10/9/2016

CalculationWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Calculation
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Acalculationisadeliberateprocessthattransformsoneormoreinputsintooneormoreresults,withvariable
change.Thetermisusedinavarietyofsenses,fromtheverydefinitearithmeticalcalculationofusingan
algorithm,tothevagueheuristicsofcalculatingastrategyinacompetition,orcalculatingthechanceofa
successfulrelationshipbetweentwopeople.
Forexample,multiplying7by6isasimplealgorithmiccalculation.Estimatingthefairpriceforfinancial
instrumentsusingtheBlackScholesmodelisacomplexalgorithmiccalculation.
Statisticalestimationsofthelikelyelectionresultsfromopinionpollsalsoinvolvealgorithmiccalculations,but
producesrangesofpossibilitiesratherthanexactanswers.
Tocalculatemeanstoascertainbycomputing.TheEnglishwordderivesfromtheLatincalculus,which
originallymeantasmallstoneinthegallbladder(fromLatincalx).Italsomeantapebbleusedforcalculating,
orasmallstoneusedasacounterinanabacus(Latinabacus,Greekabax).Theabacuswasaninstrumentused
byGreeksandRomansforarithmeticcalculations,precedingtheslideruleandtheelectroniccalculator,and
consistedofperforatedpebblesslidingonanironbars.

Contents
1
2
3
4

Comparisontocomputation
Seealso
References
Externallinks

Comparisontocomputation
CalculatecomesfromtheGreekwordorgravelinEnglishbecauseGreeksusedgravelforcounting.
Calculationisaprerequisiteforcomputation.[1]Thedifferenceinthemeaningofcalculationandcomputation
appearstooriginatefromthelatemedievalperiod.[2]

Seealso
Abacus
Calculator
Calculus(disambiguation)
Calculability
Computation

Computation
Costaccounting
Listofalgorithms
Mathematics
Mentalcalculation

Lookupcalculationin
Wiktionary,thefree
dictionary.

References
1.http://science.jrank.org/pages/7536/CalculationComputation.html
2.http://science.jrank.org/pages/8509/CalculationComputationPremodernEarlyModernNonWestern.html

Externallinks

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculation

1/2

10/9/2016

CalculationWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

"TheLiftingoftheVeilintheOperationsofCalculation"(http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4255)isa
manuscript,fromthe18thcentury,inArabic,byIbnalBanna'alMarrakushi,aboutcalculation
processes
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calculation&oldid=735026312"
Categories: Elementaryarithmetic
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon18August2016,at05:47.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmay
apply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisaregistered
trademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculation

2/2