IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 52, NO.

4, JULY/AUGUST 2016

3443

Symmetrical Components-Based Modified Technique

for Power-Quality Disturbances Detection
and Classification
Raj Kumar, Member, IEEE, Bhim Singh, Fellow, IEEE, and D. T. Shahani
AbstractThis paper presents a modified approach based
on symmetrical components in time domain for the detection
and classification of various power-quality (PQ) disturbances.
Single-phase PQ disturbance signal along with the two other ideal
phases generated using phase-locked loop (PLL) is processed to
find out the symmetrical components of all phases in time domain.
Triggering points for PQ disturbances have been detected from
the negative-sequence component of disturbance phase and have
been easily classified from the signatures of the waveforms using
the summation of the positive- and negative-sequence components.
PQ disturbances, such as voltage sag, swell, interruption, harmonics, flicker, transients, notches, and spike present in a distribution
system, have been investigated and are easily localized and
segmented with this technique. Being a time-domain technique,
it can be adopted for the online monitoring and assessment of the
PQ disturbances. Simulated and real-time results are presented
for a number of PQ disturbances to show the effectiveness of
the proposed method for the PQ disturbances detection and
classification.
Index TermsDisturbance, power quality (PQ), symmetrical
components, transform, wavelet.

I. I NTRODUCTION

ONITORING of the power quality (PQ) is essential

today for understanding the sources, causes, and characteristics of various PQ disturbances originating in a distribution
system due to the manifold increase in the use of sensitive nonlinear electronic loads in industrial, commercial, and domestic
applications. These loads are causing the distortion in the
voltage waveform due to the drawing of the different patterns
of current variation. PQ disturbances generated by these loads
propagate on the power system to affect the distribution-system
equipments and causing mal-operation of the commonly used
control devices such as electric drives, programmable logic
controllers, and single-loop controllers in process industries.
So, due to the developments of these PQ issues, the customers
are focusing attention on the quality of power and demanding

Manuscript received May 13, 2015; revised July 27, 2015 and November
15, 2015; accepted February 7, 2016. Date of publication March 1, 2016; date
of current version July 15, 2016. Paper 2015-IACC-0228.R2, presented at the
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy
Systems, Mumbai, India, December 1619, and approved for publication in
the IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON I NDUSTRY A PPLICATIONS by the Industrial
Automation and Control Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society.
R. Kumar is with Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Longowal 148106, India (e-mail: gargsliet1973@gmail.com).
B. Singh and D. T. Shahani are with the Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India (e-mail: bsingh@ee.iitd.ac.in; dt.shahani@
gmail.com).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIA.2016.2536665

the clean power necessary for the successful operation of these

nonlinear loads. Accurate PQ disturbance detection, quantification, and recognition are necessary for the power-system engineer to understand the deviations that are originating due to the
interaction of these nonlinear loads in the power system. Power
engineer can also suggest the suitable mitigating technique
for the PQ improvement. PQ standards have been developed
to define and characterize the PQ disturbances, so that utility
engineers, industrial customers, and equipment manufacturers
are all familiar with these PQ problems and recommended the
practices for the design, installation, and maintenance of the
sensitive equipments. PQ limits are set by certain international
standards such as IEEE-1159, IEC 61000, and EN 50160
[1][3] to maintain it to an acceptable benchmark.
Most common PQ disturbances such as voltage sag, swell,
interruption, flicker, transient, and harmonics present in a distribution system need to be analyzed for assessing the PQ available to the consumers. These are assessed for the disturbance
period according to their amplitude, frequency, waveform, and
symmetry variations. A number of digital signal processing
techniques, such as Fourier transform (FT), short-time Fourier
transform (STFT), wavelet transform (WT) [4][8], Stockwell
transform (ST) [9][11], timetime transform [12], Hilbert
transform [13], [14], and Kalman filters (KF) [15], are extensively reported in the literature for the timefrequency analysis
of these nonstationary signals PQ disturbances for the detection and then recognition with the various features extracted
from the transformed patterns of these PQ disturbance signals. These features are used as inputs to the pattern classifiers
such as artificial neural network (ANN) [16], fuzzy logic
(FL) [17], support vector machine (SVM) [18], and its variants for the automatic PQ disturbance recognition. All these
timefrequency domain techniques suffer from the extensive
computations, so the requirement of the fast processing speed
is limiting the online applications of these techniques. So, there
is a need of a fast and accurate technique for the PQ disturbances detection and recognition, and is the foundation of the
intelligent PQ monitoring.
A modified technique based on the symmetrical components
in time domain is proposed in this paper for the PQ disturbances detection and then classification. Methods for extracting the instantaneous symmetrical components are presented in
[19] and [20], and have been used for the improvement of PQ
in a distribution system by mitigating the current-related PQ
disturbances. The reference supply currents are estimated to
maintain the balanced three-phase supply currents with active

