The Faculty Reading Lists for Part I papers are revised annually.

In designing examinations, setters take into account

reading lists operative during a two-year period.

HISTORICAL TRIPOS
PART I
PAPER 12
EUROPEAN HISTORY
776 B.C. - A.D. 69

FACULTY BOOKLIST

(201617 version)

PAPER 12: EUROPEAN HISTORY, 776 BC AD 69

This paper covers the history of the ancient world in the Mediterranean region and southern
Europe over eight centuries. There are two main points of focus: Classical Greece of the fifth
and fourth centuries BC, and Republican and early Imperial Rome from the turn of the third
century BC to the mid-first century AD.
The bibliographies which follow concentrate on key items aimed at providing suggestive and
interesting introductions to the various topics and the issues and controversies they involve.
They cut across rather than duplicate the division of material that is reflected in the
organisation of the lectures. They are unashamedly selective; deliberately not exhaustive.
Taken together, they should give some idea of what this paper has to offer, and of the sheer
fascinating variety of issues which confront any historian of the ancient world.

PAPER 12 - RECOMMENDED READING LIST

NB

Primary sources are not listed separately in the bibliographies which follow; most are easily
available in translation in Penguin Classics, Oxford World Classics, or the Loeb Classical
Library; as well as on-line.

GREEK HISTORY

A1.

General & introductory

a) Sourcebooks
M. Dillon and L. Garland, Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic
Times to the Death of Socrates, (London, 1994)
M. Crawford and D. Whitehead, Archaic and Classical Greece. A Selection of Ancient Sources
C. Fornara,
P. Harding,
P.J. Rhodes,

in Translation (Cambridge, 1983)

From archaic times to the end of the Peloponnesian War (Cambridge, 1983)
From the end of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Issus (Cambridge, 1985)
The Greek City States (Cambridge, 2007)

b) Monographs and papers

P. Cartledge ed., The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece, (Cambridge and New York,
1998).
R. Osborne,
Greek History (London, 2014)
JACT
The World of Athens Revised edition (Cambridge, 2008)
O. Murray and S. Price ed., The Greek City from Homer to Alexander (Oxford, 1990)
R. Osborne ed., Classical Greece (Oxford Short History of Europe, vol.1) (Oxford, 2000)
The Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed. Vols. 5 and 6, (ed. D.M.Lewis, et al.) (Cambridge, 1992)
P. Cartledge, The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2002)
A2.
Archaic Greece
J. Hall,
A history of the archaic Greek world : ca. 1200-479 BCE. (London, 2007)
O. Murray,
Early Greece (London, 1993)
R. Osborne,
Greece in the Making, c.1200-479 B.C. (London, 1996)
A. Snodgrass, Archaic Greece: the age of experiment (London, 1980)
N. Fisher and H. van Wees ed., Archaic Greece: new approaches and new evidence (London, 1998)
H.A. Shapiro (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece (Cambridge, 2007)
L.H. Jeffery, Archaic Greece. The City-States, c.1700-500 B.C. (London, 1976)
A3.
Athenian Democracy
a) Sourcebooks
J.M. Moore
Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy 2nd ed., (London, 1983)
R. Osborne,
Athenian Democracy LACTOR 5 (2014)
b) Monographs and papers
C. Carey
Democracy in Classical Athens (Bristol, 2000)
J.K. Davies
Democracy and Classical Greece 2nd ed. (London, 1993)
P.J. Rhodes, ed Athenian Democracy Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World (Edinburgh, 2004)
M.I. Finley,
Politics in the Ancient World, (Cambridge, 1983)
-------------,
Democracy Ancient and Modern 2nd ed., (London, 1985)
-------------,
'The Athenian demagogues' Past and Present 1962 reprinted in M I Finley Studies in
Ancient Society (1975) ch.1, and in Democracy Ancient and Modern 2nd ed.
M.H. Hansen, The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles and
Ideology (Oxford, 1991)
D. Kamen
Status in Classical Athens (Princeton, 2013)
N. Loraux
The invention of Athens (Harvard, 1986)

J. Ober

Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power of the
People (Princeton, 1989)
---------,
Political Dissent in Democratic Athens (Princeton, 1998) ch. 1-2.
R. Osborne
Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika (Cambridge, 1985)
R. Osborne,
Athens and Athenian Democracy (Cambridge, 2010)
R. Osborne and S. Hornblower ed., Ritual, Finance, Politics. Athenian Democratic Accounts
presented to David Lewis (Oxford, 1994)
K. Raaflaub
'Perceptions of democracy in fifth-century Athens' in J. Rufus Fears ed. Aspects of
Athenian Society (Copenhagen, 1985) ch.2.
K. Raaflaub, J. Ober and R. Wallace (eds), Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece (Berkeley, 2007)
R.K. Sinclair Democracy and participation in classical Athens (Cambridge, 1988)
I.F. Stone
The Trial of Socrates (London 1988) with S.C. Todd 'The journalist, the academic and
the trial of Socrates', Polis 8 (1989) 28-48
R. Thomas
Oral tradition and written record in classical Athens (Cambridge, 1989) 196-237
A4.
Delian League/Athenian Empire
a) Sourcebooks
R. Osborne ed., The Athenian Empire LACTOR 1 (4th edition) (2000)
b) Monographs and papers
P.J. Rhodes
The Athenian Empire (Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 17, Oxford 1985)
R. Meiggs
The Athenian Empire (Oxford, 1972; corrected ed. 1979)
J. Ma, N. Papazarkadas & R. Parker (eds.) Interpreting the Athenian Empire (London, 2012).
L. Nixon and S. Price 'The Size and Resources of Greek Cities' in O. Murray and S. Price ed.,The
Greek City from Homer to Alexander (Oxford, 1990) pp 137-70.
P. Brunt
'Athenian Settlement Abroad in the Fifth Century B.C.', in his Studies in Greek
History and Thought (Oxford, 1993), ch.5.
G.E.M. de Ste. Croix 'The Character of the Athenian Empire', Historia 3 (1954) 1-41
M.I. Finley
'The Fifth-century Athenian Empire: A Balance Sheet', in P.D.A. Garnsey & C.R.
Whittaker eds., Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1978) (reprinted in
M.I. Finley Economy and Society in Ancient Greece ed. B.D. Shaw and R. P. Saller,
(London, 1981) ch.3.
G.T. Griffith 'Athens in the Fourth Century', in Garnsey Imperialism ch.4
D.M. Lewis
'The Athenian Coinage Decree', in I. Carradine ed., Coinage and Administration in the
Administration in the Athenian and Persian Empires BAR International Series 343
(Oxford 1987) pp. 53-63
H. Mattingly 'Epigraphy and the Athenian Empire', Historia 41 (1992) 129-38
J. Cargill
The Second Athenian League: Empire or Free Alliance? (Berkeley, 1981).
A5.
Athens and the Ideology of Empire
D. Boedeker and K. Raaflaub ed., Democracy, Empire and the Arts (Cambridge, Mass., 1998)
L. Burn
'The art of the state in fifth-century Athens', in M.M. Mackenzie & C. Rouech, ed.
Images of Authority: Papers presented to Joyce Reynolds on the occasion of her
seventieth birthday Cam. Philological Society Supp. Vol.16, (1989) pp. 62-81
D. Castriota
Myth, Ethos and Actuality: Official Art in fifth-century Athens, (1992)
S. Goldhill
'The Great Dionysia and civic ideology', in J.J. Winkler & F.I. Zeitlin ed.,
Nothing to do with Dionysus? Athenian Drama in its Social Context (Princeton,
1990), pp. 97-129
E. Hall
Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through Tragedy, (Oxford, 1989)
I. Jenkins
The Parthenon Frieze, (London 1994)
J. Neils ed.,
Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival of Ancient Athens (1992)
J. Neils
The Parthenon Frieze (Cambridge, 2001)
R. Osborne
'Framing the centaur: reading fifth-century architectural sculpture', in S. Goldhill and
R. Osborne, ed., Art and Text in Ancient Greek Culture (Cambridge 1994) ch.3

