32

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Meats
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.5
67
500
120
3,200
65
45
ANGELICA STEM, OIL

Botanical name:
ANISE, STAR

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Botanical name:
Illicium verum Hook, f.

Fruit, licorice, anise, liquor, sausage, root
beer, sarsaparilla, vanilla, wintergreen, birch
beer
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 0.50
10, 0.50
25, 1
24, 1
0.5
209
ANNOTTA, EXTRACT
(See Annatto, extract)
ANISE, STAR (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
18
83
140
1,000, 500
60, 40
ANNOTTA, SEED
(See Annatto, seed)
APRICOT KERNEL, OIL

Persic oil
Botanical name:
Prunus armeniaca L.
ANISE, STAR, OIL

Botanical name:

Cherry
Illicium verum Hook. f.

Blackberry, peach, licorice, anise, liquor,
arrach, meat, root beer, spice, wintergreen,
birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Sirups
Liquors

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
99
190
230
55, 20
8.0
50
ARHEOL
(See Sandalwood, yellow, oil)
ARNOTTA, EXTRACT
(See Annatto, extract)
ANNATTO, EXTRACT
Arnotta, extract
Annotta, extract
Botanical name:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
150, 130
400, 3.4
360, 300
270
500, 1
ARNOTTA, SEED
(See Annatto, seed)
Bixa o re llana L.
ASAFETIDA, FLUID EXTRACT

Spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Margarine
Breakfast cereals
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
25
200
2,000
330
2,000

Sausage, onion, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meat
Condiments
Soups
ANNATTO, SEED
Arnotta, seed
Annotta, seed
Botanical name:
Ferula assafoetida L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
10
5.0
10, 8
10
50
30
Bixa orellana L .
ASAFETIDA, GUM

Spice

Baked goods
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100

Onion, spices
210
BALM, LEMON, OIL

(See Melissa, oil)
ASAFETIDA, GUM (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Seasonings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
10
25, 15
15
160, 5
BALM, OIL
Botanical name:
Melissa officinalis L .

Fruit, liquor
ASAFETIDA, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Spice

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15, 1
1
10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.5
1.7
20
60, 10
BALM LEAVES, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Melissa officinalis L .

Fruit
ASH BARK, PRICKLY, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Xanthoxylum amercanum L. or
Xanthoxylum clava-herculis L .

Beverages

Cola, maple, root beer

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
BALSAM, PERU
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
59
78
82
Botanical name:
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch

Strawberry, chocolate, cherry, grape, brandy,
rum, maple, walnut, spice, vanilla
ATTAR OF ROSES
(See Rose, Bulgarian, true otto, oil)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Sirups
BALM
Botanical name:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2,000
Melissa officinalis L.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
5.9
10
32
1,
0.05
120
7,
0.25

None listed
BALSAM, PERU, OIL
None reported
Botanical name:
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch

Berry, coconut, fruit, rum, maple, vanilla
BALM, LEMON
(See Balm)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BALM, LEMON, EXTRACT

(See Balm leaves, extract)
211
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
2.2
8.4
6.6
BALSAM FIR, OIL

Botanical name:

Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Meats
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.

Pineapple, lime, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.5
1.5, 0.50
5.2
5.2
1,
0.50
BASIL, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:

Baked goods
Condiments
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.

Fruit, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20
1.5
5
5
Botanical name:

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Condiments . . .
Meats

Sausage, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5
5
5
680
500
520
Botanical name:
Lau rus nobilis L .

Fruit, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Ocimum basilicum L .

Loganberry, strawberry, orange, rose,
violet, cherry, honey, licorice, muscatel,
meat, root beer, basil

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2. 5, 0.36
5
5
400,
130
840
BAY, SWEET, OIL
BASIL, OIL
Botanical name:
Lau rus nobilis L .

Vermouth, sausage, spice
Ocimum basilicum L.

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
5.
2
BAY, SWEET
BASIL
Botanical name:
Ocimum basilicum L.

Spice
BALSAM FIR, OLEORESIN

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
0.01
15
24 .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
1.8
2.6
21
2.9
30
BAY LEAVES, EXTRACT

(See Bay leaves, West Indian, extract)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2.7
6.2
BAY LEAVES, OIL

(See Bay leaves, West Indian, oil)
212
BAY LEAVES, OLEORESIN

(See Bay leaves, West Indian, oleoresin)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Honey
BAY LEAVES, WEST INDIAN, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Pimenta ris Kostel

Vermouth, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Soups
BENZOE
(See Benzoin, resin)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.67
2
2,
1.6
2
54
0.72
BENZOIN. GUM
BENZOIN, RESIN
Botanical name: Styrax benzoin Dryander
S. paralleloneu ru s Perkins
S. tonkinensis (Pierre)
Craib ex Hartwich, or other
species of the section Anthostyrax
of the genus Styrax
BAY LEAVES, WEST INDIAN, OIL

Botanical name:
Pimenta acris, Kostel

Chocolate, cherry, rum, spice, vanilla

Fruit, liquor, bay

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
2.3
4.4
4.6
27
15
Botanical name:
Pimenta acris Kostel
Citrus aurantium L. subsp.

bergamia Wright et Arn .

Strawberry, lemon, orange, tangerine, cola,
floral, banana, grape, peach, pear, pineapple,
liquor, spice, vanilla, ginger

Sausage

Meats
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
50, 15
13, 5.1
8.7
20, 26
10
110
BERGAMOT, OIL
BAY LEAVES, WEST INDIAN, OLEORESIN

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.5, 0.50
2
10
10
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
25
72

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings
BEESWAX, WHITE
Cire d'abeille absolute
Fruit, honey
BERGAMOT ORANGE, OIL

(See Bergamot, oil)
BIRCH, BLACK, OIL

(See Birch, sweet, oil)
213
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.9
7.9
27
29
5.3, 90
43
1,
130
BLACKTHORN BERRIES, EXTRACT

(See Sloe berries, extract)
BIRCH, SWEET, OIL

Botanical name:
Betula lenta L .
BOIS DE ROSE, OIL

Strawberry, pineapple, maple, nut, root
beer, sarsaparilla, spice, wintergreen,
birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
48
44
310
110
0.07, 4,300
5
BIRCH TAR, OIL, REFINED

(RECTIFIED)

Citrus, floral, fruit, meat, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 0.65
10, 2.6
25, 6.7
25, 9.3
35
BORONIA, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name: Betula pendula Roth and related

Betula spp.

Chewing gum
Aniba rosaeodora Ducke
Botanical name:
Boronia megastigma Nees

Violet, fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
.1

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
BITTER ASH, EXTRACT

(See Quassia, extract)
BITTER WOOD, EXTRACT

(See Quassia, extract)
Approx. Avg
Maximum pprr.
4.3
2.8
11
10
BROOM, EXTRACT
(See Genet, extract)
BLACKBERRY BARK, EXTRACT

BUCHU LEAVES, OIL
Botanical name:
Rubus, species of section Eubatus

Botanical name:

Berry, pineapple, grenadine, root beer,
sarsaparilla, wintergreen, birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wencl

B. crenulata (L.) Hook .
B. serratifolia Willd.

Berry, fruit, chocolate, mint, spices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
81
880, 3
230
660, 3
150, 10,000

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Liquors
BLACK CUTCH, EXTRACT

(See Catechu, extract)
BUTTER STARTER DISTILLATE

BLACKTHORN BERRIES
(See Sloe berries)

Butter
214
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
6.8
8.5
5.2
7
0 . 50
BUTTER STARTER DISTILLATE (cont'd)

Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Shortening

Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20, 40
420
720
750, 12,000
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 3
15, 3 .8
0.02
15, 5
CALENDULA
(See Marigold, pot)
CACHOU, EXTRACT
CAMPHOR, JAPANESE, WHITE, OIL
Botanical name:
CACTUS ROOT, EXTRACT

(See Yucca, Mohave, extract)

Spice
CAJEPUT, OIL
Botanical name:
Melaleuca leucadendron L .
Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments

Spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
0.50
1
13
11
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.4
48, 1.6
15
CANANGA, OIL
Botanical name:
Cananga odorata Hook . f . and

Thorns .

Cola, fruit, spice, ginger ale
CALAMUS
Botanical name:
Cinnamomum camphora (L.)

Nees et Eberm .
Acorus calamus L.
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Bitters, vermouth, root beer, spice

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Ice cream, ices
Cordials
Bitters
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
200, 5
10
15
1
30
3,000
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7
1
2
2
CAPSICUM, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Capsicum frutescens L .
C_. annuum L.

Spice, ginger ale
CALAMUS, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Sauces
Acorus calamus L.

Chocolate, fruit, bendictine, chartreuse,
nut, root beer, sarsaparilla, spice, ginger
ale, vanilla, wintergreen, birch beer

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8,
2
5,
1.5
215
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
120
15
12
14, 12
200
100, 50
CAPSICUM, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:
CARDAMOM
Capsicum frutescens L.
. annuum L .
Botanical name:

Bitters, chocolate, liquor, spice, vanilla

Sausage, spice, ginger ale, cinnamon

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Meats
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
14
11
14
46
100, 50
92
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
2
2
1 , 700
570
900

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Condiments
CARAWAY
Botanical name:
Eletteria cardamomum (L . )
Maton
CARDAMOM SEED, OIL

Carum carvi L.
Botanical name:

Liquor

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
Eletteria cardamomum (L.)

Maton

Chocolate, cocoa, coffee, cherry, liquor, liver,
sausage, root beer, sarsaparilla, cardamom,
ginger ale, vanilla, cream soda
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
63
63
10,000, 3,000
96
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
1.3
5.8
57
2.2
36
8
10
16, 10

None listed

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Meats
Condiments
Liquors
Pickles

None reported
CAROB BEAN, EXTRACT
CARAWAY, BLACK
Botanical name:
Nigella sativa L .
Botanical name:
Ceratonia siliqua L .
CARAWAY, OIL
Botanical name:

Raspberry, bitters, butter, butterscotch,
caramel, chocolate, cherry, brandy, wine,
maple, root beer, spice, vanilla, cream soda,
grape
Carum carvi L.

Grape, licorice, anisette, kummel, liver,
sausage, mint, caraway, rye

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Meats . . '
Condiments
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
29
49
86
150
0 . 80
34
38
140

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Icings and toppings
216
....
Approx. Avg
Maximum pprr.
66
93
180
120
600
1,000, 500
CARROT, OIL
Botanical name:
CASSIA
Daucus carota L.

Violet, fruit, rum, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Soups
Botanical name:
Cinnamomum cassia Blume

Bitters, fruit, liquor, meat, root beer,
sarsaparilla, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
5.5
5.1
4.4
0.02
15
J

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.2
5.1
130
3,000
CASSIA BARK, EXTRACT

CASCARA, BITTERLESS, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Cola, root beer, spice
Rhamnus purshiana DC .

Butter, caramel, maple, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
50
100

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
310
10
10
10
CASSIA BARK, OIL

CASCARILLA BARK, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Croton cascarilla Benn.

. eluteria Benn.

Bitters, spice, tobacco

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
800, 5
CASCARILLA BARK, OIL

Botanical name:
Croton cascarilla Benn.

Berry, butter, chocolate, lemon, coffee, cola,
cherry, peach, rum, peppermint, pecan, root
beer, cassia, ginger ale, cinnamon

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Meats
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
11
150
73
1 , 900
290
140

Cola, fruit, root beer, spice
CASSIA BUDS
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
3
8.7
13
50
Botanical name:

Spice

Beverages
CASHOO, EXTRACT
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1,000
CASSIA FLOWERS
CASTOREUM, LIQUID
(See Cassia buds)
Botanical name:
CASSIE, ABSOLUTE

Loganberry, raspberry, orange, balsam, rose,
violet, cherry, grape, honey, rum, muscatel,
whisky, vanilla
Botanical name:
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
Castor fiber L .
C. canadensis Kuhl

Blackberry, violet, vermouth, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.96
1.2
4.1
4.1
1
CATECHU, EXTRACT
CASSIS
(See Currant buds, black, absolute)
Botanical name:
CASTOR, OIL
Ricinus, oil
Palma Christi, oil
Tangan- tangan, oil
Botanical name:
Acacia catechu Willd .

Bitters, fruit, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Ricinus communis L.

Butter, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 140
3.
540
3,
410
210
Botanical name:
Acacia catechu, Willd .

Fruit, rum, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Castor fiber L .
C. canadensis Kuhl

Gooseberry, raspberry, tutti fruiti, rum,
wine, black walnut, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
21
140
140
CATECHU, POWDER
CASTOREUM, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.2
1.9
4.9
7.3
2,
1.2
60, 19
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
5.6
12
41
400
50
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
45
27
43
37
15
CAYENNE
Botanical name:
Capsicum annuum L. var .

longum Sendt

Sausage, pepper
218
CAYENNE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
2
2
50, 2
610
910
100
CELERY SEED, EXTRACT SOLID

Botanical name:
CEDAR LEAF, OIL

Botanical name:
Thuja occidentalis L .

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Liqueurs

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Maple sirup
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50, 0.01
1,
0.01
12
20, 1
15
16
Botanical name:
Apium graveolens L .

Fruit, honey, maple, sausage, nut, root beer,
spice, vanilla, cream soda
CELERY SEED

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Pickles

Sausage, celery

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
150
8
12
7
10
CELERY SEED, OIL
CEDRO, OIL
(See Lemon, oil, terpeneless)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,000, 0.37
1 , 800
2,500
1,400
500, 37
590, 13
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
13, 3
13
13
28
40
40
1
10, 35
CEYLON CINNAMON
(See Cinnamon)
CEYLON CINNAMON LEAF, OIL

(See Cinnamon leaf, oil)
CELERY SEED, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Celery, maple, meat, spice

Fruit, spice
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
1 , 900
10
100
500, 160
CHAMOMILE FLOWER, ENGLISH, OIL

Celery, meat, spice

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Botanical name:
Anthemis nobilis L .

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
400, 240
5
219
CHAMOMILE FLOWER. ENGLISH. OIL (cont'd)
Foods in which umd:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candv
Baked goods
CHECKERBERRY, OIL
(See Wintergreen, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
473
0.50, 0.10
5,
1.3
5
0lQ
CHERRY BARK, WILD, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Berry, chocolate, cola, cherry, peach, wild
cherry, liquor, nut, root beer, vanilla
CHAMOMILE FLOWER, HUNGARIAN, OIL

Botanical name:
Matricaria chamomilla L.
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Liquors


Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.6
6.1
3.8
6.5
0 . 80
1.0
CHAMOMILE FLOWER, ROMAN, EXTRACT
Prunus laurocerasus L.

Fruit, nut
Anthemis nobilis L .

Berry, fruit, vermouth, maple, spice,
vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Baked goods
Maraschino cherries
Extracts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
9.3
6.7
16
Botanical name:
Prunus avium L. (sweet cherry)

P. cerasus L. (sour cherry)

Cherry
Anthem is nobilis L .
Beverages
Ice cream, ices

Chocolate, fruit, vermouth, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Liquors
...
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
75
77
50, 65
CHERRY PITS, EXTRACT
CHAMOMILE FLOWER, ROMAN, OIL

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
120
140
200
76
3.5
30
800, 300
CHERRY LAUREL, OIL (FFPA)

Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Prunus serotina Ehrh .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
7.5, 2.3
11, 3.3
12, 4.3
8,
4.3
0.25
20
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
150, 80
60, 50
CHERVIL
Botanical name:
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.)

Hoffm.

Spice
CHECKERBERRY, EXTRACT
(See Wintergreen, extract)

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
220
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
50

Bitters, fruit, rum, vermouth, spices
CHERVIL (cont'd)

Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
150
60

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Bitters
CHICORY, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Cichorium intybus L.

Butter, caramel, chocolate, coffee, maple, nut,
root beer, sarsaparilla, vanilla, wintergreen,
birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
63
58
57
100
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7, 1.5
3
3
27
20, 300
1,000
CINCHONA BARK, RED, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its

hybrids

Bitters, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
CHINA BARK, EXTRACT

(See Quillaia)
CHINESE CINNAMON
(See Cinnamon)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
25
20
60
CINCHONA BARK, YELLOW

Botanical name:
CHINESE CINNAMON LEAF, OIL

Cinchona ledgeriana Moens

. calisaya Wedd.
Or hybrids of these with other spp
of Cinchona

Bitters, fruit, vermouth
CINCHONA, EXTRACT
Quinine, extract
Approx. Avg
Cinchona ledgeriana Moens
Maximum ppm
et Trimen
300
Liquor
C. succirubra Pavon et Klotzsch
Bitters
100
or its hybrids
. calisaya Wedd.
Or hybrids of these with other spp. CINCHONA BARK, YELLOW, EXTRACT
of Cinchona
Botanical name: Cinchona ledgeriana Moens
. calisaya Wedd.
Bitters, liquor
Or hybrids of these with other
spp. of Cinchona
Approx. Avg
Maximum, ppm
10
Bitters
Beverages
Candy . .
1
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
CINCHONA BARK, RED
100
Beverages
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its

hybrids
221
CINNAMON LEAF, OIL
CINNAMON
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees

C^. loureirii Blume
. cassia Blume

Bitters, cola, apple, plum, vermouth,
sausage, eggnog, cinnamon, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Apple butter

. loureirii Blume
. cassia Blume

Cola, apricot, rum, root beer, cinnamon, ginger
ale
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.6
53
4,000, 10
1, 900
110
880
450, 78

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Pickles
Sliced fruits
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.8
3.4
32
54
160, 520
0.20
20, 78
48, 32
3
CINNAMON BARK, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

C. loureirii Blume
. cassia Blume
CIRE D'ABEILLE ABSOLUTE

(See Beeswax, white)

Cola, eggnog, root beer, cinnamon, ginger ale
CITRONELLA, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 13
8.5
170
200, 40
40

Citrus, fruit, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
CINNAMON BARK, OIL

Botanical name:

C. loureirii Blume
. cassia Blume
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
26
25
31
CITRUS PEELS, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Berry, cola, cherry, rum, root beer,
cinnamon, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Cymbopogon nardus Rendle
Citrus species

Bitters, lemon, lime, orange, vermouth, root
beer, ginger
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
18
80
110
620
25
50

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
190
420
480
480
CIVET, ABSOLUTE
Derivation:
CINNAMON FLOWERS
(See Cassia buds)
222
Civet cats: Viverra civetta Schreber

V. zibetha Schreber
CIVET, ABSOLUTE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Raspberry, butter, caramel, grape, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
3
3.7
2.8
0.10
2.2
CLOVE BUD, OIL

Botanical name:
Salvia sclarea L.

Vermouth, spice

Vermouth

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Liquors
Spiced fruits
Jelly
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
500
CLARY, OIL
Botanical name:
Salvia sclarea L .

Butter, black cherry, grape, licorice,
vermouth, wine, root beer, birch beer,
spice, vanilla, cream soda

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Vermouth
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb .

(Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill.)

Raspberry, coffee, cola, banana, cherry, peach,
plum, rum, sausage, eggnog, pecan, root beer,
sassafras, cinnamon, ginger, wintergreen,
birch beer
CLARY
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16
19
20, 2
48
150
250, 160
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
3.9
5.3
13
20
100
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
13
320
37
5,
0.33
1 , 800
55
75
300
830
7.3
CLOVE BUD, OLEORESIN

Botanical name:

(Eugenia aromatica (L . ) Baill . )

Fruit, meat, spice

Meats
CLARY SAGE
(See Clary)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
CLOVE LEAF, OIL

CLARY SAGE, OIL
(See Clary, oil)
Botanical name:
CLOVE BUD, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.

(Eugenia aromatica ( L . ) Baill . )

Loganberry, cherry, root beer, sarsaparilla,
cinnamon


Berry, fruit, meat, root beer, spice

Beverages . . . .
Ice cream, ices .
223
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.6
16
CLOVE LEAF, OIL (cont'd)

Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Apple butter
COCA LEAF, EXTRACT (DECOCAINIZED)

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
22
30
5
40, 14
670
16, 7
2
Botanical name:
Erythroxylon coca Lam .

Bitters, cola

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
200
540
400
CLOVER TOPS, RED, EXTRACT SOLID

COGNAC, GREEN, OIL
Botanical name:
Trifolium pratense L .
Constituents:

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
3
20
9

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Liquors
CLOVES
Botanical name:
Ethyl caprate, amyl caprate, ethyl

caprylate, amyl caprylate, amyl
alcohol, propyl alcohol, isobutyl
alcohol, furfuryl alcohol
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.1
8.2
12
14
56
1
400

COGNAC, WHITE, OIL

Bitters, apple, cherry, plum, vermouth,
sausage

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Meats
Spiced cherries
Constituents:
Same as Cognac, Green, Oil

Berry, cherry, grape, brandy, rum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,000, 20
33
1,200
810
500

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.6
14
18
24
0.10
CLOVE STEM, OIL

Botanical name:
CORIANDER
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.

Botanical name:
Berry, cherry, root beer, ginger ale, ginger
beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Coriandrum sativum L.

Raspberry, bitters, fruit, meat, spice, ginger
ale
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.9
7,
4
91
64
30, 70

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
224
Approx. Avg
Maximum
7.4
1
20, 1.0
880
COUCH GRASS
CORIANDER (cont'd)

Condiments
Meats
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
54
1,300
1,000
CRETAN DITTANY
(See Dittany of Crete)
CROCUS, EXTRACT
(See Saffron, extract)
CORIANDER, OIL
Botanical name:
Coriandrum sativum L .
CUBEBS

Blackberry, raspberry, chocolate, coffee,
cola, fruit, liquor, sausage, root beer, spice,
ginger ale, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Liquors
Botanical name:
Piper cubeba L . f .

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.1
4.5
8.8
9.3
7.4
12
47
30, 10

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
800
CUBEBS, OIL
Botanical name:
Piper cubeba L . f .

Berry, fruit, ginger
CORN SILK
Botanical name:
Zea mays L.

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Maple, nut, root beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
16, 28
10, 5.5
18, 12
21, 12
CUMIN
Botanical name:
COSTUS ROOT, OIL

Botanical name:
Cuminum cyminum L .

Sausage, spice
Saussurea lappa Clarke

(Aplotaxis lappa Dec . , A .
auriculata DC . , Aucklandia
costus Falc.)

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Fruit, vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
0.25
1.8
4.6
33
30, 25
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08
0.90
1.9
1.2
0.10
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,500
3,900, 300
1,000
CUMIN, BLACK
Botanical name:
Nigella sativa L.

None listed
225
CUMIN, BLACK (cont'd)
DANDELION, FLUID EXTRACT

None reported
Botanical name: Taraxacum officinale Weber

Taraxacum erythrospermum Andn
CUMIN, OIL

Butter, caramel, fruit, maple, vanilla
Botanical name:
Cuminum cyminum L .
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Berry, fruit, sausage, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.48
0.66
7.3
10
0.20
230
100, 40
40
DANDELION ROOT, EXTRACT SOLID

Botanical name: Taraxacum officinale Weber
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz
Bitters, butter, caramel, floral, fruit, root
beer, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
10
Ice cream, ices
2.5, 20
Candy
40 , 8
Baked goods
27
CURACAO PEEL, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Citrus aurantium L .

Orange, liquor
Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
35
6
8,
2
53
DAVANA, OIL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1, 700
Botanical name: Artemisia pallens Wall .

Fruit
CURACAO PEEL, OIL

Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Citrus aurantium L.

Berry, lime, orange, liquors
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
33
0.80
43
100, 4
DILL
Botanical name: Anethum graveolens L.
Sausage, spice
CURRANT BUDS, BLACK, ABSOLUTE

Botanical name:

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Ribes nigrum L.

Fruit, berry, raspberry
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3
6.5
8
11
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4,800
1 , 400
1,200
8,200
DILL, OIL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
8
20
20
Botanical name: Anethum graveolens L.

Strawberry, fruit, sausage, dill
226
DRAGON'S BLOOD, EXTRACT
DILL, OIL (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Liquors
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
5.8
9.9
5
20
8,
3.8
150
51
5
140
Botanical name:
Daemonorops spp. or other

botanical sources

Bitters

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
300
DULSE
Botanical name:
Rhodymenia palmata (L.) G rev.
DILL SEED, INDIAN

Botanical name:

None listed
Anethum sowa Roxb.

(Peucedanum graveolens Benth.
et Hook.; A. graveolens L.)

None reported

Rye
ELDER FLOWERS
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
400
200
100, 3.3
Botanical name:
Sam bucus canadensis L .

>. nigra L.

Fruit, wine, spice
DITTANY OF CRETE
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Wine
Origanum dictamnus L .

Spice

Beverages .
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
25
8.8
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
340
1
1
1
25
ELEMI, GUM
Botanical name:
Canarium commune L .
C. luzonicum (Miq.) A. Gray
DOGGRASS, EXTRACT
Botanical name:

Fruit
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.

Maple

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
2
4
6
6
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.13
0.25
0.25
0.25
ELEMI, OIL
Botanical name:
DRACO RUBIN, EXTRACT

(See Dragon's blood, extract)
227
Canarium commune L.
C. luzonicum (Miq.) A. Gray
ELEMI, OIL (cont'd)
FENNEL, COMMON

Citrus, fruit, vermouth, spice
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Soups
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Sausage, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.71
5,
0.25
15, 0.25
7.5
10

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
800
300 , 6, 500
50
2,400
ERIGERON, OIL
FENNEL, SWEET
Botanical name:
Erigeron canadensis L.
Botanical name:

Fruit, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sauce
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var.

dulce (DC.) Alef .

Sausage, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.8, 0.13
3.5, 0.25
30, 0.25
1.
0.25
2

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
44
33
33
40, 300
ESTRAGON, OIL
Botanical name:
Artemisia dracunculus L .
FENNEL, SWEET, OIL

Fruit, licorice, liquor, root beer, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Liquors
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.79
0.70, 0.50
0 . 85
17
26
40
3,
1

Raspberry, fruit, licorice, anise, rye, sausage
root beer, sarsaparilla, spice, wintergreen,
birch beer

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Meats
Liquors
EUCALYPTUS, OIL
Botanical name:
Foeniculum vulgare M ill . var .

dulce (DC.) Alef.
Eucalyptus globulus Labille
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.9
0.38
22
19
0.10, 10
2
40, 100
10, 20

Fruit, mint, root beer, spice, ginger ale
FENUGREEK
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
50, 0.50
76
130
10
Botanical name:
Trigonella foenum - graecum L .

Butter, butterscotch, maple, black walnut, spice
228
FLORENCE FENNEL
(See Fennel, sweet)
FENUGREEK (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
470
15, 560
600
570
420, 800
250
450
FRANKINCENSE
(See Olibanum, oil)
GALANGAL ROOT
Botanical name:
FENUGREEK, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Alpinia officinarum Hance

A . galanga Willd.

Bitters, vermouth, spice, ginger ale

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, chocolate,
coffee, fruit, maple, meat, black walnut,
walnut, root beer, spice, vanilla

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
750
GALANGAL ROOT, EXTRACT

>ods in which used:
Beverages ....
Ice cream, ices .
Candy
Baked goods . . .
Puddings
Chewing gum . . .
Condiments . . .
Meats
Sirups
Pickles
Liquors
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
50
85
280
99
30
7.6
150
0.40, 0.60
170
90
20
37
Botanical name:

A. galanga Willd.

Bitters, fruit, liquor, spice, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Bitters
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.10
80
350
FENUGREEK, OLEORESIN
GALANGAL ROOT, OIL
Botanical name:

Botanical name:

Fruit, maple, nut

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Sirups

A. galanga Willd.

Fruit, liquor, spice, ginger
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
290
72
90
72
500
300

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Liquors
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.27
0.40
1.5
2.3
2
1
FINOCHIO
(See Fennel, sweet)
GALBANUM, OIL
F LEABANE, OIL
(See Erigeron, oil)
Botanical name:
229
Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. et Buhse

and other Ferula species
GALBANUM, OIL (cont'd)

Fruit, honey

Fruit, nut, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.16
0.84
1.7
1.8
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.83
0.50, 1
1.7
1,
2
12
GENET, EXTRACT
GALBANUM, RESIN
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Ferula galbaniflua Boiss . et

Buhse and other Ferula species
Spartium junceum L .

Raspberry, fruit

Berry, fruit, nut, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.04, 0.25
0.05, 0.50
1.7
2.4
50
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
GENTIAN ROOT, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Gentiana lutea L.

Angostura, chocolate, cola, fruit, vermouth,
maple, root beer, vanilla
GAMBIR, GUM
(See Catechu, powder)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liqueurs
GAMBIR CATECHU
GARDEN ROSEMARY, OIL

(See Rosemary, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
26
47
120
160
13
GERANIUM, ROSE, OIL

GARLIC, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Strawberry, lemon, cola, geranium, rose, violet,
cherry, honey, rum, brandy, cognac, nut,
vanilla, spice, ginger ale

Fruit, garlic

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 0.03
0.04
2.9
6
12
16

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin dessert
Chewing gum
Jelly
GENET, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name:
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her.
Allium sativum L.
Spartium junceum L .
230
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.6
2.8
6.9
8.1
1.1, 2
210
5.2
GHATTI, GUM
Botanical name:
GINGER, OLEORESIN
Anogeissus latifolia Wall .
Botanical name:

Butter, butterscotch, fruit

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices

Ginger
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,100
800

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
GINGER
Botanical name:
Zingiber officinale Rosc .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
79
36, 65
27
52
10, 1,000
30 , 250

Apple, plum, sausage, eggnog, pumpkin,
ginger, ginger ale, ginger beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Meats
GLYCYRRHIZA
(See Licorice root)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
44
220
2, 500
1,500
GLYCYRRHIZA, EXTRACT
(See Licorice, extract)
GLYCYRRHIZIN, AMMONIATED
Botanical name:
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and other

spp. of Glycyrrhiza
GINGER, EXTRACT
Botanical name:

Licorice, anise, root beer, ginger beer, wintergreen, birch beer
Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Cola, sausage, root beer, ginger, ginger ale,
ginger beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
65
43
83
100
15
56
GRAINS OF PARADISE
Botanical name:
Aframomum melegueta (Rosc.)

. Schum .

Fruit, ginger, ginger ale, pepper
GINGER, OIL
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
51
5,
62
5,

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy

Root beer, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
20
14
47
13
12
GRAMINIS
231
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
43
120
120
GRAPEFRUIT, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Candy
Citrus paradisi Macf .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
12
10

Grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, peach

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Toppings
GUM BENJAMIN
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
160
180
630
370
250
1,500
400
HAW BARK, BLACK, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Butter, caramel, cola, maple, walnut
GUAIAC WOOD, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Guaiacum officinale L.
G. sanctum L.
Bulnesia sarmienti Lorentz

Fruit, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Viburnum prunifolium L.
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
6
2.5
6
6
HEDEONA, OIL
(See Pennyroyal, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
760
4
8
70
HEMLOCK, OIL
Spruce, Oil
Botanical name:
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr ,

T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.
Picea mariana (Mill.)
P. glauca (Moench) Voss
GUAIAC WOOD, OIL

Botanical name:

Fruit, root beer, spice
Guaiacum officinale L .
G . sanctum L.
Bulnesia sarmienti Lorentz

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Raspberry, strawberry, rose, fruit, honey,
ginger, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.1
4.1
9.2
8.1
4.2
60
HICKORY BARK, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Carya species

Butter, caramel, rum, maple, nut, spice,
tobacco, smoke
GUARANA, GUM
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6.2
15
11
2,
4
1
44
Paullinia cupana HBK.

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy

Cola
232
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
21, 40
0.01, 25
48
HICKORY BARK, EXTRACT (cont'd)

Baked goods
Condiments
Liquors

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
48
65
70
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.7
2
680
2
HORSEMINT LEAVES, EXTRACT

HIPBERRIES, EXTRACT
(See Rose hips, extract)
Botanical name:
HOPS, EXTRACT

Fruit
Botanical name:
Humulus lu pulu s L .
Beverages

Fruit, root beer

Beverages
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
160
Botanical name:
Hyssopus officinalis L .

Bitters
Humulus lu pulu s L .
Bitters

Bitters, fruit, root beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
600
HYSSOP
HOPS, EXTRACT SOLID

Botanical name:
Monarda species
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8
20, 75
0.70, 50
0.80, 40
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
600
HYACINTH, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name:
Hyacinthus orientalis L.

Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
HOPS, OIL
HYSSOP, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Humulus lupulu s L .
Botanical name:

Raspberry, grape, whisky, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Hyssopus officinalis L.

Liquor
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
1.7
2.5
2.9
2.2
20, 35

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
13
50
HYSSOP, OIL
HOREHOUND (HOARHOUND), EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Liquor, spice
Marrubium vulgare L .

Maple, nut, root beer
233
Hyssopus officinalis L .
HYSSOP, OIL (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.7
0.25
14
0.25, 33
5,
50
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.70
1,
1.5
1,
3.4
1,
15.
1
JASMINE, OIL
IMMORTELLE, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Raspberry, strawberry, floral, cherry
Helichrysum angustifolium DC .
Jasminum grandiflorum L .

Raspberry, fruit, liquor

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Candy
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jelly
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.2
16
15
11
0.01
0.50
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.63
1.6
3
9.3
0.50, 1
1.4
0.25
JASMINE, SPIRITUS
INDIAN GUM
(See Ghatti, gum)
Botanical name:

Blackberry, strawberry, fruit
INDIAN TRAGACANTH
(See Karaya, gum)
JASMINE, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name:

Loganberry, raspberry, strawberry, orange,
violet, cherry, grape, honey, muscatel, almond,
pistachio

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Cherries
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1
0.75
3
4
1
10
JUNIPER, EXTRACT
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.41
1.3
0 . 80
2.9
0.10, 0.50
30
Botanical name:

Liquor, root beer, sarsaparilla, wintergreen,
birch beer
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
53
Ice cream, ices
5
Candy
5
Baked goods
5
JASMINE, CONCRETE
Botanical name:
Juniperus communis L .
JUNIPER, OIL

Berry, fruit
Botanical name:
234
Juniperus communis L.

Butter, caramel, chocolate, cocoa, coffee,
cola, walnut, root beer
JUNIPER, OIL (cont'd)

Berry, cola, pineapple, gin, rum, whisky,
root beer, ginger, meat

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Meats
Liquors

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
32
1.9
4.3
11
0.01
0.10
20
0.95
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
120
220
160
150
KRAMERIA, EXTRACT
(See Rhatany, extract)
KULLO
(See Karaya, gum)
JUNIPER BERRIES
Botanical name:
Juniperus communis L.
KUTEERAL
(See Karaya, gum)

Gin
LABDANUM, ABSOLUTE
Condiments
Liquors . . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
60
2,000, 60
Botanical name:

Raspberry, fruit, vanilla
KADAYA
(See Karaya, gum)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
KARAYA, GUM
Botanical name:
Cistus ladaniferus L .
Sterculia urens Roxb .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
9.8
5.6
23
0.06
1
19

Citrus, spice
LABDANUM, OIL
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Toppings
Emulsions
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
1,300
1 ,
44
36
40
3, 500
20 , 18,000
Botanical name:
Cistus ladaniferus L.

Fruit, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
KATILO
(See Karaya, gum)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.41
0.78
2
0.75
LABDANUM, OLEORESIN
KOLA NUT, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Cistus ladaniferus L .
Cola acuminata Schott et Endl.

Fruit, vanilla
235
LAVENDER, ABSOLUTE
LABDANUM, OLEORESIN (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
2
5.5
4

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
LAUREL BERRIES
Botanical name:
Laurus nobilis L.

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
450
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.20, 7.5
0.40
2,
14
2,
6.3
LAVENDER, CONCRETE
Botanical name:
LAUREL LEAVES, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Lavandula officinalis Chaix

Fruit
Laurus nobilis L.
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Spice

Spiced vegetables .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 0. 20
0.08
0.03, 0.25
0.25
LAVENDER, OIL
LAVANDIN, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Hybrids between Lavandula

officinalis Chaix and Lavandula
latifolia Vill.

Citrus, pineapple, ginger ale

Berry, citrus

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.5
12
18
18
0.30
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.9
7.8
5.5
8.3
220
LEMON, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.
LAVENDER
Botanical name:

Lemon

Ginger ale

Beverages

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.08
236
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1,000
540, 4,000
400, 12,000
8,900
10,000

Fruit, licorice, anise, maple, root beer
LEMON, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Sirups

Blueberry, loganberry, strawberry, butter,
grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, cola, coco
nut, honey, wine, rum, root beer, ginger

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Sirups
Icings
Cereals
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
230
3 80
1,100
580
340
1 , 900
10, 80
25, 40
65
65
600
140
LICORICE, EXTRACT POWDER

Botanical name:
Glycyrrhiza glabra L .

Licorice, anise, maple, root beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Candy
Chewing gum
LEMON, OIL, TERPENELESS

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
33
39
130
84
4
29,000
50
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
110
200
200
6,500
22,000

Lemon, fruit, ginger, ginger ale
LICORICE ROOT
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
25
68
50
80
110, 670
1 , 000
Botanical name:

Licorice, root beer

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
LEMON-GRASS, OIL
Botanical name:
Cymbopogon citratus DC .
C. flexuosus Stapf
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.4
9.2
38
38
290
220
Citrus aurantifolia (Christman)

Swingle

Grapefruit, lemon, lemon-lime, lime, orange,
cola, fruit, rum, nut, ginger

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
LICORICE, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
130
460
75
3,200
LIME, OIL

Lemon, fruit
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Glycyrrhiza glabra L .
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and other

species of Glycyrrhiza
237
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
130
160
680
3 70
200
3,100
20
LIME, OIL, TERPENELESS
LOVAGE
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Citrus aurantifolia (Christman)

Swingle

Bitters, maple, walnut

Lemon, lemon-lime, lime, cola, pineapple,
ginger, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Sirups

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Table sirup
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15
17
37
22
26
0.10
8
LINALOE WOOD, OIL
Levisticum officinale Koch

Berry, butter, butterscotch, caramel, coffee,
fruit, maple, meat, black walnut, spice
Bursera delpechiana Poiss.

and related Bursera species

Berry, citrus, fruit, liquor, ginger

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquor
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4,
30
18
28
25
0.08
LOVAGE, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Table sirup
Icings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.3
3.8
16
15
1
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.8
18
26
24
40
66
0.07
LOVAGE, OIL
LINDEN FLOWERS
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

licorice, liquor, maple, nut, walnut, spice
Tilia glabra Vent .

