General physics 1

Lecturer: Dr. Makmur Sirait, M.Pd

Momentum, Impulse, and Collision

Compiled By Group 1:

Zulfan
Putri Indah Lestari
Kiki Ambarwaty
MeidyAdelina
Cut Fadza

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(4163312022)
(4163312014)
(4163312017)
(4163312006)

Bilingual Mathematics Education 2016

MATHEMATICS DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
FOREWORD

With utter gratitude the presence of God who has given his grace and guidance to the author
so that the paper titled "Momentum, Impulse and collusion" can be completed on time. The
author would like to thank Mr. Dr. Makmur Sirait, M.Pd as a lecturer in General Physics1
who has guided the author after the completion of this paper.
This paper contains about the sense of momentum, momentum and impulse relationship,
the law of conservation of momentum, collisions, momentum legal applications in everyday
life, as well as examples of problems related to the momentum. The author expects this paper
can be useful and can be accepted by the reader happy. The author realizes that this paper still
many shortcomings that the authors expect criticism and suggestions for the perfection of the
readers of this paper. Thanks hopefully this paper can be useful.
Medan, 5 October 2016

The Author

Table of Contents

Foreword

Table of Contents

ii

Chapter I: Introducing 1
Issue Background 1.1
Identifications Problems

1.2

Purpose of Writing Paper

1.3

Chapter II: Discussions

Momentum 2.1
Impulse

2.2

The Relationship Between Momentum and Impulse

Momentum Conservation Law
Collision

2.4

Definition of Collision
Kind of Collision

Chapter III: Closing

Knot 3.1
Advice

Reference

3.2
iii

2.42

2.41

2.31

2.3

CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCING
1.1 Issue Background
Before we know the background discussion Impulse, Linear Momentum and Collisions
then we must first understand what is meant by Impulse, Linear Momentum and Collisions.
Impulse is a vector quantity whose direction parallel to the direction of the force and causes
changes in momentum and Linear Momentum is momentum possessed objects moving on a
straight path. And the collision is the meeting of two objects moving relative. In any kind of
collision apply the law of conservation of momentum, but not always apply the law of
conservation of mechanical energy.
Have witnessed a collision between two vehicles on the road? What happens when two
vehicles collided? Condition of the car or motorcycle may fall apart. If we review from
physics, fatal or not the collision between the two vehicles is determined by the momentum
of the vehicle. In physics there are two types of momentum the linear momentum and
angular momentum.
1.2 Identifications Problem
In accordance with the issue background, then the problem can be identified as follows:
1. What definition of momentum?
2. What definition of impulse?
3. What definition of collisions?
4. Any incidents in daily life associated with momentum, impulse and collision?
5. How do I solve the problem of momentum, impulse and collisions?

1.3 Purpose of Writing Paper

1. To know the definition of momentum.
2. To know the definition of impulse.
3. To know the definition of collision.
4. Understand how to resolve issues related to momentum, impulse and collision.
5. Understanding the events related to the momentum, impulse and collision.

CHAPTER II:
DISCUSSION
2.1 Momentum
In physics, momentum is related to the quantity of motion possessed by a moving object.
In this case, momentum is defined as multiplication product of mass and velocity of the
object. Thus, mathematically momentum can be determined as follows:
p=mx
v

Where:

m = mass ( kg )
p = momentum ( kg m/s )
v = velocity of body ( m/s)
Since velocity is a vector quantity, while mass is scalar quantity, then momentum is a
vector quantity. Thus, momentum has a value and direction. For example 5 kg bowling ball
moves to the west at velocity of 2m/s. Therefore, to express the momentum of the bowling
ball, it is not enough to merely express that the ball has momentum of 10 g m/s, but its
direction needs to be expressed too. In this case, the bowling ball has a momentum of 10 kg
m/s, westward.
According to definition of momentum, it is obvious that an object has large momentum if
either its mass or its velocity is large. For example, a car and a bicycle move down the
street at the same velocity. Since the mass of the car is larger than that of the bicycle, the
car has a larger momentum than the bicycle, therefore an object a rest has no momentum ( p

= 0).
Simple Problem 1
1. Determine the momentum from the data given below.
a. A car of 1000 kg in mass moves northward at a velocity of 30 m/s.
b. A child of 40 kg in mass runs southward at velocity of 5 m/s
c. A person of 50 kg in mass drives a 1000 kg motorcycle at a velocity of 20
m/s eastward.
Solution:
a.

p = m v = 1000 kg 30 m/s = 30.000 kg m/s.