0093-9994 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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shunt filters [21], [22]. The extracted positive-, negative-, and

zero-sequence components are investigated to develop an algorithm for the online PQ disturbances detection and recognition
simultaneously. Each phase is taken separately to detect PQ
disturbances with the two other ideal phases generated with
the phase-locked loop (PLL). The complete concept is presented below in four sections. Section II discusses the theory
of the symmetric components in frequency domain and time
domain. PQ disturbance generation and disturbance detection
are discussed for the various single-stage PQ disturbances in
Section III. Section IV discusses the hardware implementation
of this technique to investigate the effectiveness with the real
PQ disturbances signals, as the real signals are mostly corrupted
with the noise during measurements. Conclusive remarks are
presented in Section V.

positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence components for the

phase a are calculated as

II. S YMMETRICAL C OMPONENTS IN T IME D OMAIN

Sampling frequency (fs ) is selected in such a way to make

the 1 and 2 integral.
The instantaneous value of the positive-sequence component
is same as that of a phase, while negative- and zero-sequence
components are nil for a balanced three-phase network.
The peak value of positive-sequence components of fundamental voltage is estimated as

2
+
+
[va +2 (k) + vb +2 (k) + vc +2 (k)].
vp (k) = vabc (k) =
3
(11)

Symmetric components theory has been first introduced by

Fortescue [23] for analyzing the unbalanced ploy-phase networks and has become known as the method of symmetric
components. This method decomposes the steady-state phasors of unbalanced three-phase system (Vabc ) into a group of
+

0
), negative- (Vabc
), and zero-sequence (Vabc
)
positive- (Vabc
components as
+

0
+ Vabc
+ Vabc
.
Vabc = Vabc

(1)

So, the symmetric components V+0 for the phase a from

a general three-phase voltage matrix Vabc are obtained as
V+0(a) = T Vabc

(2a)

where T is the symmetrical component transformation matrix

+
Va a +
Va a
1 2
1

(2b)
Va a = 1 2 Vb b
3
0
0
1 1 1
Vc c
Va a
where = ej2 /3 is called as Fortescue operator.
The sequence components for phases b and c are given as
Vb+

Va+

Vb

Va

(3)

Vc+ = Va+ : Vc = 2 Va

(4)

Va0 = Vb0 = Vc0 .

(5)

As it is a frequency-domain concept, Lyon [24] has extended

this work by calculating the time-domain-based symmetrical
components using a time-shifting operator. Fortescue operator
() is converted into the time domain by counting the number
of samples in a one-third sinusoidal cycle of 50 Hz at a particular sampling frequency. The instantaneous positive-, negative-,
and zero-sequence components have been calculated by the
same transformation for phase a as

+
va (t)
1 2
va
va = 1 1 2 vb (t)
(6)
3
1 1 1
vc (t)
va0
where va (t), vb (t), and vc (t) are the three-phase instantaneous
voltages. In the discrete form, for the sample k, instantaneous

1
[va (k) + vb (k + 1 ) + vc (k + 2 )]
3
1
va (k) = [va (k) + vb (k + 2 ) + vc (k + 1 )]
3
1
0
va (k) = [va (k) + vb (k) + vc (k)]
3
va + (k) =