-------------,
C.J. Tuplin

'Democracy and Imperialism in the Panathenaic Procession: The Parthenon Frieze and
its Context', in W.D.E. Coulson, O. Palagia et.al., ed., The Archaeology of Athens and
Attica under the Democracy Oxbow Monographs 37, (Oxford, 1994), pp. 143-50.
'Imperial tyranny: some reflections on a Classical Greek political metaphor', in P.A.
Cartledge & F.D. Harvey ed., Crux: Essays presented to G.E.M. de Ste. Croix on his
75th Birthday, (London, 1985)

A6.
P.A. Brunt

Thucydides
'Introduction to Thucydides', in his Studies in Greek History and Thought
(Oxford, 1993)
G.E.M. de Ste Croix The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London, 1972) 534.
W.R. Connor Thucydides (Princeton, 1984)
S. Hornblower Thucydides (London, 1987)
------------------,'Narratology and narrative technique in Thucydides' in S. Hornblower ed., Greek
Historiography (Oxford, 1994) 13166.
L. Kallet-Marx Money, expense, and the naval power in Thucydides' History (Berkeley, 1993)
H.D. Westlake Individuals in Thucydides (Cambridge, 1968)
C. Macleod
'Form and Meaning in the Melian Dialogue', Historia 23 (1974) 385400
(= Collected Essays (Oxford, 1983) No.8)
-------------,
'Reason and Necessity: Thucydides 3.914, 3738', Jnl. of Hellenic Studies 98
(1978) 6478 (= Collected Essays No.10)
T. Rood
Thucydides. Narrative and Explanation (Oxford, 1998)
E. Greenwood, Thucydides and the Shaping of History (London, 2006)
A7.
M.I. Finley

Sparta
'Sparta and Spartan Society', in his Economy and Society in Ancient Greece
(London, 1981), 2440
M Whitby ed., Sparta. Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World (Edinburgh 2002)
P. Cartledge
The Spartans. An Epic History, 2nd edn (London 2003)
---------------, Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History c.1300-362 B.C. 2nd ed. (London, 2002)
---------------, Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta (London, 1987)
---------------, Spartan Reflections (London, 2001)
N. Kennell,
Spartans: A New History (Oxford, 2010)
C.G. Starr
'The credibility of early Spartan History', in his Essays in Greek and Roman
History: A Selection of Articles and Reviews E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1979, 14459
(=Historia 14 (1965) 25772); reprinted in Whitby, Sparta.
W.G. Forrest A History of Sparta, 950-192 B.C. 2nd ed., London, 1980.
J. Ducat
Spartan Education (London, 2006)
S. Hodkinson 'Social Order and the Conflict of Values in Classical Sparta', Chiron 13 (1983) ;
reprinted in Whitby, Sparta.
-----------------, Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta (London, 2000).
S. Hodkinson and A. Powell ed. Sparta and War (London, 2006)
N. Luraghi and S. Alcock ed., Helots and their Masters (Washington, D.C., 2003).
A.J. Holliday 'Spartan Austerity', Classical Quarterly 27 (1977) 11126
A. Powell & S. Hodkinson ed., The Shadow of Sparta (London, 1994)
T.J. Figueira ed. Spartan Society (London, 2004)
A8.
Alexander the Great
a) Sourcebooks
W. Heckel and J.C. Yardley, Alexander the Great (Oxford, 2004)
b) Monographs and Papers
A.B. Bosworth,Conquest and empire. The reign of Alexander the Great (Cambridge, 1988)
-------------------,Alexander and the East. The Tragedy of Triumph (Oxford, 1996)