Raspberry, vermouth

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,000

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Table sirup
Icings
LOCUST, GUM
Botanical name:
Ceratonia siliqua L.

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
Toppings
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
0.60
0 . 83
2.4
3.7
6.8
10
MACE
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,900
1,200
150
980
1,500, 6,000
Botanical name:
Myristica fragrans Houtt.

Bitters, meat, spice
23 8
MACE (cont'd)
MARIGOLD, OIL
(See Tagetes, oil)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
350
40
1,300
43
500, 2,000
MARIGOLD, POT
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
MACE, OIL
Botanical name:
Myristica fragrans Houtt .

Chocolate, cocoa, coconut, cola, fruit, nut,
spice, ginger ale
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
4.5
23
68
37
12
33
Majorana hortensis Moench .

(Origanum majorana L.)

Sausage, spice

Condiments
Meats . . .
MACE, OLEORESIN
MARJORAM, POT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Sausage, spice

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
360
800
100, 600
35
Botanical name:
Origanum vulgare L .
Majorana hortensis Moench.

(Origanum majorana L . )

Sausage, spice

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Citrus reticulata Blanco

Orange, tangerine, cherry, grape

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
75
37
MARJORAM, SWEET
MANDARIN, OIL
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
44
33
33
MARJORAM, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Calendula officinalis L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
62
160
350
190
30
83
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
2,000
200
510
150
MARJORAM, SWEET, OIL

Botanical name:
Majorana hortensis Moench.

(Origanum majorana L . )

Vermouth, wine, spice
239
MARJORAM, SWEET, OIL (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments

Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
1
4
15
8
MOUNTAIN MAPLE, EXTRACT SOLID

Botanical name:
Majorana hortensis Moench .

(Origanum majorana L.)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Sausage, spice

Beverages
Condiments
Meats
Acer spicatum Lam .

Chocolate, malt, maple
MARJORAM SEED
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
1.7
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
750
70, 700
200, 3,500
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
100
8
2,
60
44
MUCARA
(See Karaya, gum)
MUSK AMBRETTE
(See Flavoring Agents, Sub-Group A)
MARSHMALLOW ROOT
(See Althea root)
MUSK TONQUIN
MELISSA, EXTRACT
(See Balm leaves, extract)
Botanical name:
Moschus moschiferus L .

Fruit, maple, molasses
MELISSA, OIL
(See Balm, oil)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
MEXICAN OREGANO
(See Oregano)
MEXICAN SAGE
(See Oregano)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.67
0.62
2
2.7
3
MUSTARD, BLACK
(See Mustard, brown)
MILFOIL
(See Yarrow, herb)
MUSTARD, BROWN
MIMOSA, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Acacia decurrens Willd . var .

dealbata

Raspberry, fruit

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Brassica .juncea (L.) Coss .

(brown)
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, (blackl

Mustard, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.79
21

Condiments
Meats . . .
240
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,200
2,300
NARINGEN, EXTRACT
MUSTARD, WHITE
(See Mustard, yellow)
Botanical name:
MUSTARD, YELLOW
Botanical name:

Bitters, grapefruit, pineapple
Brassica hirta Moench .

(Brassica alba (L.) Boiss.)
Beverages
Icecream, ices
Liquors

Sausage, spice

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
350
20
8,200
1,400
2,500, 38,000
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
71
5.7
0.20
NEROLI BIGARDE, OIL

Botanical name:

Berry, orange, cola, cherry, spice, ginger ale
MYRCIA, OIL
(See Bay leaves, West Indian, oil)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
MYRRH, GUM
Botanical name:
Citrus paradis i Macf .
Commiphora molmol Engler

C. abys snica (Berg) Engler
and other Commiphora spp.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
3.2
8.9
16
40
NUTMEG
Fruit, liquor, tobacco, smoke

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Soups
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
84
0.13
0.13, 10
0.15
1.2
10

Cola, vermouth, sausage, eggnog, nutmeg

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
MYRRH, OIL
Botanical name:
Commiphora molmol Engler

C. abys snica (Berg) Engler
and other Commiphora spp.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
700
550
2,000
100
670
100
NUTMEG, OIL
Botanical name:

Honey, liquor

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Myristica fragrans Houtt .

Loganberry, chocolate, lemon, cola, apple,
grape, muscatel, rum, sausage, eggnog,
pistachio, root beer, cinnamon, dill, ginger,
mace, nutmeg, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.3
8.3
1.3
13

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
241
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
14
13
19
NUTMEG, OIL (cont'd)

Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Sirups
Icings
ONION, OIL
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
75
1.2, 640
21
150
16
30,2
Botanical name: Allium L .

Meat, onion, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
OAK CHIPS, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Que rcus alba L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.50
0.50
1.9
2.2
10
16

Bitters, whisky
ORANGE, OIL, DISTILLED
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Whisky
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.5, 21
2.5, 84
2.5, 63
63
1,000
Botanical name:

Orange, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
OAK MOSS, ABSOLUTE

Botanical name:
Evernia prunastri ( L . ) Ach .

E . furfuracea (L.) Mann
and other lichens

Fruit, honey, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.8
0.41
0.81
2.5
0.15
40
0.50
Botanical name:
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Grapefruit, orange, cola, pineapple, liquor,
root beer, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Boswellia carteri Birdw .

and other Boswellia spp.

Cola, fruit, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
130
140
690
440
500, 45
930
ORANGE, OIL, TERPENELESS
OLIBANUM, OIL
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
17
38
25
230
13, 1 60
25
ORANGE BLOSSOMS, ABSOLUTE

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.60
1.2
3.3
3.7
Botanical name:

Citrus, fruit
242
ORANGE BLOSSOMS, ABSOLUTE (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum

Orange, ginger ale
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
17
7.3
5.7
!
15
10

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
ORANGE FLOWERS
ORANGE PEEL, SWEET, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Citrus aurantium L.

Citrus, cola

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100, 2,000
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
210
Ice cream, ices
330
Candy
1,000
Baked goods
430
Condiments
32
Meats
10
Gelatin desserts and puddings 1,300
Chewing gum
4,200
Sirups
0.34
Icings
190
Liquors
5
Cereals
49
ORANGE LEAF, ABSOLUTE


Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Blueberry, orange, cola, banana, pear, root
beer, ginger ale
ORANGE FLOWERS, BITTER, OIL

(See Neroli bigarde, oil)
Botanical name:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.02
0.10
0.25
0.25
ORANGE PEEL, SWEET, OIL, TERPENELESS

Botanical name:

Orange, fruit
ORANGE PEEL, BITTER, OIL

Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Citrus au rantium L .

Orange, fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
67
71
150
110
300
500
4
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
43
83
190
240
600
OREGANO
Botanical name:
Mexican: Lippia species,

usually L. graveolens HBK.
European: Origanum spp.
Elsewhere: Other genera including
Coleus, Lantana and Hyptis

Loganberry, cherry, sausage, root beer, spice
ORANGE PEEL, SWEET, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
99
170
320, 330
320, 330

243
OREGANO (cont'd)

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
320
400
2,800
540
OREGANUM
(See Oregano)
PALE CATECHU
ORIGAN
(See Oregano)
PALMA CHRISTI, OIL

(See Castor, oil)
ORIGANUM, OIL (EXTRACTIVE)
PALMA ROSA, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Thymus capitatus Hoffm . et Link

(syn. Coridothymus capitatus
Reichb.)
Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb . )

Stapf.

Rose, fruit, spice

Vermouth, sausage, root beer, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
9.2
29
56
31
2
10, 120
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.60, 33
30
37

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.2
1.7
12
13
PAPRIKA
Botanical name:
Capsicum annuum L .
ORRIS, CONCRETE, LIQUID, OIL

Botanical name:

Sausage, spice
Iris florentina L .

Blackberry, raspberry, strawberry, violet,
cherry, nut, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Icings

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.7
0.52
1.1
1.3
0.56
8.8
4
PAPRIKA, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:
Capsicum annuum L.

Fruit, meat, spice
ORRIS ROOT, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1 , 900
1,000
7,400
7,500, 1,000

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Iris florentina L.

Chocolate, fruit, nut, vanilla, cream soda
244
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1,
25
1
0.56
1.2
100
96
PARSLEY
Botanical :

Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Petroselinum crispum (Miller)

Nyman
(P . sativum Hoffm . )

Spice

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
PEGU CATECHU, EXTRACT

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3,000
850
2,700
1,000
500
PENNYROYAL, OIL
Botanical name:
PARSLEY, OIL
Botanical name:
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers .

(American)
Mentha pulegium L. var. eriantha
(European and North African)

Mint
Nyman
(P . sativum Hoffm . )

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Fruit, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.4
0.20, 0.25
4.1
8.5
4.9
Botanical name:
Piper nigrum L.

Sausage, spice

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Pickles

Nyman
(P. sativum Hoffm.)

Spice

Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5,
30
PATCHOULY, OIL
Piper nigrum L .

Meat, spice
Pogostemon cablin Benth .

P . heyneanus Benth .
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Cola, fruit, nut, spice

Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
30
1 , 200
690
1,700
27, 100
7.2,230
PEPPER, BLACK, OIL

Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5, 5
3.7
14
20, 24
PEPPER, BLACK
PARSLEY, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
6.3
10
43, 220
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.88
1.1
245
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.7
0.10, 20
5.3
8.5
17
140
PEPPER, BLACK, OLEORESDM
PEPPER, WHITE, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Piper nigrum L.

Sausage, pepper
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15
1,
20
1,
15
1,600
370
230

Meats
PEPPERMINT LEAVES
Capsicum frutescens L .
(Capsicum annuum L.)
Botanical name:

Liver, sausage, ginger ale

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15, 240
270
630
310
11, 59
Mentha piperita L .

Chocolate, fruit, cordials, creme de menthe,
peppermint, nut, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
Beverages
99
Ice cream, ices
110
Candy
1,200
Baked goods
300
75, 200
Chewing gum
8, 300
Meats
8
Liquors
240
Icings
5,
54
Toppings
650
PEPPER, WHITE
Piper nigrum L .

Sausage, spice

Beverages
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Mentha piperita L .
PEPPERMINT, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
50
PEPPER TREE, OIL

(See Schinus molle, oil)
PEPPER, RED
Botanical name:
Piper nigrum L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
5.9, 140
450
2,700
600
500
PERSIC, OIL
(See Apricot kernel, oil)
PETITGRAIN, LEMON, OIL

PEPPER, WHITE, OIL
Botanical name:
Botanical name:

Citrus, fruit
Piper nigrum L.

Spice

Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.60
246
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8.6
9.3
35
35
PETITGRAIN, MANDARIN, OIL

Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Citrus reticulata Blanco var .

Mandarin

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods

Orange, tangerine, grape

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Pinus sylvestris L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.3
4.1
4.5
11
0.43
PINE NEEDLE, DWARF, OIL

Botanical name:
Pinus mugo Turra var . pumilio

(Haenke) Zenari

Citrus, pineapple, liquor
PETITGRAIN, OIL
Botanical name:

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Loganberry, raspberry, strawberry, lime,
neroli, orange, cola, violet, apple, banana,
cherry, grape, peach, pear, honey, muscatel,
nut, ginger, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
1.4
5.3
17
0.20
4.1
15
Botanical name:
Abies sibirica Ledeb.

A. alba Mill
A. sachalinensis Masters
A . mayriana Miyabe and Kudo

Pineapple, citrus, liquor, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Raspberry, fruit, nut, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meat products
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.39
0.63
1.9
1.9
PINE NEEDLE, OIL
PIMENTA LEAF, OIL

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
3
2
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.5
0.62
5.2
2.7
PINE TAR, OIL

Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.8
1.3
35
32
0.06
80
80
160
Botanical name:
Pinus palustris Mill, and other

species of Pinus

Licorice

Ice cream, ices
Candy
, MOUNTAIN, OIL
(See Pine needle, dwarf, oil)
PINUS PUMILIO, OIL

(See Pine needle, dwarf, oil)
PINE, SCOTCH, OIL

247
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
10
PIPSISSEWA LEAVES, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
QUACK GRASS
Chimaphila umbellata Nutt .

QUASSIA, EXTRACT

Root beer, sarsaparilla, wintergreen, birch
beer

Beverages
Candy . .
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
41
75
Quassia amara L.
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.

Bitters, citrus, cherry, grape, liquor, root
beer, sarsaparilla, vanilla
PLANTAROME
(See Yucca, Mohave, extract)

Beverages
Baked goods
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.4
50
3.4
POMEGRANATE BARK, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Pnica granatum L.
QUEBRACHO BARK, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
POPPY SEED
Botanical name:
Papaver somniferum L .

Spice
Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl.

(Quebrachia lorentzzi Griseb.)
Aspidosperma quebracho- bianco
Schlecht.

Fruit, rum, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
8,600
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, rum, tobacco,
smoke, vanilla
QUICK GRASS

Baked goods

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
15
51
33
30
30, 300
QUILLAIA
Botanical name:
Qu illaja saponaria Molina

Fruit, root beer, spice
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID, EXTRACT

Free from water-soluble components and from tars
Smoke

Baked goods ....
Meats
Alcoholic beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
23
27
28
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
50, 200
100, 300
20

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Sirups
QUININE, EXTRACT
(See Cinchona, extract)
248
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
95
0.12
18
6.8
QUINCE SEED, EXTRACT

Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum
Jellies
Cydonia oblonga Mill.

(Cydonia vulgaris Pers.)

Fruit

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 40
0.06, 20
1
ROSE HIPS, EXTRACT

Hipberries, extract
Botanical name:
RHATANY, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Krame ria triandra Ruiz et Pavon

(Peruvian)
. argentea Martius (Brazilian)
Rosa canina L.
R. gallica L.
R. condita Scop.
R. rugosa Thunb.
and other Rosa species

None listed

Raspberry, bitters, fruit, rum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.51
0.68
2.6
0.57
0.5, 0.01
15
0.05

None reported
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
31
40
63 , 8
10
ROSEMARY
Botanical name:
Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Meat, spice
RICINUS, OIL
(See Castor, oil)
Beverages
Condiments
Meats
ROSE, ABSOLUTE
Botanical name:
Rosa alba L .
R. centifolia L. and varieties of
these species
ROSEMARY, OIL

Berry, rose, fruit, nut

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Botanical name:
Rosmarinus officinalis L .

Citrus, peach, meat, ginger
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.63
1.2
2
1.6

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
ROSE, BULGARIAN, TRUE OTTO, OIL

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
700
680
380
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.6
0.50, 4
7.5
6.3
2.9
40
Rosa damascena Mill.

Loganberry, raspberry, strawberry, orange,
rose, violet, cherry, grape, peach, honey,
muscatel, maple, almond, pecan, ginger ale
ROSE WATER, STRONGER

Botanical name:
249
Rosa centifolia L.
ROSE WATER, STRONGER (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments

Raspberry, cola

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3, 7.5
1.3, 9
6^3
1 .9, 14
50
SAGE
RUE
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Salvia officinalis L .
Ruta graveolens L .
Fruit, spice

Spice

Baked goods

Beverages
Baked goods
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
6
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
300
170
1,500
RUE, OIL
SAGE, OIL
Botanical name:
Ruta graveolens L.
Botanical name:

Blueberry, raspberry, coconut, grape, peach,
rum, cheese, nut, spice

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments

Berry, grape, liquors, meat, creme de menthe,
nutmeg, sage
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.2
1.3
4.1
3.3
1

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Pickles
SAFFRON
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
3.7
16
11
14
30
14
110
2.4
Crocus sativus L.
SAGE, OLEORESIN

Bitters, liquor, spice
Botanical name:
Beverages
Baked goods
Meats
Liquors
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.3
10
260
200

Sausage, spice

Condiments
Meats
. .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
100
100
SAFFRON, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
SAGE, SPANISH, OIL
Crocus sativus L .
Botanical name:

Honey, rum
Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl.

Fruit, spice
250
SAGE, SPANISH, OIL (cont'd)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats

Rum, root beer
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,
11
2,
44
20
20
50
40

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
290
10
100
50
SASSAFRAS LEAVES (Safrol-free)

SAIGON CINNAMON
(See Cinnamon)
Botanical name:
SAIGON CINNAMON LEAF, OIL


Soups
SANDALWOOD, EAST INDIAN, OIL

SAUNDERS, WHITE, OIL

SANDALWOOD, YELLOW, OIL
SAVORY, SUMMER
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Santalum album L.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
30,000
Satureja hortensis L .

Spice

Floral, fruit, honey, ginger ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.4
7.5
7.7
6.6
47

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
800, 850
200
1,100
SAVORY, SUMMER, OIL

Botanical name:
SAPONIN
(See Quillaia)

Spice
SARSAPARILLA, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Satureja hortensis L .
Smilax species
Condiments
Candy
Baked goods

Cola, mint, root beer, sarsaparilla, wintergreen, birch beer

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
190
130
1 , 000
2,000
SAVORY, SUMMER, OLEORESIN

Botanical name:
Satureja hortensis L.

Spice
SASSAFRAS BARK, EXTRACT (Safrol-free)

Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 50
4
4

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees

251
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4
4
50, 35

Berry, plum, liquor
SAVORY, WINTER
Botanical name:
Satureja montana L .
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Cordials
SAVORY, WINTER, OIL

Botanical name:

Spice

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
110
50, 100
40
45
43,000
SLOE BERRIES, EXTRACT SOLID
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.0
4.0
50
Botanical name:
Prunus spinosa L .
SMALLAGE
(See Lovage)
SAVORY, WINTER, OLEORESDSf
Botanical name:
SMALLAGE, EXTRACT
(See Lovage, extract)

Spice

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
SMALLAGE, OIL
(See Lovage, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.0
4.0
50
SMELLAGE
(See Lovage)
SMELLAGE, EXTRACT
(See Lovage, extract)
SCHINUS MOLLE, OIL

Botanical name:
Schinus molle L.
SMELLAGE, OIL
(See Lovage, oil)

Spice

Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
10
3
SNAKEROOT, CANADIAN, OIL

Botanical name:
As arum canadense L .

Ginger, ginger ale, wintergreen, birch beer
SIBERIAN FIR, OIL
(See Pine needle, oil)
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
SLOE BERRIES
Botanical name:
Prunus spinosa L .

Sloe gin
SOAP BARK
(See Quillaia)
SLOE BERRIES, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Prunus spinosa L .
SPANISH HOPS
(See Dittany of Crete)
252
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
1.9
1,
5
8.3
8.3
1.4, 4
SPANISH ORIGANUM
(See Origanum, oil (extractive))

Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
18
33, 50
SPEARMINT
Botanical name:
Mentha spicata L.
SPIRAL FLAG, OIL

(See Costus root, oil)

Spearmint

Beverages
Meats
Condiments
SPRUCE, OIL
(See Hemlock, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
500
500
1,000
STERCULIA
(See Karaya, gum)
SPEARMINT, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
ST. JOHN'S BREAD

(See Carob bean, extract)
Mentha spicata L .

Meat, spearmint, spice
STORAX
Botanical name:

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,100
100
0.20

Strawberry, fruit, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Toppings
SPEARMINT, OIL
Botanical name:
Mentha spicata L.

Butter, caramel, citrus, fruit, garlic, soy,
spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Fats and oils
Icings
Liquidambar orientalis Mill.

Liquidambar styraciflua L.
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
200
60
600
1,800
100,000
180
50,000
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2
2
13
23
300
15
STYRAX, GUM
(See Storax)
STYRAX, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Liquidambar orientalis Mill.

Liquidambar styraciflua L.

SPIKE LAVENDER, OIL
Botanical name:
Lavandula latifolia Vill.

(Lavandula s pica DC.)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Floral, fruit, mint, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10, 11
10, 44
SWEET FLAG
(See Calamus)
253
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.84
0.25, 0.60
3.5
4,
6
0.04
SWEET FLAG, OIL

(See Calamus, oil)
TARRAGON, OIL
(See Estragon, oil)
TAGETES, OIL
TERRA JAPONICA
Botanical name:
Tagetes erecta L.
Tagetes patula L.
T . glandulifera Schrank
THYME

Fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Condiments
Botanical name:
Thymus vulgaris L .

Meat, tuna, spice
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
4.1
7.4
9
13
7
20

Beverages
Candy
Baked goods
Meats
Soups
TANGAN -TANGAN, OIL

(See Castor, oil)
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
13
5
550
360
500, 1,000
THYME, OIL
Botanical name:
Thymus vulgaris L .
TANGERINE, OIL
Botanical name:

Sausage, spice, thyme
Citrus reticulata Blanco

Blueberry, mandarin, orange, tangerine,
fruit

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts
Chewing gum

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
78
160
160
250
20
810
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
1.
5
20
1,
15
1.5, 5.3
100
18
33
0.13
THYME, WHITE, OIL

TAR, OIL
(See Pine tar, oil)
Botanical name:
Thymus vulgaris L .

Fruit, liquor, thyme
TARRAGON
Botanical name:
Artemisia dracunculus L.

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Wine

Spice

Baked goods
Condiments
Meats
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
20
23
260
254
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.01, 1
0.01
27
5.4
4,
8
15
5
TOLU, BALSAM, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Myroxylon balsamum L. Harms.

(M. toluiferum HBK.)

Butter, butterscotch, cherry, spice

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
32
150
57
71
2,
38
Botanical name:

Fruit, maple, vanilla
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.6
13
5.2
8
3

Beverages
Condiments
Meats
Soup bases
Pickles
Botanical name:
Curcuma longa L .

Spice

Condiments
Meats
Pickles and brine
TRITICUM
Botanical name:
Polianthes tuberosa L .

Pinus species

Spice

Peach
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.26
0.45
1.5
1.7
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
15
TURPENTINE, STEAM DISTILLED

Botanical name:

Pinus species

Spice
TURMERIC
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
640
20, 100
200
TURPENTINE, GUM
TUBEROSE, OIL

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
0.78
59
43
30, 40
40
TURMERIC, OLEORESIN
TRIFOLIUM, EXTRACT SOLID

(See Clover tops, red, extract solid)
Botanical name:
Curcuma longa L.

Fruit, meat, cheese
Myroxylon balsamum L. Harms.

(M. toluiferum HBK.)

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.05
760
200
30, 50
690
TURMERIC, EXTRACT
TOLU, BALSAM, GUM

Botanical name:

Puddings
Condiments
Meats
Soups
Pickles
Curcuma longa L .

Coconut, ginger ale
255
VANILLA, EXTRACT
TURPENTINE, STEAM DISTILLED (cont'd)

Candy . . .
Baked goods
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
11
10, 20

Strawberry, butter, butterscotch, caramel,
chocolate, cola, fruit, maple, root beer,
vanilla, cream soda
VALERIAN ROOT, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Vanilla planifolia Andrews

Vanilla tahetinsis J. W. Moore
Valeriana officinalis L .
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Sirups
Icings
Toppings

Cheese, fruit, maple, black walnut, walnut,
vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
25
35
65
69
24
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
200
3,000
4,000
1 , 900
8.5, 54
2 , 000 , 4,800
2,700
VANILLA, OLEORESIN
Botanical name:

Vanilla tahetinsis J. W. Moore
VALERIAN ROOT, OIL

Botanical name:

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, chocolate,
fruit, maple, root beer, vanilla, cream soda
Valeriana officinalis L.

Raspberry, cheese, grape, peach, honey,
maple, black walnut

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Gelatin desserts

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Condiments
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.52
0.36
2.6
3.1
0.02, 1.5
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
190
290
210
300
230
200
VIOLET LEAVES, ABSOLUTE

VANILLA
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Vanilla tahetinsis J . W . Moore

Berry, violet, fruit

Butter, butterscotch, caramel, chocolate, fruit,
vanilla

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Puddings
Sirups
Icings
Toppings
Viola odorata L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
420
600
490
530
630
10
200, 630
300

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2.3
8.4
7.6
2,
24
WALNUT HULL, EXTRACT

Botanical name:
Juglans nigra L .
J. regia L.

Walnut
256
WALNUT HULL, EXTRACT (cont'd)

Beverages
Icecream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
WORMWOOD, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
43 , 90
100, 170
130
100
Artemisia absinthium L.

Bitters, liquor, vermouth
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
15, 43
170
130
10, 40

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Liquors
WHITE FLAG, EXTRACT

(See Orris root, extract)
WILD GINGER, CANADIAN, OIL

(See Snake root, Canadian, oil)
WORMWOOD, OIL
Botanical name:
WINTERGREEN, EXTRACT
Botanical name:

Bitters, apple, vermouth, wine
Gauitheria procumbens L .

Root beer, wintergreen

Beverages
Candy . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
10
900, 5,000
WINTERGREEN, OIL
YARROW, HERB
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Gaultheria procumbens L .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
29
5,
40

Beverages
Liquor . .
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
56
44
260
1 , 500
3,900
YELLOW MELILOT
(See Melilot herb)
YERBA SANTA, FLUID EXTRACT
WORMWOOD
Botanical name:
Achillea millefolium L .

Liquor, root beer, spice

Checkerberry, raspberry, teaberry, fruit, nut,
root beer, sassafrass, spice, wintergreen

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
14
0.50, 32
9
2
11

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Botanical name:

Bitters, liquor

Beverages
Liquors
Eriodictyon californicum
(Hook, and Arn.) Torr.

Fruit
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
360
5

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
257
Approx . Avg
Maximum ppm
25
200
400
400
YLANG YLANG, OIL
YUCCA, MOHAVE, EXTRACT
Botanical name:
Botanical name:
Cananga odorata Hook . f .

and Thomson

Raspberry, cola, violet, cherry, rum, ginger
ale

Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Chewing gum
Icings
Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies

(Y. mohavensis Sarg.)

Root beer

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
0.95
1.4
2.9
2.9
18, 25
0.75
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
150
ZEDOARY
Botanical name:
Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rose.

Bitters, ginger ale
YUCCA, JOSHUA TREE
Botanical name:
Yucca brevifolia Engelm .

Beverages
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
2,000

Root beer
ZEDOARY BARK, EXTRACT
Beverages . . .
Ice cream, ices
Approx. Avg
Maximum ppm
120
20
Botanical name:
258
Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rose.
GROUP 12
MISCELLANEOUS YEAST FOODS, FIRMING AGENTS, TEXTURIZERS,
BINDERS, ANTI-CAKING AGENTS, ENZYMES
GROUP 12:
MISCELLANEOUS YEAST FOODS, FIRMING AGENTS, TEXTURIZERS, BINDERS,

ANTI-CAKING AGENTS, ENZYMES
Name
Function, Usage
Abietic Acid
Carrier
Enriched rice . Up to
Acetic Anhydride
Food starch modifier. Up to
Acetone
Solvent
Residual in spice oleoresins . Up to
Adipic Anhydride
5.0%
0.003%
0.12%
Anti- caking agent

Vanilla powder . Up to
Aluminum Potassium
Sulfate
0.0026%
Food- starch modifying agent

In presence of up to 5% acetic anhydride, up to
Aluminum Calcium Sulfate
Levels of Use
2.0%
Firming agent, carrier for bleaching agent

Pickles, sweet and dill
Cereal flours. Carrier for benzoyl peroxide in
bleached flours and cheeses . One part by weight of
benzoyl peroxide to six parts by weight of carrier
Blue cheese
Gorgonzola cheese. Milk may be bleached by the use
of benzoyl peroxide or a mixture of benzoyl with
potassium alum, calcium sulfate, and magnesium
carbonate; but the weight of the benzoyl peroxide is
not more than 0.002% of the weight of the milk being
bleached and the weight of the potassium alum, cal
cium sulfate, and magnesium carbonate, singly or
combined, is not more than six times the weight of
the benzoyl peroxide used
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate
Firming agent, carrier for bleaching agent

Same as for Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
Aluminum Starate
Aluminum Sulfate
Firming agent
Pickles, sweet and dill. Up to
Ammonium Chloride
Yeast food, dough conditioner

Yeast food in yeast production
Bread, rolls, buns, etc. Calcium sulfate, calcium
lactate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate,
ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulfate, ammonium
chloride, or any combination of two or more of these;
but the total quantity of such ingredients is not more
than 0.25 part for each 100 parts by weight of flour
used
Ammonium Sulfate

Yeast food in production of champagne and other
sparkling wines
Same as for Ammonium Chloride
Aspergillus Oryzae,
preparation from
Amylase and protease

Bakery products . Bread, rolls, buns, etc.
261
1.0%
Function, Usage
Name
Candy glaze and polish . Up to
Beeswax
(Yellow wax, bleached
(white) wax)
Bentonite
Clarifying agent in wine, etc.
Bromelin
Enzyme for tenderizing meats
Brominated Vegetable Oils
Clouding agent. These high-density oils are blended with

low-density essential oils to make them easier to
emulsify
Used largely in soft drinks
Citrus -flavo red beverages
Ice cream, ices
Baked goods
Butadiene -Styrene Copolymer
Butane
Gas
Butyl Rubber, without

inhibitor (chewing-gum
grade)
Caffeine
Stimulant
Cola beverages . Up to
Calcium Carbonate
Firming agent
Firming tomatoes, apple slices
Calcium Hydroxide
0.02%
2.5%
0.05%
0.03%
0.051%
0.026%
Firming agent
Jelling ingredient
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly in amount necessary
Canned potatoes, canned sweet peppers. Calcium con
tent of the finished product, up to
Canned tomatoes. Calcium content of the finished
product, up to
Calcium Gluconate
0.0007
0.03
0.001
0.0015
Firming agent
Used to firm sliced apples and other fruit
Apple-pie mix, for firming slices
Jelling ingredient
Certain cheeses. Up to 0.02% of the weight of the milk
is added as an optional ingredient to aid coagulation
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly in amount necessary
Canned potatoes . Calcium content of the finished
product, up to
Canned tomatoes . Calcium content of the finished
product, up to
Calcium Citrate
0 . 4%
Yeast food, firming agent, carrier

Used in candies; in hard candies to prevent sticking;
in fudge to promote creaming. Up to
Cereal flours . Carrier for bleaching ingredient . One
part benzoyl peroxide per six parts carrier, maximum
Bread, rolls, buns, etc. See Ammonium Chloride
Calcium Chloride
Levels of Use
Firming agent
Firming various fruit products
262
0.51%
0 .026%
0.06%
0.05%
0.06%
0.02%
Function, Usage
Name
Calcium Lactate
Calcium Oxide
Levels of Use
Yeast food, dough conditioners

Bread, rolls, buns, etc. Same as for Ammonium
Chloride
Calcium Phosphate, dibasic

(Dicalcium orthophosphate)

Constituent of bread improvers per 100 lbs of flour
Cereal flours. Carrier for bleaching ingredient.
One part benzoyl peroxide per six parts of carrier,
maximum
Calcium Phosphate, mono

basic
(Monocalcium orthophosphate, monocalcium
acid phosphate)
Yeast food, dough conditioner, firming agent
Calcium Phosphate, tribasic
Anti- caking agent
Jelling ingredient
Bread, rolls, buns, etc.
Artificially sweetened fruit jelly
For canned potatoes, canned sweet peppers,
and canned tomatoes, see Calcium Citrate
Table salt
Powdered sugar
Malted milk powder
Condiments
Puddings
Meat dry-curing mixtures
Cereal flours . See Calcium Phosphate, dibasic
Vanilla powder. Anti- caking ingredient . Total
weight of such ingredients up to
Calcium Salts
Calcium Salts of fatty acids
Binder, anti-caking agent
Calcium Sulfate
Yeast food, dough conditioner, firming agent

Yeast food in brewing and other fermentation industries
Production of Spanish type or flor sherry, as potassium
sulfate, up to
Jelling ingredient
Cereal flours. Carrier for bleaching agent. One part
benzoyl peroxide per six parts carrier, maximum
Blue cheese
Gorgonzola cheese . Bleach ingredient
For canned potatoes, canned sweet peppers, and canned
tomatoes. See Calcium Citrate
Pressure-dispensing agent
Gassed creams (pressure-dispensed whipped cream)
Casein
Ammonium Caseinate
Calcium Caseinate
Potassium Caseinate
Sodium Caseinate
1.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.0047 - 0.054%
0.05 - 0.1%
2.0%
Firming agent
Potatoes. Purified calcium chloride, calcium citrate,
calcium sulfate, monocalcium phosphate, or any
mixture of two or more such calcium salts in a quan
tity reasonably necessary to firm the potatoes, up to
Canned tomatoes. Purified calcium salts as for potatoes,
up to
Carbon Dioxide
0.25 lbs
Texturizer
Ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbets
263
0.051%
0.026%
0.2%
Function, Usage
Name
Castor Oil
Release and anti-sticking agent in hard-candy products

In hard candy up to
Catalase
0.05%
Enzyme
In milk for making cheeses for elimination of residual
peroxide
Chilte
Citrate, Sodium
Citric Acid
Nutrients for culture media

Cultured buttermilk
Epichlorhydrin
Modifier for food starch, up to
Ethyl Alcohol
(Ethanol)
Solvent
Candy glaze
Beverages
Ice cream, ices
Candy
Baked goods
Liquors
Sauces
Gelatin desserts
Ethyl Cellulose
0.002%
0.12 - 0.2%
0.3%
0.075
0.034
0.09
0.02
0.1%
0.017
Binder and filler in dry vitamin preparations . Up to

Chewing gum
Confectionery
Ethylene Dichloride
Levels of Use
- 0.023%
35%
.025%
.012%
Solvent
Spice oleoresins, up to
Fatty Acids, free of chickedema factor (caprylic,

capric, lauric, myristic,
oleic, palmitic, stearic,
and combinations of these)
and related fat-forming acids
General food use, binder, lubricant
Fatty Acids, salts of

(one or more of the aluminum,
ammonium, calcium, mag
nesium, potassium, and
sodium salts of the above
fatty acids)
Binder, anti-caking agents
Fatty Acids of cottonseed and

soybean
Lubricant, binder; component in manufacture of other

food-grade additives
Fatty Acids of tallow
Food lubricant and binder; component in manufacture

of other food additives
Ferrocyanide Decahydrate,
Sodium
(Yellow prussiate of soda)
Anti-caking agent in salt

Adjunct in the production of dendritic salt crystals
in nonstandardized foods, up to
Anhydrous ferrocyanide, up to
Ficin
Enzyme tenderizer for meat
Fumaric Acid (Rosin adduct,

esterified with glycerin)
Marking- ink component

Fruits and vegetables
264
0.2%
0.1%
0.18%
45%
0.005%
0.0013%
0.0005%
Function, Usage
Name
Gibberellic Acid and its
potassium salt
Used in malting barley (brewers or distillers)

In malt up to
In finished malt beverage up to
In distilled spirits up to
Glutamate, Ammonium
Glutamate, Monopotassium
Glutamic Acid
Glutamic Acid Hydrochloride
Flavoring intensifiers, adjuncts, salt substitutes
Glycerin
(Glycerol)
Humectant, solvent, bodying agent, plasticizer for edible

coatings
Humectant in marshmallows, pastilles, and jelly-like
candies
Solvent for colors and flavors
Bodying agent in combination with gelatin and edible
gums
Plasticizer in edible coatings for meat and cheese
Beverages
Baked goods
Chewing gums
Gelatin desserts
Meat products
Soda-fountain fudge
Glycerine, polymerized and

esterified with distilled oleic,
stearic, and coconut-oil
fatty acids (free of chickedema factor)
Crystallization inhibitor in oils and other foods
Glyceryl Abietate
(Glyceryl ester of
wood rosin)
Density adjuster for citrus oil used in the preparation

of beverages
Alcoholic beverages, still and carbonated. Up to
Fruit drinks . Up to
Gum Benzoin
Levels of Use
0 . 0002%
0.0005%
0.0%
10.0%
0.025 - 0.06%
10.0%
0.13%
0.0
0.45
0.6%
0.009 0.036%
0.001 0.004%
0.4-2.3%
0.006%
0.006%
Candy glaze and polish

Helium
Propellant for foods packed in pressurized containers
Hexane
Solvent for spice oleoresins. Up to
Isobutylene-isoprene
Copolymer
Component of chewing-gum base
Isopropanol
(Isopropyl alcohol)
Component of defoamer used in beet-sugar and yeast

production
Solvent for spice oleoresins . Up to
Lanolin
Magnesium Carbonate
Drying agent, color- retention agent, bleach ingredient,

anti-caking agent, carrier
Free- running and iodized salt
Diluent for benzoyl peroxide mixtures in bleached
flours and cheeses
Filler for cereal enrichment pre-mixes
Cereal flours . Carrier for bleaching ingredient (one
part benzoyl peroxide per six parts carrier, maximum)
Blue cheese
Gorgonzola cheese
265
0.4%
0.0025%
0.005%
Name
Magnesium Chloride
Function, Usage
Levels of Use
Color- retention agent, firming agent

Canned peas
Magnesium Hydroxide
Drying agent and color- retention agent

Used for improved gel curd formation in cheese manu
facture . Approximately
Magnesium Sulfate
Water corrective
Used in brewing industry. Up to
Mannitol
Mineral Oil
0.01%
Dusting or anti-sticking agent, texturizing agent, excipient

Chewing gum . Up to
Candy. Up to
Methyl Glucoside of fatty

acids of edible coconut oil
0.1%
Crystallization aid in beet-sugar manufacture. Up to

Coating for fresh fruits and vegetables. Up to
Defoaming agent in processing. In food up to
Lubricant and binder for capsules and tablets supplying
small quantities of flavor, spice, condiment, and
vitamins
Sealant in food production to prevent access of air and
to retard evaporation. Up to
Lubricant in food- processing equipment. In food, up to
Dough-divider oil, pan oil, and trough grease . Up to
Lubricant in meat-packing plants. In meat, up to
Release agent in drying pans
In dried egg albumin, up to
In dried fruits and vegetables, up to
Release agent and sealant in confectionery
Morpholine
Morpholine Salt of fatty acids
Component of coating on fresh fruits and vegetables
Nickel
Catalyst for hydrognation of fat
1.0%
5.0%
5 ppm
0.00035%
0.015%
0
0
0
0
.005%
001%
15%
005%
0.1%
0.02%
0.4%
Sufficient for purpose

Nitrate, Potassium
(Saltpeter, niter)
Color fixative in cured-meat products

Cured meat products , as nitrite , up to
Pickling brine, per 100 gal, up to
Meat, dry cure, per 100 lbs, up to
Chopped meat, per 100 lbs, up to
Nitrate, Sodium
Color fixative
Cured meats. Frankfurter, bacon, uncooked smoked ham,
bologna, meat spreads, potted meats, Vienna sausage,
spiced ham, poultry, wild game. As nitrite, up to
Meat- curing salt
Smoked, cured shad and salmon. As nitrite, up to
As nitrate, up to
Nitrite, Potassium
0.02%
0.05%
0.05%
Color fixative
Cured meat products . Up to
Nitrite, Sodium
0.02%
7 lbs
3 1/2 oz
2 3/4 oz
0.02%
Color fixative
Cured meats. Bacon, bologna, frankfurter, deviled
ham, meat spreads, potted meats, spiced ham, vienna
sausage, uncooked smoked ham . Up to
Meat curing salt
266
0.02%
Name
Nitrite, Sodium (cont'd)
Nitrogen
Function, Usage
Smoked-cured tuna fish products. Up to
Smoked-cured shad and salmon. Up to
Levels of Use
0.001%
0.02%
Gas -packed foods

Dressings for foods. Air may be replaced by nitrogen
or carbon dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Whipping agent and propellant for certain dairy and vegetablefat toppings in pressurized containers
Octafluorocyclobutane
Propellant and aerating agent in foamed or sprayed food

products. Used alone or in combination with carbon dioxide
or nitrous oxide
Oleic Acid
Lubricant and binder for foods; component in manufacture of

food -grade additives
Oxystearin
Crystallization inhibitor
Cottonseed and soybean cooking and salad oils . Up to
Papain
Petrolatum
Proteinase enzyme for meat tenderizing

Enriched farina . Added to reduce cooking time . Up to
0.1%
Release agent and sealant for confectionery. Up to

Coating for fruits and vegetables
Component of protective coating for cheese
Bakery products; dough divider oil, pan oil, trough
grease . Up to
Lubricant in meat-packing plants. Up to
Release agent in drying pans for dried-egg albumin.
Up to
Release agent in drying pans for dehydrated fruits and
vegetables. Up to
Lubricant for tableted, capsulated, or extruded food,
excluding confectionery. Up to
0.4%
Phosphate, Ammonium,
dibasic
(Diammonium orthophosphate)
Phosphate, Ammonium,
monobasic
(Monoammonium orthophosphate)
Phosphate, Potassium, dibasic

(Dipotassium orthophosphate)
Phosphate, Potassium, mono
basic
(Monopotassium orthophosphate)
Yeast food
Used in brewing industry for water corrective and yeast

food . Up to
Used in brewing industry as yeast food. Up to

Yeast food in production of champagne and other
sparkling wines
Pimaric and Abietic Acid Co

Surface coatings on fresh fruits. Up to
polymers and/or resin con
stituents reacted with hydrated
lime
Polyacrylamide
Film former in imprinting of soft-shell gelatin capsules.
Polyacrylamide contains up to 0.2% of acrylamide monomer
Polyacrylic Acid
Flocculant in clarification of sugar juice
(Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide
and /or hydrolyzed polyBeet sugar. Up to
ac rylonitrile)
Cane sugar. Up to
Polyethylene
(Mol. wt 2,000 to 21,000)
0. 125%
267
0.15%
0.005%
0.1%
0.02%
0.001%
0.015%
0.01%
0.02%
0.0001%
0.0005%
Name
Function, Usage
Polyethylene Glycol, 400,

USP
Vehicle in non-nutritive artificial sweetener
Polyethylene Glycol, 400

through 6000
Component of coatings and binders in tableted foods .