Thus, the momentum of a car is 30,000 kg m/s northward.

b.
p = m v = 40 kg 5 m/s = 200 kg m/s.
Thus, the momentum of child is 200 kg m/s southward.
person+ mmotorcycle
m
c.
p=
v

= ( 15 kg+100 kg ) 20 m/s
= 150 kg

20 m/s

= 3000 kg m/s

2. A bus of 2000 kg in mass moves at a velocity of 72 km/hour. Calculate the

magnitude of momentum of the bus!
3. Solution:
4. Because
5. m = 2000 kg
6. v = 72 km/jam =

72.000
3.600

= 20 m/s

7. Then the momentum of bus is

8. p = m v = (200 kg) x 20 m/s = 40.000 kg m/s.
9. Thus, the magnitude of momentum of the bus is 40,000 kg m/s
10.
11.
2.2 Impulse
12. The magnitude of impulse can be determined as the multiplication product of force
and the time interval of the force acting upon the object. Mathematically, impulse can be
written as follows:
13.
14.
I=F
15.

Where:

16.

I = impulse (N s)
F = force (N)
t = time interval (s)

17.
18.
19.

2.3 The Relation Between Momentum and Impulse

20.
If a force (F) works upon an object with a mass of m at certain time interval so
that the velocity of the object changes, then the momentum of the object will change. In
this case, according to Newtons second law and the definition of acceleration, then the
following equation is obtained:
21.
22.

F=ma
F=m
24.
v
t
25. If both parts of the above equation are multiplied by t , then equation becomes:
23.

26.
F t = m v
2 v 1
27. From the above equation,
F t ( vis2 v
called
impulse
and
m
is called change

t
v
1)
F
=m
2 mv 1
of momentum. Thus, we found:

t
F
=m
v
28.
29.
30.
31.

I =

2 p1
p

32.

33.
34.
From the above equation, it is clear that impulse acting upon an object is equal
to the change of momentum possessed by the object. In other words, impulse is defined as
the change of momentum possessed by an object.
35.
36.
Simple Problem 2
37.
1. An object of 1 kg in mass is a rest, then it is hit by a force F so that it moves at
velocity of 8 m/s. If the hitter touches the body for 0.02 second, determine :
a. The change of momentum of the body, and
b. The magnitude of force F acting upon the body.
38.
39. Solution:
a.
The change of momentum
2 mv 1
40. p = m
v
= (1 kg) (8m/s) (1kg) (0 m/s )
= 8 kg m/s.
b.
The magnitude of force F
2 mv 1
43. F t
=m
v
41.
42.

44. F(0,02 s) = 8 kg m/s

8

45. F 0,02
N = 400 N
46.
47.
48.

2.31 Momentum Conservation Law

49. In the X grade we have studied about Newtons third law. This law states that
if the first object exerts a force (does action) on the second object, then there is a
reaction force from the second object to the first one in same magnitude but
apposite . Mathematically, Newtons third law can be expressed as follows:
50.
51.
Faction =
52.
53. The negative sign indicates that both forces are in opposite direction. When
two objects collide, based on Newtons third law, then both objects will experience
force that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Suppose in a billiard
game, the ball number 6 collides with the ball number 8 that is at rest. When the ball
number 6 collides with the ball number 8, it would give a force to the ball number 8,
and the ball number 8 would give reaction force to the ball number 6.
54. The ball number 6 that moves rightward experiences a leftward force that
slows it down, whereas the ball number 8 experience a right ward force that speeds
it up. It can be said that both ball experience the same force with opposite direction.