------------------- and E.J. Baynham eds., Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction (Oxford, 2000)
P. Brunt
Introduction and Appendices, Arrian, 2 vols., Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge,
Mass., 1976)
P. Briant
Alexander the Great: the heroic ideal, (London 1996), (French original 1987)
P. Cartledge
Alexander the Great. The Hunt for a New Past (London 2004)
P. Green
Alexander of Macedon (new edition, 1991)
G.T. Griffith ed.,Alexander the Great: the main problems (Cambridge, 1966)
J.R. Hamilton Alexander the Great (London, 1973)
R. Lane Fox Alexander the Great (London, 1973)
U. Wilcken
Alexander the Great trans. G.C. Richards, ed. E.N. Borza, (New York, 1967)
I. Worthington Alexander the Great Man and God (London 2003)
Worthington ed. Alexander the Great: A Reader (Oxford 2004)
A9.
Hellenistic World
a) Sourcebooks
M.M. Austin The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancient
sources in translation (Cambridge, 1981; 2nd edn. 2006)
R. Bagnall and P. Derow, The Hellenistic Period (Oxford, 2004)
b) Monographs and papers
J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray ed., Greece and the Hellenistic world (Oxford, 1988), chapters
13-15 (S. Price, R. Lane Fox and J. Barnes).
F.W. Walbank The Hellenistic world, revised ed. 2002.
G. Shipley
The Greek world after Alexander, 323-30 B.C. (London, 2000)
A. Erskine ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World (Oxford, 2003)
P. Cartledge, P. Garnsey and E. Gruen ed., Hellenistic constructs (Berkeley, 1997)
E. Gruen,
The Hellenistic world and ihe coming of Rome (Berkeley, 1984)
J. Ma
Antiochos III and the cities of western Asia Minor (Oxford, 1999)
J. Bingen,
Hellenistic Egypt (Cambridge, 2013)
B
GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY
B1.
Gender & Sexuality
a)
Sourcebook
M. Lefkowitz & M. Fant Womens Life in Greece and Rome, 3rd edn. (Baltimore, 2005)
J. Rowlandson ed., Women and society in Greek and Roman Egypt (Cambridge, 1998)
b)
Monographs and papers
General
M. Foucault
History of Sexuality vols I-III (London, 198086)
M. Golden and P. Toohey eds. Sex and Difference in Ancient Greece and Rome (Edinburgh, 2003)
L. McClure
Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World (Oxford, 2002)
E. Fantham et.al. eds. Women in the Classical World: Image and Text (Oxford 1994)
H.P. Foley ed. Reflections of Women in Antiquity (1981)
M. Wyke ed. Gender and the Body in the ancient Mediterranean, (Oxford, 1998)
S.L. James and S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World (Oxford, 2012)
Greece
D. Cohen
----------,
J. Davidson
----------,

'Law, society and homosexuality in classical Athens', Past & Present 117 (1987) 3-21,
reprinted in R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambridge,
2004)
Law, Sexuality and Society: the Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens,
(Cambridge, 1991)
Courtesans and Fishcakes. The consuming passions of Classical Athens (London,
1997)
The Greeks and Greek Love (London, 2007)

L. Dean-Jones Women's Bodies in Classical Greek Science (Oxford, 1994)

K.J. Dover
Greek Homosexuality revised ed. (London, 1989)
D.M. Halperin One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: and other Essays in Greek Love (London,
1980)
---------------, J.J. Winkler & F.I. Zeitlin ed., Before Sexuality: The Construction of the Erotic
Experience in the Ancient Greek World (Princeton, 1990)
R. Just,
Women in Athenian Law and Life (London, 1991)
S. Lewis
The Athenian Woman: an iconographical handbook (London, 2002)
R. Omitowoju Rape and the Politics of Consent in Classical Athens (Cambridge, 2002)
E. Reeder ed., Pandora. Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995)
J.J. Winkler
The Constraints of Desire: An Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece
(London, 1990)
Rome
E. DAmbra, Roman Women (Cambridge, 2008)
S. Dixon
The Roman Mother (London 1988)
-----------,
Reading Roman Women (London, 2001)
C. Edwards
The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 1993)
R. Flemming Medicine and the Making of Roman Women (Oxford, 2000)
J. Gardner
Women in Roman Law and Society (London 1986)
J. Hallett, M.D. Skinner ed., Roman Sexualities (Princeton, 1998)
D.E. Kleiner and S.B. Matheson (eds), I Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome (New Haven, 1996)
D.E. Kleiner and S.B. Matheson (eds), I Claudia II: Women in Roman Art and Society (Austin, 2000)
R. Langlands Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 2006)
T. McGinn,
Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1998)
A. Richlin
The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humour revd.ed.
(Oxford, 1992)
S. Treggiari
Terentia, Tullia and Publilia: The Women of Ciceros Family (London, 2007)
C. Vout
Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome (Cambridge, 2007)
C. Williams, Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity (Oxford,
1999/2010)
B2.
Slavery
a)
Sourcebooks
T.E.J. Wiedemann Greek and Roman Slavery, London 1981.
b)
Monographs and papers
General
J. Andreau and R. Descaut, The Slave in Greece and Rome (Madison, 2011)
M.M. Austin & P. Vidal-Naquet Economic and Social History of Greece: an Introduction.
(London 1977)
E. Dal Lago and C. Katsari (eds), Slave Systems: Ancient and Modern (Cambridge, 2008)
M.I. Finley
Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, (London, 1980; revised ed. by B.D. Shaw
Princeton 1998)
M.I. Finley ed. Slavery in Classical antiquity: views and controversies (Cambridge 1960)
--------------------, Classical Slavery (London, 1987; repr 1999 with new intro by W Scheidel)
P. Garnsey
Ideas of slavery from Aristotle to Augustine, (Cambridge, 1996)
O. Patterson
Slavery and social death: A comparative study (Cambridge Mass., 1982)
T.E.J. Wiedemann Slavery: Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 19, (Oxford, 1987 and
reprinted with additions).