Improves resistance to oxidation and moisture
Polyethylene Glycol, 6000

(Average mol. wt
6,000 to 7,500)
Binder and plasticizing agent in tablets used for food; as an

adjunct in tablet coatings to improve resistance to moisture
and oxidation
Polyvinyl Acetate
(Mol. wt 2,000 min)
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Dietary products
Intake per day, up to
Clarifying agent in beverages and vinegar
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Clarifying agent in vinegar . Up to
Potassium Chloride
Yeast food
Used in brewing industry to improve brewing and fermen
tation. Up to
Jelling ingredient
Potassium Sulfate
40 mg
0.004%
0.04%
Water corrective
Used in brewing industry. Up to
Propane
Gas
Propylene Glycol
Solvent, wetting agent, humectant

Confections
Chocolate products . Up to
Ice-cream emulsifiers
Flavor and color solvent
Shredded coconut
Beverages
Baked goods
Toppings and icings . Up to
Meat products
Rennet
(Rennin)
Enzyme for curd production in cheese making
Resin, Acrylamide
acrylic acid
Used in clarifying beet- sugar or cane-sugar juice

By weight of juice, up to
Resin, Coumarone-indene
Levels of Use
0.005%
0.05 - 5.0%
1.4%
0.03 - 0.08%
0.04 - 0.07%
0.05 - 0.13%
0.8%
0.0007 - 0.004%
0.0005%

Protective coating for citrus fruit. Fresh fruit basis,
up to
Resin, Isobutylene
(Polyisobutylene)
Resin, Methacrylic and

divinyl benzene copolymer
of fine particle size, weakly
acidic, cation-exchange type
Adsorbent for Vitamin Bj2 in nutritional supplement-type

products
Resin, Petroleum Hydrocarbon,

aliphatic
(Mol. wt approx. 1,100)
268
0.02%
Function, Usage
Name
Resin, Terpene
(Alpha- and beta-pinene)
Levels of Use

Beta-pinene polymer, moisture barrier on soft
gelatin capsules. Per weight of capsule, up to
Same polymer as moisture barrier on powder of
ascorbic acid or its salts . Up to
0.02%
0.07%
7.0%
Components of chewing-gum base

Rosins
Methyl ester of hydrogenated
rosin
Glycerin ester of partially
hydrogenated wood rosin
Glycerin ester of polymerized
rosin
Hydrogenated rosin polymers
of glycerin or pentaerythritol
Rubber, Butadiene Styrene
(latex)
Rubber, smoked sheet and
latex solids (natural)
Shellac
Chewing-gum base
Candy glaze and polish. Up to
Silica Gel
(Silicic acid, precipitated)
Anti-caking agent in curing mixes, etc. Up to
Silicates
Anti- caking agents
0.4%
0.5%
Silicate, Aluminum Calcium
Table salt . Up to
Vanilla powder. Up to
2.0%
2.0%
Silicate, Calcium
Table salt. Up to
Baking powder. Up to
2.0%
5.0%
Silicate , Magnesium
Table salt . Up to
2.0%
2.0%
Silicate , Sodium Alumino(Sodium silicoaluminate)
Table salt. Up to
Dried egg yolk. Up to
2.0%
2.0%
Silicate, Sodium Calcium

Alumino(Sodium calcium silico
aluminate) hydrated
Table salt . Up to
2.0%
Silicate, Tricalcium
Table salt . Up to
2.0%
Silicon Dioxide, colloidal
Free-flowing agent in salt, seasoned salt, sodium bicarbon

ate . Up to
Vitamin products . Up to
Dietary products . Up to
Spices, meat-curing compounds, and flavoring powders
Dehydrated honey, dehydrated molasses , dehydrated
nondiastatic malt. Up to
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Sulfide
Component of chewing-gum base as reaction- control agent
Sorbitol
Humectant, texturizing agent, sugar-crystallization controller

Shredded coconut
Dietetic fruit packs and soft drinks
Frozen desserts
269
1 .0%
0.5%
0.75%
2.0%
2.0%
Name
Sorbitol (cont'd)
Function, Usage
Confections
Baked goods
Icings and fillings
Meat products
2.2 - 75%
0.025 - 15%
0.025 - 0.05%
Sperm Oil, hydrogenated
Release agent or lubricant in baking pans
Stearate, Calcium
Anti-caking agent
Onion and garlic salts
Stearate, Magnesium
Levels of Use
2.0 - 5.0%
2.0%
Anti-caking agent
Onion and garlic salts
Releasing agent in compressed sugar lozenges
Stearate, Sodium
Anti-caking agent, binder, chewing-gum base component
Stearic Acid
Softener in chewing-gum base
Talc
Anti-caking agent
2.0%
Added to vitamin supplements to render free -flowing

Tannic Acid
Clarifying agent
Brewing and wine industries . Up to
Refining agent for rendered fats
Triacetin
(Glyceryl triacetate)
Vegetable and fruit coatings
Trienlo roe thylene
Solvent
Residue in decaffeinated coffee, ground. Up to
Decaffeinated soluble coffee. Up to
Spice oleoresins. For total chlorinated solvent
residues up to
0.01%
0.0025%
0.001%
0.003%
Triethanolam ine
Component of coating on fruits and vegetables. Up to
0.0002%
Triisopropanolamine
Component of coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables.

Up to
2 ppm
Urea
Yeast food
Wine production. Up to
Wax, Bee's
Wax, Carnauba
Wax, Microcrystalline and
Paraffin
(Paraffin)
2 lbs /1000 gal
See Beeswax
Candy glaze and polish. Up to
0.4%
Component of coating on fresh fruits and vegetables; com

ponent of chewing-gum base
In matrix formation or external application to vitamin
products
Coating for certain cheeses
Wax, Rice Bran
Coating for candy. Up to

Plasticizer in chewing gum . Up to
2 70
0.005%
0.005%
2 . 5%
INDEX
Abies alba Mill, see Pine needle, oil

Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, see Balsam fir,
oil; Balsam fir, oleoresin
Abiea mayriana Miyabe and Kudo, see Pine
needle, oil
Abieg sachalinensis Masters, see Pine
needle, oil
Abies sibirica Ledeb., see Pine needle,
oil
Abietic acid, 261
Absinthium, 207, see Wormwood
Absinthium, Extract, 207, see Wormwood,
extract
Absinthium, Oil, 207, see Wormwood, oil
Acacia catechu Willd., see Catechu, extract;
Catechu, powder
Acacia decurrens Willd. var . deaIbata, see
Mimosa, absolute
Acacia farnes iana (L.) Willd., see Cassie,
absolute
Acer spicatum Lam . , see Mountain maple,
extract solid
Acetal, 65, see Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
Acetal R, 65, see Acetaldehyde phenethyl
propyl acetal
Acetaldehyde 65, see Ethanal
Acetaldehyde benzyl 0-methoxyethyl acetal, 65,
see Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal
Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, 65, see Acetal
Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal, 65, see
Acetal R; Pepital
Acetanisol, 65, see -Acetyl anisole; 4' -Methoxyacetophenone; -Methoxyacetaphenone;
Novatone
Acetate C-8, 65, see Octyl acetate
Acetate C- 9, 65, see Nonyl acetate
Acetate C-l0, 65, see Oecyl acetate
Acetate C- 1 1 , 65, see 10-Undecen-l-yl acetate
Acetate C-l2, 65, see Lauryl acetate
Acetate, Calcium, 15, 41, see Acetate, sodium
Acetate, Calcium di-, see Acetate, calcium
Acetate PA, 65, see Allyl phenoxyacetate
Acetate, Potassium, see Acetate, calcium
Acetate, Sodium, 3, see Acetate, calcium
Acetate, Sodium di-, 3, see Acetate, calcium
Acetic acid, 41, 86, see Anisyl acetate; Benzyl
acetate; Bornyl acetate; Isobornyl acetate;
Butyl acetate; Isobutyl acetate; Carvyl
acetate; Cinnamyl acetate; Citronellyl ace
tate; Cyclohexane'thyl acetate; Decyl
acetate; Dihydrocarvyl acetate; a.orDlmethylphenethyl acetate; Ethanolc
acid; 2 -Ethyl butyl acetate; Eugenyl acetate;
Isoeugenyl acetate; Furfuryl acetate; Geranyl
acetate; Guaiyl acetate; 2-Hexen-l -yl acetate;
Hexyl acetate; Lauryl acetate; Linalyl acetate;
Menthyl acetate; Methyl acetate; flr-Methylbenzyl acetate; 2-Methyl-4-phenyT-2-butyl
acetate; Neryl acetate; 1 , 3-Nonanedlol ace
tate (mixed esters); 3-Nonanon-l -yl acetate;
Octyl acetate; Phenethyl acetate; 4 -Phenyl 2-butyi acetate; 3-Phenylpropyl acetate;
Piperonyl acetate; Propyl acetate; Isopropyl
acetate; Isopulegyl acetate; Rhodinyl acetate;
Santalyl acetate; Terpinyl acetate; Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate; o-Tolyl acetate; p_-Tolyl ace
tate; 10-Undecen-l-yl acetate; Vanillin acetate
Acetic anhydride, 261
Acetic ether, 66, see Ethyl acetate
(tri-)Acetin, 66, 270, see Enzactin; Glyceryl
triacetate; Vanay
Acetoacetic acid, see Benzyl acetoacetate; Butyl
acetoacetate; Isobutyl acetoacetate; Ethyl
acetoacetate; Geranyl acetoacetate
Acetoacetic ester, 66, see Ethyl acetoacetate
Acetoin, 66, see Acetyl methyl carbinol; 2,3Butanolone; Dlmethylketol; 3-Hydroxy-2butanone; -Hydroxy-0-oxobutane
2'Acetonaphthone, 66, see Methyl -naphthyl
ketone
Acetone, 261
Acetone peroxides, 37
Acetophenone, 66, see Acetyl benzene; Hypnone;
Methyl phenyl ketone
- Acetyl anisole, 66, see Acetanisole
Acetyl benzene, 66, see Acetophenone
Acetyl butyryl, 66, see 2,3-Hexandione
Acetyl isobutyryl, 66, see 4-Methyl-2, 3pentanedione
Acetylcitric acid, see Tributyl acetylcitrate
Acetyl o-cresol, 66, see o-Tolyl acetate
Acetyl -cresol, 66, see o-Tolyl acetate
Acetyl eugenol, 67, see Eugenyl acetate
Acetyl isoeugenol, 67, see Isoeugenyl acetate
Acetylformaldehyde, 67, see Pyruvaldehyde
Acetylformic acid, 67, Pyruvic acid
Acetyl methyl carbinol, 67, see Acetoin
Acetyl nonyryl, 67, see 2, 3-Undecadione
Acetyl pelargonyl, 67, see 2,3-Undecadione
Acetyl pentanoyl, 67, see 2,3-Heptanedione
2- Acetyl-3-phenylpropionic acid, see Ethyl
2- acetyl- 3 -phenylpropionate
3-Acetylpropionic acid, 67, see Levulinic acid
Acetyl propionyl, 67, see 2, 3 - Pentanedione
-Acetyl toluene, 67, see 4 '-Methyl aceto
phenone
Acetyl valeryl, 67, see 2,3-Heptanedione
Acetyl vanillin, 67, see Vanillin acetate
Achillea millefolium L., see Yarrow, herb
Achillelc acid, 67, see Aconitic acid
Acid potassium sulfite, see Potassium bi
sulfite
Acid sodium sulfite, see Sodium bisulfite
Acorus calamus L., see Calamus; Calamus,
oil
Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol, see Vitamin
Aconitic acid, 67, see Achillelc acid; Citridic
acid; Equisetic acid; Ethyl aconitate; 1Propene- 1 , 2, 3-trl-carboxylic acid
Acrylic acid, see Ethyl acrylate
Adipic acid, 41, 67, see 1 , 4-Butanedicarboxylic
acid; Hexanedioic acid
Adipic anhydride, 261
Aframomum melegueta (Rosc.) K. Schum . , see
Grains of Paradise
Agar-agar, 31
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv., see Doggrass,
extract
Agropyrun, 207, see Doggrass, extract
Alcannin, Extract, see Alkanet root, extract
Alanine (L- and DL- forms), 57
AlcoholC- 7, 67, see Heptyl alcohol
Alcohol C-8, 67, see 1-Octanol
Alcohol C-9, 67
Alcohol C-l0, 67, see 1-Decanol
Alcohol C- 11 undecylic, 67, see Undecyl alcohol
Alcohol C-l2, 67, see Lauryl alcohol
Alcohol C-l6, 67, see 1-Hexadecanol
Aldehyde C-7, 67, see Heptanal
Aldehyde C-8, 68, see Octanal
Aldehyde C-9, 68, see Nonanal
Aldehyde C-l0, 68, see Decanal
Aldehyde C- 11 undecylenic, 68, see 9-Undecenal
Aldehyde C-ll undecylic, 68, see Undecanal
Aldehyde C-l2 lauric, 68, see Laurlc aldehyde
Aldehyde C-l2 MNA. 68, see 2-Methylundecanal
Aldehyde C- 14 pure (so-called), 68, see-Undecalactone
Aldehyde C- 14 (myristic). 68, see Myriataldehyde
273
Aldehyde C-16 pure (so-called), 68, see Ethyl

methyl phenylglyc idate
Aldehyde C- 18 (so-called), 68, see y-Nonalactone
Alfalfa, Extract, 207
Alginates, 31
Alginic acid, Propylene glycol ester, 21, 31
Algins, see Alginates; Alginic acid, Propylene
glycol ester of
Alkanet root. Extract, 207
Alkanna tinctoria Tausch, see Alkanet root, extract
Alkannin, Extract, see Alkanet root, extract
cepa L., see Onion, oil
Allium sativum L., see Garlic, oil
Allomaleic acid, 68, see Fumaric acid
Allspice, 207
Allspice, Oil, 207
Allspice, Oleoresin, 207
AUyl acetic acid, 68, see 4-Pentenoic acid
-Allylanisole, 68, see Estragole
Allyl anthranilate, 68
Allyl butyrate, 68, see Butyric acid
Allyl cinnamate, 68, Cinnamic acid
Allyl cyclohexaneacetate, 68, see Cyclohexaneacetic acid
Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate, 69
Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate, 69
Allyl cyclohexanepropionate, 69, see Allyl 3 cyclohexylpropionate; Allyl -cyclohexylpropionate
Allyl 3-cyclohexylpropionate, 69, see Allyl
cclohexaneproplonate
Allyl -cyclohexylpropionate, 69, see Allyl
cyclohexanepropionate
Allyl cyclohexanevalerate, 69
Allyl disulfide. 69, see Diallyl disulfide
Allyl enanthate, 69, see Allyl heptanoate
Allyl ester., seo Allyl anthranilate; Allyl butyrate;
Allyl cinnamate; Allyl cyclohexaneacetate;
Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate; Allyl cyclo
hexanehexanoate; Allyl cyclohexanepro
pionate; Allyl cyclohexanevalerate; Allyl
2-ethylbutyrate; Allyl 2-furoate; Allyl heptan
oate; Allyl hexanoate; Allyl nonanoate; Allyl
octanoate; Allyl phenoxyacetate; Allyl Phenyl acetate; Allyl propionate; Allyl sorbate; Allyl
Uglate; Allyl 10-undecenoate; Allyl isovalerate
Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate, 69, see 2-Ethylbutyric
acid
Allyl 2-furoate, 69
4-Allylguaiacol, 70, see Eugenol
Allyl heptanoate, 70, see Allyl enanthate
Allyl heptoate, 70, see Allyl heptanoate
Allyl heptylate, 70, see Allyl heptanoate
Allyl hexanoate, 70, see Hexanoic acid; 2-Propenyl
hexanoate
Allyl a- ionone , 70, see Cetone V
Allyl isothiocyanate, 70
Allyl mercaptan, 70, see Allyl sulfhydrate; Allyl thiol; 2-Propene-l-thiol
2-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol, 70, see Eugenol
4 -Allyl - 2 -methoxyphenyl benzoate, 70, see
Eugenyl benzoate
4-Allyl - 2 -methoxyphenyl formate, 71
Allyl trans-2-methyl-2-butenoate, 71, see Allyl
tiglate
Allyl nonanoate, 71, see Nonanoic acld
Allyl octanoate, 71, see Octanoic acid
Allyl phenoxyacetate, 71, see Acetate PA;
Phenoxyacetic acid
Allyl phenylacetate, 71, see Phenylacetic acid
Allyl propionate, 71, see Propionic acid
Allyl sorbate, 71, see 2,4-Hexadienoate
Allyl sulfhydrate, 71, see Allyl mercaptan
Allyl sulifide, 71, see Diallyl sulfide; Thioallyl

ether
Allyl isothiocyanate, see Mustard oil
Allythiol, 72, see Allyl mercaptan
Allyl tiglate, 72, see Allyl trans-2-methyl-2butenoate
Allyl 10-undecenoate, 72, see Allyl undecylenate
Allyl undecylenate, 72, see Allyl 10-undecenoate
Allyl isovalerate, 72, see Isovaleric acid
4-Allylveratrole, 72, see Eugenyl methyl ether
Almonds, bitter oil (FFPA), 207
Aloe extract, 208
Aloe species, see Aloe extract
Alpinia galanga Willd. , see Galangal root;
Galangal root, extract; Galangal root, oil
Alpinia officinarum Hance, see Galangal root;
Galangal root, extract; Galangal root, oil
Alpha tocopherol acetate, see Tocopherols
Althsea officinalis L. , see Althea root
Althea root, 208, see Marshmallow root
Aluminum ammonium sulfate, 41, see Aluminum
calcium sulfate; Aluminum potassium sulfate;
Aluminum sodium sulfate; Aluminum sulfate
Aluminum calcium sulfate, 261, see Aluminum
ammonium sulfate
Aluminum nicotinate, 57, see Niacinamide
Aluminum potassium sulfate, 261, see Aluminum
ammonium sulfate
Aluminum sodium sulfate, 261, see Aluminum
ammonium sulfate
Aluminum stearate, 21, 261
Aluminum sulfate, 261, see Aluminum ammonium
sulfate
Amaranth, see FD&C Red No. 2
Ambergris, Tincture, 208
Ambreine, Oil, 208, see Labdanum, oil
Ambrette, Absolute, Oil. 208
Ambrette seed, Oil, 208
Ambrette, Tincture, 208
Ambrettolide, 72, see w-6-Hexadecenlactone
-Aminobenroic acid, 57
o-Aminomethyl benzoate, 72, see Methyl
anthranilate
Monoaminophosphatide, see Lecithin (with or
without related phosphatides)
Ammonium alginate, see Alginates
Ammonium bicarbonate, 41
Ammonium carbonate, see Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium casemate, see Casein
Ammonium chloride, 261
Ammonium hydroxide, 41
Ammonium molybdate, see Molybdenum sources
Monoammonium orthophosphate, see Phosphate,
ammonium, monobasic
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, 41
Ammonium phosphate, monobasic, see Ammonium
phosphate, dibasic
Ammonium saccharin, see Saccharin
Ammonium salt, see Ammonium isovalerate
Ammonium stearate, 21
Ammonium sulfate, 42, 261
Ammonium sulfide, 72
Ammonium isovalerate. 72, see Isovaleric acid
Amyl acetate (common), 72, see Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl acetate, 72, see Amyl acetate (com
mon); -Methyl butyl acetate
Isoamyl acetoacetate, 73
Amyl alcohol, 73, see Cognac, green, oil;
Cognac, white, oil; 1 -Pentano1, Pentyl alcohol
Amyl alcohol, commercial, 73, see Fusel, oil,
refined
Isoamyl alcohol, 73, see Isobutyl carbinol; 3Methyl-l-butanol; Isopentyl alcohol
Amyl aldehyde, 73, see Valeraldehyde

Isoamyl aldehyde, 73, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
Isoamyl benzoate, 73, see Benzoic acid; Isopentyl
benzoate
Amyl butyrate, 73, see Butyric acid; Pentyl
butyrate
Isoamyl butyrate, 74, see Butyric acid; Isopentyl
butyrate
7-Amyl butyrolactone, 74, see -Nonalactone
Amyl caprate, see Cognac, green, oil; Cognac,
white, oil
Amyl caprylate, see Cognac, green, oil; Cognac,
white, oil
a-Amylcinnamaldehyde, 74. see of- Amyl 0-phenylacrolein buxine; Buxine*^ a-Pentylcinnamaldehyde
a-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal, 74, see
1,1- Dimethoxy- 2 -amyl- 3-phenyl- 2 -propene
Isoamyl cinnamate, 74, see Cinnamic acid; Iso
pentyl cinnamate
-Amylcinnamyl acetate, 74, see a-Pentylcinnamyl
acetate
a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol, 75, see Buxinol; a- Pentylcinnamyl alcohol; a-Pentylcinnamyl alcohol
buxinol
a-Amylcinnamyl formate, 75, see a-Pentyl
cinnamyl formate
a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate, 75, see a-Pentylcinnamyl isovalerate
Amyl ester, see Amyl butyrate; Amyl formate;
Amyl 2-furoate; Amyl heptanoate; Amyl
hexanoate; Amyl octanoate
Isoamyl ester, see Isoamyl benzoate; Isoamyl
butyrate; Isoamyl cinnamate; Isoamyl formate;
Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate; Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate; Isoamyl hexanoate; Isoamyl laurate;
Isoamyl nonanoate; Isoamyl octanoate; Isoamyl
phenylacetate; Isoamyl propionate; Isoamyl
pyruvate; Isoamyl salicylate; Isoamyl iso
valerate
Amyl formate, 75, see Pentyl formate
Isoamyl formate, 75
Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate, 75, see a-Isoamyl furfurylpropionate; Isopentyl 2-furanbutyrate
Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate, 76, see a- Isoamyl
furfurylacetate
a-lsoamyl furfurylacetate, 76, see Isoamyl 2furanpropionate
a-Isoamyl furfurylpropionate, 76, see Isoamyl 2fUranbutyrate
Amyl 2-furoate, 76, see Pentyl 2-furoate
Amyl heptanoate, 76, see Pentyl heptanoate
Amyl hexanoate , 76, see Pentyl hexanoate
Isoamyl hexanoate, 76, see Hexanoic acid; Iso
pentyl hexanoate
Isoamyl o-hydroxybenzoate, 76, see Isoamyl
salicylate
2-Amyl-5 (or 6) - keto-1,4-dioxane, 76
Isoamyl laurate, 77, see Dodecanoic acid; Iso
pentyl laurate
Isoamyl nonanoate, 77, see Nonanoic acid;
Nonate, Isopentyl nonanoate
Amyl octanoate, 77, see Octanoic acid; Pentyl
octanoate
Isoamyl octanoate, 77, see Octanoic acid; Iso
pentyl octanoate
Isoamyl phenylacetate, 77, see Isopentyl phenylacetate; Phenylacetic acid
a-Amyl -phenylacrolein buxine, 77, see a- Amylcinnamaldehyde
Isoamyl propionate, 77, see Isopentyl propionate;
Propionic acid
Isoamyl pyruvate, 77, see Isopentyl pyruvate;
Pyruvic acid
Isoamyl salicylate, 78, see Isoamyl o-hydroxy
benzoate; Orchidee; Isopentyl salicylate
Isoamyl isovalerate, 78, see Isopentyl isovalerate;
Isovaleric acid
Amyl vinyl carbinol, 78, see l-Octen-3-ol
Amyris balsamifera L. , see Amyris, oil
274
Amyris, Oil, 208, see Sandalwood, West

Indian, oil
Anchusin, Extract, see Alkanet root, extract
Anethole, 78, see Anise camphor; 1-Methoxy4-propenylbenzene; -Propenylanisole
Anethum graveolens L., see Dill; Dill, oil;
D1 seed, Indian
Anethum sowa Roxb., see Dill seed, Indian
Aneurine hydrochloride, eee Thiamine hydro
chloride
Angelic acid, see Isobutyl angelate
Angelica archangelica L., see Angelica root,
extract; Angelica root, oil; Angelica seed,
extract; Angelica seed, oil; Angelica stem,
oil
Angelica lactone, 78, see w-Pentadecalactone
Angelica root. Extract, 208
Angelica root. Oil, 208
Angelica seed. Extract, 209
Angelica seed. Oil, 209
Angelica stem. Oil, 209
Angostura, Extract, 209
Anhydrous betaine, 57
Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, see Boie de Rose, oil
Anisaldehyde, see -Methoxybenzaldehyde
- Anisaldehyde, 78, see -Methoxybenxaldehyde
Anise, 209
Anise camphor, 78, see Anethole
Anise, Oil, 209
Anise, Star, 209
Anise, Star, Oil, 210
Anisic acid, see Methyl anisate
-Anisic acid, see Ethyl -anisate
Anisic alcohol, 78, see Anisyl alcohol
Anisic ketone, 78, see l-(-Methoxyphenyl)2-propanene
Anisole, 78, see Methoxybenzene; Methylphenyl ether
Anisyl acetate, 78, see Acetic acid; Methoxy benzyl acetate
Anisyl acetone, 79, see 4-(-Methoxyphenyl)2 -butanone
Anisyl alcohol, 79, see Anisic alcohol; Methoxybenzyl alcohol
Anisyl butyrate, 79, see Butyric acid; Methoxybenzyl butyrate
Anisyl ester, see Anisyl acetate; Anisyl butyrate;
Anisyl formate; Anisyl propionate
Anisyl formate, 79, see p-Methoxybenzyl formate
Anisyl methyl ketone, 79, see l-(p-Methoxyphenyl)- 2- propanone
Anisyl phenylacetate, 79
Anisyl propionate, 79, see -Methoxybenzyl
propionate; Propionic acid
Annatto, Extract, see Annatto (extract and seed);
Annotta, extract; Arnotta, extract
Annatto (Extract and Seed), 49
Annatto, Seed, 210
Annotta, Extract, 210
Annotta, Seed, 210
Anogeissus latifolia Wall. , see Ghatti, gum
Anthemis nobilis L. , see Chamomile flower,
English, oil; Chamomile flower, Romain,
extract; Chamomile flower, Roman, oil
Anthostyrax, Craib ex Hartwich, or other species
of the section Anthostyrax of the genus Styrax;
see Benzoin, resin
Anthranilic acid, see Allyl anthranilate; Butyl
anthranilate; Isobutyl anthranilate; Cinnamyl
anthranilate; Cyclohexyl anthranilate; Ethyl
anthranilate; Linalyl anthranilate; Methyl
anthranilate; Phenethyl anthranilate
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm . , see Chervil
Antifoam A, see Dimethyl polysiloxane
Apis mellifera L . , see Beeswax, white
Apium graveolena L. , see Celery seed; Celery

seed, extract; Celery seed, extract solid;
Celery s eed, oil
Aplotaxis aurlculata DC . , see Costus root, oil
Aplotaxis lappa Dec, see Costus root, oil
Apple acid, 79, see 1 -Malic acid
Apricot kernel, Oil, 210, see Persic, oil
Argeol, 79, see Santalol (a- and -)
Arginine (L- and DL- forma), S7
Arheol, 210, see Sandalwood, yellow, oil
Arnotta, Extract, 210
Arnotta, Seed, 210
Artemisia absinthium L., see Wormwood; Worm
wood, extract; Wormwood, oil
Artemisia dracunculua L., see Estragon, oil;
Tarragon
Artemisia pallena Wall. , see Davana, oil
Aaafetida, Fluid extract, 210
Aaafetida, Gum, 210
Asafetida, Oil, 211
Asarum canadense L., see Snake root, Canadian,
oil
Aacorbate, Calcium, 9
Aacorbate, Sodium, see Aacorbate, calcium
Ascorbic acid, 9, 57
Isoascorbic acid, see Erythorbic acid
Ascorbyl palmitate, 9
Ash bark. Prickly, Extract, 211
Aapartic acid (L- and DL- forms), 57
Aspergillus oryzse, preparation from, 261
Aspidosoerma quebracho-bianco Schlecht . , see
Quebracho bark, extract
Attar of Rosea, 211, see Rose, Bulgarian, true
Otto, o
Aubepine liquid, 79, see -Methoxybenzaldehyde
Aucklandia costus Falc . , see Coatus root, oil
Azodicarbonamide, 37
Balm, 211, see Balm, lemon
Balm leaves, Extract, 211, see Balm, lemon,
extract; Melissa, extract
Balm, Lemon, 211, see Balm
Balm, Lemon, Extract, 211, see Balm leaves,
extract
Balm, Lemon, Oil, 211, see Melissa, oil
Balm, Oil, 211, see Melissa, oil
Balsam, Peru, 211
Balsam, Peru, Oil, 211
Balsam fir. Oil, 212
Balsam fir, Oleoresin, 212
Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wendl., see Buchu
leaves, oil
Barosma crenulata (L.) Hook., see Buchu
leaves, oil
Barosma serratifolio Willd . , see Buchu
leaves, oil
Basil, 212
Baail, Oil, 212
Basil, Oleoresin, 212
Bay, Sweet, 212
Bay, Sweet, Oil, 212
Bay leaves, Extract, 212, see Bay leaves.
West Indian, extract
Bay leaves. Oil, 212, see Bay leaves, West
Indian, oil
Bay leaves, Oleoresin, 213, see Bay leaves,
Weat Indian, oleoresin
Bay leaves. West Indian, Extract, 213, see Bay
leaves, extract
Bay leaves. West Indian, Oil, 213, see Bay
leaves, oil; Myrcia, oil
Bay leaves, West Indian, Oleoresin, 213, see
Bay leaves, oleoresin
Beeswax, 261
Beeswax, White, 213, see Cire d'Abeille

absolute
Beet juice, 49
Beet powder, 49
Bentonite, 262
Benzaldehyde, 79, see Benzenecarbonal;Benzenemethylal; Benzoic aldehyde
Benzaldehyde dimethyl ace tal, 8O
Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal, 80, see 2- Phenyl m-dioxan-5-ol
Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal, 80, see
4 -Methyl- 2-phenyl-m-dioxolane
Benzenecarbonal, 80, see Benzaldehyde
Benzenecarboxylic acid, 80, see Benzoic acid
Benzenemethyial, 80, see Benzaldehyde
Benzilidene acetone, 80, see 4-Phenyl-3-buten2-one
Benzoate, Methyl-- hydroxy-, 3
Benzoate, Propyl--hydroxy- , 3, see Propyl
paraben
Benzoate, Sodium, 3, see Benzoic acid
1 , 2-Benzodihydropyrone, 80, see Dihydrocoumarin
Benzoe, 213, see Benzoin, ream
Benzoic acid, 80, see Isoamyl benzoate; Benzene
carboxylic acid; Benzoate, Sodium; Isobutyl
benzoate; Cinnamyl benzoate; Drcllc acid;
Eugenyl benzoate; Geranyl benzoate; Linalyl
benzoate; Methyl benzoate; Phenethyl benzoate;
Phenylformic acid; Propyl benzoate; Isopropyl
benzoate; Sodium benzoate
Benzoic aldehyde, 81, see Benzaldehyde
Benzoin, 81, see 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
Benzoin, Gum, 213, see Benzoin, resin
Benzoin, Resin, 213, see Benzoe; Benzoin, gum;
Benjamin
Benzophenone, 81, see Benzoylbenzene; Diphenyl
ketone
2,3-Benzopyrrole, 81, see Indole
Benzoylacetic acid, see Ethyl benzoylacetate
Benzoylbenzene, 81, see Benzophenone
Benzoyl eugenol, 81, see Eugenyl benzoate
Benzoyl peroxide, 37
Benzylacetaldehyde , 81
Benzyl acetate, 81, see Acetic acid
Benxylacetic acid, 61, see 3 - Phenylpropionic
acid
Benzyl acetoacetate, 81, see Benzyl acetyl
acetate
Benzylacetone, 81, see 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2one
Benzyl acetyl acetate, 81, see Benzyl aceto
acetate
Benzyl alcohol, 81, see a-Hydroxytoluene;
Phenyl methanol
Benzyl isoamyl alcohol, 82
Benzyl benzene c arboxylate, 82, see Benzyl
benzoate
Benzyl benzoate, 82. see Benzyl benzene
carboxylate; Benzyl phenylformate
Benzyl butanoate , 82, see Benzyl butyrate
Benzylbutyl alcohol, 82, see a-Propylphenethyl
alcohol
Benzyl isobutyl carbinol, 82
Benzyl butyl ether, 82
Benzyl isobutyl ketone, 82, see 4-Methyl-lphenyl-2-pentanone
Benzyl butyrate, 82, see Benzyl butanoate;
Butyric acid
Benzyl isobutyrate, 82, see Benzyl- 2 -methyl
propanoate; Isobutyric acid
Benzyl carbinol, 82, see Phenethyl alcohol
Benzyl carbinyl acetate, 82, see Phenethyl
acetate
Benzyl cinnamate, 82, see Benzyl 0- phenylacrylate; Cinnamein; Cinnamlc acid
275
Benzyl dimethyl carbinyl acetate, 83, see or.aDimethylphenethyl acetate

