Gosingco, Cres Carl

CE411BL Wed (5:00-8:00PM)

Group No. 4

Rating:
Date Submitted: October 8, 2016
Engr. Vita Luib
EXPERIMENT NO. 5

DETERMINATION OF LOSSES IN PIPE BENDS AND FITTINGS

Objective

Equipment and Apparatus

III.

To determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipefittings including
bends, a contraction, an enlargement and a gate-valve.

Hydraulics Bench
The F1-22 Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings Apparatus
Stopwatch
Clamps for pressure tapping connection tubes
Thermometer

Theory

The F1-22 Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings Apparatus consists of pipe in vertical
position with fittings and bends. In the pipe run are the long bend, area enlargement, area
reduction, short bend, elbow bend, gate valve fitting and the mitre bend. Fitted into the pipe run
before and after each fitting are manometer tappings. In between the pipes is the vertical panel
with manometer tubes which can be connected by means of a flexible rubber tubing to the
manometer tappings on both sides on the fittings, the manometer can be pressurized by the use of
the cycle tyre type air pump supplied with the apparatus. The apparatus is designed for use with
the Cussons Hydraulics Bench. Below is the schematic diagram of the apparatus.

IV.

Schematic View of the Apparatus

Experimental Procedure

Measurements to be made
The following information is essential for analysis.

Data and Results

Pipe Fitting Trial No
Long Bend

1
2
3
Enlargment 1
2
3
Area
1
Reduction 2
3
Short Bend 1
2
3
Elbow
1
Bend
2
3
Mitre Bend 1
2
3
Pipe Fitting

Trial No

Long Bend

1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1

Enlargement
Area
Reduction
Short Bend
Elbow Bend
Mitre Bend

Vol.
Collected
(cu.m)
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750
0.000825
0.000725
0.000750

Time to
Collect
(sec)
6.0
3.32
3.10
6.0
3.32
3.10
6.0
3.32
3.10
6.0
3.32
3.10
6.0
3.32
3.10
6.0
3.32
3.10

Flow Rate
m3/s

Velocity
m/s

0.001375
0.000218
0.000242
0.001375
0.000218
0.000242
0.001375
0.000218
0.000242
0.001375
0.000218
0.000242
0.001375
0.000218
0.000242
0.001375
0.000218
0.000242

4.56
0.723
0.802
4.56
0.723
0.802
4.56
0.723
0.802
4.56
0.723
0.802
4.56
0.723
0.802
4.56
0.723
0.802

Manometer Reading
Before
After
Fitting(h1)(mm) Fitting(h2)
(mm)
275
270
80
60
85
165
270
285
60
85
160
95
280
296
15
50
50
120
300
345
85
100
200
230
352
335
110
150
165
310
375
395

Dynamic
Head
((V^2)/2g)
1.06
0.0266
0.0409
1.06
0.0266
0.0409
1.06
0.0266
0.0409
1.06
0.0266
0.0409
1.06
0.0266
0.0409
1.06
0.0266
0.0409

Head Loss
(m)

Loss
Coefficient
(K)

0.005
0.02
-0.08
-0.015
-0.025
0.065
-0.016
-0.035
-0.07
-0.045
-0.015
-0.030
0.017
-0.040
-0.145
-0.02

0.00472
0.752
-1.956
-0.0141
-0.940
1.589
-0.0151
-1.316
-1.711
-0.0425
-0.564
-0.733
0.016
-1.504
-3.765
-0.0189

2
3

170
345

Tria Volume Time

l
Collecte to
No d (m3)
Colle
ct
(sec)
1
0.00061 5.1
2

0.00037

3.25

0.00023

1.47

Flow
Rate,
m^3/s

220
430
Pressur Pressure
e
(1 bar
Readin 1.45 psi)
g (psi)

0.00011 9
0
0.00011 9
4
0.00015 9
6

-0.05
-0.085
Velocit
y (m/s)

620689.6 0.2457
6
620689.6 0.2319
6
620689.6 0.3187
6

Sample Computations
Trial 1
Long Bend
Flow Rate (Q1) =

= 0.

Enlargement
Flow Rate (Q1) = 0.

Flow Rates for the first trial in all pipes are equal.

Trial 2
Note: Flow Rates for the second trial in all pipes are equal.
Flow Rate (Q2) =

= 0.

Trial 3
Note: Flow Rates for the third trial in all pipes are equal.
Flow Rate (Q3) =

= 0.

Note: Velocities for all pipes in trial 1 are equal.

Velocity (V1) =

-1.879
-2.078

Dynami Hea Loss

c Head d
Coefficie
V2/2g
Loss nt K
(m)
0.2912
0.2638
0.4983

0.01
6
0.01
6
0.01
3

0.76
1.14
0.72

V1 = 0.2200
Note: Dynamic head for all pipes in trial 1 are equal.
DH = = = 0.00247
HL= (1- )2 = ()2 = 0.005m
Note: Velocities for all pipes in trial 2 are equal.
Velocity (V2) =
V2 = 0.2697
Note: Dynamic head for all pipes in trial 2 are equal.
DH = = = 0.00371
HL= (1- )2 = ()2 = 0.004m
Note: Velocities for all pipes in trial 3 are equal.
Velocity (V3) =
V3 = 0.2657
Note: Dynamic head for all pipes in trial 3 are equal.
DH = = = 0.00360
HL= (1- )2 = ()2 = 0.006m

Graph

Discussion of Results
For this experiment, we are using bend and elbows pipe to investigate the head losing the pipe.
Bends and elbows pipe contribute to minor loss in the head loss. The losses in the bends and
elbows are caused by the flow separation on the inner side of the pipes.
Conclusion
The percentage error also is very small about 1% error which is acceptable. We also managed to
observe the effect of bends and elbows pipe to the flow of fluid