Greece
P.A. Cartledge 'Rebels and Sambos in Classical Greece: A Comparative View', in P.A. Cartledge &
F.D. Harvey ed., Crux: Essays presented to G.E.M. de Ste. Croix on his 75th Birthday
(London, 1985), pp. 16-46 (= Spartan Reflections ch.11)
-----------------, 'Like a worm i' the bud? A Heterology of classical Greek slavery', Greece & Rome 40
(1993) 163-80
Y. Garlan
Slavery in Ancient Greece (trans. J. Lloyd) revised ed., (1988)
N.R.E. Fisher Slavery in Classical Greece (Bristol, 1993)
M.I. Finley
'Was Greek civilisation based on slave labour?', in his Economy and Society in Ancient
Greece ed. B.D.Saller, (London, 1981), ch.6. (= Historia 8 (1959) 14564)
M.Jameson
'Agriculture and Slavery in Classical Athens', Classical J. 73 (1977-78) 122-45
R. Osborne
'The economics and politics of slavery in Athens', in A. Powell ed., The Greek World
(London, 1995), 2743.
N.D. Smith
'Aristotle's theory of natural slavery', Phoenix 37 (1983), 10923
E.M. Wood
Peasant-citizen and slave: the foundations of Athenian democracy, (London, 1988)
Rome
K.R.Bradley
--------------,
--------------,
L. De Ligt,

Slavery and Rebellion in the Roman World 140 B.C. - 70 B.C. (Indiana, 1989)
Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire, (New York, 1984)
Slavery and Society at Rome, (Cambridge, 1994)
Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy
225BC-AD 100 (Cambridge, 2012)
W. Fitzgerald Slavery and the Roman Literary Imagination, (Cambridge, 2000)
L. Foxhall
The dependent tenant, J. of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 97114
P. Garnsey
Cities, Peasants and Food (Cambridge, 1998)
W.V. Harris
Demography, geography and the sources of Roman slaves, J. of Roman Studies 89
(1999) 6275
K. Hopkins
Conquerors and Slaves, (Cambridge 1978) ch. 1
--------------,
Novel Evidence for Roman Slavery, Past & Present 138 (1993) 327, reprinted in
R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambridge, 2004).
S. Joshel,
Roman Slavery (Cambridge, 2010)
M. Lavan,
Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 2013)
H. Mouritsen, The Freedman in the Roman World (Cambridge, 2011)
J.R. Patterson Crisis: What Crisis? Rural Change and Urban Development in Imperial Apennine
Italy, Papers of the British School at Rome 55 (1987) 11546
D. Rathbone The development of agriculture in the Ager Cosanus during the Roman Republic:
problems of evidence and interpretation, J. of Roman Studies 71 (1981) 1023.
---------------, The slave mode of production in Italy, J. of Roman Studies 73 (1983) 1608.
U. Roth,
Thinking Tools: Agricultural Slavery between evidence and Models (London, 2007)
W. Scheidel
Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman Empire, J. of Roman Studies
87 (1997), 156169
W. Scheidel, Human mobility in Roman Italy, II: The Slave Population, J. of Roman Studies 95
(2005), 64-79
B3.
Literacy and Education
General
W.V. Harris
Ancient Literacy (1989)
A.K. Bowman & G.D. Woolf ed., Literacy and Power in the Ancient World (1994)
B.M.W. Knox Silent Reading in Antiquity, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 9 (1968) 42135
A K Gavrilov Techniques of Reading in Antiquity, Classical Quarterly 47 (1997), 5673 and M.
Burnyeat Postscripts on silent reading ibid. 746
W.A. Johnson Toward a Sociology of Reading in Classical Antiquity, American J. of Philology 121
(2000) 593-627
R. Cribiore
Gymanstics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Princeton,
2001)

T. Morgan
H.I. Marrou

Literate Education in the Hellenistic and Roman Worlds (Cambridge, 1998)

A History of Education in Antiquity (New York, 1956)

Greece
R. Thomas
Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, 1989)
J. Goody & I. Watt 'The consequences of literacy', in J. Goody ed., Literacy in Traditional
Societies (1968)
R. Thomas
Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens (Cambridge, 1989)
F.D. Harvey 'Literacy in the Athenian Democracy', Revue des tudes grecques 79 (1966) 585635
M. Griffith
'"Public" and "Private" in Early Greek Institutions of Education', in YL Too (ed)
Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Leiden, 2001) 2185
A. Burns
'Athenian Literacy in the Fifth Century B.C.', J. of the History of Ideas 42 (1981) pp.
37187
P.A. Cartledge 'Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy', J. of Hellenic Studies 88 (1978) 2537; reprinted in
Cartledge, Spartan Reflections ch.4
K. Robb
Literacy and Paideia in Ancient Greece (1994)
Rome
M. Beard

Writing and Ritual: A Study of Diversity and Expansion in the Arval Acta, Papers of
the British School of Rome 53 (1985) 114162
----------- et.al. Literacy in the Roman World, J. of Roman Archaeology Supp. Series No.3, 1991
E.E. Best
Literacy and Roman Voting, Historia 23 (1974) 42838
W. Bloomer, Schooling in Persona: Imagination and Subordination in Roman Education,
Classical Antiquity 16 (1997) 57-78.
S.F. Bonner
Education in Ancient Rome (Berkeley, 1977)
A.D. Booth
Elementary and Secondary Education in the Roman Empire, Florilegium 1 (1979)
114
E. Hemelrijk Matrona Docta: Educated Women in the Roman Elite from Cornelia to Julia Domna.
(London, 1999)
B4.
The Ancient Economy
a)
Sourcebooks
F. Meijer & O. van Nijf Trade, Transport and Society in the Ancient World: A Sourcebook (London,
1992)
b)
General
M.I. Finley
P. Garnsey

Monographs and papers

The Ancient Economy 2nd ed., (London, 1985)

Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis
(Cambridge, 1988)
------------, K. Hopkins and C.R. Whittaker ed., Trade in the Ancient Economy (London, 1983)
W.V. Harris (ed.), The Monetary Systems of the Greek and Romans (Oxford, 2008)
C. Howgego Ancient History from Coins (London, 1995)
N. Morley
Trade in Classical Antiquity (Cambridge, 2007)
W. Scheidel and S. von Reden ed., The Ancient Economy Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World
(Edinburgh, 2002)
W. Scheidel, I. Morris, R. Saller eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World
(Cambridge, 2007)
C.R.Whittaker ed., Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge Philological Society Supp.
Vol. 14, (1988)
Greece
P. Cartledge

The economy (economies) of ancient Greece, Dialogos 5 (1998), 424, (reprinted in

Scheidel and von Reden above)