(7)
(8)
(9)

where 1 and 2 are the number of samples equivalent to the

phase shift of 120 and 240 , respectively. If fs is the sampling frequency and f1 is the fundamental frequency, i.e., power
frequency of the signal being sampled, then 1 and 2 are as
1 =

fs
2fs
and 2 =
.
3f1
3f1

(10)

+
The magnitude of vabc
is constant (1 pu) for rated voltage.
The peak value of negative-sequence components of fundamental voltage is estimated as

2

[va 2 (k) + vb 2 (k) + vc 2 (k)].

vp (k) = vabc (k) =
3
(12)

The magnitude of vabc

is constant (0 pu) for rated voltage.

III. S INGLE -S TAGE PQ D ISTURBANCES D ETECTION AND

C LASSIFICATION
This section deals with the generation, detection, and classification of the PQ disturbances using the proposed method in a
MATLAB environment.
A. Generation of PQ Disturbances
To illustrate the use of symmetrical components for the PQ
disturbances detection, single-stage PQ disturbances such as
voltage sag, swell, interruption, flicker, oscillatory transients,
notch, spike, and harmonics have been simulated in MATLAB
using the numerical models [25]. Numerical models of these
PQ disturbances are characterized by their magnitude, duration,
and frequency, and are presented in Table I. These PQ disturbances have been simulated over the defined parameters range.
PQ disturbances obtained from the numerical models closely
depict the real-time disturbances. Synthetic data of these PQ
disturbances are advantageous due to the limited availability of
the real PQ disturbances data for checking the ability of the

KUMAR et al.: SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS-BASED MODIFIED TECHNIQUE

3445

TABLE I
N UMERICAL M ODELING OF S IMULATED PQ D ISTURBANCES

Fig. 1. Block diagram of a PLL.

analyzing technique. The other two-phase signals with 120

and 240 phase difference have been generated with PLL to
calculate the symmetric components in time domain for the PQ
disturbance detection. The basic block diagram of the PLL is
shown in Fig. 1, which is a closed-loop control system used
to provide the phase information of the input signal so as to
generate the other two phases. The high-frequency components
corresponding to starting and ending of the disturbances are
suppressed by the loop filter of the PLL.
B. PQ Disturbance Detection
Symmetric components-based disturbance detection presented in this work is designed to detect the eight single-stage
PQ disturbances such as sag, swell, interruption, flicker, oscillatory transients, notch, and spike. PQ disturbances are simulated
in MATLAB as per Standard IEEE-1159 [1] with the sampling frequency of 6.6 kHz. The disturbances are simulated
in a data window of 10 cycles resulting into a matrix of size
1 1320 elements with 50 Hz power frequency. The schematic
diagram of the PQ disturbance detection is presented in Fig. 2.
Symmetric components in time domain are calculated for each
PQ disturbance and found that the disturbance can be easily detected from the negative-sequence component of the
disturbance phase. The instantaneous value of the negativesequence component is zero for when all the three phases are

balanced. Figs. 3(a)10(a) show the eight types of single-stage

PQ disturbance signals. Figs. 3(b)10(b) show the instantaneous negative-sequence component of the disturbance in phase
a for all the disturbances. Each PQ disturbance is clearly
indicated from the negative-sequence component of the disturbance phase. The change in the instantaneous value of the
negative-sequence component of the disturbance phase confirms the presence of the PQ signal. The distinguished patterns
of negative-sequence component for the different PQ disturbances are explored for the accurate PQ disturbances detection
and classification. These PQ disturbances can be classified as
short- and long-term based on this time information from the
negative-sequence component of the PQ disturbance phase.
C. Classification of PQ Disturbances
PQ disturbances classification starts from the analysis of
instantaneous sequence components of all the three phases.
Instantaneous peak value calculated from the instantaneous
positive-sequence components for the balanced rated three
phases is equal to one (pu), while it is equal to zero for
the instantaneous negative-sequence components. Figs. 3(c)
10(c) show the instantaneous peak value calculated from the
instantaneous sum of the positive-sequence components of all
the three phases for all the disturbances. Figs. 3(d)10(d) show
instantaneous peak value calculated from the instantaneous
negative-sequence component for all the PQ disturbances.
The complete block scheme of the classification algorithm
for the single-stage PQ disturbances is shown in Fig. 11. From
the visual inspection of the negative-sequence component of the
distorted phase for all the disturbances, it is pointing that the
disturbance is detected for the time period when the negativesequence component is having a nonzero value for the PQ
disturbance phase. The short time disturbances such as spikes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 52, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2016