Benzyl dimethyl carbinyl butyrate, 83, see
a,a-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate
Benzyl dimethyl carbinyl formate, 83, see
a,a-Dimethylphenethyl formate
Benzyl 2, 3-dimethylcrotonate, 83, see Benzyl
methyl tiglate
Benzyl dipropyl ketone, 83, see 3-Benzyl-4heptanone
Benzyl disulfide, 83
Benzyl eater, see Benzyl acetate; Benzyl aceto
acetate; Benzyl butyrate; Benzyl isobutyrate;
Benzyl cinnamate; Benzyl 2, 3-dimethylcrotonate;
Benzyl formate; Benzyl phenylacetate; Benzyl
propionate; Benzyl salicylate; Benzyl isovalerate
Benzyl ether of polyethoxylated alkylphenol, 24
Benzylethyl alcohol, 83, see 3-Phenyl-l-propanol
Benzyl ethyl ether, 83
Benzyl lsoeugenol, 83
Benzyl formate, 83
3-Benzyl-4-heptanone, 83, see Benzyl dipropyl
ketone; Morellone
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate, 84, see Benzyl
salicylate
Benzylidene acetone methyl, 84, see 3-Methyl4 -phenyl- 3-butene- 2-one
Benzyl mercaptan, 84, see Benzylthiol; a-Toluenethiol
Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal, 84, see Acetaldehyde
benzyl 0-methoxyethyl acetal; 1 -Benzyloxy- 1 (0-methoxy) ethoxy ethane
Benzyl 2-methyl propanoate, 84, see Benzyl
isobutyrate
Benzyl methyl tiglate, 84, see Benzyl 2, 3-dimethyl
crotonate
l-Benzyloxy-l-(-methoxy) ethoxy ethane, 84,
see Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal
Benzyl phenylacetate, 84, see Phenylacetic acid
Benzyl 0-phenylacrylate, 84, see Benzyl cinnamate
Benzyl phenylformate, 84, see Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl propanoate, 84, see Benzyl propionate
Benzyl propionate, 84, see Benzyl propanoate;
Propionic acid
Benzylpropyl acetate, 84, see a, a- Dimethylphenethyl acetate
Benzylpropyl alcohol, 84, see a,a-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol
Benzylpropyl carbinol, 84, see a-Propylphenethyl
alcohol
Benzyl salicylate, 85, see Benzyl o-hydroxy
benzoate
Benzylthiol, 85, see Benzyl mercaptan
Benzyl isovalerate, 85, see Isovaleric acid
Bergamol, 85, see Linalyl acetate
Bergamot. Oil, 213, see Bergamot orange, oil
Bergamot orange. Oil, 85, see Bergamot, oil
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal, 49
Beta carotene, see Carotene
Betaine , Anhydrous, 57
Betaine hydrochloride, see Betaine, anhydrous
Betula lenta L. , see Birch, sweet, oil
Betu la pendula Roth and related Betula spp. ,
see Birch tar, oil, refined (rectified)
Betula species, see Birch tar, oil, refined
( rectified)
Biacetyl, 85, see Diacetyl
Biotin, 57
Birch, Black, Oil, 213, see Birch, sweet, oil
Birch. Sweet, Oil, 214. see Birch, black, oil
Birch tar. Oil, Refined (Rectified), 214
Bitter aah, Extract, 214, see Quassia, extract
Bitter wood. Extract, 214, see Quassia, extract
Bixa oreliana L. , see Annatto, extract; Annatto,
seed
Bixin and Norbixin, 49

Blackberry bark. Extract, 214
Black cutch. Extract, 214, see Catechu, extract
Blackthorn berries, 214, see Sloe berries
Blackthorn berries, Extract, 214, see Sloe
berries, extract
Blatteralkohol, 65, see 3-Hexen-l-ol
Bois de Rose, Oil, 214
Boletic acid, 85, see Fumaric acid
Boric acid, see Boron sources
Borneocamphor, 85, see Borneol
Borneol, 85, see Borneocamphor; Bornyl
alcohol; 2-Camphanol; 2-Hydroxycamphane
Isoborneol, 85
Bornyl acetate, 85, see Acetic acid
Isobornyl acetate, 86, see Acetic acid
Bornyl alcohol, 86, see Borneol
Bornyl ester, see Bornyl acetate; Bornyl
formate; Bornyl valerate; Bornyl isovalerate
Isobornyl ester, see Isobornyl acetate; Iso
bornyl formate; Isobornyl propionate; Iso
bornyl isovalerate
Bornyl formate, 86
Isobornyl formate, 86
Isobornyl propionate, 86, see Propionic acid
Bornyl valerate, 86, see Valeric acid
Bornyl isovalerate, 86, see Bornyval; Isovaleric
acid
Isobornyl isovalerate, 86, see Isovaleric acid
Bornyval, 87, see Bornyl isovalerate
Boron sources, 57
Boronia, Absolute, 214
Boronla megastigma Nees, see Boronia, absolute
Boswellia carter! Birdw., see Olibanum, oil
Boswellia species, see Olibanum, oil
Brassica alba (L.) Boias . , see Mustard, yellow
Brassica hirta Moench . , see Mustard, yellow
Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. (Brown), see Mustard,
brown
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. (Black), see Muatard,
brown
Brilliant blue, see FD&C Blue No. 1
Bromate, Calcium, 37
Bromate, Potassium, see Bromate, Calcium
Bromelin, 262
Bromide, Potassium, 3
Brom mated vegetable oils, 262
Broom, Extract, 214, see Genet, extract
Buchu leaves. Oil, 214
Buinesia sarmienti Lorentz, see Guaiac wood,
extract; Guaiac wood, oil
Bursera delpechiana Poiss., see Linaloe wood, oil
Bursera species, see Linaloe wood, oil
Butadiene-styrene copolymer, 262
Butanal, 67, see Butyraldehyde
Butandione, 87, see Diacetyl
Butane, 262
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid, 87, see Adipic acid
2,3-Butanedione, 87, see Diacetyl
Butanoic acid, 87, see Butyric acid
1- Butanol, 87, see Butyl alcohol
Isobutanol, 87, see Isobutyl alcohol
2 , 3 - Butanolone , 87, see Acetoin
2-Butanone, 87, see Methyl ethyl ketone
trana-Butenedioic acid, 87, see Fumaric acid
Butoxypolyethylene, 21
Butter acids, 87
Butter esters, 87
Butter starter distillate, 214
Butyl acetate. 87, see Acetic acid
Isobutyl acetate, 87, see Acetic acid

Butyl acetoacetate, 68
Isobutyl acetoacetate , 88
Butyl alcohol, 88, see 1-Butanol
Isobutyl alcohol, 88, see Isobutanol; Cognac,
green, oil; Cognac, white, oil
Butyl aldehyde, 88, see Butyraldehyde
Isobutyl aldehyde, 88, see lsobutyraldehyde
Isobutyl angelate, 88, see Isobutyl cis-2methyl- 2 - butenoate
Butyl anthranilate, 88
Isobutyl anthranilate, 89
Butylated hydroxyanisole, 9
Butylated hydroxyanisole, misture of 2 and 3
te rtiary-butyl- 4 - hydroxyanisole , see
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Butylated hydroxytoluene, 10
Isobutyl benzoate, 89, see Benzoic acid
Butyl butyrate, 89, see Butyric acid
Isobutyl butyrate, 89, see Butyric acid
Butyl isobutyrate, 89, eee Isobutyric acid
Isobutyl isobutyrate, 89, see Isobutyric acid
Butyl butyryllactate, 89, see Lactic acid
Isobutyl carbinol, 90, see Isoamyl alcohol
a-Butylcinnamaldehyde, 90
Butyl cinnamate, 90, see Cinnamic acid
Isobutyl cinnamate, 90, see Cinnamic acid
Butyl 2-decenoate, 90, see Butyl decylenate
Butyl decylenate, 90, see Butyl 2-decenoate
Butyl dodecanoate, 90, see Butyl laurate
Isobutylene, Resin, 268,
Butyl ester, see Butyl acetate; Butyl aceto
acetate; Butyl anthranilate; Butyl butyrate;
Butyl isobutyrate; Butyl butyryllactate;
Butyl cinnamate; Butyl 2-decenoate; Butyl
formate; Butyl heptanoate; Butyl hexanoate;
Butyl lactate; Butyl laurate; Butyl levulinate;
Butyl phenylacetate; Butyl propionate; Butyl
stearate; Butyl 10-undecenoate; Butyl valerate;
Butyl isovalerate
Isobutyl ester, see Isobutyl acetate, Isobutyl
acetoacetate; Isobutyl angelate; Isobutyl
anthranilate; Isobutyl benzoate; Isobutyl
butyrate; Isobutyl isobutyrate; Isobutyl
cinnamate; Isobutyl formate; Isobutyl 2furanpropionate; Isobutyl heptanoate; Iso
butyl hexanoate; Isobutyl phenylacetate; Iso
butyl propionate; Isobutyl salicylate
Butyl ethyl malo nate, 90
Butyl formate, 90
Isobutyl formate, 90, see Tetryl formate
Isobutyl formic acid, 91, see Isovaleric acid
Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate, 91, see Isobutyl
furylpropionate
Isobutyl furylpropionate, 91
Butyl heptanoate, 91
Isobutyl heptanoate, 91
Butyl hexanoate , 91
Isobutyl hexanoate, 91
Butyl -hydroxybenzoate, 91, see Butyl parasept
2-Butyl-5 (or 6) -keto-1,4-dioxane, 91
Butyl lactate, 92, see Lactic acid
Butyl laurate, 92, see Butyl dodecanoate
Butyl levulinate, 92, see Levulinic acid
Isobutyl cia-2-methyl- 2 -butenoate, 92, see Iso
butyl angelate
2-Isobutyl-5-methyl cyclohexanol, 92, see (d)-neoMenthol
Butyl octadecanoate, 92, see Butyl stearate
Butyl parasept, 92, see Butyl -hydroxybenzoate
Isobutylphenethyl alcohol, 92
a-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol, see Benzyl isoamyl
alcohol; Benzyl isobutyl carbinol; 4-Methyl1 -phenyl-2-pentanol
Butyl phenylacetate, 92, see Phenylacetic acid
276
Isobutyl phenylacetate, 92, see Phenylacetic acid

p-ter-Butylphenylacetic acid, see Methyl p-terbutylphenylacetate
Butyl propionate, 93, see Propionic acid
Isobutyl propionate, 93, see Propionic acid
Butyl rubber, without inhibitor (chewing-gum grade),
262
Isobutyl salicylate, 93
Butyl sebacate, 93, see Dibutyl sebacate
Butyl stearate, 21, 93, see Butyl octadecanoate;
Octadecanoic acid
Butyl sulfide, 93, see Dibutyl sulfide
Butyl 10-undecenoate, 93
Butyl valerate, 93, see Valeric acid
Butyl isovalerate, 94, see Isovaleric acid
Butyraldehyde, 94, see Butanal; Butyl aldehyde;
Butyric aldehyde
lsobutyraldehyde, 94, see Isobutyl aldehyde;
Isobutyric aldehyde; 2-Methyl propanal
Butyric acid, 94, see Allyl butyrate; Amyl buty
rate; Isoamyl butyrate; Anisyl butyrate;
Benzyl butyrate; Butanoic acid; Butyl buty
rate; Isobutyl butyrate; Cinnamyl butyrate;
Citronellyl butyrate; Cyclohexyl butyrate;
Decyl butyrate; Ethylacetic acid; a- Ethyl
benzyl butyrate; Ethyl butyrate; Geranyl
butyrate; Heptyl butyrate; Hexyl butyrate;
Linalyl butyrate; a-Methyl-benzyl butyrate;
Methyl butyrate; Neryl butyrate; Octyl buty
rate; Phenethyl butyrate; 2-Phenylpropyl
butyrate; Propyl butyrate; Isopropyl butyrate;
Rhodinyl butyrate; Terpinyl butyrate; Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate
Butyric acid, 2-Methyl-2-propen-l-yl ester,
94, see 2-Methylallyl butyrate
Isobutyric acid, 94, see Benzyl isobutyrate;
Butyl isobutyrate; Isobutyl isobutyrate;
Cinnamyl isobutyrate; Citronellyl isobutyrate;
a, a- Dimethyl-benzyl isobutyrate; Ethyl iso
butyrate; Geranyl isobutyrate; Heptyl iso
butyrate; Linalyl isobutyrate; Methyl iso
butyrate; 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl iso
butyrate; 2-Methyl propanoic acid; Neryl
isobutyric; Octyl isobutyric; Phenethyl iso
butyrate; 2 - Phenylpropyl isobutyrate; 3Phenylpropyl isobutyrate; Piperonyl isobuty
rate; Isopropyl isobutyrate; IsopropyUormic
acid; Rhodinyl isobutyrate; Terpinyl isobuty
rate; -Tolyl isobutyrate
Butyric aldehyde, 94, see Butyraldehyde
Isobutyric aldehyde, 94, see Isobutyraldehyde
Butyrin, 94, see (tri-) Butyrin
(tri-) Butyrin, 95, see Butyrin, Glyceryl tributyrate
Butyroin, 95, see 5-Hydroxy-4-octanone
Butyrone, 95, see 4-Heptanone
Butyryllactic acid, see Butyl butyryllactate
Buxine, 95, see a- Amylcinnamaldehyde
Buxinol. 95, see a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol
Cachou, Extract, 215, see Catechu, extract
Cactus root. Extract, 215, see Yucca, Mohave,
extract
ad mene, 95
Caffeine, 95, 262, see Coffeine; Guranme.
Methyltheobromine; Theine; 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2, 6-dloxopurine; 1,3, 7-Trimethylxanthine
Cajeput, Oil, 215
Cajeputene, 95, see d- Limonene
Cajeputol, 95, see Eucalyptol
Calamus, 215, see Sweet flag
Calamus, Oil, 215, see Sweet flag, oil
Calciferol, see Vitamin D2
Calcium acetate, 15, 41, see Calcium salts
Calcium acid phosphate, see Phosphate, calcium,
monobasic
Monocalcium acid phosphate, see Phosphates
Calcium alginate, see Alginates
Calcium aacorbate, 9
Calcium bromate, 37
Calcium carbonate, 42, 49, 262, see Calcium
sources
Calcium casemate, see Casein
Calcium chloride, 42, 262, see Calcium salts
Calcium citrate, 43, 262, see Calcium salts;
Calcium sources; Citrate salts
Calcium cyclamate, see Cyclamates
Calcium diacetate, see Calcium salts
Calcium dioxide, see Peroxide, calcium
Calcium disodium salt of EDTA, see Ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA)
Calcium fluoride, see Fluorine sources
Calcium gluconate, 16, 42, 262, see Calcium salts
Calcium glycerophosphate, see Calcium sources
Calcium hexametaphosphate, 16
Calcium hydrate, see Calcium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide, 42, 262
Calcium hypo-chlorite, 3
Calcium iodate, 3 7
Calcium lactate, 42, 263
Calcium oxide, 42, 263, see Calcium sources
Monocalcium orthophosphate, see Calcium
phosphate, monobasic
Calcium pantothenate, 59
Calcium peroxide, 37
Calcium phosphate, dibasic, 263
Calcium phosphate, monobasic, 263, see Calcium
salts
Calcium phosphate, monobasic, dibasic, tribasic,
see Calcium sources; Phosphorous sources
Calcium phosphate, tribasic, 263
Monocalcium acid phosphate, see Calcium phosphate,
monobasic
Calcium phytate, see Calcium salts
Calcium propionate, 4
Calcium pyrophosphate, see Calcium sources
Calcium saccharin, see Saccharin
Calcium salts, 15, 263, see Calcium acetate;
Calcium chloride; Calcium citrate; Calcium
gluconate; Calcium phosphate, monobasic;
Calcium sulfate
Calcium salts of fatty acids, 263
Calcium, Silicate, 269
Calcium sorbate, 5
Calcium sources (harmless calcium salts), 57,
see Calcium carbonate; Calcium citrate;
Calcium oxide; Calcium sulfate
Calcium stearyl-2-lactylate, 26
Calcium sulfate, 42, 263, see Calcium salts;
Calcium sources
Calendula, 215, see Marigold, pot
Calendula officinalis L., see Marigold, pot
2-Camphanol, 95, see Borneol
am pht-no. 95, see 2,2- Dimethyl 3 - methylene norbornane
d-Camphor, 95
Camphor, Japanese, White, Oil, 215
Cananga odorata Hook, f. and Thorns., see
Cananga, oil; Ylang ylang, oil
Cananga, Oil, 215
Canarium commune L., see Elemi, gum;
Elemi, oil
Canarium luzonicum (Miq.) A. Gray, see Elemi,
gum; Elemi, oil
Capraldehyde , 96
Caprlc acid, 96, see Decanoic acid; Fatty acids
Capric aldehyde, 96
Caprinaldehyde, 96
Caproaldehyde, 96, see Hexanal
Caproic acid, 96, see Hexanoic acid
Caproic aldehyde, 96, see Hexanal
Capronic ether absolute, 96, see Ethyl hexanoate

Capryl alcohol, 96, see 1 -Octanol
Capryl alcohol (secondary), 96, see 2-Octanol
Caprylaldehyde, 96, see Octanal
Caprylic acid, 96, see Fatty acids; Octanoic acid
Caprylic alcohol, 96, see 1 -Octanol
Caprylic aldehyde, 96, see Octanal
Capsicum annuum L., see Capsicum, extract;
Capsicum, oleoresin; Paprika; Paprika,
oleoresin; Pepper, red
Cap sicum annuum L. var . longum Sendt . , see
Cayenne
Capsicum, Extract, 215
Capsicum frutescena L., see Capsicum, extract;
Capsicum, oleoresin; Pepper, red
Capsicum, Oleoresin, 216
Caramel, 49
Caramel color, 96
Caraway, 216
Caraway, Black, 216
Caraway, Oil, 216
Carbamate, Potassium n-methyldithio- , 3
Carbon black, 49
Carbon dioxide, 263
Carbon monoxide, 10
Carbonate, Potassium, 42
Carbonate, Potassium bi-, see Carbonate,
Potassium
Carbonate, Sodium, 42
Carbonate, Sodium bi-, 42
Carbonate, Sodium sesqui-, see Carbonate, sodium
Carboxymethyl cellulose, see Cellulose, sodium
carboxymethyl
Cardamom, 216
Cardamom seed, Oil, 216
Carmine, 49
Carminic acid, see Carmine
Carob bean, Extract, 216, see St. John's bread
Carob bean gum, 33
Carotenal, Beta-apo-8'-, 49
Carotene, 49, 57
Carrageen, see Carrageenan
Carrageenan, 31
Carrageenan, Salts of, 31
Carrageenin, see Carrageenan
Carragheenin, see Carrageenan
Carrot, Oil, 217
Carum carvi L., see Caraway; Caraway, oil
Carvacrol, 96, see 2--Cymenol; Cymophenol;
2-Hydroxy--cymene; 2-Methyl-5-isopropylphenol; Isopropyl-o- cresol; Isothymol
Carvacryl ethyl ether, 96, see 2-Ethoxy-cymene; Ethyl carvacrol
Carveol, 97, see p-Mentha-6, 8-dien-2-ol
Carvol, 97, see Carvone
4-Carvomenthenol, 97, see 1 --Menthen-4-ol;
1 -Methyl-4-isopropyl- 1 -cyclohexene-4-ol;
Origanol; 4-Terpinenol
Carvone, 97, see Carvol; 6, 8(9)--Menthadien2 -one
Carvyl acetate, 97, see Acetic acid
Carvyl ester, see Carvyl acetate; Carvyl
propionate
Carvyl propionate, 97, see Propionic acid
Carya species, see Hickory bark, extract
-Caryophyllene, 97
Caryophyllene acetate, 98
Caryophyllene alcohol, 98
Cascara, Bitterless, Extract, 217
Cascarilla bark. Extract, 217
Cascarilla bark. Oil, 217
277
Casein, 263, see Potassium caseinate

Cashoo, Extract, 217, see Catechu, extract
Cassia, 217
Cassia bark. Extract, 217
Cassia bark, Oil, 217
Cassia buds, 217, see Cassia flowers
Cassia flowers, 218, see Cassia buds
Cassie, Absolute, 218
Cassis, 218, see Currant buds, black, absolute
Castor canadenis Khl, see Castoreum, extract;
Castoreum, liquid
Castor fiber L., see Castoreum, extract;
Castoreum, liquid
Castor, Oil, 218, 264, see Palma Christi, oil;
Ricinus, oil; Tangan-tangan, oil
Castoreum, Extract, 218
Castoreum, Liquid, 218
Catala se, 264
Catechu, Extract, 218, see Black cutch, extract;
Cachou, extract; Cashoo, extract; Pegu cate
chu, extract
Catechu, Powder, 218, see Gambir catechu;
Gambir, gum; Pale Catechu; Terra japonica
Cayenne, 218
Cedar leaf, Oil, 219
Cedro, Oil, 219, see Lemon, oil, terpeneless
Celery ketone, see 3-Methyl-5-propyl-cycIohex2 - enone
Celery seed, 219
Celery seed, Extract, 219
Celery seed. Extract solid, 219
Celery seed, Oil, 219
Cellulose gum, see Cellulose, sodium carboxy
methyl
Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl methyl- , 31
Cellulose, Methyl-, 32
Cellulose, Methyl ethyl, 32
Cellulose, Sodium carboxymethyl, 32
Ceratonia siliqua L. , see Carob bean, extract;
Locust, gum
Cetone D, 98, see Methyl -naphthyl ketone
Cetone V, 98, see Allyl a-ionone
a-Cetone, 98, see Methyl-a-ionone
0-Cetone, 98, see Methyl-0-ionone
Cetyl alcohol, 98, see 1-Hexadecanol
Cetylic acid, 98, see Palmitic acid
Ceylon cinnamon, 219, see Cinnamon
Ceylon cinnamon leaf. Oil, 219, see Cinnamon
leaf, oil
Chamomile flower, English, Oil, 219
Chamomile flower, Hungarian, Oil, 220
Chamomile flower, Roman, Extract, 220
Chamomile flower, Roman, Oil, 220
Chavicyl methyl ether, 98, see Estragole
Checkerberry, Extract, 220, see Wintergreen,
extract
Checkerberry, Oil, 220, see Wintergreen, oil
Cherry laurel, Oil (FFPA), 220
Cherry pits, Extract, 220
Chervil, 220
Chicory, Extract, 221
Chiite. 264
Chimaphila umbellata Nutt., see Pipsissewa
leaves, extract
China bark. Extract, 221, see Qu iliaia
Chinese cinnamon, 221, see Cinnamon
Chinese cinnamon leaf. Oil, 221, see Cinnamon
leaf, oil
Chloramine, Sodium -toluene sulfo- , 37
Chloramine T, see Chloramine, sodium -toluene
sulfo-
Chlorine, 37
Chlorine dioxide, 37
Chlorine gas, see Chlorine
Chlorite, Calcium hypo-, 3
Chlorite, Sodium, 37, see Chlorite, sodium
hypo
hlorite. Sodium hypo-, 3, see Chlorite, sodium
Chlortetracycline, 3
Cholic acid, 21
Choline bitartrate, 57
Choline chloride, 57
Chondrus Extract, see Carrageenan
Cichorium intybus L., see Chicory, extract
Cinchona, see Cinchona bark, red; Cinchona
bark, yellow; Cinchona bark, yellow, extract;
Cinchona, extract
Cinchona bark. Red, 221
Cinchona bark. Red, Extract, 221
Cinchona bark. Yellow, 221
Cinchona bark. Yellow, Extract, 221
Cinchona calisaya Wedd . , see Cinchona bark,
yellow; Cinchona bark, yellow, extract;
Cinchona, extract
Cinchona, Extract, 221, see Quinine, extract
Cinchona ledge riana Moens et Trimen, see
Cinchona bark, yellow; Cinchona bark, yellow,
extract; Cinchona, extract
Cinchona species, see Cinchona bark, yellow;
Cinchona bark, yellow, extract; Cinchona
extract
Cinchona succlrubra Pavon et Klotzsch or its
hybrids, see Cinchona bark, red; Cinchona
bark, red, extract; Cinchona extract
Cinene, 98, see d-Limonene
Cineole, 98, gee Eucalyptol
Cinnamal, 98, see Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde, 98, see Cinnamal; Cinnamic
aldehyde; Phenylacrolein; 3-Phenylpropenal
Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 96, see
Cinncloval
Cinnamein, 98, see Benzyl cinnamate
Cinnamic acid, 99, see Allyl cinnamate; Isoamyl
cinnamate; Benzyl cinnamate; Butyl cinnamate;
Isobutyl cinnamate; Cinnamyl cinnamate; Cyclohexyl cinnamate; Ethyl cinnamate; Heptyl cinna
mate; Linalyl cinnamate; Methyl cinnamate;
Phenethyl cinnamate; jS-Phenylacrylic acid;
3-Phenylpropenoic acid; 3-Phenylpropyl
cinnamate; Propyl cinnamate; Isopropyl
cinnamate; Terpinyl cinnamate
Cinnamic alcohol, 99, see Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamic aldehyde, 99, see Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamomum camphors (L .) Nees et Eberm. ,
see Camphor, Japanese, white, oil
Cinnamomum cassia Blume, see Cassia; Cassia
bark, extract; Cassia bark, oil; Cassia buds;
Cinnamon; Cinnamon bark, extract; Cinnamon
bark, oil; Cinnamon leaf, oil
Cinnamomum loureirii Blume, see Cinnamon;
Cinnamon bark, extract; Cinnamon bark, oil;
Cinnamon leaf, oil
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees, see Cinnamon;
Cinnamon bark, extract; Cinnamon bark, oil;
Cinnamon leaf, oil
Cinnamon, 222, see Ceylon cinnamon; Chinese
cinnamon; Saigon cinnamon
Cinnamon bark. Extract, 222
Cinnamon bark. Oil, 222
Cinnamon leaf. Oil, 222, see Ceylon cinnamon
leaf, oil; Chinese cinnamon leaf, oil; Saigon
cinnamon leaf, oil
Cinnamyl acetate, 99, see Acetic acid
Cinnamyl alcohol, 99, see Cinnamic alcohol;
y-Phenylallyl alcohol; Styryl carbinol
Cinnamyl anthranilate , 99
Cinnamyl benzoate, 99, see Benzoic acid
Cinnamyl butyrate, 99, see Butyric acid
Cinnamyl isobutyrate, 100, see Isobutyrlc acid

Cinnamyl cinnamate, 100, see Cinnamic acid;
Phenylallyl cinnamate; Styracin
Cinnamyl ester, see Cinnamyl acetate; Cinnamyl
anthranilate; Cinnamyl benzoate; Cinnamyl
butyrate; Cinnamyl isobutyrate; Cinnamyl
cinnamate; Cinnamyl formate; Cinnamyl phenylacetate; Cinnamyl propionate; Cinnamyl isovalerate
Cinnamyl formate, 100
Cinnamyl phenylacetate, 100, see Phenylacetic acid
Cinnamyl propionate, 100, see y-Phenyallyl
propionate; 3-Phenyl-2-propenyl propanoate;
Propionic acid
Cinnamyl isovalerate, 100, see Isovaleric acid
Cinncloval, 101, see Cinnamaldehyde ethylene
glycol acetal
Cire d'Abeille absolute, 222, see Beeswax, white
lstus ladaniferus L . , see Labdanum, absolute;
Labdanum, oil; Labdanum, oleoresin
Citral, 101, see 3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal;
Gcranial
Citral diethyl acetal, 101, see 3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 6octadlenal diethyl acetal
Citral dimethyl acetal, 101, see 3 , 7- Dimethyl 2, 6-octadienal dimethyl acetal
Citrate, Calcium, 43, see Citrate, sodium
Citrate, Isopropyl, 15
Citrate, Monoglyceride, 15
Citrate salts, 15, see Calcium citrate; Potassium
citrate
Citrate, Sodium 264, see Calcium citrate; Citric
acid
Citrate, Stearyl, 15
Citrate, Triethyl, 15
Citric acid, 15, 43, 101, see 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3propanetricarboxylic acid; 0-Hydroxytricarballyllc acid; Triethyl citrate
Citridic acid, 101, see Aconitac acid
CitroflexA-4, 101, see Tributyl acetylcitrate
Citronella, Oil, 222
Citronellal, 101, see 3 , 7-Dimethyl- 6-octenal;
Rhodinal
dl-Citronellol, 102, see 3, 7-Dimethyl- 6-octenl-ol
Citronelloxyacetaldehyde, 102, see 6, 10-Dimethyl-o-9-undecenal
Citronellyl acetate, 102, see Acetic acid; 3,7Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl acetate
Citronellyl butyrate, 102, see Butyric acid; 3,7Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl butyrate
Citronellyl isobutyrate, 102, see Isobutyrlc acid;
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl isobutyrate
Citronellyl ester, see Citronellyl acetate; Citro
nellyl butyrate; Citronellyl isobutyrate; Citro
nellyl formate; Citronellyl phenylacetate;
Citronellyl propionate; Citronellyl valerate
Citronellyl formate, 102, see 3, 7-Dimethyl-6octen-l-yl formate
Citronellyl phenylacetate, 102, see 3, 7-Dimethyl6-octen-l-yl phenylacetate; Phenylacetic acid
Citronellyl propionate, 103, see 3, 7-Dimethyl- 6octen-l-yl propionate; Propionic acid
Citronellyl valerate, 103, see 3, 7-Dimethyl- 6octen-l-yl valerate; Valeric acid
Citrus aurantifolla (Christman) Swingle, see Lime,
oil; Lime, oil, terpeneless
Citrus aurantium L., see Curacao peel, extract;
Curacso peel, oil; Neroli bigarde, oil; Orange
blossoms, absolute; Orange flowers; Orange
leaf, absolute; Orange peel, bitter, oil; Petitgrain, oil
Citrus aurantium L. subsp. bergamia Wright et
Arn, see Bergamot, oil
Citrus bioflavonoids, 57
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., see Lemon, extract;
Lemon, oil; Lemon, oil, terpeneless; Petitgrain, lemon, oil
Citrus paradisi Macf . , see Grapefruit, oil;
Naringen, extract
278
Citrus peels, Extract, 222

Citrus Red No. 2, 49
Citrus reticulata Blanco, see Mandarin, oil;
Tangerine, oil
Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Mandarin, see
Petitgrain, Mandarin, oil
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, see Orange oil,
distilled; Orange, oil, terpeneless; Orange
peel, sweet, extract; Orange peel, sweet, oil;
Orange peel, sweet, oil, terpeneless
Citrus species, see Citrus peels, extract
Civet, Absolute, 222
Civet cats, see Civet, absolute
Clary, 223, see Clary, sage
Clary, Oil, 223, see Clary, sage, oil
Clary, Sage, 223, see Clary
Clary, Sage, Oil, 223, see Clary, oil
Clove bud, Extract, 223
Clove bud, Oil, 223
Clove bud, Oleoresin, 223
Clove leaf. Oil, 223
Clover tops, Red, Extract solid, 224, see Trifolium,
extract solid
Cloves, 224
Clove stem. Oil, 224
Cobalt carbonate, see Cobalt sources
Cobalt chloride, see Cobalt sources
Cobalt gluconate, see Cobalt sources
Cobalt sources, 57
Cobalt sulfate, see Cobalt sources
Cobaltous salts, Cobaltous acetate. Chloride,
Sulfate, 21
Coca leaf. Extract (Decocainized), 224
Cochineal, 49
Coconut aldehyde, 103, see ^-Nonalactone
Coffeine, 103, see Caffeine
Cognac, Green, Oil, 224, see Amyl alcohol;
Isobutyl alcohol; Furfuryl alcohol; Propyl
alcohol
Cognac, White, Oil, 224, see Amyl alcohol;
Isobutyl alcohol; Furfuryl alcohol; Propyl
alcohol
Cola acuminata Schott et Endl., see Kola nut,
extract
Coleus, see Oregano
Combustion product gas, see Carbon monoxide
Combustion product gas (from the controlled
combustion in air of butane, propane, or
natural gas), 10
Commiphora abyssinica (Berg) Engler, see Myrrh,
gum; Myrrh, oil
Commiphora molmol Engler, see Myrrh, gum;
Myrrh, oil
Commiphora species, see Myrrh, gum; Myrrh,
oil
Copper sources, 58
Coriander, 224
Coriander, Oil, 225
Coriandrum sativum L., see Coriander;
Coriander, oil
Coridothymus capitatus Reichb., see Origanum,
oil (extractive)
Corn silk, 225
Corps praline, 103, see Maltol
Costus root. Oil, 225, see Spiral flag, oil
Cottonseed flour, 50
Couch grass, 225, see Doggrass, extract
Cream of tartar, see Tartrate, Potassium acid
Creosol, 103, see 2-Methoxy-4-methyl phenol
-Cresol, 103, see 4-Cresol
4-Cresol, 103, see -Cresol
o-Cresyl acetate, 103, see o-Tolyl acetate
- resyl acetate , 103, see -Tolyl acetate
-Cresyl isobutyrate. 103, see -Tolyl isobutyrate

-Cresyl dodecanoate, 103, see -Tolyl laurate
o-Creeylic acetate, 103, see o-Tolyl acetate
-Cresylic acetate, 103, see -Tolyl acetate
-Creayl laurate, 103, see -Tolyl laurate
o-Cresyl methyl ether, 103, see o-Methylanisole
-Cresyl methyl ether, 103, see -Methylanisole
-Creeyl phenylacetate, 103, see-Tolylphenylacetate
Cretan Dittany, 225, see Dittany of Crete
Crocus, Extract, 225, see Saffron, extract
Crocus sativus L. , see Saffron; Saffron, extract
Croton cascarilla Benn. , see Cascarilla bark,
extract; Cascarilla bark, oil
Croton eluteria Benn. , see Cascarilla bark, extract
Cubebs, 225
Cubebs, Oil, 225
Cumaldehyde, 103, see Cuminaldehyde
Cumin, 225
Cuminal, 103, see Cuminaldehyde
Cumin alcohol, 103, see - Isopropylbenzyl alcohol
Cuminaldehyde, 103, see Cumaldehyde; Cuminal;
Cuminic aldehyde; -Isopropyl benzaldehyde
Cumin, Black, 225
Cuminic alcohol, 104, see - Isopropylbenzyl
alcohol
Cuminic aldehyde, 104, see Cuminaldehyde
Cumin, Oil, 226
Cuminol, 104, see - Isopropylbenzyl alcohol
Cuminum cyminum L. , see Cumin; Cumin, oil
Cuminyl acetaldehyde, 104, see 3-(-Isopropyl)
phenyl propionaldehyde
Cuminyl alcohol, 104, see - Isopropylbenzyl
alcohol
Cupric chloride, see Copper sources
Cupric gluconate, see Copper sources
Cupric oxide, eee Copper sources
Cupric sulfate, see Copper sources
Cuprous iodide, see Iodine sources
Curacso peel, Extract, 226
Curacao peel, Oil, 226
Curcuma longa L., see Turmeric; Turmeric,
extract; Turmeric, oleoresin
Curcuma zeodoaria (Berg.) Rosc., see Zeodoary;
Zeodoary bark, extract
Currant buds, Black, Absolute, 226 , see Cassis
Cyanocobalamin, see Vitamin B^
Cyanodithioimidocarbonate, Disodium, 3
Cyclamal, 104
Cyclamates, 53
Cyclamen aldehyde, 104, see 2-Methyl-3-(-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde
Cyclohexaneacetic acid, 104, see Allyl cyclo
nexaneacetate
Cyclohexanebutyric acid, see Allyl cyclo
nexanebutyrate
Cyclohexanethyl acetate, 104, see Acetic acid;
Cyclohexylethyl acetate
Cyclohexanethyl ester, see Cyclohexanethyl
acetate
Cyclohexanehexanoic acid, see Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate
Cyclohexanepropionic acid, see Allyl cyclohexanepropionate; Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate
Cyclohexanevaleric acid, see Allyl cyclohexanevalerate
Cyclohexylacetic acid, see Cyclohexaneacetic acid
Cyclohexylethyl acetate, 104, see Acetic acid;
Cyclohexanethyl acetate
Cyclohexyl anthranilate , 104
Cyclohexyl butyrate, 104, see Butyric acid
Cyclohexyl cinnamate, 105, see Cinnamic acid
Dlallyl sulfide, 107, see Allyl sulfide