M.M.Austin & P. Vidal-Naquet Economic and Social History of Greece: An Introduction

(London, 1988)
R. Osborne
Classical Landscape with Figures. The Ancient Greek City and its countryside
(London, 1987)
P. Cartledge, E.E. Cohen, L. Foxhall ed. Money, Labour and Land: Approaches to the economics of
ancient Greece. London, 2002.
M.I. Finley
Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (London, 1981)
S. von Reden Exchange in ancient Greece (London, 1995)
P. Millett
Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens (1991)
E.E. Cohen
Athenian Economy and Society: A Banking Perspective (1992)
G.E.M. de Ste. Croix The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World London (corrected ed.) (London,
1983)
T.W. Gallant Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: reconstructing the rural domestic economy
(Cambridge, 1993),
C.M. Reed
Maritime Traders in the Ancient Greek World (Cambridge 2003)
R.J. Hopper
Trade and Industry in Classical Greece (London, 1979)
Rome
G. Barker & J. Lloyd, eds. Roman Landscapes: Archaeological Survey in the Mediterranean
Region. (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome No.2: 1991)
J. DArms
Commerce and Social Standing in ancient Rome (Cambridge, Mass., 1981)
R.P. Duncan-Jones Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (Cambridge, 1990)
----------------------, Money and Government in the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 1994)
P. Garnsey & R. Saller The Roman Empire: economy, society and culture (London, 1987)
P. Garnsey (ed. W. Scheidel) Cities, Peasants and Food (Cambridge, 1998)
K. Greene
The Archaeology of the Roman Economy (London, 1986)
K. Hopkins
Taxes and Trade in the Roman Empire (200 B.C.A.D. 400), J. of Roman
Studies 70 (1980) 101-125
K. Hopkins
Rome, taxes, rents and trade, Kodai 6/7 (19951996), 4175 (reprinted in Scheidel
and von Reden above).
C. Howgego The supply and use of money in the Roman world, J. of Roman Studies 82 (1992) 131
W. Jongman The Economy and Society of Pompeii (Amsterdam, 1988)
L. de Ligt
Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire (Amsterdam, 1993)
N. Morley
Metropolis and hinterland: the city of Rome and the Italian economy 200 BC - AD 200
(Cambridge, 1996)
R. Osborne ed. Poverty in the Roman World (Cambridge, 2006)
W. Scheidel (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy (Cambridge, 2012)
P. Temkin
The Roman Market Economy (Princeton, 2013)
C.R. Whittaker Trade and the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire, Opus 4 (1985) 127; also in his
Land City and Trade in the Roman Empire (Aldershot 1993)
B5.
Religion
a) Sourcebooks
E. Kearns,
Ancient Greek Religion (Oxford, 2010)
V. Warrior,
Roman Religion (Newburyport, 2002)
Greece
J. Bremmer

Greek Religion. Greece and Rome New Surveys in the Classics no. 24 (Oxford,
1999).
S.R.F. Price
Religions of the Ancient Greeks (Cambridge, 1999)
P. Easterling and J. Muir eds., Greek Religion and Society (Cambridge, 1985)
L. Bruit Zaidman and P. Schmitt Pantel Religion in the Ancient Greek City (Cambridge, 1992).
R. Buxton ed., Oxford Readings in Greek Religion (Oxford, 2000)
R.C.T. Parker Athenian Religion: a history (Oxford, 1996).

R.C.T. Parker Polytheism and Society at Athens (Oxford, 2005)

D. Ogden ed. A Compantion to Greek Religion. (Oxford, 2007)
E.Eidinow
Oracles, curses and risk among the Ancient Greeks (Oxford, 2007)
S. Alcock and R. Osborne eds., Placing the Gods. Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece
(Oxford, 1994)
W. Burkert Greek Religion (Oxford, 1985)
M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant eds., The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks (Chicago, 1989)
R.C.T. Parker Miasma. Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion (Oxford, 1983).
F. de Polignac Cults, Territory and the Origins of the Greek City-State (Chicago, 1995)
J. Kindt,
Rethinking Greek Religion (Cambridge, 2012)
Rome
(SEE ALSO BELOW C11)
C. Ando ed.
Roman Religion (Edinburgh, 2003)
M. Beard, J. North, S. Price Religions of Rome 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1998)
D.C. Feeney Literature and Religion at Rome: Cultures, Contexts and Beliefs (Cambridge 1998)
M. Beard & J. North eds., Pagan Priests (London, 1990)
E. Bispham and C. Smith eds., Religion in Archaic and Republican Rome and Italy (Edinburgh, 2001)
K. Hopkins
Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978), 197242
J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz Continuity and Change in Roman Religion (Oxford, 1979)
E. Orlin,
Temples, Religion and Politics in the Roman Republic (Leiden, 1996)
E. Orlin,
Foreign Cults at Rome: Creating a Roman Empire (Oxford, 2010)
S.R.F. Price
Rituals and Power: the Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge 1988)
J. Rives
Religion in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 2007)
J. Rpke
Religion of the Romans, trans. R. Gordon (Cambridge, 2007)
J. Rpke ed.
A Companion to Roman Religion (Oxford, 2007)
I.S. Ryberg
Rites of the State Religion in Roman Art Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome
23 (1955)
J. Scheid
An introduction to Roman Religion (Edinburgh, 2003)
C.E. Schultz, Womens Religious Activity in the Roman Republic (Chapel Hill, 2006)
C.E. Schultz and P.B. Harvey (eds.), Religion in Republican Italy (Cambridge, 2006)
H.H. Scullard Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (London, 1981)
B6