Fig. 2. Schematic of the PQ disturbance detection.

Fig. 3. (a) Voltage sag starting at 0.035 s and ending at 0.165 s. (b) Negativesequence component of event phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

Fig. 5. (a) Voltage flicker starting at 0.045 s and ending at 0.155 s. (b) Negativesequence component of event phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

Fig. 4. (a) Voltage swell starting at 0.046 s and ending at 0.154 s. (b) Negativesequence component of event phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

Fig. 6. (a) Voltage notches starting at 0.046 s and ending at 0.157 s.

(b) Negative-sequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peakvalue contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence
components.

KUMAR et al.: SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS-BASED MODIFIED TECHNIQUE

Fig. 7. (a) Oscillatory transient starting at 0.088 s and ending at 0.112 s.

(b) Negative-sequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peakvalue contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence
components.

Fig. 8. (a) Voltage spike starting at 0.040 s and ending at 0.160 s. (b) Negativesequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peak-value contour
calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

and notches are separated from the rest of the disturbances

on the bases of time, as these disturbances are appearing as
the impulses in the negative-sequence component. PQ disturbances such as sag, swell, interruption, and flicker are grouped
together in group G1 , as the number of crossings of the
negative-symmetric component per fundamental wave for the
disturbance period is either equal to or less than two while
harmonics and oscillatory transients are having more than two
number of zero-crossings per fundamental wave falls in the
second group G2 .
Flicker of group G1 can be separated from the number of
zero-crossings count in the peak contour of positive-sequence
components as the disturbances sag, swell, and interruption
are not having any zero-crossing in the disturbance duration.
Flicker disturbance which causes random or repetitive variations in the rms voltage between 90% and 110% of nominal
voltage magnitude also causes the peak value calculated for
the positive-sequence components contour to move around the
normal value (1 pu). Flicker disturbance causes the minimum
value to be less than one and maximum value to be more than

3447

Fig. 9. (a) Voltage harmonics starting at 0.059 s and ending at 0.141 s.

(b) Negative-sequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peakvalue contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence
components.

Fig. 10. (a) Voltage interruption starting at 0.056 s and ending at 0.144 s.
(b) Negative-sequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peakvalue contour calculated from the (c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence
components.

one of the sum of the positive-symmetric component contour.

The severity of the flicker PQ disturbance can be judged from
the difference of the highest and lowest values of the peak-value
contour.
Sag and interruption are causing the instantaneous peak value
calculated from the positive-sequence component to decrease
from the normal value 1 (pu) for the rated voltages, whereas
the swell disturbance is increasing this magnitude. For the
interruption disturbance, it decreases up to 0.667 (pu) for the
noise-free rated-voltage signal. So the sag, swell, and interruption PQ disturbances can be separated from the contour of
peak value calculated from the positive-sequence components.
Magnitude of PQ disturbances sag, swell, and interruption can
be quantified ideally from the formula
A (pu) = [(X (pu) 0.667)] /0.333

(13)

where X is the average value of the peak contour of the

positive-sequence components of all the three phases during the

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 52, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2016

Fig. 12. Laboratory prototype of the developed hardware for real-time PQ

disturbance generation.

proposed algorithm using DSP. A LEM-make Hall-effect voltage sensor (LV-25P) and current sensor (LA-55P) are used for
voltage and current sensing. A signal-conditioning circuitry for
these sensors is also developed for the protection of DSP from
any voltage spike.
A. Generation of PQ Disturbances