Cyclohexylethyl acetate, 105, see Cyclohexane
thyl acetate
Diammonium orthophosphate, see Phosphate,
Ammonium, dibasic
Cyclohexyl ester, see Cyclohexylethyl acetate;
Cyclohexyl anthranilate; Cyclohexyl butyrate.
Diasmol,
108, see 1 , 3-Nonanediol acetate
Cyclocinnamate; Cyclohexyl formate; Cyclo
(mixed esters)
hexyl propionate; Cyclohexyl isovalerate
Dibenzyl disulfide, see Benzyl disulfide
Cyclohexyl formate, 105
Dibenzyl ether, 108
Cyclohexyl propionate, 105. see Propionic acid
Dibenzyl ketone, 108, see 1 , 3 -Diphenyl- 2 Cyclohexylsulfamates, see Cyclamates
propanone
Cyclohexyl isovalerate, 105, see Isovaleric acid
4,4-Dibutyl-y-butyrolactone, 108, see 4,4Dibutyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid, - Lactone
Cyclopentadecanolide, 105, see w-Pentadecalactone
Dibutyl ester, see Dibutyl at? bac ate
Cyclotene, 105, see Methylcyclopentenolone
4,4-Dibutyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid, y-Lactone,
Cymene, 105, see -Cymene
108, see 4, 4-Dibutyl-y-butyrolactone
-Cymene, 105, see Cymene; Cymol
Dibutyl
sebacate, 108, see Butyl sebacate
-Cymen- 7- carboxaldehyde . 105, see p_- Isopropyl Dibutyl sulfide, 108, see Butyl sulfide
phenylacetaldehyde
Dicalcium orthophosphate, see Calcium phos
-Cymen-7-ol, 105, see - Isopropylbenzyl
phate, dibasic
alcohol
Diethyl ester, see Diethyl malate; Diethyl
2--Cymenol, 105, see Carvacrol
sebacate; Diethyl succinate; Diethyl tartrate
3--Cymenol, 105, see Thymol
Diethyl
malate, 108, see Ethyl malate; Malic
Cymbopogon citratus DC., see Lemon- grass, oil
acid
Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf., see Lemon-grass,
Diethyl pyrocarbonate, 4
oil
Diethyl
sebacate, 108, see Ethyl sebacate
Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Stapf., see Palma
Diethyl succinate, 109, see Succinic acid
Rosa, oil
Diethyl tartrate, 109, see Tartaric acid
Cymbopogon nardus Rendle, see Citronella, oil
Dihydroanethole, 109, see - Propyl anisole
Cymol, 105, see -Cymene
Dihydrocarveol, 109, see 8--Menthen-2-ol;
ymophenol, 106, see Carvacrol
6- Methyl- 3 - isopropenyl- cyclohexanol
Cysteine (L- form), 58
Dihydrocarvyl
acetate, 109, see Acetic acid
Cystine (L- and DL- forms), 58
Dihydrocarvyl
ester, see Dihydrocarvyl
Daemonorops spp. or other botanical sources,
acetate
see Dragon's blood, extract
Dihydrocoumarin, 109. see 1 , 2-BenzodihydroDandelion root. Extract solid, 226
pyrone; Hydrocoumarin
Dandelion, Fluid extract, 226
Dihydroguaiaretic acid, Normal, see Nordihydroguaiaretic acid
Daucua carota L. , see Carrot, oil
2, 3-Dihydro-3-oxo-benzisosulfonazole, see
Davana, Oil, 226
Saccharin
0- Decalactone, 106, see 5-Hydroxydecanolc acid,
2. 3- Diketobutane, 109, see Diacetyl
-Lactone
Dilauryl thiodipropionate, 10
Decanal, 106, see Aldehyde -10. Capraldehyde;
Capric aldehyde; Caprinaldehyde
Dill, 226
Decanal dimethyl acetal, 106, see 1, 1-Dimethoxy- Dill, Oil, 226
decane
Decanoic acid, 106, see Capric acid; Decylic acid; Dill seed, Indian, 227
1,2-Dimethoxy-4-allylbenzene, 109, see Eugenyl
Ethyl decanoate
methyl ether
2-Decenoic acid, see Butyl 2-decenoate
1,1Dimethoxy- 2 -amyl-3 - phenyl- 2- propene ,
Decanol acetate, see Decyl acetate
109, see a-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal
1- Decanol, 106, see Alcohol C-l0; Decyl alcohol;
m-Dimethoxybenzene, 109, see 1,3-DimethoxyDecylic alcohol; Nonylcarbinol
benzene; Dimethyl resorcinol; Resorcinol
dimethyl ether
Decany1 acetate, 106, see Decyl acetate
-Dimethoxybenzene, 110, see Dimethyl hydro2 - Decenal, 107, see Decenaldehyde
quinone; Hydroquinone dimethyl ether
Decenaldehyde, 107, see 2 -Decenal
1
,
3-Dimethoxybenzene,
110, see m-Dimethoxy
Decyl acetate, 107, see Acetate C-l0; Acetic acid
benzene
Decyl alcohol, 107, see 1-Decanol
3 . 4- Dimethoxybenzenecarbonal, 110, see
Veratraldehyde
Isodecylaldehyde, 107, see 2,6-Dimethyl octanal
1 , 1 -Dimethoxydecane, 110, see Decanal dimethyl
Decyl butyrate, 107, see Butyric acid
acetal
Decyl ester, eee Decyl acetate; Decyl butyrate;
1 , 1-Dimethoxyoctane, 110, see Octanal dimethyl
Decyl propionate
acetal
Decyl propionate, 107, see Propionic acid
C-8
Dimethylacetal, 110, see Octanal dimethyl
Decylic acid, 107, see Decanoic acid
acetal
Decylic alcohol, 107, see 1-Decanol
2, 4-Dimethylacetophenone, 110
Dehydroacetate, Sodium, 4
Dimethyl anthranilate, 110, see Methyl N-methylanthranilate
Dehydroacetic acid, see Dehydroacetate, sodium
a.a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate, 110, see IsoDelphinic acid, 107, see Isovaleric acid
butyric acid; Phenyl dimethyl carbinyl iso
Desoxycholic acid, 21
butyrate
Dextrans, 32
Dimethyl benzyl carbinol, 110, see a(a-Dimethyl
phenethyl alcohol
Dextrin, 32
a.a-Dimethylbenzyl ester, see a,(t-Dimethylbenzyl
Diacetyl, 107, see Biacetyl; Butandione; 2,3isobutyrate
Butanedione; 2, 3-Diketobutane; Dimethylglyoxal;
Dimethyl ketone
Dimethylcarbinol, 110, see Isopropyl alcohol
Diacetyl tartaric acid glyceridee, esters of mono2. 3-Dimethylcrotonic acid, see Benzyl 2,3and difrom the glycerolysis of edible fats or
dimethylc rotnate
oils, 22
Dimethyl
disulfide, see Methyl disulfide
Diallyl disulfide, 107, see Allyl disulfide
279
Dimethyl ester, see Dimethyl succinate

Dimethyl ether protocatechualdehyde, 110, see
Veratraidehyde
Dimethylglyoxal, 110, see Diacetyl
2, 6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal, 110, see Melonal
Dimethyl hydroquinone, 110, see -Dimethoxybenzene
3, 7-Dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctanal, 111, see
Hydroxycitronella
Dimethylketol, 111, see Acetoin
Dimethyl ketone. 111, see Diacetyl
2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, 111, see
Camphene
3, 7-Dimethyl-1, 6-octadien-3-ol, 111, see
Linalool
cis- 3 , 7- Dimethyl- 2 , 6-octadien- 1 -ol, 111, see
Nerol
trans- 3 , 7- Dimethyl-2 , 6-octadien- 1 -ol, 111,
see Geraniol
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, 111, see itral
3.7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal diethyl acetal, 111,
see Citral diethyl acetal; Citral dimethyl
acetal
3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal dimethyl acetal,
111, see Citral dimethyl acetal
2, 6-Dimethyl octanal, 111, see Isodecyaldehyde
3, 7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol, 111, see Tetrahydrolinalool
3, 7-Dimethyl-1, 7-octanediol, 111, see Hydroxycitronellol
3, 7-Dimethyl-l -octanol, 111, see Tetrahydrogeraniol
2, e-Dimethylocten (1 or 2)-ol-8-acetate, see
Citronellyl acetate
3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-ol, 111, seedl-Citronellol
3, 7-Dimethyl-7-octen-l-ol, 111
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl acetate. 111, see
Citronellyl acetate
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl butyrate. 111, see
Citronellyl butyrate
3, 7-Dimethyi-6-octen-l-yl isobutyrate, 111,
see Citronellyl isobutyrate
3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl formate. 111, see
Citronellyl formate
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl phenylacetate. 111,
see Citronellyl phenylacetate
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-yl propionate. 111, see
Citronellyl propionate
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l -yl valerate. 111, see
Citronellyl valerate
3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octenal, 111, see Citronella
6, 10-Dimethyl-3-oxa-9-undecenal, 111, see
Citronelloxyacetaldenyde
a, a- Dimethylphenethyl acetate, 112, see Acetic
acid; Benzyl dimethyl carbinyl acetate;
Benzylpropyl acetate
a, a- Dimethylphenethyl alcohol, 112, see Benzyl
propyl alcohol; Dimethyl benzyl alcohol
a, a-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate, 112, see Benzyl
dimethyl carbinyl butyrate
Dimethyl phenethyl carbinyl acetate, 112
Dimethyl phenethyl carbinyl isobutyrate, 112,
see 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate
a, a- Dimethylphenethyl ester, see ,a- Dimethyl
phenethyl acetate; a, r- Dimethylphenethyl
butyrate; a, a- Dimethylphenethyl formate
, a- Dimethylphenethyl formate, 112, see Benzyl
dimethyl carbinyl formate
Dimethyl polysiloxane, 21
Dimethyl resorcinol, 112, see m-Dimethoxybenzene
Dimethyl succinate, 112, see Succinic acid
Dimethyl sulfide, 112, see Methyl sulfide
6, 10-Dimethyl-9-undecen-2-one, 112, see
Tetrahydro-seudo- ionone
2 , 6-Dmitro-3-methoxy-l -methyl- 4- tert-butylbenzene, 163, see Musk, ambrette
4,6-Dinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butyl-2-acetylbenzene, see Musk ketone

Dioxymethylene protocatechuic aldehyde, 112,
see Piperonal
Dipentene, 112, see d_-Limonene
Diphenyl ketone, 112, see Benzophenone
1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone, 112, see Dibenzyl
ketone
Dipotassium orthophosphate, see Phosphate,
potassium, dibasic
Dipropyl disulfide, 113
Dipropyl ketone, 113, see 4-Heptanone
Diaodium cyanodithioimidocarbonate, 3
Disodium dihydrogen salt of EDTA, see Ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA)
Disodium phosphate, see Phosphate, sodium,
dibasic
Distilled acetylated monoglycerides, 22
2, 6-Di-tertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol, see
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol, see Butylated
hydroxytoluene
Dittany of Crete, 227, see Cretan Dittany; Spanish
hops
y-Dodecalactone, 113, see 4-Hydroxydodecanoic
acid, y-Lactone; y-Octyl-y-butyrolactone
'-Dodecalactone, 113, see 5-Hydroxydodecanoic
acid, -lactone
Dodecanal, 113, see Laurlc aldehyde
Dodecanoic acid, 113, see Isoamyl laurate; Butyl
laurate; Ethyl laurate; Laurlc acid; -Tolyl
laurate
1-Dodecanol, 113, see Lauryl alcohol
Dodecanyl acetate, 113, see Lauryl acetate
2- Dodecenal, 113
Dodecoic acid, 113, see Laurlc acid
Dodecyl acetate, 112, see Lauryl acetate
Dodecyl alcohol, 113, see Lauryl alcohol
Dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Sodium, 21
Dodecyl ester, see Lauryl acetate
Doggrass, Extract, 227, see Agropyrum;
Couch grass; Graminia; Quack grasa;
Quick grass; Triticum
Draco rubin, Extract, 227, see Dragon's blood,
extract
Draylic acid, 113, see Benzoic acid
Dragon's blood, Extract, 227, see Draco
rubin, extract
Dried yeast, 61
Dulse, 227
Elder flowers, 227
Elemi, Gum, 227
Eleml, Oil, 227
Eletteria cardamomum (L.) Maton, see
Cardamom; Cardamom seed, oil
Enanthal, 113, see Heptanal
Enanthaldehyde, 114, see Heptanal
Enanthic alcohol, 114, see Heptyl alcohol
Enanthyl alcohol, 114, see Heptyl alcohol
Enzactin, 114, see (tri-) Acetin
Epichlorhydrin, 264
1 , 8-Epoxy--menthane, 114, see Eucalyptol
Erigeron canadensis L., see Erigeron, oil
Erigeron, Oil, 228, see Fieabane, oil
Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, and Arn.)
Torr., see Yerba Santa, fluid extract
Erythorbate, Sodium, 10
Erythorbic acid, 10
Erythrosine, see FD&C Red No. 3
Erythroxylon coca Lam . , see Coca leaf,
extract (decocainized)
Equisetic acid, 114, see Aconitac acid
Esdragol, 114, see Estragole
280
Estragole, 114, see -AHylanisole; Chavicy1

methyl ether; -Methoxyallylbenzene;
Methyl chavicol
Estragon, Oil, 228, see Tarragon, oil
Ethanal, 114, see Acetaldehyde
Ethanolc acid, 114, see Acetic acid
Ethanol, see Ethyl alcohol
Ethone, 114, see l-(-Methoxyphenyl)- 1penten-3-one
Ethovan, 114, see Ethyl vanillin
6-Ethoxy-m-anol, 114, see Propenyl gusethol
-Ethoxybenzaldehyde, 114
2-Ethoxy--cymene, 114, see Carvacryl ethyl
ether
3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 114, see
Ethyl vanillin
1- Ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-propenylbenzene, 114,
see Propenyl guaethol
2- Ethoxynaphthalene, 114, see 0-Naphthyl ethyl
ether
2-Ethoxy-5-propenylanisole, 114, see Isoeugenyl
ethyl ether
Ethyl acetate, 114, see Acetic ether; Vinegar
naphtha
Ethylacetic acid, 115, see Butyric acid
Ethyl acetoacetate, 115, see Acetoacetic ester;
Ethyl- 3 -oxobutanoate
Ethyl acetone, 115, see 2-Pentanone
Ethyl a-acetylhydrocinnamate, 115, see Ethyl
2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate
Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate, 115, see
Ethyl of- acetylhydrocinnamate
Ethyl aconitate, 115, see Aconitic acid; Ethyl
1 - propene-l,2,3- tricarboxylate
Ethyl acrylate, 115
Ethyl alcohol, 264
Ethyl amyl ketone , 115, see 3-Octanone
Ethyl -anisate, 115
Ethyl anthranilate, 115
Ethyl benzenecarboxylate, 116, see Ethyl benzoate
Ethyl benzoate, 116, see Ethyl benzenecarboxylate
Ethyl benzoylacetate, 116
Ethyl benzyl acetoacetate, 116, see Ethyl 2 -acetyi3 - phenylpropionate
a-Ethyl benzyl butyrate, 116, see Butyric acid;
a-Phenylpropyl butyrate
a-Ethylbenzyl ester, see o- Ethyl benzyl butyrate
2 -Ethyl butyl acetate, 116, see Acetic acid
2-Ethyl-3-butyUcrolein, 116. see 2-Ethyl-2heptenal
2-Ethyl butyl ester, see 2 -Ethyl butyl acetate
Ethyl butyl ketone, 116, see 3-Heptanone
2-Ethylbutyraldehyde. 116
Ethyl butyrate, 116, see Butyric acid
Ethyl isobutyrate, 117, see Isobutyric acid
Ethylbutyric acid, see ft-Ethylbutyric acid
a-Ethylbutyric acid, 117
2-Ethylbutyric acid, 117, see Allyl 2-Ethylbutyrate
Ethyl butyrolactone , 117, see y-Hexalactone
Ethyl caprate, see Cognac, green, oil; Cognac,
white, oil
Ethyl caprylate, see Cognac, green, oil;
Cognac, white, oil
Ethyl carvacrol, 117, see Carvacryl ethyl ether
Ethyl cellulose, 264
Ethyl cinnamate, 117, see Cinnamic acid; Ethyl
phenylacrylate; Ethyl 3-phenylpropenoate
Ethyl citrate, 117, see Triethyl citrate
Triethyl citrate, 15, see Ethyl citrate
Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate, 117, see Ethyl
cyc lohexylpropionate
Ethyl cyclohexylpropionate, 117, see Ethyl
ccloheXanepropionate
Ethyl decanoste, 117, see Decanoic acid

Ethyl dodecanoate, 118, see Ethyl laurate
Ethylenediamine, 4
Ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), 15
trans -l,2- Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, 118,
see Fumaric acid
Ethylene dichloride, 264
Ethylene oxide -methyl formate mixture, 4
Ethyl ester, see Ethyl acetate; Ethyl acetoacetate;
Ethyl 2- acetyl- 3-phenylpropionate; Ethyl
aconitate; Ethyl acrylate; Ethyl -anisate;
Ethyl anthranilate; Ethyl benzoylacetate; Ethyl
butyrate; Ethyl lsobutyrate; Ethyl cinnamate;
Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate; Ethyl decanoate;
Ethyl formate; Ethyl 2-furanpropionate; Ethyl
heptanoate; Ethyl hexanoate; Ethyl lactate;
Ethyl laurate; Ethyl levulinate; Ethyl myristate;
Ethyl nonanoate; Ethyl octanoate; Ethyl oleate;
Ethyl palmitate. Ethyl phenylacetate; Ethyl
4-phenylbutyrate; Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate;
Ethyl propionate; Ethyl pyruvate; Ethyl
salicylate; Ethyl sorbate; Ethyl tig late; Ethyl
10-undecenoate; Ethyl valerate; Ethyl isovalerate
Ethyl isoeugenol, 118
Ethyl formate, 4, 118, see Formic ether
Ethylformic acid, 118, see Propionic acid
Ethyl 2-furanpropionate, 118, see Ethyl furfurylhydracrylate; Ethyl furylpropionate
Ethyl furfurylhydracrylate, 118, see Ethyl 2furanpropionate
2-Ethyl-3-furylacrolein, 118, see 2-Furfurylidene butyraldehyde
Ethyl furylpropionate, 118, see Ethyl 2-furanpropionate
4-Ethylguaiacol, 118, see 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol
Ethyl heptanoate, 118
2-Ethyl-2-heptenal, 118, see 2-Ethyl-3-butylacroleh.
Ethyl hexadecanoate, 118, see Ethyl palmitate
Ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate, 119, see Ethyl sorbate
Ethyl hexanoate, 119, see Capronic ether absolute;
Hexanoic acid
2 - Ethyl hexyl acetate, 119, see Octyl acetate
2-Ethyl 1-hexylsulfate. Sodium, 21
Ethyl hydrocinnamate, 119
Ethyl a-hydroxypropionate, 119, see Ethyl lactate
Ethyl lactate, 119, see Ethyl of-hydroxypropionate;
Lactic acid
Ethyl laurate, 119, see Dodecanoic acid; Ethyl
dodecanoate
Ethyl levulinate, 119, see Levulinic acid
Ethyl malate, 119, see Diethyl malate
4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 119, see 4-Ethylguaiacol
Ethyl trans-2-methyl-2-butenoate, 119, see Ethyl
tigLate
Ethyl 0-methylbutyrate, 119, see Ethyl isovalerate
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 120
Ethyl methyl phenylglycidate, 120, see Aldehyde
C-l6 pure (so-called); Ethyl 3-methyl- 3phenylglycidate; Strawberry aldehyde
Ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate, 120, see Ethyl
methyl phenylglycidate
Ethyl myristate, 120, see Ethyl tetradecanoate;
Tetradecanoic acid
Ethyl 2-naphthyl ether, 120, see -Naphthyl ethyl
ether
Ethyl nitrite, 120, see Spirit of nitrous ether;
Sweet spirit of nitre
Ethyl nonanoate, 120, see Nonanoic acid
Ethyl 2-nonynoate, 120, see Ethyl octyne carbonate
Ethyl octanoate, 120, see Octanoic acid
Ethyl octyne carbonate, 121, see Ethyl 2-nonynoate
Ethyl oleate, 121, see Oleic acid
Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate, 121, see Ethyl acetoacetate
Ethyl oxyhydrate, 121, see Rum ether
Ethyl palmitate, 121, see Ethyl hexadecanoate;
Hexadecanoic acid
Ethyl phenylacetate, 121, see Phenylacetic acid; aTolulc acid, ethyl ester
Ethyl phenylacrylate, 121, see Ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate, 121
Ethyl 3- phenylglycidate, 121
Ethyl 3-phenylpropenoate, 121, see Ethyl
cinnamate
Ethyl 2-phenylpropionate, see Ethyl hydro
cinnamate
Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate, 121, see 3-Phenylpropionic acid
Ethyl 1-propene- 1 , 2, 3-tricarboxylate, 122, see
Ethyl aconitate
Ethyl propionate, 122, see Propionic acid
Ethyl pyruvate, 122, see Pyruvic acid
Ethyl salicylate, 122, see Salicylic ether
Ethyl sebacate, 122, see Diethyl sebacate
Ethyl sorbate, 122, see Ethyl 2, 4-hexadienoate
Ethyl tetradecanoate, 122, see Ethyl myristate
Ethyl tiglate. 122, see Ethyl trans -2 -methyl- 2butenoate
Ethyl 10-undecenoate, 122
Ethyl valerate, 123, see Valeric acid
Ethyl isovalerate, 123, see Ethyl -methylbutyrate; Isovaleric acid
Ethyl vanillin, 123, see Ethovan; 3-Ethoxy-4hydrobenzaldehyde; Vanillal
Eubatus, Rubus, see Blackberry bark, extract
Eucalyptol, 123, see Cajeputol; Cineole; 1,8Epoxy--menthane
Eucalyptus globulus Labille, see Eucalyptus, oil
Eucalyptus, Oil, 228
Eucheuma cottoni. Extract, 32
Eucheuma spinosum. Extract, see Eucheuma
cottoni, extract
Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill. , see Clove bud.
Clove bud, oil; Clove bud, oleoresin; Clove
leaf, oil; Cloves; Clove stem, oil
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. , see Clove bud,
extract; Clove bud, oil; Clove bud, oleoresin;
Clove leaf, oil; Cloves, Clove stem, oil
Eugenol, 21, 123, see 4- Allylguaiacol; 4-Allyl2-methoxyphenol; 4- Hydroxy- 3- methoxy- 1 allylbenzene
Isoeugenol, 124, see 2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenol;
4-Propenylguaiacol
Isoeugenyl, see Ethyl isoeugenol; Isoeugenyl
acetate
Eugenyl acetate, 124, see Acetic acid; Acetyl
eugenol
Isoeugenyl acetate, 124, see Acetic acid; Acetyl
isoeugenol
Isoeugenol benzyl ether, see Benzyl isoeugenol
Eugenyl benzoate, 124, see 4- Allyl-2-methoxyphenyl benzoate; Benzoic acid; Benzoyl eugenol
Eugenyl ester, see Eugenyl acetate; Eugenyl
benzoate; Eugenyl formate
Isoeugenyl ester, see Isoeugenyl acetate; Isoeugenyl
formate; Isoeugenyl phenylacetate
Isoeugenyl ethyl ether, 124, see 2-Ethoxy-Spropenylanisole
Eugenyl formate, 124, see 4- Allyl-2-methoxyphenyl
formate
Isoeugenyl formate, 124, see 2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenyl formate
Eugenyl methyl ether, 125, see 4- Allylveratrole;
1 , 2-Dimethoxy-4-allylbenzene; Methyl eugenol
Isoeugenyl methyl ether, 125, see Methyl iso
eugenol; 4-Propenylveratrole
Isoeugenyl phenylacetate, 125, see 2-Methoxy-4propenylphenyl phenylacetate; Phenylacetic acid
Evernia furfuracea (L.) Mann, see Oak moss,
absolute
Evernia prunastri (L . ) Ach . , see Oak moss,
absolute
Exaltolide, 125, see w-Pentadecalactone
Farnesol, 125, see 3, 7-l1 -Trimethyl-2 . 6, 10dodecatrien- l-ol
281
Fast green FCF, see FD&C Green No. 3

Fatty acids, free of chick-edema factor (caprylic,
capric, lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic,
stearic, and combinations of these), 264
Fatty acids (one or any mixture of the following
fatty acids: capric, caprylic, lauric, myristic,
oleic, palmitic, stearic), 21
Fatty acids, Polyglycerol esters, 21
Fatty acid. Salts of, 21
Fatty acids, Salts of (one or more of the aluminum,
ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium,
and sodium salts of the above fatty acids), 264
Florence fennel, 229, see Fennel, sweet
Fluorine sourccs, 58
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., see Fennel, common
Foeniculum vulgare Mill . var . dulce (DC . ) Alef . ,
see Fennel, sweet
Folic acid, 58
Food starch, modified, 34
Formaldehyde, 4, 22
Formaldehyde, para-, 4
Paraformaldehyde, 4
Formic acid, see Amyl formate; Isoamyl formate;
Anisyl formate; Benzyl formate; Bornyl formate;
Isobornyl formate; Butyl formate; Isobutyl
formate; Cinnamyl formate; Citronellyl formate;
Cyclohexyl formate; or.a-Dimethylphenethyl
formate; Ethyl formate; Eugenyl formate; Iso
eugenyl formate; Geranyl formate; Heptyl
formate; Hexyl formate; Linalyl formate; Methylbenzyl formate; Neryl formate; Octyl
formate; Phenethyl formate; 3-Phenylpropyl
formate; Propyl formate; Isopropyl formate;
Rhodinyl formate; Terpinyl formate
Formic ether, 126, see Ethyl formate
Frankincense, 229, see Olibanum, oil
Fumaric acid, 43, 126, see Allomaleic acid;
Boletic acid; trans - Butenedioic acid; trans- 1 , 2Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
Fumaric acid (Rosin adduct, esterified with
glycerin), 264
2-Furaldehyde, 126, see Furfural
2-Furanacrolein, 126, see Furyl acrolein
2-Furanacrylic acid, see Propyl 2-furanacrylate
2-Furanbutyric acid, see Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate
2- Furancarbinol, 126, see Furfuryl alcohol
2- Furanmethanethiol, 126, see Furfuryl mercaptan
2- Furanpropionic acid, see Isoamyl 2-furan
propionate; Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate; Ethyl
2-furanpropionate
Furcelleran, Salts of, (One or more of a mixture
of the sodium, calcium, potassium and
ammonium salts of furcelleran), 32
Furcelleran (refined hydrocolloid prepared by
aqueous extraction of furcellaria fastigiata of
the class rodophyceae (red seaweed)), 32
Furfural, 126, see 2- Furaldehyde; Pyromucic
aldehyde
Furfuralacetone, 126, see 4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten2 -one
Furfuralcohol, 126, see Furfuryl alcohol
Fatty acids, Soybean, Hydroxylated, 22
Fatty acids of cottonseed and soybean, 22, 264
Fatty acids of tallow, 22, 264
FD&C Blue No. 1, 50
FD&C Blue No. 2, 50
FD&C Green No. 1, 50
FD&C Red No. 2, 50
FD&C Red No. 3, 50
FD&C Violet No. 1, 50
FD&C Yellow No. 5. 50
FD&C Yellow No. 6, 50
FD&C Lakes, 50
2-Fenchanol, 125, see Fenchyl alcohol
Fenchol, 125, see Fenchyl alcohol

d-Fenchone, 125, see d-1,3.3-Trimethyl-2norbornanone
Fenchyl alcohol, 126, see 2-Fenchanol; Fenchol;
1 , 3 , 3 - Tr imethyl- 2- norbornanol
Fennel, Common, 228
Fennel, Sweet, 228, see Finochio; Florence
fennel
Fenugreek, 228
Fenugreek, Extract, 229
Fenugreek, Oleoresin, 229
Ferric choline citrate, see Choline chloride;
Iron sources
Ferric phosphate, see Iron sources
Ferric pyrophosphate, see Iron sources
Ferric sodium pyrophosphate (Sodium iron
pyrophosphate), see Iron sources
Ferrocyanide decahydrate. Sodium, 264
Ferrous fumarate, 50, see Iron sources
Ferrous gluconate, 50, see Iron sources
Ferrous lactate, see Iron sources
Ferrous sulfate, see Iron sources
Ferula assafoetida L., see Asafetida, fluid
extract; Asafetida, gum; Asafetida, oil
Ferula galbaniflua Boiss, et Buhse and other Ferula
species, see Galbanum, oil; Galbanum, resin
Flcin, 264
Finochio, 229, see Fennel, sweet
Fleabane, Oil, 229, see Erigeron, oil
Furfuryl acetate, 126, see Acetic acid
Furfuryl alcohol, 127, see Cognac, green, oil;
Cognac, white, oil; 2-Furancarbinol; Furfuralcohol; - Furylcarbinol; 2-Furylcarbinol;
2 - Hydroxymethylfuran
Furfuryl ester, see Furfuryl acetate
Furfurylidene acetone, 127, see 4-(2- FuryD3-buten-2-one
2 -Furfurylidene butyraldehyde , 127, see 2Ethyl-3 -furylacrolein
Furfuryl mercaptan, 127, see 2-Furanmethanethiol
Furoic acid, see Allyl 2-furoate; Methyl-2furoate
2-Furoic acid, see Amyl 2-furoate; Hexyl 2furoate; Phenethyl 2-furoate; Propyl 2-furoate
Furyl acetone, 127
Furyl acrolein, 127, see 2- Furanacrolein
4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-2-one. 127, see Furfuralacetone; Furfurylidene acetone
a- Furylcarbinol , 127, see Furfuryl alcohol
2 -Furylcarbinol, 127, see Furfuryl alcohol
(2-Furyl)-2-propanone, 127
(2-Furyl) propanone, see Furyl acetone
Fusel oil, Refined, 128, see Amyl alcohol
Galangal root, 229
Galangal root. Extract, 229
Galangal root. Oil, 229
Galbanum, Oil, 229
Galbanum, Resin, 230
Galipea officinalis Hancock, see Angostura,
extract
Gallic acid, see Propyl gallate
Gallotannic acid, 128, see Tannic acid
Gambir catechu, 230, see Catechu, powder
Gambir, Gum, 230, see Catechu, powder
Garden Rosemary, Oil, 230, see Rosemary, oil
Gardenol, 128, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate
Garlic, Oil, 230
Gas, Combustion product (from the controlled
combustion in air of butane, propane, or
natural gas), 10
Gaultheria rocumbens L., see Wintergreen,
extract; Wintergreen, oil
Gelatin, 33
Genet, Absolute, 230
Genet, Extract, 230, see Broom, extract
Gentiana lutea L., see Gentian root, extract
Gentian root. Extract, 230
Geranial, 128, see Citral
Geraniol, 128, see trans-3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 6octadien-l-ol
Geranium, Rose, Oil, 230
Geranyl acetate, 128, see Acetic acid
Geranyl acetoacetate, 128
Geranyl benzoate, 128, see Benzoic acid
Geranyl butyrate, 129, see Butyric acid
Geranyl isobutyrate, 129, see Isobutyric acid
Geranyl ester, see Geranyl acetate; Geranyl
acetoacetate; Geranyl benzoate; Geranyl
butyrate; Geranyl isobutyrate; Geranyl formate;
Geranyl hexanoate; Geranyl phenylacetate;
Geranyl propionate; Geranyl isovalerate
Geranyl formate, 129
Geranyl hexanoate, 129, see Hexanoic acid
Geranyl phenylacetate, 129, see Phenylacetic acid
Geranyl propionate, 129, see Propionic acid
Geranyl isovalerate, 129, see Isovaleric acid
Ghatti, Gum, 231, see Indian gum
Gibberellic acid and its potassium salt, 265
Gigartina acicularis extract, 33
Gigartina pistillate extract, see Gifartina
acicularis extract
Gigartina radula extract, see Gigartina acicularis
extract
Gigartina stellata extract, see Gigartina acicularis
extract
Ginger, 231
Ginger, Extract, 231
Ginger, Oil, 231
Ginger, Oleoresin, 231
Gluconate, Calcium, 16
Gluconate, Sodium, see Gluconate, Calcium
Glucono-delta-lactone, 43
Glucose pentaacetate , 130
Glutamate, Ammonium, 265
Glutamate, Monopotassium, 265
Glutamic acid, 265
Glutamic acid hydrochloride, 265
Glyceride citrate, mono-, 22
Monoglyceride citrate, 15, 22
Glycerides, Diacetyl tartaric acid esters of
mono- and difrom the glycerolysis of
edible fats or oils, 22
Glycerides, Distilled acetylated monoglycerides, 22
Glycerides, mono-,of fatty acids, 22
Glycerides, Monosodium phosphate derivatives
of mone- and difrom the glycerolysis of
edible fats or oils, 22
Monoglycerides of fatty acids, 22
Glycerides, mono- and di- (of edible fats or
oils, or edible fat- forming fatty acids), 22
Glycerides, Sodium sulfoacetate derivatives of
mono- and di-, 22
Glycerides, Sulfoacetates of mono- and di-, 22
Glycerin. 265
Glycerin ester of partially hydrogenated wood
rosin, see Rosins
Glycerin ester of polymerized rosin, see Rosins
Glycerine, polymerized and esterified with dis
tilled oleic, stearic, and coconut-oil fatty
acids (free of chick-edema factor), 265
Glycerol, see Glycerin
Glyceryl abietate, 22, 265
Glyceryl triacetate, 130, see (tri-) Acetin
Glyceryl tributyrate, 130, see (tri-) Butyrin
282
Glyceryl ester of wood rosin, see Glyceryl

abietate
Glyceryl lac to esters of fatty acids, 22
Glyceryl mono- and diesters (from alcoholysis
of soybean oil and/or hydrogenated tallow) and
propylene glycol, 22
Glycocholic acid, 23
Glycyrrhiza, 231, see Licorice root; Licorice,
extract
Glycyrrhiza, Extract, 231, see Licorice, extract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and other spp. of
Glycyrrhiza, see Glycyrrhizin, ammoniated;
Licorice, extract; Licorice, extract powder;
Licorice, root
Glycyrrhizin, Ammoniated, 231
Grains of Paradise, 231
Graminis, 231, see Doggrass, extract
Grapefruit, Oil, 232
Grapeskin extract, 50
Guaiacol, 130, see o-Hydroxyanisole; o-Methoxyphenol; Methylcatechol
Guaiacum officinale L. , see Guaiac wood, extract;
Guaiac wood, oil
Guaiacum sanctum L . , see Guaiac wood, extract;
Guaiac wood, oil
Guaiac wood acetate, see Guaiyl acetate
Guaiac wood, Extract, 232
Guaiac wood, Oil, 232
Guaiacyl acetate, 130
Guaiacyl ester, see Guaiacyl phenylacetate
Guaiacyl phenylacetate, 130, see Phenylacetic acid
Guaiyl acetate, 130, see Acetic acid
Guaiyl ester, see Guaiyl acetate
Guar, Gum, 33
Guarana, Gum, 232
Guaranme, 130, see Caffeine
Guinea green B, see FD&C Green No. 1
Gum acacia, 33
Gum arabic, see Gum acacia
Gum Benjamin, 232, see Benzoin, resin
Gum benzoin, 265
Gum, Carob bean, 33
Gum, Ghatti, 33, see Ghatti, gum
Gum guaiac, 10
Gum, Guar, 33
Gum karaya, 33
Gum, Oat, 34
Gum tragacanth, 34
Haw bark, Black, Extract, 232
Hedeoma pulegiodea (L.) Pers. (American), see
Pennyroyal, oil
Hedeona, Oil, 232, see Pennyroyal, oil
Hehchrysum angustifolium DC., see Immortelle,
extract
Heliotropine, 130, see Piperonal
Heliotropyl acetate, 130, see Piperonyl acetate
Helium, 265
Hemlock, Oil, 232, see Spruce, oil
Hendecanal, 130, see Undecanal
Hendecen-9-ol, 130, see 9-Undecanal
10-Hendecenyl acetate. 130, see 10-Undecen- 1yl acetate
y-Heptalactone, 131, see 4-Hydroxyheptanoic
acid, lactone
Heptaldehyde, 131, see Heptanal
Heptanal, 131, see Aldehyde C-7; Enanthai;
Enanthaldehyde; Heptaldehyde; Heptyl
aldehyde
Heptanal dimethyl acetal, 131
Heptanal glyceryl acetal (mixed 1,2 and 1,3
acetais), 131
2, 3-Heptanedione, 131, see Acetyl pentanoyl;
Acetyl valeryl
Heptanoic acid, see Allyl heptanoate; Amyl

heptanoate; Butyl heptanoate; Isobutyl
heptanoate; Ethyl heptanoate; Methyl
heptanoate; Octyl heptanoate; Propyl
heptanoate
1- Heptanol, 131, see Heptyl alcohol
2- Heptanone, 131, see Ketone C-7; Methyl amyl
ketone
3- Heptanone, 131, see Ethyl butyl ketone
4- Heptanone, 132, see Butyrone; Dipropyl
ketone
Heptyl acetate, 132, see Acetic acid
Heptyl alcohol, 132, see Alcohol C-7; Enanthic
alcohol; Enanthyl alcohol; 1-Heptanol; priHeptyl alcohol; Hydroxyheptane
2i-Heptyl alcohol, 132, see Heptyl alcohol
Heptyl aldehyde, 132, see Heptanal
Heptyl butyrate, 132, see Butyric acid
Heptyl isobutyrate, 132, see Isobutyric acid
y- Heptyl butyrolactone, 132, see y_-Undecalactone
Heptyl carbinol, 132, see 1-Octanol
Heptyl cinnamate, 132, see Cinnamic acid
Heptyl ester, see Heptyl acetate; Heptyl butyrate;
Heptyl isobutyrate; Heptyl cinnamate; Heptyl
formate; Heptyl octanoate
Heptyl formate, 132
Heptyl octanoate, 133, see Octanoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid, 133, see Ethyl palmitate;
Palmitic acid
1-Hexadecanol, 133. see Alcohol C- 16; Cetyl
alcohol
u^-6-Hexadecenlactone, 133, see Ambrettolide;
6-Hexadecenolide; 16- Hydroxy- 6-hexadecenoic
acid; - Lactone
6-Hexadecenolide, 133, see w;6-Hexadecenlactone
Hexadecylic acid, 133, see Palmitic acid
2, 4-Hexadienoate, 133, see Allyl sorbate
Hexahydropyridene, 133, see Piperidine
Hexahydrothymol, 133, see Menthol
-Hexalactone, 133, see Ethyl butyrolactone; 4Hydroxyhexanoic acid, y-lactone; Tonkalide
Hexaldehyde, 133, see Hexanal
Hexanal, 133, see Caproaldehyde; Caproic alde
hyde; Hexaldehyde; Hexoic aldehyde
Hexane. 265
Hexanedioic acid, 133, see Adipic acid
2, 3-Hexandione, 134, see Acetyl butyryl
Hexanoic acid, 134, see Allyl hexanoate; Amyl
hexanoate; Isoamyl hexanoate; Butyl hexanoate;
Isobutyl hexanoate; Caproic acid; Ethyl
hexanoate; Geranyl hexanoate; Hexoic acid;
Hexyl hexanoate; Linalyl hexanoate; Methyl
hexanoate; 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate; Propyl
hexanoate; Isopropyl hexanoate
2-Hexenolc acid, see Methyl 2-hexenoate
1- Hexanal, 134, see Hexyl alcohol
2- Hexenal, 134
cis-3-Hexenal, 134
2- Hexen-l-ol, 134
3- Hexen-l-ol, 134, see Blatteralkohol; Leaf
alcohol
2-Hexen-l-yl acetate, 134, see Acetic acid
2-Hexenyl ester, see 2-Hexen-l-yl acetate
Hexoic acid, 135, see Hexanoic acid
Hexoic aldehyde, 135, see Hexanal
Hexyl acetate, 135, see Acetic acid
2 - Hexyl- 4-acetoxytetrahydrofuran, 135
Hexyl alcohol, 135, see 1-Hexanol
Hexyl butyrate, 135, see Butyric acid
a-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, 135
Hexylenc glycol diacetate , 135, see 1 , 3-Nonanediol
acetate (mixed esters)
Hexyl ester, see Hexyl acetate; Hexyl butyrate;
Hexyl formate; Hexyl 2-furoate; Hexyl hexan
oate; Hexyl octanoate; Hexyl propionate
Hydroxycitronellal, 137, see 3, 7-Dimethyl-7Hexyl formate, 135