Warfare

General
H. Sidebottom Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2004)
J.E. Lendon
Soldiers and Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity (New Haven, 2005)
Y. Garlan
War in the Ancient World: a Social History (London, 1975)
K. Raaflaub & N. Rosenstein eds War & Society in the Ancient & Medieval Worlds (Cambridge, MA
1999)
P. Sabin, H. van Wees, and M. Whitby eds. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, 2
vols. (Cambridge, 2007)
Greece
H. van Wees Greek Warfare: myths and realities (London, 2004)
V.D. Hanson The Western Way of War (Oxford, 1989)
J. Rich & G. Shipley ed,. War and Society in the Greek World (London, 1993)
H. van Wees ed., War and Violence in Ancient Greece (London, 2000)
W.K. Pritchett The Greek State at War 5 vols. (Berkeley, 197191)
P. Hunt
Slaves, Warfare and Ideology in the Greek Historians (Cambridge, 1998)
I.G. Spence
The Cavalry of Classical Greece (Oxford, 1993)
J.S. Morrison, J.F. Coates, and B. Rankov The Athenian Trireme (Cambridge, 2002)
V. Gabrielsen Financing the Athenians Fleet (Baltimore, 1994)
A. Chaniotis, War in the Hellenistic World (Oxford, 2005)

Rome
P.A. Brunt
L. De Ligt,

Italian Manpower 225 B.C.A.D. 14 (Oxford, 1971)

Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy
225BC-AD 100 (Cambridge, 2012)
P. Erdkamp, A Companion to the Roman Army (Oxford, 2007)
A. Goldsworthy The Roman Army at War 100 BCAD 200 (Oxford, 1996)
J. Henderson Fighting for Rome (Cambridge, 1998)
L. Keppie
The Making of the Roman Army: from Republic to Empire, 2nd edn. (London, 1998)
J. McCall
The Cavalry of the Roman Republic (London, 2002)
J. Rich and G. Shipley ed., War and Society in the Roman World (London, 1993)
N. Rosenstein Imperatores Victi: Military defeat and aristocratic competition in the middle and late
Republic (Berkeley, 1990)
N. Rosenstein, Rome at War: Farms, Family and Death in the Middle Republic (Chapel Hill, 2004)
P. Sabin, The Face of Roman Battle, JRS 90 (2000) 117
C.

ROMAN HISTORY

C1
General and Introductory
a) Sourcebooks
N. Lewis & M. Reinhold Roman Civilisation: Selected Readings I: The Republic and the Augustan
Age 3rd edn. (New York, 1990)
-------------------------, Roman Civilisation: Selected Readings II: The Empire 3rd edn. (New York,
1990)
b) Monographs and papers
G.D. Woolf ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Roman World (Cambridge, 2003)
H.I. Flower ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2004)
N. Rosenstein and R. Morstein-Marx eds. A Companion to the Roman Republic (Oxford, 2006)
T.J. Cornell & J.F. Matthews Atlas of the Roman World (Oxford, 1982)
P. Jones & K. Sidwell The World of Rome (Cambridge 1997)
C2.
Early Rome
P.A. Brunt
Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic (London, 1971)
Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol. 7.2 The Rise of Rome to 220 BC (ed. F. Walbank et al.)
(Cambridge, 1990)
T.J. Cornell
The Beginnings of Rome (London, 1995)
E. Curti, E. Dench, J.R. Patterson The archaeology of central and southern Roman Italy: recent trends
and approaches, J. of Roman Studies (1996) 170-189
E. Dench
From Barbarians to New men: Greek, Roman and Modern Perceptions of
Peoples from the Central Apennines (Oxford, 1995)
R.R. Holloway Archaeology of archaic Rome and Latium (London, 1994)
G.B. Miles
Livy: Reconstructing Ancient Rome (Ithaca, 1995)
S.P. Oakley
A Commentary on Livy books 6-10 (esp. intro to book 6) (Oxford, 1997)
K. Raaflaub ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Struggle of the Orders, 2nd
edn. (Oxford, 2005)
C.J. Smith
Early Rome and Latium: economy & society (Oxford, 1996)
T.P. Wiseman Remus (Cambridge,1995)
C3.
Roman Republican Constitution
J.R. Patterson Political Life in the City of Rome (Bristol, 1999)
M. Beard & M. Crawford Rome in the Late Republic: Problems and Interpretations, 2nd edn. (London,
1999)
H. Flower,
Roman Republics (Princeton, 2010)
A.W.Lintott
The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1999)
M. Crawford The Roman Republic 2nd ed., Fontana History of the Ancient World (London, 1992)

K. Hopkins
Death and Renewal (Cambridge 1983)
L.A. Burckhardt The political elite of the Roman Republic, comments on recent discussion of the
concepts nobilitas and homo novus, Historia 39 (1990), 7999.
A.W.Lintott
Violence in Republican Rome (Oxford, 1968), 2nd edition, (Oxford 1999)
--------------,
Electoral Bribery in the Roman Republic, J. of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 116
W. Nippel
Public Order in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 1995)
J.A. North
Democratic Politics in Republican Rome, Past & Present 126 (1990) 3-21, reprinted
in R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambrdige, 2004)
F. Millar
The Political Character of the Classical Roman Republic, 200-151 B.C., J. of Roman
Studies (1984) 119, reprinted in F. Millar The Roman Republic and the Augustan
Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2002)
----------,
Politics, Persuasion and the People before the Social War (150-90 B.C.), J. of
Roman Studies 76 (1986) 111
----------,
The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic (Ann Arbor 1998)
W.V. Harris
On defining the political culture of the Roman Republic, Classical Philology 85
(1990) 28894
R. Morstein-Marx Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2004)
H. Mouritsen Plebs and Politics in the late Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2001).
A. Yakobson Elections and electioneering in Rome: a study of the political system of the late
Republic (Stuttgart 1999).
C4.
a)
C. Champion,
A. Erskine,
R. Sherk