Fig. 11. Block scheme for the classification of single-stage PQ disturbances.

disturbance period for the swell, sag, and interruption disturbance, whereas A (pu) is the maximum magnitude of the PQ
disturbance signal.
Group G2 disturbances are having more number of zerocrossings per fundamental in the negative-symmetric component of the disturbance signal during the disturbance period.
These are separated on the basis of the duration as the oscillatory transients which are usually caused by the capacitor
energization occur for not more than three fundamental cycles,
while the harmonics persist for a longer time in the power network. Moreover, the magnitude of the negative-sequence component has an exponential decay for the transient disturbance
and is related to the presence of the oscillatory transient signal.
Spikes and notches can be further separated from the peakvalue contour, as it contains the values less than 1 (pu) for the
notch signal and contains the values more than 1 (pu) for the
spike signal.
IV. O NLINE I MPLEMENTATION OF P ROPOSED M ETHOD
FOR PQ D ISTURBANCE D ETECTION
The proposed algorithm has been implemented online using
a digital signal processor (DSP-dSPACE 1104). A sample time
of 150 s is selected for the online implementation of the

There can be a number of reasons for the generation of the

same PQ disturbance in real world. Linear and nonlinear loads
are used to generate the real-time PQ disturbances in the laboratory as in a practical distribution system. The voltage sag
and swell have been recorded by sensing the voltage at point
of common coupling (PCC) by switching the high-rating linear
loads. A single-phase rectifier is used to generate the voltage
notches and harmonics. Fig. 12 shows the developed hardware
prototype for generation and acquisition of real-time PQ disturbances. Channel 1 of Figs. 13(a)16(a) shows the sensed PQ
disturbances generated in the laboratory captured by the digital
storage oscilloscope (DSO).
B. Application of Proposed Algorithm
The real-time PQ disturbances generated in the laboratory
are analyzed using the proposed algorithm. These disturbances
are acquired via Hall-effect sensors and given to the DSP
(dSPACE-1104). Figs. 1316 show the results obtained on
application of the proposed method for four different cases of
voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage notches, and voltage interruption. Channel 2 of these figures shows the change in the
magnitude of the instantaneous negative-sequence component
of the disturbance phase and clearly depicting the duration of
the disturbance. Channels 3 and 4 of these figures are showing
the change in the peak value calculated from the positivesequence components and negative-sequence components.

KUMAR et al.: SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS-BASED MODIFIED TECHNIQUE

Fig. 13. (a) Real-time voltage sag. (b) Negative-sequence component of disturbance phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the (c) positiveand (d) negative-sequence components.

3449

Fig. 16. (a) Real-time voltage interruption. (b) Negative-sequence component

of disturbance phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the
(c) positive and (d) negative-sequence components.
TABLE II
C OMPARISON OF C OMPUTATION B URDEN

Fig. 14. (a) Real-time voltage swell. (b) Negative-sequence component of

disturbance phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the
(c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

A comparison of the proposed method and frequency-domain

methods based on average lapse time (with tic-toc operation
in MATLAB on processor i5, 2.4 GHz) for all disturbances
is presented in Table II. The lapse time is selected as a criterion for comparison, as for the same processor the higher
the computational burden, the higher is the run time and
vice versa.

V. C ONCLUSION

Fig. 15. (a) Real-time voltage notch. (b) Negative-sequence component of

disturbance phase, instantaneous peak-value contour calculated from the
(c) positive- and (d) negative-sequence components.

These results show a satisfactory performance of this proposed method for detection of the various single-stage PQ
disturbances and can be considered as a new technique for the
PQ disturbance detection due to capability of the adaptive data
size selection for the feature extraction.