hydroxyoctanal; 3 , 7-Dimethyl- 1 , 7-octanediol;
Hexyl 2-furoate, 135
Laurine
Hexyl hexanoate, 136, see Hexanoic acid
Hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal, 137
1 (or 2) -Hexyl-2-hydroxyethoxy acetic acid, see
Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal, 13 7
2-Hexyl-5 (or 6) -keto- 1 , 4-dioxane
Hydroxycitronellol, 137
2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone, 136
2-Hydroxy--cymene, 138, see Carvacrol
2-Hexyl-5 (or 6) - keto -l, 4-dioxane, 136
4- Hydroxydecanoic acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
Hexyl octanoate, 136, see Octanoic acid
- Decalactone
Hexyl propionate, 136, see Propionic acid
5- Hydroxydecanoic acid, 6- Lactone, 138, see
Hibiscus abelraoschus L., see Ambrette, absolute,
0- Decalactone
oil; Ambrette, seed, oil; Ambrette, tincture
4- Hydroxydodecanoic acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
- Dodecalactone
Hickory bark, Extract, 232
Hipberries, Extract, 233, see Rose hips, extract
5- Hydroxydodecanoic acid, -Lactone, 138, see
- Dodecalactone
Histidine (L- and DL- forms), 58
Hydroxyheptane,
138, see Heptyl alcohol
Hops, Extract, 233
4Hydroxyheptanoic
acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
Hops, Extract solid, 233
y-Heptalactone
Hops, Oil, 233
16- Hydroxy- 6-hexadecenoic acid, w- Lactone,
138, see fJ-6-Hexadecenlactone
Horehound (Hoarhound), Extract, 233
4-Hydroxyhexanoic acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
Horsemint leaves, Extract, 233
y-Hexalactone
Humulus luulus L., see Hops, extract;
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-l-allylbenzene, 138, see
Hops, extract solid; Hops, oil
Eugenol
Hyacinth, Absolute, 233
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde,
138, see
Hyacinthin, 136, see Phenylacetaldehyde
Vanillin
Hyacinthus orientalis L., see Hyacinth, absolute
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyinonamide, 138, see
Hydratropaldehyde, 136, see 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde Nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide
Hydratropaldehyde dimethyl acetal, 136, see 24 -(4- Hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl)- butanone, 138,
Phenylpropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal
see Zingerone
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrene, 138, see 2Hydratropyl alcohol, 136, see 0-Methylphenethyl
Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol
alcohol
Hydroxyraethyl anethole, 138, see Propenyl
Hydratropyl butyrate, 136, see 2-Phenylpropyl
guaethol
butyrate
2- Hydroxymethylfuran, 138, see Furfuryl
Hydratropyl isobutyrate, 136, see 2-Phenylpropyl
alcohol
isobutyrate
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-l-methylbenzene, 138, see
Hydrochloric acid, 43
2-Methoxy-4-methyl phenol
Hydrocinnamic acid, 136, see 3-Phenylpropionic
1 -Hydroxymethyl-4-isopropenyl- 1-cyclohexene,
acid
138, see -Mentha-1, 8-dien-7-ol
Hydrocinnamaldehyde, see Benzylacetaldehyde;
3-Phenylpropionaldehyde; Phenylpropyl aldehyde 3- Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, 138, see Maltol
3- Hydroxy-2-methyl-y-pyrone, 138, see Maltol
Hydrocinnamyl acetate, 136, see 3- Phenylpropyl
acetate
4- Hydroxynonanoic acid, y-Lactone, 13 8, see
Hydrocinnamyl alcohol, 136, see 3-Phenyl-ly-Nonalactone
propanol
1- Hydroxy-3-nonanone ester, see 3-Nonanon-lHydrocinnamyl isobutyrate, 137, see 3-Phenylyl acetate
propyl isobutyrate
4- Hydroxyoctanoic acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
Hydrocinnamyl cinnamate, 137, see 3- Phenylpropyl
y-Octalactone
cinnamate
5- Hydroxy-4-octanone, 138, see Butyroin
Hydrocinnamyl formate, 137, see 3-Phenylpropyl
y-Hydroxy-0-oxobutane, 138, see Acetoin
formate
acid, u^-Lactone, 138,
Hydrocinnamyl hexanoate, 137, see 3- Phenylpropyl 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic
see u)-Pentadecalactone
hexanoate
acid, y-Lactone, 138, see
Hydrocinnamyl propionate, 137, see 3- Phenylpropyl 4-Hydroxypentanoic
y-Valerolactone
propionate
139, see
2- Hydrocinnamyl tetrahydrofuran, see 2-(3-Phenyl- 2- Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone,
Benzoin
propyl)tetrahydrofuran
139, see
Hydrocinnamyl isovalerate, 137, see 3- Phenylpropyl 4-(-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone,
-Hydroxybenzyl acetone
isovale rate
2 -Hydroxy- 1 , 2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid,
Hydrocoumarin, 137, see Dihydrocoumarin
139, see Citric acid
Hydrofluosilic acid, see Fluorine sources
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 31
Hydrogen peroxide, 4, 37
Hydroxypropyl starch, see Starch, modified
with propylene oxide
Hydrogenated rosin polymers of glycerin or
pentaerythritol, see Rosins
^-Hydroxysuccinic acid, 139, see ^-Malic acid
Hydrogenated tallow, 26
14-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 139, see w-Pentadecalactone
Hydrogenated tallow alcohol, 26
a-Hydroxytoluene, 139, see Benzyl alcohol
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide, see Polyacrylic acid
-Hydroxytricaballylic acid, 139, see Citric acid
Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, see Polyacrylic
acid
4-Hydroxyundecanoic acid, y-Lactone, 139, see
y_- Undecalactone
Hydroquinone dimethyl ether, 137, see -Dimethoxybenzene
Hypnone, 139, see Acetophenone
o-Hydroxyanisole, 137, see Guaiacol
Hyptis, see Oregano
o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, 137, see Salicylaldehyde
Hyssop, 233
-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, 137, see 4-(|>-HydroxyHyssop, Extract. 233
phenyl) - 2 - butanone
Hysopus officinalis L.. see Hyssop; Hyssop,
3- Hydroxy-2-butanone, 137, see Acetoin
extract; Hyssop, oil
2-Hydroxycamphane , 137, see Borneol
Hyssop, Oil, 233
283
Lactic acid, Butyl ester, Butyrate, 140, see

Illicium verum Hook, f., see Anise, star; Anise,
Butyl butyryllactate
star, oil
Lactoflavin, see Riboflavin
Immortelle, Extract, 234
6-Lactone, see 2-Hexyl-5 (or 6) - keto- 1 , 4-dioxane
Indian gum, 234, see Ghatti, gum
^-Lactone, see y-Dodecalactone; y-Heptalactone;
Indian tragacanth, 234, see Karaya, gum
2- Hexalactone
Indigo carmine, see FD&C Blue No. 2
Lanolin,
265
Indole, 139, see 2, 3-Benzopyrrole
Lantana, see Oregano
Inositol, 58
Larixinic acid, 140, see Maltol
lodate. Calcium, 37
Lauraldehyde, 140, see Lauric aldehyde
Iodate, Potassium, see lodate, calcium
Laurel berries, 236
Iodine (from dehydrated kelp), see Iodine sources
Laurel leaves, Extract, 236
Iodine sources, 58
Lauric acid, 140, see Dodecanoic acid; Dodecoic
a-Ionone, 139, see a-lrisone^ 4-(2, 6, 6-Triacid; Fatty acids; Laurostearic acid
methyl-2-cyclohexen- 1 - yl)-3-buten-2-one
Lauric
aldehyde, 140, see Aldehyde C-l2 lauric;
0-Ionone, 139, see 0-IrisoneQ 4 (2, 6, 6-TriDodecanal; Lauraldehyde
methyl-l -cyclohexen- l-yl)-3- buten- 2- one
Laurine, 141, see Hydroxycitronellal
Iris florentina L., see Orris, concrete, liquid,
Laurostearic acid, 141, see Lauric acid
oil; Orris root, extract
Laurus nobilis L., see Bay, sweet; Bay, sweet,
Irish moss derivative, see Carrageenan
oil; Laurel berries; Laurel leaves, extract
-Irisone, 140, see a-Ionone
Lauryl acetate, 141, see Acetate C-l2; Acetic acid;
0-Irisone, 1 40, see 0-Ionone
Dodecanyl acetate; Dodecyl acetate
Iron oxides, 50
Lauryl alcohol, 141, see Alcohol C- 12; 1-Dodecanol;
Dodecyl alcohol
Iron (reduced iron, iron powder), see Iron sources
Lauryl sulfate. Sodium, 23
Iron salts, see Iron sources
Lavandin, Oil, 236
Iron sources , 58
Lavandula latifolia Vill., see Lavandin, oil
a-Irone, 140, see 6-Methylionone; 4-(2, 5, 6, 6Tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene- 1 -yl)-3 - buten - 2Lavandula officinalis Chaix, see Lavandin, oil;
one
Lavender; Lavender, absolute; Lavender,
concrete; Lavender, oil
Irradiated ergosterol, see Vitamin
Lavender, 236
Isobutylene-isopyrene copolymer, 265
Lavender, Absolute, 236
Jasmine, Absolute, 234
Lavender, Concrete, 236
Jasmine, Concrete, 234
Lavender, Oil, 236
Jasmine, Oil, 234
Leaf alcohol, 141, see 3-Hexen- l-ol
Jasmine, Spiritus, 234
Jasminum grandiflorum L., see Jasmine, absolute; Lecithin, 10
Jasmine, concrete; Jasmine, oil; Jasmine,
Lecithin (with or without related phosphatides), 23
spiritus
Lecithin,
Hydroxylated, 23
Jasmonyl, 140, see 1 , 3-Nonanediol acetate
Lemon, Extract, 236
(mixed esters)
Lemon, Oil, 237
Juglans nigra L. , see Walnut hull, extract
Lemon, Oil, Terpeneless, 237 , see Cedro, oil
Juglans regia L., see Wainut hull, extract
Lemon-grass, Oil, 237
Juniper, Extract, 234
Lepidine, see 4-Methylquinoline
Juniper, Oil, 234
Leucine (L- and DL- forms), 58
Juniper berries , 235
Isoleucine (L- and DL- forms), 58
Juniperus communis L., see Juniper, extract;
Juniper, oil; Juniper berries
Levulinic acid, 141, see 3-Acetylpropionic acid;
Butyl levulinate; Ethyl levulinate; 4-Oxovaleric
Kadaya, 235, see Karaya, gum
acid
Karaya, Gum, 235, see Indian tragacanth; Katilo;
Levisticum officinale Koch, see Lovage; Lovage,
Kullo; Kuteeral; Mucara; Sterculia
extract; Lovage, oil
Katilo, 235, see Karaya, gum
Licareol, 141, see Linalol
Kautschin, 140, see d-Limonene
Licorice, Extract, 237, see Glycyrrhiza; Glycyr
Kentonarome, 140, see Methylcyclopentenolone
rhiza, extract
Ketone C- 7, 140, see 2-Heptanone
Licorice, Extract powder, 237
Ketone alcohol, 140, see 3-Octanon-l-ol
Licorice root, 237, see Glycyrrhiza
Ketone alcohol ester, 140, see 3-Nonanon- 1 Light green S F yellowish, see FD&C Green No. 2
yl acetate
Lime, see Calcium oxide
2-Ketopropionaldehyde, 140, see Pyruvaldehyde
Lime, Oil, 237
a-Ketopropionic acid, 140, see Pyruvic acid
Lime, Oil, Terpeneless, 238
Kola nut. Extract, 235
d-Limone,
141, see Cajeputene; Cinene; Dipentene;
Krameria argntea Martius (Brazilian), see
Kautschin; d--Mentha- 1 , 8-diene
Rhatany, extract
Linaloe wood, Oil, 238
Krameria, Extract, 235, see Rhatany, extract
Linalol, 142, see Linalool
Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pavan (Peruvian), see
Linalol, 142, see 3 , 7- Dimethyl- 1 , 6-octadienRhatany, extract
3-ol; Licareol; Linalol
Kullo, 235, see Karaya, gum
Linalyl acetate, 142, see Acetic acid; Bergamol
Kuteeral, 235, see Karaya, gum
Linalyl anthranilate, 142
Labdanum, Absolute, 235
Linalyl benzoate, 142, see Benzoic acid
Labdanum, Oil, 235, see Ambreine, oil
Linalyl butyrate, 142, see Butyric acid
Labdanum, Oleoresin, 235
Linalyl isobutyrate, 143, see Isobutyric acid
Lactic acid, 44, 140, see Butyl lactate; Ethyl
Linalyl cinnamate, 143, see Cinnamic acid
lactate
284
Linalyl ester, see Linalyl acetate, Linalyl

anthranilate; Linalyl benzoate; Linalyl buty
rate; Linalyl isobutyrate; Linalyl cinnamate;
Linalyl formate; Linalyl hexanoate; Linalyl
octanoate; Linalyl propionate; Linalyl isovalerate
Linalyl formate, 143
Linalyl hexanoate, 143, see Hexanoic acid
Linalyl octanoate, 143, see Octanoic acid
Linalyl propionate, 143, see Propionic acid
Linalyl isovalerate, 143, see Isovaleric acid
Linden flowers, 238
Linoleic, see Polyethylene glycol ester of
mixed fatty acids from tall oil
Linoleic acid (prepared from edible fats and
oils and free from chick-edema factor), 58
Lippa graveolens HBK., see Oregano
Lippa species, see Oregano
Liquidambar orientalis Mill. , see Storax;
Styrax, extract
Liquidambar styraciflua L . , see Storax;
Styrax, extract
Liver-stomach concentrate (with intrinsic factor
complex), 58
Locust bean gum, see Gum, carob bean
Locust, Gum, 238
Lovage, 238, see Smallage; Smellage
Lovage, Extract, 238, see Smallage, extract;
Smellage, extract
Lovage, Oil, 238, see Smallage, oil; Smellage,
oil
Lysine (L- and DL- forms), 58
1- Lysine monohydrochloride, see Lysine (Land DL- forms)
Mace. 238
Mace, Oil, 239
Mace, Oleoresin, 239
Magnesium carbonate, 44, 265
Magnesium chloride, 266
Magnesium cyclamate, see Cyclamates
Magnesium hydroxide, 44, 266
Magnesium oxide, 44, see Magnesium sources
Magnesium phosphate (dibasic and tribasic), see
Magnesium sources; Phosphorus sources
Magnesium silicate, 269
Magnesium sources, 59, see Magnesium oxide;
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate, 266, see Magnesium sources
Malic acid, 44, see Diethyl malate
1-Malic acid, 144, see Apple acid; ^-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Maltol, 144, see Corps praline; 3-Hydroxy-2methyl- 4-pyrone; 3- Hydroxy- 2 -methyl-ypyrone; Larixinic acid; Palatone
Mandarin, Oil, 239
Manganese chloride, see Manganese sources
Manganese citrate, see Manganese sources
Manganese gluconate, see Manganese sources
Manganese glycerophosphate, see Manganese
sou rces
Manganese hypophosphite, see Manganese sources
Manganese oxide, see Manganese sources
Manganese sources, 59
Manganese sulfate, see Manganese sources
Manganous oxide, see Manganese sources
Mannitol, 266
Marigold, Oil, 239, see Tagetes, oil
Marigold, Pot, 239, see Calendula
Marjoram, Oleoresin, 239
Marjoram, Pot, 239
Marjoram, Seed, 240
Marjoram, Sweet, 239
Marjoram, Sweet, Oil, 239
Menthyl isovalerate, 146, see -Menth-3-yl iso

Majorana hortensia Moench., see Marjoram
valerate; Isovaleric acid; Validol
oleoresin; Marjoram, seed; Marjoram, sweet,
oil; Marjoram, sweet, oil
-Meth-8-(9)-en-2-ol acetate, see Dihydrocarvyl
acetate
Marrubium vulgare L., see Horehound (Hoarhound),
extract
Methanethiol, 146, see Methyl mercaptan
Marshmallow root, 240, see Althea root
Methional, 146, see 2-Methylthiopropionaldehyde
Matricaria chamomilla L., see Chamomile flower, DL-Methionine, 59
Hungarian, oil
-Methiopropionaldehyde, 146, see 2-MethylthioMedicago sativa Lindl., see Alfalfa, extract
propionaldehyde
Melaleuca leucadendron L., see Cajeput, oil
-Methoxyacetophenone, 146, see Acetanisole
Melilot herb, see Yellow melilot
4'-Methoxyacetophenone, 146, see Acetanisol
Melissa, Extract, 240, see Balm leaves, extract
Methoxy- 4 -acetoxypropenyl benzene, see Isoeugenyl
acetate
Melissa officinalis L., see Balm; Balm leaves,
extract; Balm, oil
-Methoxyallylbenzene, 146, see Estragole
Melissa, Oil, 240, see Balm, lemon, oil; Balm,
o-Methoxybenzaldehyde. 146
oil
-Methoxybenzaldehyde, 146, see -Anisaldehyde;
Melonal, 144, see 2, 6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal
Aubepine liquid
-Mentha- 1 , 5-diene, 144, see a-Phellandrene
Methoxybenzene, 146, see Anisole
d--Mentha-1,8-diene, 144, see d-Limonene
-Methoxy benzyl acetate, 146, see Anisyl acetate
-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol, 144, see 1 -Hydroxy-Methoxybenzyl alcohol, 146, see Anisyl alcohol
methyl-4-isopropenyl-l-cyclohexene;
-Methoxybenzyl butyrate, 146, see Anisyl butyrate
Perillyl alcohol
Methoxybenzyl formate, 146, see Anisyl formate
-Mentha-6, 8-dien-2-ol, 144, see Carveol
-Methoxybenzyl propionate, 147, see Anisyl
1 , 8--Menthadien- 7-ol, see -Mentha- 1 , 8- dienpropionate
7-oi
2-Methoxy--cresol, 147, see 2-Methoxy-46, 8<9)--Menthadien-2-one, 144, see Carvone
methyl phenol
3--Menthanol, 144, see Menthol
o-Methoxy methyl benzoate, 147, see Methyl
-Menthan-3-ol, 144, see Menthone
-methoxybenzoate
Mentha piperita L., see Peppermint leaves;
2-Methoxy-4-methyl phenol, 147, see Creosol;
Peppermint, oil
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl- 1-methylbenzene; 2Methoxy--cresol; 4-Methylguaiacol
Mentha pulegium L. var. e riantha (European
and North African), see Pennyroyal, oil
2-Methoxynaphthalene, see 0-Naphthyl methyl
ether
Mentha spicata L., see Spearmint; Spearmint,
extract; Spearmint, oil
o-Methoxyphenol, 147, see Guaiacol
-Menth-1,4(8)-diene, 144, see Terpinolene
0- Methoxy phenyl acetate, see Guaiacyl acetate
-Menth-l-en-8-ol, 144, see a-Terpineol
-Methoxyphenyl acetone, 147, see l-(-Methoxyphenyl)- 2 - propanone
-Menth- 8-en-3-ol, 144, see Isopulegol
4-(-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 147, see Anisyl
1 --Menthen-4-ol, 144, see 4-Carvomenthenol
acetone
8--Menthen-2-ol, 144, see Dihydrocarveol
1-(-Methoxy phenyl) -4 -methyl- l-penten-3 -one,
_-4(8)--Menthen-3-one, 144, see Pulegone
148, see -Methoxystyryl isopropyl ketone
^-8<9)--Menthen-3-one, 144, see Isopulegone
l-(-Methoxyphenyl)-l-penten-3-one, 147. see
Ethone; a-Methyl anisylidene acetone
-Menth- 1 -en-3-one, 144, see d-Piperitone
l-(-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, 147, see
-Menth-4(8)-en-3-one, 145, see Pulegone
Anisic ketone; Anisyl methyl ketone; -Menth-8-en-3-one, 145, see Isopulegone
Methoxyphenyl acetone
-Menth- 1 -en- 8-yl acetate, 145, see Terpinyl
1-Methoxy-4-propenylbenzene, 147, see Anethole
acetate
2- Methoxy-4-propenylphenol, 147, see Isoeugenol
-Menth-l-en-8-yl anthranilate , 145, see
2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenyl acetate, 147, see
Terpinyl anthranilate
Isoeugenyl acetate
-Menth-l-en-8-yl butyrate, 145, see Terpinyl
2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenyl formate, 148, see
butyrate
Isoeugenyl formate
-Menth-l-en-8-yl isobutyrate, 145, see
2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenyl phenylacetate, 148,
Terpinyl isobutyrate
see Isoeugenyl phenylacetate
-Menth-l-en-8-yl cinnamate, 145, see
-Methoxystyryl
isopropyl ketone, 148, see l-(Terpinyl cinnamate
Methoxy phenyl) -4-methyl- l-penten-3 -one
-Menth- 1 -e-8-yl formate, 145, see Terpinyl
-Methoxytoluene. 148, see -Methylanisole
formate
2-Methoxytoluene, 148, see o-Methylanisole
-Menth- 1 -en-8-yl propionate, 145, see Terpinyl
4-Methoxytoluene, 148, see -Methylanisole
propionate
-Menth- 1 -en-8-yl isovalerate, 145, see Terpinyl
2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, 146, see 4-Hydroxy3-methoxy-styrene; -Vinylguaiacol
lsovalerate
-Menth-3-yl acetate, 146, see Menthyl acetate
Methylacetaldehyde, 148, see Propionaldehyde
-Menth-3-yl isovalerate, 146, see Menthyl iso
Methyl acetate, 148, see Acetic acid
valerate
Methylacetic acid, 148, see Propionic acid
Menthol, 145, see Hexahydrothymol; 3--Menthanol; -Methyl acetophenone, 148, see 4'-Methyl
^-Menthol; 5 - Methyl- 2 - isopropyl- cyclohexanol;
acetophenone
5-Methyl-2-isopropyl hexahydrophenol; Pepper
4'-Methyl acetophenone, 148, see -Acetyl
mint camphor
toluene; -Methyl acetophenone; 1-Methyl^-Menthol, 145. see Menthol
4-acetyl benzene; Methyl -tolyl ketone
(d) -neo-Menthol, 145, see 2-lsobutyl-5-methyl
1-Methyl-4-acetyl benzene, 148, see 4'-Methyl
cyclohexanol
acetophenone
Menthone, 145, see -Menthan-3-ol
2-Methylallyl butyrate, 148, see 2-Methyl-2Menthyl acetate, 145, see Acetic acid; -Menth-3-yl
propen-l-yl butyrate
acetate
Methyl 2-aminobenzoate, 149, see Methyl
Menthyl ester, see Menthyl acetate, Menthyl iso
anthranilate
valerate
2-Methylamino methylbenzoate, 149, see Methyl
N -methylanthranilate
285
Methylamylacetic acid, 149, see 2-Methylheptanoic

acid
Methyl amyl ketone, 149, see 2-Heptanone
Methyl anisate, 149
o-Methylanisole, 149, see o-Cresyl methyl ether;
2-Methoxytoluene; Methyl o-tolyl ether
-Methylanisole, 149, see -Cresyl methyl ether;
-Methoxytoluene; 4-Methoxytoiuene
a- Methyl anisylidene acetone, 149, see l-(Methoxyphenyl)- l-penten-3 -one
Methylanthranilate, 149, see o-Aminomethyl
benzoate; Methyl 2-aminobenozate
Methyl benzoate, 149, see Benzoic acid; Oil of Niobe
Methylbenzyl acetate, 150
a-Methylbenzyl acetate, 150, see Acetic acid;
Gardenol; Styralyl acetate; Styralyl alcohol;
Styrolene acetate
-Methylbenzyl acetone, 150, see Methyl phenylcarbinyl acetate; 4-(-Tolyl)-2-butanone
a-Methylbenzyl alcohol, 150, see Methyl phenylcarbinol; 1-Phenylethanol; a-Phenylethyl alcohol
a-Methylbenzyl butyrate, 150, see Butyric acid;
Methyl phenylcarbinyl butyrate; Styralyl butyrate
a-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate, 150, see Methyl
phenylcarbinyl isobutyrate; Styralyl isobutyrate
a-Methylbenzyl ester, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate;
a-Methylbenzyl butyrate; a-Methylbenzyl formate;
a-Methylbenzyl propionate
a-Methylbenzyl formate, 150, see Methyl phenyl
carbinyl formate; Styralyl formate
a-Methylbenzyl propionate, 150, see Methyl
phenylcarbinyl propionate; Propionic acid;
Styralyl propionate
2-Methylbutanal, 151. see 2-Methylbutyraldehyde
3-Methylbutanal, 151, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
3-Methyl-l-butanol, 151, see Isoamyl alcohol
Methyl isobutylacetate, 151
0-Methyl butyl acetate, 151, see Isoamyl acetate
(common)
Methyl isobutyl ketone, 151
Methyl p-ter - butylphenylacetate , 151
2-Methylbutyraldehyde, 151, see 2-Methylbutanal;
Methyl ethyl acetaldehyde
3-Methylbutyraldehyde, 151, see Isoamyl aldehyde;
3-Methylbutanal; Isopentaldehyde; lsovaleral;
Isovaleraldehyde; Isovaleric aldehyde
Methyl butyrate, 151, see Butyric acid
Methyl isobutyrate, 151, see Isobutyric acid
0-Methylbutyric acid, 152, see Isovaleric acid
2- Methylbutyric acid, 152
3-Methylbutyrolactone, 152, see y-Valeractone
Methyl isocaproate, 152
Methylcatechol, 152, see Guaiacol
Methylcellulose, 32
Methyl chavicol, 152, see Estragole
a-Methylcinnamaldehyde, 152
Methyl cinnamate, 152, see Cinnamic acid
6-Methylcourmarin, 152
3-Methylcyclopentane-1,2-dione, 152, see
Methylcyclopentenolone
Methylcyclopentenolone, 152, see Cyclotene;
Kentonarome; 3-Methylcyclopentane- 1 , 2 dione
Methyl decyne carbonate, 152, see Methyl
2-undecynoate
Methyl disulfide, 152
Methyl dodecanoate, 153, see Methyl laurate
3, 4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, 153, see
Piperonal
4 -(3 , 4 -Methylenedioxypheny1) - 2 -butanone ,
153, see Piperonyl acetone
Methyl ester, see Methyl acetate; Methyl anisate;
Methyl anthranilate; Methyl benzoate; Methyl
p-ter-butylphenylacetic acid; Methyl butyrate;
Methyl isobutyrate; Methyl cinnamate; Methyl
2-furoate; Methyl heptanoate; Methyl hexanoate; Methyl 2-hexanoate; Methyl laurate;
Methyl ester (cont'd): Methyl 2-methylthiopropionate; Methyl 4-methylvalerate; Methyl

myristate; Methyl nonanoate; Methyl 2nonynoate; Methyl octanoate; Methyl phenylacetate; Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate; Methyl 3phenylpropionate; Methyl propionate; Methyl
salicylate; Methyl 9 -undecenoate; Methyl
valerate; Methyl isovalerate
Methyl ester of hydrogenated rosin, see Rosins
Methyl ethyl acetaldehyde, 153, see 2-Methylbutyraldehyde
Methyl ethyl cellulose, 32
Methyl ethyl ketone, 153, see 2-Butanone
Methyl eugenol, 153, see Eugenyl methyl ether
Methyl isoeugenyl, 153, see Isoeugenyl methyl
ether
5- Methylfurfural, 153
Methyl 2-furoate, 153, see Methyl pyromucate
a-Methyl furylacrolein, 153, see 2-Methyl-3furylacrolein
2-Methyl-3-furylacrolein, 153, see a-Methyl
furylacrolein
Methyl glucoside of fatty acids of edible coconut
oil, 23, 266
4-Methylguaiacol, 153, see 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol
2-Methylhendecanal, 153, see 2-Methylundecanal
Methyl heptanoate, 153
2-Methylheptanoic acid, 154, see Methylamylacetic
acid; 2-Methyloenanthic acid
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 154
Methyl heptine carbonate, 154, see Methyl 2octynoate
Methyl heptyl ketone, 154, see 2-Nonanone
Methyl hexanoate, 154, see Hexanoic acid
Methyl 2-hexenoate, 154
Methyl hexyl acetaldehyde, 154, see 2-Methyloctanal
Methyl hexyl carbinol, 154, see 2-Octanol
Methyl hexyl ketone, 154, see 2-Octanone
-Methylhydratropaldehyde, 154, see 2-(-Tolyl)
propionaldehyde
Methyl hydrocinnamate, 154, see Methyl 3-phenylpropionate
Methyl--hydroxy-benzoate, 3
0-Methylindole, 154, see Skatole
3-Methylindole, 154, see Skatole
Methyl a- ionone, 155, seea-Cetone; RaIdcine,
Methyl -ionone, 155, see 0-Cetone; Raldeine$$
5-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-l-cyclohexen-l-yl)-4penten-3-one
Methyl 2- ionone (so-called), 155, see a-Isomethylionone
Methyl - ionone, 155, see 5-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-3cyclohexen- 1 -yl)-4-penten-3-one
6- Methylionone, 155, see a-Irone
a-Isomethylionone, 155, see Methyl y-ionone (socalled); 4-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)3 -methyl-3 - buten- 2 -one
Methyl lau rate, 155, see Dodecanoic acid; Methyl
dodecanoate
Methyl mercaptan, 155, sec Methanethiol
Methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, 155, see 2-Methy1thiopropionaldehyde
Methyl 2-nonenoate, see Neofolione
Methyl -methiopropionate, 155, see Methyl
2 - methylthiopropionate
Methyl o-methoxybenzoate, 156, see o-Methoxy
methyl benzoate
Methyl N-methylanthranilate, 156, see Dimethyl
anthranilate; 2-Methylamino methylbenzoate
Methyl 2-methylbutyrate, 156
7- Methyl-3-methylene- 1 , 6-octadiene, 156, see
Myrcene
Methyl 0-methyl mercaptopropionate , 156, see
Methyl 2-methylthiapropionate
Methyl 4-methylpentanoate, 56, see Methyl 4methylvalerate

Methyl 2-methylthiopropionate, 156, see Methyl
-methiopropionate; Methyls-methyl mer
captopropionate
Methyl 4-methylvalerate, 156, see Methyl isobutylacetate; Methyl isocaproate; Methyl 4methylpentanoate
Methyl myristate, 156, see Methyl tetradecanoate;
Tetradecanoic acid
Methyl naphthalene sulfonate. Sodium, 23
Methyl 0-naphthyl ketone, 157, see 2'-Acetonaphthone; Cetone D; Oranger crystals
Methyl nonanoate, 157, see Nonanoic acid
Methyl 2-nonenoate, 157
Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, 157, see 2-Methyl
undecanal
Methyl nonyl ketone, 157
Methyl 2-nonynoate, 157, see Methyl octyne
carbonate
2-Methyloctanal, 157, see Methyl hexyl acetalde
hyde
Methyl octanoate, 157, see Octanoic acid
Methyl octyne carbonate, 157, see Methyl 2nonynoate
Methyl 2-octynoate, 157, see Methyl heptine
carbonate
2-Methyloenanthic acid, 158, see 2-Methyl
heptanoic acid
Methylol methyl amyl ketone, 158, see 3Octanon-l -ol
Methylol methyl hexyl ketone acetate, 158, see
3- Nonanon-l-yl acetate
4-Methyl-2,3-pentanedione, 158, see Acetyl
isobutyryl
2-Methylpentanoic acid, 158
4-Methylpentanoic acid, see Methyl 4-methyl
valerate; Methylvaleric acid
4-Methyl-2-pentanone, 158, see Methyl isobutyl
ketone
0-Methylphenethyl alcohol, 158, see Hydratropyl
alcohol; 2-Phenyl-l-propanol
0-Methylphenethyl butyrate, 158, see 2-Phenylpropyl butyrate
a-Methyl phenylacetaldehyde, 158, see 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde
-Methylphenylacetaldehyde, 158, see-Tolylacetaldehyde
Methyl phenylacetate, 158, see Methyl - toluate;
Phenylacetic acid
3- Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one, 158, see
Benzylidene acetone methyl
2-Methyl-4-phenyi-2-butyl acetate, 159, see Acetic
acid; Dimethyl phenethyl carbinyl acetate
2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl ester, see 2-Methyl4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate; 2-Methyl-4-phenyl2-butyl isobutyrate
2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate, 159, see
Isobutyric acid; Dimethyl phenethyl carbinyl
isobutyrate
2-Methyl-4-phenylbutyraldehyde, 159
3-Methyl-2-phenylbutyraldehyde, 159, see fl-Isopropyl phenylacetaldehyde
Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate, 159
Methyl phenylcarbinol, 159, see a-Methylbenzyl
alcohol
Methyl phenylcarbinyl acetate, 159, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate
Methyl phenylcarbinyl butyrate, 159, see a-Methylbenzyl butyrate
Methyl phenylcarbinyl isobutyrate, 159, see
a-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate
Methyl phenylcarbinyl formate, 159, see a-Methylbenzyl formate
Methyl phenylcarbinyl propionate, 159, see
a-Methylbenzyl propionate
4-Methyl- 2 - phenyl- m -dioxolane , 159, see
Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal
Methylphenyl ether, 159, see Anisole
286
Methyl phenyl ketone, 159, see Acetophenone

4-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-pentanol, 159, see a-lsobutylphenethyl alcohol
4-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-pentanone, 160, see Benzyl
isobutyl ketone
Methyl 3-phenylpropionate, 160, see Methyl hydro
cinnamate; 3 - Phenylpropionic acid
2-Methyl propanal, 160, see Isobutyraldehyde
2-Methyl propanoic acid, 160, see Isobutyric acid
2-Methyl-2-propen-l-yl butyrate, 160, see 2Methylallyl butyrate
2-Methyl- 2 -propen- 1 -yl ester, see Butyric acid
Methyl- 4- isopropenyl-cyclohexan-2-ol acetate,
see Dihydrocarvyl acetate
6-Methyl-3-isopropenyl-cyclohexanol, 160, see
Dihydrocarveo1
1- Methyl-4-isopropenyl-3-cyclohexanone, 160,
see Isopulegone
Methyl propionate, 160, see Propionic acid
2-Methyl-5-isopropyl-l ,3-cyclohexadiene, 160,
see a-Phellandrene
5-Methyl-2-isopropyl cyclohexanol, 160, see
Menthol
1 -Methyl- 4-isopropyl- l-cyclohexene-4-ol, 160,
see 4-Carvomenthenol
l-Methyl-4-isopropyl-l-cyclohexen-3-one, 160,
see d-Piperitone
3 -Me thyl- 5-propyl- cyclohex- 2 - enone , 1 60
5-Methyl-2-isopropyl hexahydrophenol, 160, see
Menthol
a-Methyl--isopropyl hydrocinnamaldehyde, 160,
see 2-Methyl-3-(j>-isopropylphenyl) propion
aldehyde
1 -Methyl- 4- isopropylidene-3-cyclohexanone, 160,
see Pulegone
Methyl propyl ketone, 160, see 2-Pentanone
2-Methyl-5-isopropylphenol, 161, see Carvacrol
5-Methyl-2-isopropylphenol, 161, see Thymol
2-Methyl-3-(-isopropylphenyl) butanal, 161, see
Cyclamai
2-Methyl- 3 -(o- isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde ,
161, see Cyclamen aldehyde; a-Methyl- d-isopropyl hydrocinnamaldehyde; 2 -Methyl- 3-(isopropylphenyl) butanal; a- Methyl--isopropyl
phenylpropyl aldehyde; Violet alpine, oil
a-Methyl-o-isopropyl phenylpropyl aldehyde, 161,
see 2-Memyl-3-(D- isopropylphenyl) propion
aldehyde
Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde, 161, see Vanillin
Methyl pyromucate, 161, see Methyl 2-furoate
4-Methylquinoline, 161
-Methylquinoline, see 4-Methylquinoline
Methyl salicylate, 161
Methyl styryl carbinol, 161, see 4-Phenyl-3buten-2-ol
Methyl styryl ketone, 161, see 4- Phenyl- 3- buten2-one
Methyl sulfate, Sodium, 23, 34
Methyl sulfide, 161, see Dimethyl sulfide
Methyl tetradecanoate, 161, see Methyl myristate
Methyltheobromine, 161, see Caffeine
2-Methylthiopropionaldehyde, 162, see Methional;
0-Methiopropionaldehyde; Methylmercapto
propionaldehyde
a-Methyl tolualdehyde, 162, see 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde
Methyl a- toluate, 162, see Methyl phenylacetate
Methyl o-tolyl ether, 162, see o- Methylanisole
Methyl o-tolyl ketone, 162, see 4' -Methyl aceto
phenone
2-Methyl-3-tolyl propionaldehyde. Mixed o-, m-,
-, 162
2-Methylundecanal, 162, see Aldehyde C-l2MNA;
2-Methylhendecanal; Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde
Methyl 9-undecenoate, 162
Methyl 2-undecynoate, 162, see Methyl decyne
carbonate
Methyl valerate, 162, see Valeric acid