Roman Imperialism
Sourcebooks
Roman Imperialism: Readings and Sources (Oxford, 2004)
Roman Imperialism (Edinburgh, 2010)
Rome and the Greek East to the death of Augustus (Cambridge, 1984)

b)
Monographs and papers
Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol. 8 Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. (ed. A. Astin et
al.) (Cambridge, 1990)
J.A. North
The development of Roman Imperialism, J. of Roman Studies 71 (1981) 19
W.V. Harris
War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327-70 B.C. , 2nd ed., (Oxford, 1985) with
A.N. Sherwin-White, J. of Roman Studies 70 (1980) 17781
W.V. Harris ed..The Imperialism of Mid-Republican Rome Papers and Monographs of the American
Academy in Rome 29, 1984
A. Eckstein
Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War and the Rise of Rome (Berkeley, 2006)
A. Eckstein
Rome Enters the Greek East (Oxford, 2007)
K.J. Hlkeskamp Conquest, competition and consensus: Roman expansion in Italy and the rise of the
nobilitas, Historia 42 (1993) 1239.
A.W. Lintott Imperial expansion and moral decline in the Roman Empire, Historia 21 (1972),
626-38.
J. Rich ,
Fear, greed and glory: the causes of Roman war-making in the middle Republic, in
J. Rich and G. Shipley (ed.), War and Society in the Roman World (London, 1995)
38-68
J.S. Richardson Hispaniae. Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism 218-82 B.C.
(Cambridge, 1986)
J.S. Richardson, The Language of Empire (Cambridge, 2008)
N.S. Rosenstein War, Failure and Aristocratic Competition, Classical Philology 85 (1990) 25565
P.A. Brunt
Laus imperii, in P.D.A. Garnsey & C.R. Whittaker ed., Imperialism in the Ancient
World (1978), (reprinted in his Roman Imperial Themes Oxford, 1990, ch.14)
H. Flower
Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture, (Oxford, 1996)
M. Beard
The Roman Triumph (Cambridge, Mass. 2007)
M. Lavan,
Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 2013)
C5.

Fall of the Roman Republic

a)
Sourcebooks
D.L. Stockton ed., From the Gracchi to Sulla. Sources for Roman History, 13380 B.C. LACTOR 13
b)
P.A. Brunt

Monographs and papers

The Roman Mob, in M.I. Finley ed. Studies in Ancient Society (London, 1974) ch. 4
(= Past & Present 35 (1966) 327)
P.A. Brunt
Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic Ancient Culture and Society (London, 1971)
P.A. Brunt
The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford, 1988)
T.P. Wiseman ed., Roman Political Life 90 B.CA.D. 69 (Exeter Studies in History 7, 1985)
H. Flower,
Roman Republics (Princeton, 2010)
C. Steel,
End of the Republic 146-44 BC: Conquest and Crisis (Edinburgh, 2013)
K. Hopkins
Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978)
R. Seager
Pompey: A Political Biography (Oxford, 1979)
----------- ed., Crisis of the Roman Republic: Studies in Political and Social History (Cambridge,
1969)
Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol.IX The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 14643 B.C. (ed.
J.A. Crook,A. Lintott, E. Rawson) (Cambridge, 1994)
A.N. Sherwin-White The lex repetundarum and the political ideas of Gaius Gracchus, J. of Roman
Studies 72 (1982) 1831
E. Badian
Tiberius Gracchus and the beginning of the Roman revolution, ANRW I.1 (Berlin,
1972), 668-731.
J. Briscoe
Supporters and opponents of Ti. Gracchus, J. of Roman Studies 64 (1974) 125135
C. Meier
Caesar. A Biography, trans. D. McLintock (New York, 1982), 349-62
E. S. Gruen
The Last Generation of the Roman Republic (Berkeley, 1974) (reprinted 1995)
P.J. Vanderbroeck Popular Leadership and Collective Behaviour in the late Roman Republic (ca. 80
50 B.C.) Dutch Monographs on Ancient History and Archaeology 3, (Amsterdam
1987)
C6.
Augustus
a)
Sourcebooks
M.G.L. Cooley ed. The Age of Augustus (LACTOR 17).
J.B. Lott, Death and Dynasty in Early Imperial Rome: Key Sources with Text, Translation and
Commentary (Cambridge, 2012)
b)
Monographs and papers
A. Wallace-Hadrill Augustan Rome (Bristol, 1993)
Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed. Vol X The Augustan Empire, 43 BCAD 69 (ed. A.K. Bowman,
E. Champlin, A. Lintott) (Cambridge, 1996) ch. 23.
R. Syme
The Roman Revolution, (Oxford, 1939)
P. Zanker
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus trans. A. Shapiro (Ann, Arbor, 1988)
F. Millar and E. Segal eds.., Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects corr. ed., (Oxford, 1990)
F. Millar
The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2002) Part III
P.A. Brunt
The role of the Senate in the Augustan regime, Classical Q 34 (1984) 42344.
J. Elsner
Cult and Sculpture: Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae, J. of Roman Studies 81
(1991) 5061
-----------,
Inventing imperium: texts and the propaganda of monuments in Augustan Rome in
J. Elsner ed., Art and Text in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 1996) 3253.
D. Favro
The urban image of Augustan Rome (Cambridge, 1996)
K. Galinsky
Augustan culture: an interpretive introduction (Princeton, 1996)
K. Galinsky ed., Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge, 2005)
A. Powell ed., Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus (Bristol Classical Press, 1992)

B. Levick,
Augustus: Image and Substance (London, 2010)
J. Edmondson (ed.), Augustus (Edinburgh, 2009)
J. Richardson, Augustan Rome: 44 BC- AD 14 (Edinburgh, 2012)

K.A. Raaflaub and M. Toher ed., Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and his
Principate (1990)
J. Osgood
Caesars Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire (Cambridge,
2006
C7.
Roman Society
a)
Sourcebooks
J. Gardner & T. Wiedemann eds The Roman Household. A Sourcebook (London, 1991)
T. Parkin and A. Pomeroy (eds.), Roman Social History: A Source Book (London, 2007)
b)
P. Veyne ed.,