55. If two objects each of which having a mass of

velocity of objects
of

m1

v1 '

v2 '

and

that is used to hit

m2

m1

m2

and

after collision. Meanwhile

and

F21

is the force of

m2

collide initial

F12

is the force

to hit

m1

, so

according to Newtons third law:

56.

F12

57.
58.

59. If the collision occurs in a certain time interval which means that the time the
force acting upon the first object is equal to that of acting upon the second object,
then during collision the following relation will be obtained:
60.

F12

61.

62.

63. Since impulse is equal to the change of momentum, then the above equation
can be written as follows:
64.
65.

m1 v 1

m1 v 1 '

67. m 1 v 1

m1 v 1

'

m1 v 1

m2 v 2

66.
68.
69.
70.

71.

( m2 v 2m2 v 2 ' )
'

m2 v 2 +m2 v 2
m1 v '1

+m 2 v '2

72.
73. The above equation is called momentum conservation law. In this case, the
momentum conservation law states that the total momentum of object before
collision is equal to the total momentum of object after collision.
74.
2.4 Collision
2.41 Definition of Collision
75. Collision is short-duration interaction between two bodies or more than two
bodies simultaneously causing change in motion of bodies involved due to internal
forces acted between them during this. Collisions involve forces (there is a change
in velocity). The magnitude of the velocity difference at impact is called the closing
speed. All collisions conserve momentum. What distinguishes different types of
collisions is whether they also conserve kinetic energy. Line of impact It is the line
which is common normal for surfaces are closest or in contact during impact. This is
76. the line along which internal force of collision acts during impact and
Newton's coefficient of restitution is defined only along this line. Kind of collision
is:

Perfectly elastic collision, the collision energy is not changed. The coefficient of
restitution e = 1.
Partially elastic collision, the collision which does not apply the law of conservation
of mechanical energy because there is some energy is converted into other forms,
such as heat. The coefficient of restitution 0 <e <1.
Inelastic collisions, is collisions that do not apply the law of conservation of
mechanical energy and the two bodies after the collision attached and move
together. The coefficient of restitution e = 0.
77.
2.42 Kind of Collusion
a. Perfectly Elastic Collision
78. Perfectly elastic collision occurs between atoms, nuclei, and other particles are
the size of atoms or smaller. Two objects is said to be perfect elastic collision if the
collision was no loss of kinetic energy. Thus, the total kinetic energy of the two
bodies before and after the collision is fixed. Therefore, on a perfect elastic collision
apply the law of conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of kinetic
energy. Perfectly elastic collisions only occur on a moving object only.
79.

80.
81.
Perfectly Elastic Collusion of 2 Objects
82.
83. Characteristic of perfectly elastic collusion is:
1. Speed before the collision and the same, but in the opposite direction.
2. Applicable Law of Conservation of Momentum.
3. Applicable Law of conservation of kinetic energy.
4. The coefficient of restitution e = 1.
84.

Based on the law of conservation of momentum can be written as follows:

85. m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2
86. m1v1 m1v1 = m2v2 m2v2
87. m1(v1 v1) = m (v2 v2)
88.

89.

While based on the law of conservation of kinetic energy, obtained by the

following equation:
Ek1 + Ek2 = Ek1 + Ek2
90. m1v12 + m2v22 = m1(v1)2 + m2(v2)2
91. m1((v1)2 (v1)2) = m2((v2)2 (v2)2)

92. m1(v1 + v1)(v1 v1) = m (v2 + v2)(v2 v2)

93.

If the above equation mutually substitutable, then obtained the

following equation:
94.
Where :
-(v2 v1) = v2 v1
95.
96.
V1 : velocity 1 before collusion
97.
v1 : velocity 1 after collusion
98.
v2 : velocity 2 before collusion
99.
v2 : velocity 2 after collusion
100.
101.
102. The above equation indicates that the relative speed collision perfectly elastic
objects before and after the collision remains magnitude but opposite direction.
103.
104.
b. Partially Elastic Collision
105.
Most objects in nature bump resilience in part, in which kinetic energy
is reduced during the collision. Therefore, the mechanical energy conservation laws
do not apply. The magnitude of the relative speed is also reduced by a certain factor
called the coefficient of restitution (e).