In this paper, the PQ disturbances detection and recognition have been made using time-domain-based symmetrical
components. Symmetrical components have been able to effectively detect all the eight single-stage PQ disturbances such as
sag, swell, interruption, flicker, oscillatory transient, harmonics, notch, and spike. Disturbances have been easily classified
from the patterns of the negative and peak contour calculated
from the sum of positive-sequence components. Size of the data
block is adaptive as only the PQ disturbance block data are
processed. Online symmetrical components-based disturbance
detection has been found free from the computational burden
as in timefrequency domain techniques. So, the segmentation
can be done easily for the PQ disturbance recognition. PQ monitoring can employ this new approach as an effective tool for the
PQ disturbances detection and classification.

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Raj Kumar (M13) received the B.E. degree in electronics and instrumentation from Punjabi University,
Patiala, India, in 1994, and the M.Tech. degree in
instrumentation and control engineering from Punjab
Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, in
2005. He is currently working toward the Ph.D.
degree in electrical engineering at the Indian Institute
of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India.
He is currently working as an Assistant
Professor with the Department of Electrical and
Instrumentation Engineering, Sant Longowal
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India. His research interests
include power quality, digital signal processing, and process control systems.
Bhim Singh (SM99F10) was born in Rahamapur,
India, in 1956. He received the B.E. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Roorkee,
Roorkee, India, in 1977, and the M.Tech. degree in
power apparatus and systems and the Ph.D. degree
in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 1979
and 1983, respectively.
In 1983, he joined the Department of Electrical
Engineering, University of Roorkee (now IIT
Roorkee), as a Lecturer, where he became a Reader in
1988. In December 1990, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering,
IIT Delhi, as an Assistant Professor, where he became an Associate Professor
in 1994 and a Professor in 1997. He was ABB Chair Professor from
September 2007 to September 2012. Since October 2012, he has been a
CEA Chair Professor. He is currently Head of the Department of Electrical
Engineering with IIT Delhi. He has guided 59 Ph.D. dissertations and 158
M.E./M.Tech./M.S.(R) theses. He has been granted one U.S. patent and filed
17 Indian patents. He has executed more than 75 sponsored and consultancy projects. He has coauthored a text book on power quality: Power
Quality Problems and Mitigation Techniques (Wiley, 2015). His research
interests include power electronics, electrical machines and drives, renewable
energy systems, active filters, flexible alternating current transmission systems
(FACTS), high-voltage direct current (HVDC), and power quality.
Dr. Singh is a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
(FNAE), The Indian National Science Academy (FNA), The National Academy
of Science, India (FNASc), The Indian Academy of Sciences, India (FASc),
The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS), the Institute of Engineering and
Technology, U.K. (FIET), Institution of Engineers (India) (FIE), and Institution
of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (FIETE) and a Life Member
of the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), System Society of
India (SSI), and National Institution of Quality and Reliability (NIQR). Since
December 2015, he has been a J. C. Bose Fellow. He was the General Chair of
the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives, and Energy
Systems (PEDES06) and (PEDES10) held in New Delhi. He was the recipient of the Khosla Research Prize of University of Roorkee in 1991. He was
also the recipient of J. C. Bose and Bimal K. Bose Awards of The Institution
of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) for his contributions
to the field of power electronics; the Maharashtra State National Award of
Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) in recognition of his outstanding
research work in the area of power quality; the PES Delhi Chapter Outstanding
Engineer Award for the year 2006; the Khosla National Research Award of IIT
Roorkee in 2013; and the 2014 Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award in the field of
engineering including energy and aerospace.
D. T. Shahani received the B. Tech. degree in electronics from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India, in 1973 (silver medallist), and the Ph.D. degree in electro-magnetics from
IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 1979.
He has been associated with IIT Delhi since 1973,
where he is currently a Professor of Instrument
Design and Development Centre (IDDC). He has
a number of research, consultancies, and numerous
transfers of technologies to his credit. His research
interests include electronics, instrumentation, electromagnetic transducers, and electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC).
Dr. Shahani was the recipient of the Prestigious Award of Excellence in
Teaching (IIT Delhi, Golden Jubilee Year) 2011. He was also the recipient
of the Outstanding Development and Technology Award in Electromagnetic
Systems and the Outstanding Instructional Element Award (teaching at IIT
Delhi) in 1991.