Monographs and papers

A History of Private Life I: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium trans. A. Goldhammer,
(Cambridge, Mass. 1987)
F. Dupont
Daily Life in Ancient Rome trans. C. Woodall, (Oxford, 1993)
M. Peachin (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World (Oxford,
2011)
A. Giardina ed., The Romans, trans. L.G. Cochrane, (Chicago, 1989)
C. Nicolet
The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome trans. P.S. Falla, (London, 1980)
C. Edwards and G. Woolf ed., Rome the Cosmopolis (Cambridge, 2003).
C. Edwards
The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 1993)
J.R. Patterson The City of Rome: from Republic to Empire, J. of Roman Studies 82 (1992) 186
215
C. Edwards
Writing Rome. Textual Approaches to the City (Cambridge, 1996)
K. Hopkins
Death and Renewal (Cambridge, 1983)
P. Plass
The Game of Death in Ancient Rome: Arena Sport and Political Suicide (1995)
J.P. Toner
Leisure and Ancient Rome (London, 1995)
D.S. Potter & D. Mattingly Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire (Ann Arbor, 1998)
R. Saller
Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family (Cambridge, 1994)
C8.
Tacitus
R. Ash,
Tacitus (Bristol, 2006)
R. Martin
Tacitus (London, 1981)
R. Mellor
Tacitus (New York, 1993)
E. O'Gorman Irony and misreading in the Annals of Tacitus (Cambridge, 1996)
A.J. Woodman Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (Croom Helm, London, 1988)
A.J. Woodman Tacitus Revisited (Oxford, 1998)
A.J. Woodman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Tacitus (Cambridge, 2009)
P. Plass
Wit and the Writing of History: The Rhetoric of Historiography in Imperial Rome,
(Madison 1988)
C. J. Classen Tacitus Historian between Republic and Principate, Mnemosyne 41 (1988) 93-116
J. Henderson Tacitus/The World in Pieces, Ramus 18 (1989) 167210
E. Keitel
Principate and Civil War in the Annals of Tacitus, American J. of Philology 105
(1984) 30625
T.J. Luce
Tacitus Conception of Historical Change: The Problem of Discovering the
Historians Opinions, in I.S. Moxon, J.D. Smart and A.J. Woodman eds., Past
Perspectives: Studies in Greek and Roman Historical Writing (Cambridge, 1986)
14357
B. Williams
Reading Tacitus Tiberian Annals, Ramus (1989) 140-66
C9.
The Emperor in the Roman World
P. Garnsey & R. Saller The Early Principate: Augustus to Trajan Greece & Rome New Surveys in the
Classics 15, (Oxford, 1982)
-------------------------, The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture (London, 1978)
J.E. Lendon
Empire of Honour: the Art of Government in the Roman World (Oxford, 1997)

F. Millar

The Emperor in the Roman World: 31 B.CA.D. 337 2nd ed., (London, 1992) with K.
Hopkins, Rules of Evidence, J. of Roman Studies 68 (1978) 17886
F. Millar
Government, Society and Culture in the Roman Empire (Chapel Hill, 2004) Part I
C.F. Norea
Imperial ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power (Cambridge,
2011)
J. Paterson
Friends in high places: the creation of the court of the Roman emperor, in A.J.
Spawforth (ed.), The Court and Court Society in Ancient Monarchies (Cambridge,
1997), 12156.
M. Roller
Constructing Autocracy: Aristocrats and Emperors in Julio-Claudian Rome
(Princeton, 2001)
P. Veyne
Bread and Circuses: Historical Sociology and Political Pluralism trans. B. Pierce, ed.
O. Murray (Harmondsworth, 1992)
A. Wallace-Hadrill Suetonius: The Scholar and his Caesars (London, 1983)
--------------------- ed., Patronage in Ancient Society (London, 1989)
---------------------, The Emperor and his Virtues, Historia 30 (1981) 298319
C10.
a)
B. Levick
R.K. Sherk

Roman Provincial Administration

Sourcebooks
The Government of the Roman Empire: A Sourcebook (London, 1985)
The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian Translated Documents of Greece and Rome
6 (Cambridge, 1988)

b) Monographs and papers

P. Garnsey & R. Saller The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture, (London 1987)
P. Garnsey & C.R. Whittaker ed., Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1978) esp. chapters
by Garnsey & Nutton
A. Lintott
Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration (London, 1993)
D. Braund ed., Administration of the Roman Empire (241 B.C.A.D. 193) Exeter Studies in History
18, (1988)
P.A. Brunt
Charges of Provincial Maladministration under the Early Principate, Historia 10
(1961) 189227 (reprinted in Roman Imperial Themes (Oxford, 1990) ch.4)
G.P. Burton
Proconsuls, Assizes and the Administration of Justice under the Empire, J. of Roman
Studies 65 (1975)
R. MacMullen Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest and Alienation in the Empire (1966;
reprinted London, 1992)
F. Millar
The Emperor, the Senate and the Provinces, J. of Roman Studies 56 (1966) pp.15666 reprinted in F. Millar, The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution (Chapel
Hill, 2002) Part III
---------- et.al., The Roman Empire and its Neighbours 2nd ed., (London, 1981)
----------,
Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status, J. of Roman
Studies 73 (1983) 7696, reprinted in F. Millar, Government, Society and Culture in
the Roman Empire (Chapel Hill, 2004)
G. Woolf
Becoming Roman: The origins of Provincial Civilisation in Gaul (Cambridge, 1998)
C11.
R. Gordon
I. Gradel
S. Price
---------,
---------,

Imperial cult (SEE ALSO ABOVE B5)

The veil of power: Emperors, sacrificers and benefactors in M Beard and J North
eds., Pagan Priests (London, 1990), 199232
Emperor Worship and Roman Religion (Oxford, 2002)
Between Man and God: Sacrifice in the Roman Imperial Cult, J. of Roman Studies
70 (1980) 2843
From noble funerals to divine cult: the consecration of Roman emperors, in D.
Cannadine & S. Price ed., Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional
Societies (1987) 56105
Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge, 1984)

J. North
J.R. Fears
D. Fishwick
R.R.R. Smith
A. Small ed.,

Religion and Politics: from Republic to Principate, J. of Roman Studies 76 (1986)

2518
Princeps a diis electus: The Divine Election of the Emperor as a Political Concept at
Rome, Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome 26, 1977
The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western
Provinces of the Roman Empire. tudes prliminaries aux religions orientales dans
l'Empire romain 108, vols. I. 12
The imperial Reliefs from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias, J. of Roman Studies 77
(1987) 88138
Subject & Ruler: the Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity (Ann Arbor,
1996)