106.
107. Characteristic of partially elastic collusion is:
1. Applicable Law of Conservation of Momentum
2. The kinetic energy before and after the collision is not the same.
3. Relative velocity after the collision was reduced compared after collision 0
<e <1.
108. Mathematically speed of each object before and after the collision can be seen
on the following formula:
109.
eV + V1 = eV2 + V2
110. 1
111.
112. Because there is a high value e then bounce so high is lower than the original.
Mathematically high reflection nth collision is:
113.
2n
114. hn = ho.e
c. Inelastic Collisions
115.
In this kind of collision, the velocities of objects after the collision as
big (objects that collide sticking together). For example, the collision between the

projectile with a target where after the collision bullets incubate in the target.
Mathematically it can be written as follows:
116.
117.
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2
118.
119.
120.

121.
Collisions are not elastic at all that happens between two objects
123.
a. Application of the nature of the inelastic collisions
122.

124.

m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) v

125.

m1v1 + 0 = (m1 + m2) v

126.
127.

b. Law of conservation of mechanical energy

128.

(m1 + m2)(v)2 = (m1 + m2)gh

129.

V = 2gh
130.

131.
If the first equation substituted into the second equation, it is known:
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
2.5 Questions and Discussion
138.

1. A bekel ball falling from a height of 4 meters, and she suffered multiple reflection.
If the coefficient of restitution is 0.7, then how high the ball bekel after reflection to5?
139. Solutions:
140. Know: n = 5
141.
h0 = 4 m
142.
e = 0,7
Questions:
h
143.
5
144.
Answer:
hn = ho.e2n
145.
h5 = 4.0,710
146.
= 11,3 cm
147.
2. A 20 gram mass of bullets, fired on a beam on a swing ballistic mass of 1 kg. If the
bullet stuck on the block until they reach a maximum height of 25 cm. What is the
speed of the bullet first bullet?
148. Solutions:
149. Know: m = 20g = 0,02kg
150.
M = 1kg
151.
g = 10m/s
152.
h = 25cm = 0,25m
153. Questions: v?

154.

Answer:
mv
= (m+M) 2gh
0,02.v = (0,02+1) 2.10.0,25
0,02.v = 1,02 5
v
= (1,02+5)/0,02
v
= 162,8 m/s

155. CHAPTER III:

156. CLOSING
157.
3.1 Knot
158.
Based on the description of the discussion "Momentum, Impulse and
Collision can be concluded that:
1) Momentum is defined as multiplication product of mass and velocity of the
object.
2) The magnitude of impulse can be determined as the multiplication product of
force and the time interval of the force acting upon the object.
3) From the above equation, it is clear that impulse acting upon an object is
equal to the change of momentum possessed by the object. In other words,
impulse is defined as the change of momentum possessed by an object.
4) The total momentum of object before collision is equal to the total momentum
of object after collision.
5) Collision is short-duration interaction between two bodies or more than two
bodies simultaneously causing change in motion of bodies involved due to
internal forces acted between them during this.
6) Kind of Collisions: Perfectly elastic collision, Partially Elastic Collision,
Inelastic collisions.

159.
160.
161.
3.2 Advise
162. Wish all students bilingual mathematics education and the world of education,
always trying insights from physics, especially about momentum, impulse and
collisions because then we can understand its application in everyday life.
163.

164. REFERENCE:
http://rumushitung.com/2013/07/14/momentum-impuls-dan-tumbukanfisika/
https://physicsforus.wordpress.com/physics-2/momentum-nimpuls/collision/
http://fisikazone.com/tumbukan/
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics)
https://fisikanyaman2.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/hubungan-antaramomentum-dan-impuls/
165.