Methyl isovalerate, 162, see Isovaleric acid
Methylvaleric acid, 163
2-Methylvaleric acid, see 2-Methylpentanoic acid
Mexican organo, 240, see Oregano
Mexican sage, 240, see Oregano
Milfoil, 240, see Yarrow, herb
Mimosa, Absolute, 240
Mineral oil, 23, 266
Molybdenum sesquioxide, see Molybdenum sources
Molybdenum sources, 59
Molybdenum trixido, see Molybdenum sources
Monarda species, see Horsemint leaves, extract
Monosodium glutamate, 163
Morellone, 163, see 3- Benzyl- 4-heptanone
Morpholine, 266
Morpholine salt of fatty acids, 266
Moschus moschiferus L., see Musk tonquin
Mountain maple. Extract solid, 240
Mucara, 240, see Karaya, gum
Musk ambreite, 163, 240, see 2, 6-Dinitro-3methoxy- 1 -methyl- 4-tert-butylbenzene;
Flavoring Agents, Sub-Group A
Musk ketone, 163
Musk tonquin, 240
Mustard, Black, 240, see Mustard, brown
Mustard, Brown, 240, see Mustard, black
Mustard, White, 241, see Mustard, yellow
Mustard, Yellow, 241, see Mustard, white
Mustard oil, 163
Myrcene, 163, see 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6octadiene
Myrcia, Oil, 241, see Bay loaves, West Indian,
oil
Myristaldehyde, 164, see Aldehyde C- 14
(myristic); Tetradecanal; Tetradecyl aldehyde
Myrlstic acid, 164, see Fatty acids; Tetradecanoic acid
Myriatica fragrans Houtt., see Mace; Mace, oil;
Mace, oleoresin; Nutmeg; Nutmeg, oil
Myroxylon balsamum L . , Harms . , see Tolu ,
balsam, extract; Tolu, balsam, gum
Myroxylon pereire Klotzach, see Balsam, Peru;
Balsam, Peru, oil
Myroxylon toluiferum HBK., see Tolu, balsam,
extract; Tolu, balsam, gum
Myrrh, Gum, 241
Myrrh, Oil, 241
3- Naphthyl anthranilate, 164, see 2-Naphthyl
anthranilate
2-Naphthyl anthranilate, 164, see 0-Naphthyl
anthranilate
g-Naphthyl ethyl ether, 164, see 2-Ethoxynaphthalene; Ethyl 2-naphthyl ether; Nerolin;
Neroline
-Naphthyl methyl ether, 164
Naringen, Extract, 241
Neofolione, 164
Nerol, 164, cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol;
Nerosol
Neroli bigarde, Oil, 241, see Orange flowers,
bitter, oil
Nerolidol, 165, see Peruviol; 3, 7-l1-Trlmethyl1,6, 10-dodecatrien-3-ol
Nerolin, 165, see -Naphthyl ethyl ether
Neroline, 165, see 0-Naphthyl ethyl ether
Nerosol, 165, see Nerol
Neryl acetate, 165, see Acetic acid
Neryl butyrate, 165, see Butyric acid
Neryl isobutyrate, 165, see Isobutyric acid
Neryl ester, see Neryl acetate; Neryl butyrate;
Neryl isobutyrate; Neryl formate; Neryl
propionate; Neryl isovalerate
Neryl formate, 165

Neryl propionate, 165, see Propionic acid
Neryl isovalerate, 165, see Isovaleric acid
Niacin, 59
Niacinamide, 59, see Aluminum nicotinate
Nickel, 266
Nickel sulfate, 59
Nicotinamide, see Niacinamide
Nicotinic acid, see Niacin
Nicotinic amide, see Niacinamide
N igelia sativa L., see Caraway, black; Cumin,
black
Nipasol, 166, see Propyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Niter, see Nitrate, potassium
Nitrate, Potassium, 266
Nitrate, Sodium, 266
Nitrite, Potassium, 266
Nitrite, Sodium, 266
Nitrogen, 267
Nitrogen oxides, 37
Nitrous oxide, 267
Nitrosyl chloride, 37
y-Nonalactone, 166, see Aldehyde C- 18 (so-called);
y-Amyl butyrolactone; Coconut aldehyde; 4Hydroxynonanoic acid, ^-lactone; Prunolide
Nonalol, 166
Nonanal, 166, see Aldehyde C-9; Pelargonaldehyde;
Pelargonlc aldehyde
1,3-Nonanediol acetate (mixed esters), 166, see
Acetic acid; Diasmol; Hexylene glycol diacetate;
Jasmonyl; Octyl crotonyl acetate
1 , 3-Nonanediol mixed esters, see 1,3-Nonanediol
Nonanoic acid, 166, see Allyl nonanoate; Isoamyl
nonanoate; Ethyl nonanote; Methyl nonanoate;
Nonoic acid; Nonylic acid; Pelargonic acid
Nonanol isovalerate, 166, see Nonyl isovalerate
1- Nonanol, 166
2- Nonanone, 167, see Methyl heptyl ketone
3- Nonanon-l-yl acetate, 167, see Acetic acid;
Ketone alcohol ester; Methylol methyl hexyl
ketone acetate
Nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide, 167,
see 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyinonamide; NNonanoyl vanillylamide; Pelargonyl vanillylsmide
Nonanoyl vanillylamide, see Nonanoyl 4-hydroxy3-methoxybenzylamide
N-Nonanoyl vanillylamide, 167, see Nonanoyl
4- hyd roxy-3 - methoxybenzylamide
Nonate, 167, see Isoamyl nonanoate
2-Nonenoic acid, see Methyl 2-nonenoate
Nonoic acid, 167, see Nonanoic acid
Nonyl acetate, 167, see Acetate C-9
Nonyl alcohol, 167, see Alcohol C-9; Nonalol; 1Nonanol
Nonycarbinol, 167, see 1-Decanol
Nonyl ester, see Nonyl acetate; Nonyl octanoate;
Nonyl isovalerate
Nonylic acid, 167, see Nonanoic acid
Nonyl octanoate, 167, see Octanoic acid
Nonyl isovalerate, 167, see Nonanol isovalerate;
Isovaleric acid
Nopinene, 166, see 0-Pinene
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 10
Novatone, 166, see Acetanisole
Nutmeg, 241
Nutmeg, Oil, 241
Oak chips, Extract, 242
Oak moss, Absolute, 242
Oat gum, 11, 34
Ocimum basillcum L., see Basil; Basil, oil;
Basil, oleoresin
287
Octadecanoic acid, 168, see Butyl stearate;

Stearic acid
9-Octadecenoic acid, 168, see Oleic acid
Octafluorocyclobutane, 267
y-Octalactone, 168, see 4-Hydroxyoctanoic
acid, ^-lactone
Octanal, 168, see Aldehyde -8; Caprylaldehyde;
Caprylic aldehyde; Octylaldehyde
Octanal dimethyl acetal, 168, see 1, 1-Dimethoxyoctane; C-8 Dimethylacetal
Octanoic acid, 168, see Allyl octanoate; Amyl
octanoate; Isoamyl octanoate; Caprylic acid;
Ethyl octanoate; Heptyl octanoate; Hexyl
octanoate; Linalyl octanoate; Methyl octanoate;
Nonyl octanoate; Octoic acid; Octyl octanoate
l -Octanol, 168, see Alcohol C-8; Capryl alcohol;
Caprylic alcohol; Heptyl carbinol; Octyl alcohol;
prl-Octyl alcohol
2-Octanol, 169, see Capryl alcohol (secondary);
Methyl hexyl carbinol; Octyl alcohol (secondary)
2 -Octanone, 169, see Methyl hexyl ketone
3-Octanone , 169, see Ethyl amyl ketone
3-Octanon-l-ol, 169, see Ketone alcohol; Methylol
methyl amyl ketone
l-Octen-3-ol, 169, see Amyl vinyl carbinol
1-Octenyl succinic anhydride, 37
Octoic acid, 169, see Octanoic acid
Octyl acetate, 169, see Acetate C-8; Acetic acid;
2 -Ethyl hexyl acetate
Octyl alcohol, 169, see 1 -Octanol
Octyl alcohol (secondary), 169, see 2-Octanol
pri-Octyl alcohol, 169, see 1-Octanol
Octylaldehyde, 170, see Octanal
Octyl butyrate, 170, see Butyric acid
Octyl isobutyrate, 170, see Isobutyric acid
y-Octyl-2-butyrolactone, 170, see -Qodecalactone
Octyl crotonyl acetate, 170, see 1,3-Nonanediol
Octyl ester, see Octyl acetate; Octyl butyrate;
Octyl isobutyrate; Octyl formate; Octyl heptanoate; Octyl octanoate; Octyl phenylacetate;
Octyl propionate; Octyl isovalerate
Octyl formate, 170
Octyl heptanoate, 170
Octyl octanoate, 170, see Octanoic acid
Octyl phenylacetate, 170, see Phenylacetic acid
Octyl propionate, 170, see Propionic acid
Octyl isovalerate, 171, see Isovaleric acid
Oil of Niobe, 171, see Methyl benzoate
Oleic acid, 23, 171, 267, see Ethyl oleate; Fatty
acids; 9-Octadecenoic acid; Oleinic acid; Poly
ethylene glycol ester of mixed fatty acids from
tall oil
Oleinic acid, 171, see Oleic acid
Olibanum, Oil, 242, see Frankincense
Onion, Oil, 242
Optai, 171, see Propyl alcohol
Orange, Oil, Distilled, 242
Orange, Oil, Terpeneless, 242
Orange blossoms, Absolute, 242
Orange flowers, 243
Orange flowers, Bitter, Oil, 243, see Neroli
bigarde, oil
Orange leaf. Absolute, 243
Orange peel, Bitter, Oil, 243
Orange peel, Sweet, Extract, 243
Orange peel, Sweet, Oil, 243
Orange pee1, Sweet, Oil, Terpeneless, 243
Oranger crystals, 171, see Methyl -naphthyl
ketone
Orchidee, 171, see Isoamyl salicylate
Oregano, 243, see Mexican oregano; Mexican
sage; Oreganum; Origan
Oreganum, 244, see Oregano
Origan, 244, see Oregano
Origanol, 171, see 4-Carvomenthenol

Origanum dictamnus L . , see Dittany of Crete
Origanum, Oil (Extractive), 244, see Spanish
origanum
Origanum majorana L. , see Marjoram, oleoresin;
Marjoram seed; Marjoram, sweet; Marjoram,
sweet, oil
Origanum species, see Oregano
Origanum vulgare L., see Marjoram, pot; Marj
oram seed; Marjoram, sweet; Marjoram,
sweet, oil
Orris, Concrete, Liquid, Oil, 244, see Orris root,
extract
Orris root. Extract, 244, see White flag, extract
Ox bile extract, 23
Oxides of nitrogen, see Nitrogen oxides
Oxidized tallow, 26
2-Oxopropanal, 171, see Pyruvaldehyde
2-Oxopropanoic acid, 171, see Pyruvic acid
Oxystearin, 16, 23, 267
Oxytetracycline, 4
4-Oxovaleric acid, 171, see Levulinic acid
Palatone, 171, see Maltol
Pale catechu, 244, see Catechu, powder
Palma Christi, Oil, 244, see Castor, oil
Palma Rosa, Oil, 244
Palmitic acid, 171, see Cetylic acid; Fatty acids;
Hexadecanoic acid; Hexadecylic acid
d-Pantothenamide, 59
Pantothenate, Calcium, 59
Pantothenate, Sodium, see Pantothenate, calcium
d-Pantothenyl alcohol, see Pantothenate, calcium
Papain, 267
Papaver somniferum L . , see Poppy seed
Paprika, 244
Paprika, Oleoresin, 244
Paprika and paprika oleoresin, 50
Paraffin, Wax, and Microcrystalline, 27
Parsley, 245
Parsley, Oil, 245
Parsley, Oleoresin, 245
Patchouly, Oil, 245
Paullinia cupana HBK. , see Guarana, gum
Peach aldehyde, 171, see y-Undecalactone
Pectin, 34
Pectin, Low methoxyl, see Pectin
Pectinate, Sodium, see Pectin
Pegu catechu. Extract, 245, see Catechu, extract
Pelargonaldehyde, 171, see Nonanal
Pelargonlc acid, 171, see Nonanoic acid
Pelargonlc aldehyde, 171, see Nonanal
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her., see Geranium,
rose, oil
Pelargonyl vanillylamide, 171, see Nonanoyl 4hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide
Pennyroyal, Oil, 245, see Hedeoma, oil
w-Pentadecalactone, 171, see Angelica lactone;
Cyclopentadecanolide; Exaltolide; 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, w-lactone; 14-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid; Pentadecanolide; Thibetolide
Pentadecanolide, 172, see w-Pentadecalactone
Isopentaldehyde, 172, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
Pentanal, 172, see Valeraldehyde
2,3-Pentanedione, 172, see Acetyl propionyl
Pentanoic acid, 172, see Valeric acid
1-Pentanol, 172, see Amyl alcohol
2- Pentanone, 172, see Ethyl acetone; Methyl
propyl ketone
4-Pentenoic acid, 172, see Allyl acetic acid
Pentyl alcohol, 172, see Amyl alcohol
Isopentyl alcohol, 172, see Isoamyl alcohol
Isopentyl benzoate, 172, see Isoamyl benzoate
Pentyl butyrate, 172, see Amyl butyrate

Isopentyl butyrate, 172, see Isoamyl butyrate
a-Pentylcinnamaldehyde, 172, see a-Amylcinnamaldehyde
Isopentyl cinnamate, 172, see Isoamyl cinnamate
a-Pentylcinnamyl acetate, 172, see a-Amylcinnamyl acetate
a- Pentylcinnamyl alcohol, 172, see or-Amylcinnamyl alcohol
a- Pentylcinnamyl alcohol buxinol, 172, see
a- Amylcinnamyl alcohol
a-Pentylcinnamyl formate, 172, see a-Amylcinnamyl
formate
a-Pentylcinnamyl isovalerate, 173, see a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate
Pentyl formate, 173, see Amyl formate
Isopentyl formate, 173, see Isoamyl formate
Isopentyl 2-furanbutyrate, 173, see Isoamyl
2-furanbutyrate
Isopentyl 2-furanpropionate, 173, see Isoamyl
2-furanpropionate
Pentyl 2-furoate, 173, see Amyl 2-furoate
Pentyl heptanoate, 173, see Amyl heptanoate
Pentyl hexanoate, 173, see Amyl hexanoate
Isopentyl hexanoate, 173, see Isoamyl hexanoate
Isopentyl laurate, 173, see Isoamyl laurate
Isopentyl nonanoate, 173, see Isoamyl nonanoate
Pentyl octanoate, 173, see Amyl octanoate
Isopentyl octanoate, 173, see Isoamyl octanoate
Isopentyl phenylacetate, 173, see Isoamyl
phenylacetate
Isopentyl propionate, 173, see Isoamyl propionate
Isopentyl pyruvate, 173, see Isoamyl pyruvate
Isopentyl salicylate, 173, see Isoamyl salicylate
Isopentyl isovalerate, 173, see Isoamyl isovalerate
Pepital, 173, see Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl
acetal
Pepper, Black, 245
Pepper, Black, Oil, 245
Pepper, Black, Oleoresin, 246
Pepper, Red, 246
Pepper, White, 246
Pepper, White, Oil, 246
Pepper, White, Oleoresin, 246
Peppermint camphor, 173, see Menthol
Peppermint leaves, 246
Peppermint, Oil, 246
Pepper tree. Oil, 246, see Schinus molle, oil
Peptones, 34
Peracetic acid, 37
Perillyl alcohol, 173, see -Mentha-1,8-dien7-ol
Permanganate, Potassium, 37
Peroxide, Benzoyl, 37
Peroxide, Calcium, 37
Peroxide, Hydrogen, 4, 37
Peroxyacetic acid, see Peracetic acid
Persic, Oil, 246, see Apricot kernel, oil
Peruviol, 173, see Nerolidol
Petitgrain, Lemon, Oil, 246
Petitgrain, Mandarin, Oil, 247
Petitgrain, Oil, 247
Petrohol, 173, see Isopropyl alcohol
Petrolatum, 267
Petrolatum NF and USP, 23
Petroleum hydrocarbons, 23
Petroleum waxes, 23
Petroselinum crisum (Miller) Nyman, see
Parsley; Parsley, oil; Parsley, oleoresin
Petroselinum sativum Hoffm . , see Parsley;
Parsley, oil; Parsley, oleoresin
288
Peucedanum graveolens Benth . , see Dill seed,

Indian
a-Phellandrene, 173, see -Mentha-l , 5-diene;
2 -Methyl- 5- isopropyl- 1 , 3-cyclohexadiene
Phenethyl acetate, 173, see Acetic acid; Benzyl
carbinyl acetate; 2-Phenylethyl acetate
Phenethyl alcohol, 174, see Benzyl carbinol;
- Phenylethyl alcohol; 2-Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenethyl anthranilate, 174, see 2-Phenylethyl
anthranilate
Phenethyl benzoate, 174, see Benzoic acid; 2Phenylethyl benzoate
Phenethyl butyrate, 174, see Butyric acid; 2Phenylethyl butyrate
Phenethyl isobutyrate, 174, see Isobutyric acid;
2-Phenylethyl isobutyrate
Phenethyl cinnamate, 174, see Cinnamic acid;
2-Phenylethyl cinnamate
Phenethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, 174, see
Phenethyl senecioate
Phenethyl ester, see Phenethyl acetate; Phenethyl
anthranilate; Phenethyl benzoate; Phenethyl
butyrate; Phenethyl isobutyrate; Phenethyl cin
namate; Phenethyl formate; Phenethyl 2-furoate;
Phenethyl phenylacetate; Phenethyl propionate:
Phenethyl salicylate; Phenethyl tiglate; Phen
ethyl isovalerate
Phenethyl formate, 175, see 2-Phenylethyl formate
Phenethyl 2-furoate, 175, see 2-Phenylethyl 2furoate
Phenethyl 3-methylbutyrate, 175, see Phenethyl
isovalerate
Phenethyl 3-methylcrotonate, 175, see Phenethyl
senecioate
Phenethyl phenylacetate, 175, see Phenylacetic acid;
2-Phenylethyl phenylacetate
Phenethyl propionate, 175, see 2-Phenylethyl
Phenethyl salicylate, 175, see 2-Phenylethyl
salicylate
Phenethyl senecioate, 175, see Phenethyl 3,3dimethylacrylate; Phenethyl 3-methylcroto
nate; 2-Phenylethyl senecioate
Phenethyl tiglate, 175, see 2-Phenylethyl tiglate
Phenethyl isovalerate, 176, see Phenethyl 3methylbutyrate; 2-Phenylethyl isovalerate;
Isovaleric acid
Phenoxyacetic acid, 176, see Allyl phenoxyacetate; O-Phenylglycolic acid; Phenoxyethanoic acid; Phenylium
Phenoxyethanoic acid, 176, see Phenoxyacetic
acid
2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, 176, see Isobutyric acid
2-Phenoxyethyl ester, see 2-Phenoxyethyl iso
butyrate
Phenylacetaldehyde, 176, see -Tolualdehyde;
a-Toluic aldehyde
Phenylacetaldehyde 2,3-butylene glycol acetal, 176
Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, 176
Phenylacetaldehyde glyceryl acetal, 176
Phenylacetic acid, 177, see Allyl phenylacetate;
Isoamyl phenylacetate; Benzyl phenylacetate;
Butyl phenylacetate; Isobutyl phenylacetate;
Cinnamyl phenylacetate; Citronellyl phenyl
acetate; Ethyl phenylacetate; Isoeugenyl phenyl
acetate; Geranyl phenylacetate; Guaiacyl
phenylacetate; Hyacinthin; Methyl phenyl
acetate; Octyl phenylacetate; Phenethyl phenyl
acetate; Propyl phenylacetate; Isopropyl
phenylacetate; Rhodinyl phenylacetate; Santalyl
phenylacetate; a-Toluic acid
Phenylacrolein, 177, see Cinnamaldehyde
-Phenylacrylic acid, 177, see Cinnamic acid
Phenylalanine (L- and DL- forms), 59
y-Phenylallyl alcohol, 177, see Cinnamyl alcohol
Phenylallyl cinnamate, 177, see Cinnamyl cinnamate
y-Phenylallyl propionate, 177, see Cinnamyl
propionate
4-Fhenyl-2-butanol, 177, see Phenylethyl methyl
carbinol
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol, 177, see Methyl styryl
carbinol
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one, 177, see Benzilidene

acetone; Benzylacetone; Methyl etyryl ketone
4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate, 177, see Acetic acid
4-Phenyl-2-butyl ester, see 4-Phenyl-2-butyl
acetate; Phenylethyl methyl carbinyl acetate
4-Phenylbutyric acid, see Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate;
Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate
2-Phenyl-m-dioxan-5-ol, 177, see Benzaldehyde
glyceryl acetal
Phenyl carbinol, 177, see Benzyl alcohol
Phenyl dimethyl carbinyl isobutyrate, 177, see
a.a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate
1-Phenylethanol, 178, see a-Methylbenzyl alcohol
2- Phenylethyl acetate, 178, see Phenethyl acetate
a- Phenylethyl alcohol, 178, see a-Methylbenzyl
alcohol
- Phenylethyl alcohol, 178, see Phenethyl alcohol
2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 178, see Phenethyl alcohol
2-Phenylethyl anthranilate, 178, see Phenethyl
anthranilate
2-Phenylethyl benzoate, 178, see Phenethyl benzoate
2-Phenylethyl butyrate, 178, see Phenethyl butyrate
2-Phenylethyl isobutyrate, 178, see Phenethyl
isobutyrate
Phenyl ethyl carbinol, 178, see 1- Phenyl- 1- propanol
2-Phenylethyl cinnamate, 178, see Phenethyl
cinnamate
2-Phenylethyl formate, 178, see Phenethyl formate
2-Phenylethyl 2-furoate, 178, see Phenethyl
2-furoate
Phenylethyl methyl carbinol, 178, see 4-Phenyl2-butanol
Phenylethyl methyl carbinyl acetate, 178
Phenylethyl methyl ethyl carbinol, 178, see
1 - Phenyl- 3 -methyl- 3 - pentanol
2-Phenylethyl phenylacetate, 178, see Phenethyl
phenylacetate
2-Phenylethyl propionate, 178, see Phenethyl
propionate
2-Phenylethyl salicylate, 178, see Phenethyl
salicylate
2-Phenylethyl senecioate, 178, see Phenethyl
senecioate
2-Phenylethyl tiglate, 178, see Phenethyl tiglate
2-Phenylethyl isovalerate, 178, see Phenethyl
is ovalerate
Phenylformic acid, 178, see Benzoic acid
0- Phenylglycolic acid, 178, see Phenoxyacetic acid
Phenylium, 178, see Phenoxyacetic acid
Phenyl methanol, 178, see Benzyl alcohol
1- Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol, 178, see Phenyl
ethyl methyl ethyl carbinol
1- Phenyl-2-pentanol, 178, see a-Propylphenethyl
alcohol
2- Phenylpropanal, 179, see 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde
1- Phenyl-l-propanol, 179, see Phenyl ethyl
carbinol
2- Phenyl-l-propanol, 179, see -Methylphenethyl
alcohol
3- Phenyl- 1 -propanol, 179, see Benzylethyl
alcohol; Hydrocinnamyl alcohol; Phenylpropyl
alcohol
3-Phenylpropenal, 179, see Cinnamaldehyde
3-Phenylpropenoic acid, 179, see Cinnamic acid
3- Phenyl- 2 -propen- 1 -ol, 179, see Cinnamyl alcohol
3-Phenyl-2-propenyl propanoate, 179, see Cinn
amyl propionate
2-Phenylpropionaldehyde, 179, see Hydratrop
aldehyde; ar-Methyl phenylacetaldehyde; aMethyl tolualdehyde; 2-Phenylpropanal
3-Phenylpropionaldehyde, 179
2- Phenylpropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal, 179,
see Hydratropaldehyde dimethyl acetal
3- Phenylpropionic acid, 179, see Benzylacetic
acid; Ethyl 3- phenylproplonate; Hydrocinnamic
acid; Methyl 3-phenylpropionate
3- Phenylpropyl acetate, 180, see Acetic acid;

Hydrocinnamyl acetate
Phenylpropyl alcohol, 180, see 3-Phenyl-l-propanal
01- Phenylpropyl alcohol, Butyric ester, 180, see
2- Phenylpropyl butyrate
a-Phenylpropyl alcohol, Isobutyric ester, 180,
see 2 -Phenylpropyl isobutyrate
Phenylpropyl aldehyde, 180
a-Phenylpropyl butyrate, 180, see a- Ethyl benzyl
butyrate
2 - Phenylpropyl butyrate, 180, see Butyric acid;
Hydratropyl butyrate; 0-Methylphenethyl buty
rate; a- Phenylpropyl alcohol," Butyric ester
2- Phenylpropyl isobutyrate, 180, see Isobutyric
ester; Hydratropyl isobutyrate; a- Phenylpropyl
alcohol
3- Phenylpropyl isobutyrate, 180, see Isobutyric
acid; Hydrocinnamyl isobutyrate
3- Phenylpropyl cinnamate, 180, see Cinnamic
acid; Hydrocinnamyl cinnamate
2 - Phenylpropyl ester, see 2 -Phenylpropyl butyrate
3- Phenylpropyl ester, see 3- Phenylpropyl acetate;
3- Phenylpropyl isobutyrate; 3- Phenylpropyl
cinnamate; 3-Phenylpropyl formate; 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate; 3- Phenylpropyl propionate;
3 - Phenylpropyl isovalerate
3-Phenylpropyl formate, 181, see Hydrocinnamyl
formate
3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate, 181, see Hexanoic acid;
Hydrocinnamyl hexanoate
3-Phenylpropyl propionate, 181, see Hydrocinnamyl
2-(3-Phenylpropyl)tetrahydrofuran, 1 81
3- Phenylpropyl isovalerate, 181, see Hydrocinnamyl
isovalerate; Isovaleric acid
Phosphate, Ammonium, Dibasic, 267
Phosphate, Ammonium, Monobasic, 267
Phosphate, Calcium hexameta- , 16, see Calcium
hexa-metaphosphate
Phosphate, Calcium monobasic, 44
Phosphate, Calcium, Tribasic, 44
Phosphate, Potassium, Dibasic, 267
Phosphate, Potassium, Monobasic, 267
Phosphate, Sodium acid pyro-, 45
Phosphate, Sodium aluminum, 16, 45
Phosphate, Sodium, Dibasic, 44
Phosphate, Sodium hexameta- , 16
Phosphate, Sodium, Monobasic, 45
Phosphate, Sodium pyro-, 16, see Sodium acid
pyrophosphate
Phosphate, Sodium, Tribasic, see Phosphate,
sodium, monobasic
Phosphate, Sodium tri-meta-, 38
Phosphate, Sodium tripoly-, 17
Phosphate, 16
Phosphoric acid, 17, 45
Phosphorous chloride, see Phosphorous oxychloride
Phosphorous oxychloride, 38
Phosphorous sources, 59
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, see Hemlock, oil
Picea mariana (Mill.), see Hemlock, oil
Picrasma excelsa (Sw .) Planch., see Quassia,
extract
Pimaric and abietic acid copolymers, 267
Pimenta acris Kostel, see Bay leaves, West Indian,
extract; Bay leaves, West Indian, oil; Bay leaves,
West Indian, oleoresin
Pimenta leaf. Oil, 247
Pimenta officinalis Lindl., see Allspice; Allspice,
oil; Allspice, oleoresin; Pimenta leaf, oil
PimpineIIa anisum L., see Anise; Anise, oil
Pine, Mountain, Oil, 247, see Pine needle, dwarf,
oil
Pine, Scotch, Oil, 247
a-Pinene, 181, see 2-Pinene; Resin, terpene;
2, 6, 8-Trimethylbicyclo-(3 . 1 . l)-2-heptene
289
2-Pinene, 181, see a-Pinene

2(10)-Pinene, 181, see-Pinene
0- Pinene, 181, see Nopinene; 2(10)-Pinene; Resin,
terpene
Pine needle. Dwarf, Oil, 247, see Pine, mountain,
oil; Pinus pumilio, oil
Pine needle, Oil, 247, see Siberian fir, oil
Pine tar, Oil. 247
Pinus mugo Turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari,
see Pine needle, dwarf, oil
Pinus pumilio. Oil, 247, see Pine needle, dwarf.
oil
Pinus species, see Pine tar, oil; Turpentine, gum;
Turpentine, steam distilled
Pinus palustris Mill. . see Pine tar, oil; Turpen
tine, gum; Turpentine, steam distilled
Pinus sylvestris L., see Pine, scotch, oil
Piper cubeba L. f., see Cubebs; Cubebs, oil
Piperidine, 182, see Hexahydropyridene
Piperine, 182, see Piperoylpiperidene
d-Piperitone, 182, see -Menth-l-en-3-one;
1 -Methyl- 4- isopropyl- 1 -cyclohexen- 3 -one
Piper nigrum L. , see Pepper, black; Pepper
black, oil; Pepper, black, oleoresin; Pepper,
white; Pepper, white, oil; Pepper, white,
oleoresin
Piperonal, 182, see Dioxymethylene protocatechuic aldehyde; Heliotropine; 3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde; Piperonyl aldehyde
Pipe ronyl acetate, 182, see Acetic acid; Heliotropyl acetate; 4-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)2 -butanone
Piperonyl aldehyde, 182, see Piperonal
Piperonyl isobutyrate, 182, see Isobutyric acid
Piperonyl ester, see Piperonyl acetate; Piperonyl
isobutyrate
Piperoylpiperidene, 183, see Piperine
Pipsissewa leaves, Extract, 248
Plantarome, 248, see Yucca, Mohave, extrac|
Pogostemon cablin Benth., see Patchouly, oil
Pogostemon heyneanus Benth., see Patchouly, oil
Polianthes tuberosa L., see Tuberose, oil
Polyacrylamide, 23, 267
Polyacrylic acid, 267
Polyethoxylated alkylphenol (dodecyl, nonyl, and
octyl), 24
Polyethoxylated alkylphenol, Benzyl ether of, 24
Polyethylene, 267
Polyethylene glycol, 24
Polyethylene glycol, 400, USP, 268
Polyethylene glycol, 400 through 6000, 268
Polyethylene glycol, 6000, 268
Polyethylene glycol (600) dioleate, 24
Polyethylene glycol ester of mixed fatty acids
from tall oil, 24, see Oleic acid
Polyethylene glycol (400) tallow diester, 24
Polyethylene glycol (600) monoricinoleate, 24
Polyglycerol esters, Fatty acids, 21
Polyisobutylene, see Resin, isobutylene
Polylimonene, 141
Polymixin B, 4
Polyoxyalkalene glycol, 24
Polyoxyethylene glycol, 24
Polyoxyethylene glycol (800) ester of edible
cottonseed oil fatty acids, 24
Polyoxyethylene glycol (600) monoricinoleate, 24
Polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate, 24
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, 24
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, 24
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, 25
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, 25
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate, 25
Polyoxyl 40 stearate, see Polyoxyethylene (40)
monostearate
Polyoxypropylene glycol, 25
pionate; Decyl propionate; Ethylformic acid;

Ethyl propionate; Geranyl propionate; Hexyl
propionate; Linalyl propionate; Methylacetic
acid; a-Methylbenzyl propionate; Methyl pro
pionate; Neryl propionate; Octyl propionate;
Phenethyl propionate; 3-Phenylpropyl propionate;
Propanoic acid; Propionate, calcium; Propyl
propionate; Isopropyl propionate; Rhodinyl
propionate; Terpinyl propionate; Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate
Propyl acetate, 183, see Acetic acid
Isopropyl acetate, 164, see Acetic acid
Propylacetic acid, 184, see Valeric acid
Isopropylacetic acid, 184, see Isovaleric acid
-Isopropylacetophenone, 184
Propyl 3-(2-furyl) acrylate, 184, see Propyl 2furanacrylate
Propyl alcohol, 184, see Cognac, green oil; Cognac,
white, oil; Optai; 1- Propanol; Propylic alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol, 23, 184, see Dimethylcarbinol;
Petrohol; Isopropanol; 2- Propane1
Propyl aldehyde, 184, see Proplonaldehyde
-Propyl anisole, 184, see Dihydroanethole;
Propyl methoxybenzene
- Isopropyl benzaldehyde, 184, see Cuminaldehyde
Propyl benzoate, 184, see Benzoic acid
Isopropyl benzoate, 164, see Benzoic acid
- Isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 185, see Cumin alcohol;
Cuminic alcohol; Cuminol; Cuminyl alcohol;
o-Cymen-7-ol
Propyl butyrate, 185, see Butyric acid
Isopropyl butyrate, 185, see Butyric acid
Isopropyl isobutyrate, 185, see Isobutyric acid
Propyl cinnamate, 185, see Cinnamic acid
Isopropyl cinnamate, 185, see Cinnamic acid
Isopropyl citrate, 15
Monoisopropyl citrate, see Citrate, isopropyl
Isopropyl- o-cresol, 186, see Carvacrol
Propyl disulfide, see Dipropy1 disulfide
Propyl ester, see Propyl acetate; Propyl ben
zoate; Propyl butyrate; Propyl isobutyrate;
Propyl cinnamate; Propyl formate; Propyl 2furanacrylate; Propyl 2-furoate; Propyl
gallate; Propyl heptanoate; Propyl hexanoate;
Propyl phenylacetate; Propyl propionate;
Propyl isovalerate
Isopropyl ester, see Isopropyl benzoate; Iso
propyl butyrate; Isopropyl cinnamate; Iso
propyl formate; Isopropyl hexanoate; Iso
propyl phenylacetate; Isopropyl propionate;
Isopropyl isovalerate
Propyl formate, 186
Isopropyl formate, 186
Isopropylformic acid, 186, see Isobutyric acid
Propyl 2-furanacrylate, 186, see Propyl 3-(2furyl) acrylate
Propyl 2-furoate, 186
Propyl gallate, 11, 186
Propylene glycol, 268
Propylene glycol alginate, see Alginic acid; Propy
lene glycol ester of, alginic acid
Propylene glycol ester of, Alginic acid, 21, 31
Propenyl guaethol, 183, see 6-Ethoxy-m-anol;
Propylene glycol mono- and diesters of fats and
1-thoxy-2 -hydroxy-4 -propenylbe nzene;
fatty acids, 25
Hydroxymethyl ane thole; 2-Propenyl-8ethoxyphenol
Propylene glycol and glyceryl mono- and diesters
from the alcoholysis of soybean oil and/or hydro4-Propenylguaiacol, 183, see Isoeugenol
genated tallow, 25
2-Propenyl hexanoate, 183, see Allyl hexanoate
Propylene oxide, 36
4-Propenylveratrole, 183, see Isoeugenyl methyl
Propyl heptanoate, 186, see Heptanoic acid
ether
Propyl hexanoate, 186, see Hexanoic acid
Proplonaldehyde, 183, see Methylacetaldehyde;
Propanal; Propyl aldehyde
Isopropyl hexanoate, 187, see Hexanoic acid
Propionate, Calcium, 4, see Propionic acid
p_- Isopropyl hydrocinnamaldehyde, 187, see 3(- Isopropyl) phenyl proplonaldehyde
Propionate, Sodium, see Propionate, calcium
3, 187, see
Propionic acid, 183, see Allyl propionate; Isoamyl Propyl--hydroxybenzoate,
Nipasol; Propylparaben
propionate; Anisyl propionate; Benzyl propionate;
Isobornyl propionate; Butyl propionate; Isobutyl Propylic alcohol, 187, see Propyl alcohol
propionate; Carvyl propionate; Cinnamyl pro
3-Propylidenephthallde, 187
pionate; Citronellyl propionate; Cyclohexyl pro
Polypropylene glycol, see Butoxypolyethylene

Polypropylene-glycol, 25
Polysorbate 20, see Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan
monolaurate
monopaImitate
monostearate
tristearate
monooleate
Polyvinyl acetate, 268
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone , 268
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, 268
Pomegranate bark. Extract, 248
Poppy seed, 248
Potassium acid, Tartrate, 46
Potassium alginate, see Alginates
Potassium bisulfite, 11
Potassium bitartrate, see Tartrate, potassium acid
Potassium bromide, 3
Potassium carbonate, 42
Potassium casein*te, 263, see Casein
Potassium chloride, 59, 268
Potassium citrate, 45, see Citrate salts
Potassium cyclamate, see Cyclamates
Potassium fluoride, see Fluorine sources
Potassium glycerophosphate, see Phosphorous
sources
Potassium hydrogen sulfite, see Potassium
bisulfite
Potassium hydroxide, 45
Potassium iodate, see Iodine sources
Potassium iodide, see Iodine sources
Potassium metabisulfite, 11
Potassiiim n-methyldithio- carbamate , 3
Potassium permanganate, 37
Potassium phosphate. Dibasic, see Phosphates;
Phosphate, potassium, dibasic
Monopotassium orthophosphate, see Phosphate,
potassium, monobasic
Potassium stearate, 26
Potassium sulfate, 268
Proline (L- and DL- forms), 59
Propanal, 183, see Proplonaldehyde
Propane, 268
Propanoic acid, 183, see Propionic acid
Isopropanol, 183, 265, see Isopropyl alcohol
1 -Propanol, 183, see Propyl alcohol
2-Propanol, 183, see Isopropyl alcohol
1-Propene-1,2,3-tri-carboxylic acid, 183, see
Aconitic acid
2- Propene-l-thiol, 183, see Allyl mercaptan
-Propenylanisole, 183, see Anethole
2-Propenyl-6-ethoxyphenol, 183, see Propenyl
290
Propyl mercaptan, 187

Propyl methoxybenzene, 187, see - Propyl
anisole
Propylparaben, 187, see Benzoate; Propyl hydroxybenzoate
Propylparasept, 187, see Propyl - hydroxybenzoate
a- Propylphenethyl alcohol, 187, see Benzylbutyl
alcohol; Benzylpropyl carbinol; l-Phenyl-2pentanol
- Isopropyl phenylacetaldehyde, 187, see 3-Methyl2 -phenylbutyraldehyde
-Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde, 187, see -Cymen7-carboxaldehyde
Propyl phenylacetate, 187, see Phenylacetic acid
Isopropyl phenylacetate, 188, see Phenylacetic acid
3-(- Isopropyl) phenyl proplonaldehyde, 187, aee
Cuminyl acetaldehyde; - Isopropyl hydrocinnam
aldehyde
Propyl propionate, 188, see Propionic acid
Isopropyl propionate, 188, see Propionic acid
Propyl isovalerate, 188, see Isovaleric acid
Isopropyl isovalerate, 188, see Isovaleric acid
Provitamin A, see Carotene
Prunolide, 188, see y- Nonalac-tone
Prunus amygdalus Batach var . amara (DC . )
Focke, see Almonds, bitter oll (FFPA)
Prunus armeniaca L . , see Apricot kernel, oil
Prunus avium L. (sweet cherry), see Cherry pits,
extract
Prunus cerasua L. (sour cherry), see Cherry pits,
extract
Prunus laurocerasus L., see Cherry laurel, oil
(FFPA)
Prunus spinosa L., see Sloe berries, Sloe berries,
extract; Sloe berries, extract solid
Psyllium seed husk, 34
Isopulegol, 188, see -Menth-8-en-3-ol
Pulegone, 189. see L-4(8)--Menthen-3-one; Menth 4(8) en - ;t one. l-Methyl-4- ieopropylidene
3 -cyclohexanone
Isopulegone, 189, see -(9)--Menthen-3-one;
-Menth-8-en-3-one
Isopulegyl acetate, 189, see Acetic acid
Isopulegyl ester, see Isopulegyl acetate
Pnica granatum L., see Pomegranate bark,
extract
Pyridine, 189, see Pyroracemic acid
Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 59
Pyroligneous acid, 248
Pyroligneous acid, Extract, 248
Pyromucic aldehyde, 189, see Furfural
Pyroracemic acid, 189, see Pyridine
Pyruvaldehyde, 189, see AcetyIformaldehyde;
2-Ketopropionaldehyde; 2 -Oxopropanal;
Pyruvic aldehyde
Pyruvic acid, 189, see Acetylformlc acid; Iso
amyl pyruvate; Ethyl pyruvate; a-Ketopropionic
acid; 2-Oxopropanoic acid
Pyruvic aldehyde, 189, see Pyruvaldehyde
Quack grass, 248, see Doggrass, extract
Quassia, Extract, 248, see Bitter ash, extract;
Bitter wood, extract
Quassia amara L., see Quassia, extract
Quebrachia lorentzzi Griseb. , see Quebracho
bark, extract
Quebracho bark. Extract, 248
Quercetin-3-rutinoside, see Rutin
Quercus alba L. , see Oak chips, extract
Quick grass, 248, see Doggrass, extract
Quillaia, 246, see China bark, extract; Saponin:
Soap bark
Quillaja saonaria Molina, see Quillaia
Quince seed. Extract, 249,
Quinine bisulfate, 189
Saccharin, 53
Quinine, Extract, 248, see Cinchona, extract
Saffron, 50, 250
Quinine hydrochloride, 190
Saffron, Extract, 250, see Crocus, extract
Quinine sulfate, 190
Sage, 250
Isoquincline. 190
Sage, Oil, 250
Racemic acid, 190, see Tartaric acid (d- , J- ,
di-, meso-)
Sage, Oleoresin, 250
RaldeineR, 190, see Methyl-a-ionone; MethylSage, Spanish, Oil, 250
- ionone
Saigon cinnamon, 251, see Cinnamon
Rennet, 268
Saigon cinnamon leaf. Oil, 251, see Cinnamon
Rennin, see Rennet
leaf, oil
Resin, Acrylamide - acrylic acid, 268
Salicylaldehyde, 191, see o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
Resin, Isobutylene, 268
Salicylic acid, see Isoamyl salicylate; Benzyl
salicylate; Isobutyl salicylate; Ethyl salicylate;
Resin, Coumarone-indene, 268
Methyl salicylate; Phenethyl salicylate
Resin, Methacrylic and divinyl benzene copoly
Salicylic ether, 192, see Ethyl salicylate
mer, 268
Saltpeter, see Nitrate, Potassium
Resin, Petroleum hydrocarbon, Aliphatic, 26
Salts of carrageenan, A mixture of two or more
Resin, Terpene, 269, see a-pinene; - pinene
of the ammonium, calcium, potassium, or
Resorcinol dimethyl ether, 190, see m-Dimethoxysodium salts, 31
benzene
Salts
of fatty acids, 21
Rhamnua purshiana DC, see Cascara, bitterless,
Salts of furcelleran, One or more of a mixture of
extract
the sodium, calcium, potassium and ammonium
Rhatany, Extract, 249, see Krameria, extract
salts of furcelleran, 32
Rhodmal, 190, see Citronellal
Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl . , see Sage, Spanish, oil
Rhodinol, see 3, 7-Dimethyl-6-octen- 1 -ol
Salvia officinalis L. , see Sage; Sage, oil; Sage,
oleoreain
Rhodinyl acetate, 190, see Acetic acid
Salvia sclarea L. , see Clary
Rhodinyl butyrate, 190, see Butyric acid
Sambucus canadensis L. , see Elder flowers
Rhodinyl isobutyrate, 191, see Isobutyric acid
Sambucus nigra L. , see Elder flowers
Rhodinyl ester, see Rhodinyl acetate; Rhodinyl
butyrate; Rhodinyl isobutyrate; Rhodinyl formate; Sandalwood, East Indian, Oil, 251, see Sandalwood,
Rhodinyl phenylacetate; Rhodinyl propionate;
yellow, oil
Rhodinyl isovalerate
Sandalwood,
West Indian, Oil, 251, see Amyris, oil
Rhodinyl formate, 191
Yellow, Oil, 251, see Arheol; Saunders,
Rhodinyl phenylacetate, 191, see Phenylacetic acid Sandalwood,
white, oil
Rhodinyl propionate, 191, see Pr.opionic acid
Santalol (a- and -) , 192, see Argeol
Rhodinyl isovalerate, 191, see Isovaleric acid
Santalum album L . , see Sandalwood, yellow, oil
Rhodymenia palmata (L.) Grev., see Dulse
Santalyt acetate, 192, see Acetic acid
Ribes nigrum L., see Currant buds, black, absolute Santalyl ester, see Santalyl acetate; Santalyl phenyl
acetate
Riboflavin, 50, 60
Santalyl phenylacetate, 192, see Phenylacetic acid
Riboflavin- 5- phosphate, 60
Saponin, 251, see Quillaia
Ricinus communis L. , see Castor, oil
Sarsaparilla, Extract, 251
Ricinus, Oil, 249, see Castor, oil
Rochelle salts, see Tartaric acid; Tartrate, sodium, Sassafras aIbidum (Nutt.) Nees, see Sassafras
bark, extract (safrol-free); Sassafras leaves
potassium
(safrol-free)
Rosa alba L., see Rosa, absolute
Sassafras bark. Extract (Safrol-free), 251
Rosa canina L., see Rose hips, extract
Rosa centifolia L., see Rose, absolute; Rose water, Sassafras leaves (Safrol-free), 251
Satureja hortensis L., see Savory, summer;
stronger
Savory, summer, oil; Savory, summer,
Rosa condita Scop., see Rose hips, extract
oleoresin
Rosa damascena Mill., see Rose, Bulgarian, true Satureja montana L., see Savory, winter; Savory,
otto, oil
winter, oil; Savory, winter, oleoresin
Rosa rugosa Thunb., see Rose hips, extract
Saunders, White, Oil, 251, see Sandalwood,
yellow, oil
Rosa species, see Rose hips, extract
Saussu rea lappa Clarke, see Costus root, oil
Rose, Absolute, 249
Savory, Summer, 251
Rose, Bulgarian, True Otto, Oil, 249, see Attar
of Roses
Savory, Summer, Oil, 251
Rose hips, Extract, 249, see Hipberries, extract
Savory, Summer, Oleoresin, 251
Rosemary, 249
Savory, Winter, 252
Rosemary, Oil, 249, see Garden Rosemary, oil
Savory, Winter, Oil, 252
Rose water, Stronger, 249
Savory, Winter, Oleoresin, 252
Rosins, 269
Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl., see
Quebracho bark, extract
Rosmarinus officinalis L., see Rosemary; Rose
mary, oil
Schinus molle L., see Schinus molle, oil
Rubber, Butadiene styrene (Latex), 269
Schinus molle. Oil, 252, see Pepper tree, oil
Rubber, Smoked sheet and latex solids (natural), 269 Sebacic acid, see Dibutyl sebacate; Diethyl sebacate
Rubus , Species of section Eubatus, see Blackberry Serine (L- and DL- forms), 60
bark, extract
Shellac, 269
Rue, 250
Siberian fir, Oil, 252, see Pine needle, oil
Rue, Oil, 250
Silica aerogel, 26
Rum ether, 191, see Ethyl oxyhydrate
Silica gel, 269
Kuta graveo If- n s I-., sec line. Rue, oil
Silicic acid, Precipitated, see Silica gel
Rutin, 60
Silicates, 269
291
Silicate, Aluminum calcium, 269

Silicate, Calcium, 269
Silicate, Magnesium, 269
Silicate, Sodium alumino-, 269
Silicate, Tricalcium, 269
Silicon dioxide, 26
Silicon dioxide. Colloidal, 269
Skatole, 192, see -Methylindole; 3-Methylindole
Sloe berries, 252, see Blackthorn berries
Sloe berries, Extract, 252, see Blackthorn berries,
extract
Sloe berries, Extract solid, 252
Smallage, 252, see Lovage
Smallage, Extract, 252, see Lovage, extract
Smallage, Oil, 252, see Lovage, oil
Smellage, 252, see Lovage
Smellage, Extract, 252, see Lovage, extract
Smellage, Oil, 252, see Lovage, oil
Smilax species, see Sarsaparilla, extract
Snakeroot, Canadian, Oil, 252, see Wild ginger,
Canadian, oil
Soap bark, 252, see Quillaia
Sodium acetate, 3
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, 45, see Phosphate,
Sodium pyroSodium acid sulfite, see Sodium bisulfite
Sodium alginate, see Alginates
Sodium aluminum phosphate, 16, 45
Sodium isoascorbate, see Erythorbate, sodium
Sodium benzoate, 3, 192, see Benzoic acid
Sodium bicarbonate, 42
Sodium bisulfite, 11
Sodium borate, see Boron sources
Sodium calcium silicoaluminate hydrated, see
Silicate, sodium calcium aluminoSodium carbonate, 42
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 32, see Cellulose
gum; Carboxymethyl cellulose
Sodium caseinate, see Casein
Sodium chloride, 4
Sodium chlorite, 37
Sodium citrate, 15, 45
Sodium cyc lamate, see Cyclamates
Sodium dehydroacetate, 4
Sodium di-acetate, 3
Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, 21
Sodium erythorbate, 10
Sodium 2-ethyl 1-hexylsulfate, 21, see 2-Ethyl
1-hexylsulfate, Sodium
Sodium fluoride, see Fluorine sources
Sodium hexametaphosphate, 16
Sodium hydrogen sulfite, see Sodium bisulfite
Sodium hydroxide, 46
Sodium hypo-chlorite, 3
Sodium lauryl sulfate, 23
Sodium metabisulfite, 11
Sodium metaphosphate, see Phosphate, sodium
hexametaSodium metasilicate, 46
Sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate, 23
Sodium methyl sulfate, 23, 24
Sodium molybdate, see Molybdenum sources
Trisodium orthophosphate, see Sodium phosphate,
tribasic
Sodium salt, see Sodium benzoate
Sodium phosphate, Dibasic (Disodium orthophos
phate), see Phosphates
Sodium phosphate, Monobasic (Monosodium
orthophosphate), see Phosphates
Sodium phosphate (Monobasic, dibasic, and tri
basic), see Phosphorous sources
Sodium phosphate, Tribasic, 16

Monosodium phosphate glycerides derivatives of
mono- and difrom the glycerolysis of edible
fats or oils, 22
Sodium potassium tartrate, 46
Sodium pyrophosphate, 16
Sodium saccharin, see Saccharin
Sodium silicoaluminate, see Silicate, sodium
aluminoSodium silicofluoride, see Fluorine sources
Sodium stearate, 26
Sodium sulfoacetate glycerides derivatives of
mono- and di-, 22
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, see Phosphate,
sodium pyroSodium sulfate, 269
Sodium sulfite, 11, 269
Sodium taurocholate, 27
Sodium tetrapyrophosphate, see Phosphate,
sodium pyroSodium thio-sulfate, 11
Sodium tri-meta-phosphate, 38
Sodium tripolyphosphate, 17
Sodium - toluene sulfochloramine, 37
Sorbate, Calcium, 5
Sorbate, Potassium, see Sorbate, calcium
Sorbate, Sodium, see Sorbate, calcium
Sorbic acid, see Allyl sorbate; Ethyl sorbate;
Calcium sorbate
Sorbitan monooleate, 26
Sorbitan monopaImitate, 26
Sorbitan monostearate, 26
Sorbitan tristearate, 26
Sorbitol, 17, 34, 53, 269
Soybean, Fatty acids, Hydroxylated, 22
Soybean oil fatty acids hydroxylated, 26
Spanish hops, 252, see Dittany of Crete
Spanish origanum, 253, see Origanum, oil
(extractive)
Spartium junceum L . , see Genet, absolute;
Genet, extract
Spearmint, 253
Spearmint, Extract, 253
Spearmint, Oil, 253
Sperm oil, Hydrogenated, 270
Spike lavender, Oil, 253
Spiral flag. Oil, 253, see Costus root, oil
Spirit of Nitroue ether, 192, see Ethyl nitrite
Spruce oil, 253, see Hemlock, oil
Stannous chloride, 11
Starch, modified with pyropylene oxide, 34
Starch, Modified, Food, 34
Stearate, Calcium, 270
Stearate, Magnesium, 270
Stearate, Potassium, 26
Stearate, Sodium, 26, 270
Stearic acid, 192, 270, see Fatty acids; Octadecanoic acid
Stearyl-2-lactylate, Calcium, 26
Stearyl-2-lactylic acid, 26
Stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate, 26
Sterculia, 253, see Karaya. gum
Sterculia gum, see Karaya, gum
Sterculia urens Roxb. , see Karaya, gum
St. John's bread, 253, see Carob bean, extract
Storax, 253, see Styrax, gum
Strawberry aldehyde, 193, see Ethyl methyl
phenylglycidate
Styracin, 193, see Cinnamyl cinnamate
Styralyl acetate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate
Styralyl alcohol, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate

Styralyl butyrate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl butyrate
Styralyl isobutyrate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl
isobutyrate
Styralyl formate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl formate
Styralyl propionate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl
propionate
Styrax, Craib ex Hartwich, or other species of
the section Anthrostyrax of the genus, see
Benzoin, resin
Styrax benzoin Dryander, see Benzoin, resin
Styrax, Extract, 253
Styrax, Gum, 253, see Storax
Styrax paralleloneurus Perkins, see Benzoin, resin
Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre), see Benzoin, resin
Styrolene acetate, 193, see a-Methylbenzyl acetate
Styryl carbinol, 193, see Cinnamyl alcohol
Succinic acid, 46, see Diethyl succinate; Dimethyl
succinate
Succinic anhydride, 38
Sucrose otaacetate, 193
Sulfate, Sodium thio-, 11
Sulfated tallow, 27
Sulfites, 11
Sulfites and sulfur dioxide, 5
Sulfoacetates of mono- and diglycerides, 22
Sulfur dioxide, 11
Sulfuric acid, 46
Sunset yellow FCF, see FD&C Yellow No. 6
Sweet flag, 253, see Calamus
Sweet flag. Oil, 254, see Calamus, oil
Sweet Spirit of Nitre, 193, see Ethyl nitrite
Tagetes erecta L . , see Tagetes , oil
Tagetes glandulifera Schrank, see Tagetes, oil
Tagetes, Oil, 254, see Marigold, oil
Tagetes patula L., see Tagetes, oil
Talc, 270
Tallow alcohol, Hydrogenated, 26
Tallow, Hydrogenated, 26
Tallow, Oxidized, 26
Tallow, Sulfated, 27
Tangan- tangan, Oil, 254, see Castor, oil
Tangerine, Oil, 254
Tannic acid, 193, 270, see Gallotannic acid; Tannin
Tannin, 193, see Tannic acid
Tar, Oil, 254, see Pine tar, oil
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz . , see
Dandelion root, extract solid; Dandelion root,
fluid extract
Taraxacum officinale Weber, see Dandelion root,
extract solid; Dandelion root, fluid extract
Tarragon, 254
Tarragon, Oil, 254, see Estragon, oil
Tartaric acid, 17, 46, see Diethyl tartrate;
Tartrate, sodium; Tartrate, sodium potassium
Tartaric acid (d-,
di-, meso-), 193, see
Racemic acid
Tartrate, Potassium acid, 46
Tartrate, Sodium, see Tartaric acid
Tartrate, Sodium Potassium 46, see Tartaric acid
Tartrazine, see FD&C Yellow No. 5
Taurocholate, Sodium, 27
Taurocholic acid, see Taurocholate, sodium
1 , 4(8)-Terpadiene, 193, see Terpinolene
4-Terpinenol, 193, see 4-Carvomenthenol
a- Terpineol, 193, see -Menth- 1 -en- 8-ol
Terpinolene, 194, see jo-Menth- 1 , 4(8)-diene;
1 ,4(8)-Terpadiene
Terpinyl acetate, 194, see Acetic acid; -Menth1 -en- 8-yl acetate
292
Terpinyl anthranilate, 194, see -Menth-l-en8-yl anthranilate

Terpinyl butyrate, 194, see Butyric acid; Menth- 1 -en- 8-yl butyrate
Terpinyl isobutyrate, 194, see Isobutyric acid;
-Menth-l-en-8-yl isobutyrate
Terpinyl cinnamate, 194, see Cinnamic acid;
-Menth-l-en-8-yl cinnamate
Terpinyl ester, see Terpinyl acetate; Terpinyl
anthranilate; Terpinyl butyrate; Terpinyl iso
butyrate; Terpinyl cinnamate; Terpinyl formate;
Terpinyl propionate; Terpinyl isovalerate
Terpinyl formate , 195, see -Menth-l-en-8-yl
formate
Terpinyl propionate, 195, see -Menth- 1 -en-8-yl
Terpinyl isovalerate, 195, see -Menth-l-en-8-yl
isovalerate; Isovaleric acid
Terra Japonica, 254, see Catechu, powder
Tetradecanal, 195, see Myristaldehyde
Tetradecanoic acid, 195, see Ethyl myristate;
Methyl myristate; Myristic acid
Tetradecyl aldehyde, 195, see Myristaldehyde
Tetrahydro-2-furancarbinol, 195, see Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol, 195, see Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, 195, see Acetic acid
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 195, see Tetrahydro 2 - furancarc tool; Tetrahydro- 2 - furanmethanol;
Tetrahydro- 2 - furylmethanol
Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate, 195, see Butyric acid
Tetrahydrofurfuryl ester, see Tetrahydrofurfuryl
acetate; Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate; Tetrahydro
furfuryl propionate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate, 196, see Propionic
acid
Tetrahydro- 2 -furylmethanol, 196, see Tetrahydro
furfuryl alcohol
Tetrahydrogeraniol, 196, see 3, 7- Dimethyl- 1octanol
Tetrahydro- pseudo-ionone, 196, see 6,10Dimethyl-9-undecen-2-one
Tetrahydrolinalool, 196, see 3, 7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol
4-(2, 5, 6. 6-Tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene- 1 -yl)3-buten-2-one, 196, see or-Irone
Tetramethyl ethylcyclohexenone (Mixture of
isomers), 196
Tetryl formate, 196, see Isobutyl formate
Theine, 196, see Caffeine
Thiamine hydrochloride, 60
Thiamine mononitrate, 60
Thibetolide, 196, see w-Pentadecalactone
2-Thienyl mercaptan, 196
2-Thienylthiol, see 2-Thienyl mercaptan
Thioallyl ether, 197, see Allyl sulfide
Thiodipropionic acid, 12
Threonine (L- and DL- forms), 60
Thuja occidentalis L. , see Cedar leaf, oil
Thyme, 254
Thyme camphor, 197, see Thymol
Thyme, Oil, 254
Thyme. White. Oil, 254
Thymol, 197, see 3--Cymenol; 5-Methyl-2isopropylphenol; Thyme camphor
Isothymol, 197, see Carvacrol
Thymus capitatue Hoffm . et Link, see Origanum,
oil (extractive)
Thymus vulgaris L., see Thyme; Thyme, oil;
Thyme, white, oil
Tiglic acid, see Allyl tiglate; Ethyl tiglate;
Phenethyl tiglate
Tilia glabra Vent. , see Linden flowers
Titanium dioxide, 50
Tocopherols, 12, 60
Tolu, Balsam, Extract, 255

Tolu, Balsam, Gum, 255
a-Tolualdehyde, 197, see Phenylacetaldehyde
Tolualdehyde glyceryl acetal (Mixed o-, m-,
-). 197
Tolualdehydes (Mixed o-, m-, -), 197
a-Toluenethiol, 197, see Benzyl mercaptan
a-Toluic acid, 197, see Phenylacetic acid
a-Toluic acid, Ethyl ester, 197, see Ethyl
phenylacetate
a-Toluic aldehyde, 197, see Phenylacetaldehyde
-Tolylacetaldehyde, 197, see -Methylphenylacetaldehyde
Tolyl acetate (so-called), see Methylbenzyl
acetate
o- Tolyl acetate, 198, see Acetic acid; Acetyl
o-cresol; o-Cresyl acetate; o-Cresylic acetate
- Tolyl acetate, 198, see Acetic acid; Acetyl cresol; -Cresyl acetate; -Cresylic acetate
4-(-Tolyl)-2-butanone, 198, see p- Methyl benzyl acetone
-Tolyl isobutyrate, 198 see Isobutyric acid;
-Cresyl isobutyrate
- Tolyl dodecanoate, 198, see - Tolyl laurate
o- Tolyl ester, see o- Tolyl acetate
- Tolyl ester, see - Tolyl acetate; - Tolyl iso
butyrate; - Tolyl laurate; - Tolyl phenyl
acetate
- Tolyl laurate, 198, see -Cresyl dodecanoate;
-Cresyl laurate; Dodecanoic acid; -Tolyl
dodecanoate
-Tolylphenylacetate, 198, ee -Cresyl phenyl
acetate; Phenylacetic acid
2-(- Tolyl) propanal, see 2-(-Tolyl)-propionaldehyde
2-(- Tolyl) propionaldehyde, 198, see -Methylhydratropaldehyde
Tonkalide, 199, see -Hexalactone
Tributyl acetylcUrate , 199, see Citroflex A-4
Tributyl ester, see Tributyl acetylcitrate
Trichloroethylene, 2 70
2-Tridecenal, 199
Triethanolamine, 270
Triethyl citrate, 199, see Citric acid
Triethyl ester, see Triethyl, citrate
Trifolium, Extract solid, 225, see Clover tops,
red, extract solid
Trifolium pratense L., see Clover tops, red,
extract solid
Trigoneila foenum - graecum L., see Fenugreek;
Fenugreek, extract; Fenugreek, oleoresin
2, 4 , 5-Trihydroxybutyrophenone, 12
Triisopropanolamine, 270
2,6, 6-Trimethylbicyclo-(3 . 1 . l)-2 heptene, 199,
see a-Pinene
l-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-l-yl)-6, 6heptadien-3-one, 199, see Allyl a-ionone
4 -( 2 , 6 , 6- Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen- 1 -yl)-3buten-2-oe, 199, see a-Ionone; 0-lonone
4 - (2, 6, 6- Trimethyl- 2- cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-methyl3-buten-2-one, 199, see a-Isomethylionone
5 -(2, 6, 6- Trimethyl- 3-cyclohexen-l- yl)- 4- penten3-one, 199, see Methyl-of-ionone; Methyl-0ionone; Methyl- -ionone
1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine, 199, see
Caffeine
3. 7, 11 -Trimethyl- 1, 6, lO-dodecatrien-3-ol,
199, see Nerolidol
3,7,ll-Trimethyl-2,6, 10-dodecatrien- 1 -ol, 199,
see Farnesol
1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norbornanol, 200, see Fenchyl
alcohol
d-1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norbornanone, 200, see
d- Fenchone
1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine, 200, see Caffeine
Triticum, 255, see Doggrass, extract
Valine (L- and DL- forms), 60

Tryptophane (L- and DL- forms), 60
Vanay, 202, see (tri-)Acetin
Tusuga canadensis (L.) Carr., see Hemlock, oil
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf .) Sarg. , see Hemlock, oil Vanilla, 256
Vanilla, Extract, 256
Tuberose, Oil, 255
Vanilla, Oleoresin, 256
Tumeric and curcumin, 50
Vanilla planifolia Andrews, see Vanilla; Vanilla,
Turmeric, 255
extract; Vanilla, oleoresin
Turmeric, Extract, 255
Vanilla tahetinsls J.W. Moore, see Vanilla;
Turmeric, Oleoresin, 255
Vanilla extract; Vanilla, oleoresin
Turpentine, Gum, 255
Vanillal, 202, see Ethyl vanillin
Turpentine, Steam distilled, 255
Vanillic aldehyde, 202, see Vanillin
2, 3-Undecadione, 200, see Acetyl nonyryl; Acetyl
Vanillin, 202, see 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzpelargonyl
aldehyde; Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde;
Vanillic aldehyde
y-Undecalactone, 200, see Aldehyde C-l4 pure
(so-called); y_-Heptyl butyrolactone; 4-HydroxyVanillin acetate, 202, see Acetic acid; Acetyl
undecanoic acid, y-lactone; Peach aldehyde;
y-Undecyl lactone
Vanillin ester, see Vanillin acetate
Undecanal, 200, see Aldehyde C-ll undecylic;
Vanillin methyl ether, 202, see Veratraldehyde
Hendecanal; Undecylic aldehyde
Veratraldehyde, 202, see 3 , 4-Dimethoxybenzene1- Undecanone, 200, see Undecyl alcohol
carbonal; Dimethyl ether protocatechualdehyde;
2-Undecanone, see Methyl nonyl ketone
Vanillin methyl ether; Veratric aldehyde
9- Undecenal, 200, see Aldehyde C-ll undeVeratric aldehyde, 202, see Veratraldehyde
cylenic; Hendecen-9-ol; Undecylenic
Viburnum prunifolium L., see Haw bark, black,
aldehyde
extract
Undecenyl acetate, 200, see 10-Undecen-l-yl
Vinegar, 46
acetate
Vinegar naphtha, 202, see Ethyl acetate
10- Undecen-l-yl acetate, 201, see Acetate
C-ll; Acetic acid; 10-Hendecenyl acetate;
Vinyl
acetate, 38
Undecenyl acetate; Undecyleniacetate
-Vinylguaiacol, 202, see 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol
Undecen- 1 -yl ester, see 10-Undecen-l-yl
Viola odorata L., see Violet leaves, absolute
acetate
Violet alpine. Oil, 203, see 2-Methyl-3-(-iso10-Undecenoic acid, see Allyl 10-Undecenoate;
propylphenyl) propionaldehyde
Butyl 10-undecenoate
Violet leaves, Absolute, 256
Undecyl alcohol, 201, see Alcohol C- 1 1 unde
cylic; 1-Undecanone
Viridine, see Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
Undecyleniacetate, 201, see 10-Undecen-l-yl
Vitamin A. 60
acetate
Vitamin A acetate, see Vitamin A
Undecylenic aldehyde, 201, see 9-Undecenal
Vitamin A palmitate, see Vitamin A
9- Undecylenic acid, see Methyl 9-undecenoate
Vitamin Bj hydrochloride, see Thiamine hydro
10- Undecylenic acid, see Ethyl 10-undeccnoate
chloride
Undecylic aldehyde, 201, see Undecanal
Vitamin B2, see Riboflavin
y-Undecyl lactone, 201, see y-Undecalactone
Vitamin Bg, see Pyridoxine hydrochloride
Urea, 270
Vitamin Bj2, 60
Valeral, 201, see Valeraldehyde
Vitamin C, see Ascorbic acid
Isovaleral, 201, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
Vitamin D2, 60
Valeraldehyde, 201, see Amyl aldehyde; Pentanal;
Vitamin D3, 60
Va le ral; Valeric aldehyde
Vitamin E, see Tocopherols
Isovaleraldehyde, 201, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
Vitamin G, see Riboflavin
Valerian root, Extract, 256
Vitamin H, see Biotin
Valerian root, Oil, 256
Valeriana officinalis L., see Valerian root, extract. Viverra cWetta Schreber, see Civet, absolute
Viverra zibetha Schreber, see Civet, absolute
Valerian root, oil
Valerianic acid, 201, see Isovaleric acid
Walnut hull, Extract, 256
Valeric acid, 201, see Bornyl valerate; Butyl
Wax, Bee's, 270
valerate; Citronellyl valerate; Ethyl valerate;
Wax, Carnauba, 2 70
Methyl valerate; Pentanoic acid; Propylacetic
Wax, Microcrystalline, and Paraffin, 27, 270,
acid
see Paraffin
Valeric acid (Active), 201, see Isovaleric acid
Wax,
Rice bran, 270
Isovaleric acid, 201, see Allyl isovalerate; Ammon
White flag. Extract, 257, see Orris root, Extract
ium ieovalerate; Isoamyl isovalerate; Benzyl
isovalerate; Bornyl ieovalerate; Isobornyl iso
ginger, Canadian, Oil, 257, see Snakeroot,
valerate; Isobutyl formic acid; Butyl isovalerate; WildCanadian,
oil
Cinnamyl isovalerate; Cyclohexyl isovalerate;
Wintergreen, Extract, 257, see Checkerberry,
Delphinic acid; Ethyl isovalerate; Geranyl iso
valerate; Linalyl isovalerate; Menthyl isoval
extract
erate; 0-Methylbutyric acid; Methyl isovaler
Wintergreen,
Oil, 257, see Checkerberry, oil
ate; Neryl isovalerate; Nonyl isovalerate;
Wormwood, 257, see Absinthium
Octyl isovalerate; Phenethyl isovalerate; 3Phenylpropyl isovalerate; Isopropylacetic
Wormwood, Extract, 257, see Absinthium, extract
acid; Propyl Ieovalerate; Isopropyl isovale
Wormwood, Oil, 257, see Absinthium, oil
rate; Rhodinyl isovalerate; Terpinyl iso
valerate; Valerianic acid; Valeric acid
Xanthophyll,
50
(active)
Xanthoxylum amercanum L., see Ash bark.
Valeric aldehyde, 202, see Valeraldehyde
prickly, extract
Isovaleric aldehyde, 202, see 3-Methylbutyraldehyde Xanthoxylum clava-herculis L. see Ash bark,
2- Valerolactone, 202, see 4-Hydroxypentanoic acid,
prickly, extract
y-lactone; 3-Methylbutyrolactone; 3-Valerolactone
Xylitol, 53
3- Valerolactone, 202, see y-Valerolactone
Validol, 202, see Menthyl isovalerate
293
Yara ra, see - Naphthy] methyl ether

Yarrow, Herb, 257, see Milfoil
Yeast, Dried, 61
Yeast, Dried, Irradiated, see Yeast, dried
Yeast, Torula, Dried, see Yeast dried
Yellow melilot, 257
Yellow prussiate of soda, see Ferrocyanide
decahydrate, sodium
Yellow wax. Bleached (White) wax, see Beeswax
Yerba Santa, Fluid extract, 257
Ylang ylang. Oil, 258
Yucca brevifolia Engelm., see Yucca, Joshua tree

Yucca, Joshua tree, 258
Yucca, Mohave, Extract, 258, see Cactus root,
extract; Plantarome
Yucca mohavensis Sarg., see Yucca, Mohave,
extract
Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies, see Yucca,
Mohave, extract
Zea mays L . , see Corn silk
Zedoary, 258
Zedoary bark. Extract, 258
Zinc chloride, see Zinc sources
294
Zinc gluconate, see Zinc sources

Zinc oxide, see Zinc sources
Zinc sources, 61
Zinc stearate (prepared from stearic acid free
from chick-edema factor), see Zinc sources
Zinc sulfate, see Zinc sources
Zingerone, 203, see 4-(4- Hydroxy- 3- methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; Zingiberone
Zingiber officinale Rose, see Ginger; Ginger,
extract; Ginger, oil; Ginger, oleoresin
Zingiberone, 203, see Zingerone
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Addition of Specific Nutrients to Foods. 1961;
1 p. Free.
The Problem of Changing Food Habits.

177p., paper. Bulletin 108. $2.50.
The Role of Nutrition in International Programs .

1961; 8 p., paper. Free.
Maternal Nutrition and Child Health.

paper. Bulletin 123. $2.00.
1945; 142 p.,

1943;
1950; 174 p.,
FOOD PROTECTION COMMITTEE

Principles and Procedures for Evaluating the
Safety of Food Additives. 1959; 9 p., paper.
Publication 750. Free.
The Safety of Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate for
Use in Foods. 1958; 19 p., paper. Publication
646. $0.50.
Food Packaging Materials: Their Composition
and Uses. 1958; 48 p., paper. Publication 645.
$1 .00.
Safe Use of Pesticides in Food Protection.
17 p., paper. Publication 470. $0.50.
1956;
The Relation of Surface Activity to the Safety of

Surfactants in Foods. 1956; 10 p., paper.
Publication 463 . Free .
The Safety of Artificial Sweeteners for Use in
Foods. 1955; 10 p., paper. Publication 386 .
Free .
Some Considerations in the Use of Human Sub
jects in Safety Evaluation of Pesticides and
Food Chemicals. 1965; 22 p., paper. Pub

lication 1270. $1 .50.
The Safety of Monoglycerides and Diglycerides
for Use as Intentional Additives in Foods. 1965;
15 p., paper. Publication 1271. Free.
An Evaluation of Public Health Hazards from
Microbiological Contamination of Foods. 1964;
64 p. ,paper. Publication 1195. $2.00.
New Developments and Problems in the Use of
Pesticides. 1963; 82 p., paper. Publication
1082. Free.
Radionuclides in Foods. 1962; 44 p., paper.
Publication 988. $1.50.
The Use of Chemicals in Food Production,
Processing, Storage, and Distribution. 1961;
16 p. ,paper. Publication 887. $0.50.
Problems in the Evaluation of Carcinogenic
Hazards from Use of Food Additives. 1959;
44 p., paper. Publication 749. $1.00.
Order from: Printing and Publishing Office

2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D. C. 20418
TX 553 .A3 N26 1965

National Research Council
(U.S.). Food Protection
Chemicals used in food
TX 553 .A3 N26 16
National Research Council
(U.S.). Food Protection
Chemicals used in food
processing

Chemicals Used in Food Processing

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Chemicals Used in Food Processing

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CHEMICALS

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

CHEMICALS USED IN FOOD PROCESSING

Food Protection Committee

Food and Nutrition Board

National Academy of Sciences National Research Council

Food Protection Committee

David . Hand , Chairman

The inclusion of chemicals and reported levels of use in the list of

The carbohydrates consist of various sugars, starches, dextrins, cellu

* Throughout this report the term "food additive" is used as defined

Acids, Alkalies, Buffers, and Neutralizing Agents

Bread improvers used by the baking industry contain small amounts

Sources of vitamin A are added to margarine, and vitamin D is add

sodium cyclamates (cyclohexysulfamates) are commonly used for this pur

INTENTIONAL ADDITIVES USED IN PROCESSED FOODS

Surface Active Agents

Bleaching and Maturing Agents, Starch Modifiers .

Buffers, Acids, Alkalies

Non- Nutritive and Special Dietary Sweeteners ...

Spices, Herbs, Essential Oils and

Miscellaneous Yeast Foods, Firming Agents,

Mold and rope inhibitor in baked goods

Preservative used in washing fruits and vegetables

Carbamate, Potassium nmethyldithio-

Bacteriostat component in controlling microorganisms in cane

Germicide, sterilizing agent

chlorite, Sodium hypo

Chlorite, Calcium hypo

Bacteriostat component in sugar cane being processed. Up to

Component of bacteriostat in sugar cane being processed.

Mold and yeast control in dried and glaceed fruits

Yeast and mold inhibitor

Fermentation inhibitor in still wines

Methylformate (as formic acid), up to

Component of defoamer used in yeast and beet sugar produc

Polymerized formaldehyde, obtained by concentrating

In edible tissue of chickens and turkeys when carcass is

Preservative, bactericide for milk and cheese

Mold and rope inhibitors

Bread, rolls, etc.

Pickling agent, preservative for meats, vegetables, butter

Sulfites and Sulfur Dioxide

Dual-purpose preservatives and antioxidants

(See Group 2, Antioxidants)

Removing and displacing oxygen

Gas, Combustion product (from

Removing and displacing oxygen in the processing, storage,

Antioxidant in edible fats or oils

Preservatives, antioxidants, anti- browning agents

Uses listed for Sodium Sulfite

Uses listed for Sodium Sulfite

Uses listed for sulfites and bisulfites above

Uses listed for sulfites and bisulfites above

Sulfate , Sodium Thio-

Antioxidant, preservative, anti-browning agent

Used as an antioxidant alone or in combination with other

(Chelating Agents , Metal Scavengers, Emulsifier Salts, Texturizers, Stabilizing Agents)

Evaporated milk. Calcium chloride, up to

Oleomargarine, salad oil. Up to

Synergist and solubilizer for antioxidant formulations for

Metal scavenger, antioxidant. Up to

Dried egg whites. Up to

Plasticizers for cheese spread, emulsifier salts