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1.) The maximum moment of a simply supported beam whose span length is L, in
meter, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w in N/m, is :
a. WL^2/ 2
b. WL^2 / 4
c. WL^2/8
d. wL^2/10
b. Live Load
c. Seismic Load
d. Envitl. Load
3.) It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story
above it.
a. Soft Storey b. Weak Storey
moment resisting system
c. Storey Drift
d. Ordinary
c. Diaphragm
5.) These are inert material used in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the
volume of the hardened concrete product.
a. Sand
b. Gravel
c. Debris
d. Aggregates
6.) Steel elements such as wire, cables, bars, rods or strands of wires or a bundle of
such elements used in pre-stressed concrete structures are called:
a. Hangers
b. Stirrups
c. Bundled Bars
d. Tendons
7.) What method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned before concrete is
cast in place?
a. Pre-Tensioning
stressing
b. Pre-Poisoning
c. Pre-casting
d. Pre-
8.) This refers to the substance other than aggregates, cement or water added in
small quantity normally less than 5% of the weight of the cement, to alter the
properties of the concrete mix or the hardened solid.
NSCP
9.) The minimum bend diameter for 10mm dia. through 25mm dia. Bars
a. 12db
b. 6db
c. 10db
d. 8db
b. 16mm
c. 28mm
d. 36mm
11.) Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth.
a. 50mm
b. 75mm
c. 100mm
d. 150mm
12.) In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for shear and torsion.
a. 0.70
b. 0.75
c. 0.85
d. 0.90
13.) The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is
a. L/20
b. L/24
c. L/10
d. L/28
14.) Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than
a. 0.40
b. 0.60
c. 0.70
d. 0.75
15.) Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify in
writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than ____ days before such excavation is to
be made.
a. 10 days
b. 15 days
c. 30 days
d. 45 days
16.) The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to center.
a. 75mm
b. 100mm
c. 125mm
d. 150mm
b. Essential Facilities
c. Hazardous facilities
18.) The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only.
a. L/200
b. L/240
c. L/300
d. L/360
19.) The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load
only.
a. L/200
b. L/240
c. L/300
d. L/360
20.) Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed ____ times the least
width b of compression flange or face.
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60
III. MISCELLANEOUS
21.) It is an isolated column of masonry or a bearing wall not bonded at the sides
into associated masonry, when its horizontal dimension measured the right angles
or the thickness does not exceed four times its thickness.
a. pedestal
b. pier
22.) Method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has
hardened.
a. pre-stressing
casting
b. pre-tensioning
c. post-tensioning d. pre-
b. accelerator
c. hydraulic cement
d. air-
24.) A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load
of w in N/m, produces a maximum shear force of :
a. wL/2
b. wL^2/4
c. 1/2wL^2 d. 1/8wL^2
b. piles
c. columns
d. beams
b. Column
c. Towers
d. Beams
b. seismic loads
Loads
28.) Loads that change position within the span of a beam in short amount of time.
These loads are often exemplified by wheel loads.
a. Dead loads
b. snow loads
loads
29.) It is synonym to bending stress
c. varying loads
d. Moving
a. normal stress
d. bearing stress
b. shear stress
c. flexural stress
b. shear
c. bend
d. epoxy
31.) A wall that resist horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall.
a. Bearing wall
d. dam
32.) If the ratio of the short direction to the long direction of a slab is less than 0.5,
then the slab is considered :
a. two-way slab
b. flat slab
c. ground slab
d. one-way
slab
33.) In ultimate strength design, the reduction factor for bending is:
a. 0.6
b. 0.7
c. 0.8
d. 0.9
34.) The actual strain by which the concrete falls is 0.004. For safety purposes, the ACI code
allows designers to use:
a. 0.001
b. 0.002
c. 0.003
d. 0.004
35.) The minimum clear cover allowed by the code for slabs, not exposed to weather is:
a. 20mm
b. 30mm
c. 40mm
d. 75mm
b. 20mm
c. 25mm
d. 28mm
37.) What do you call your structures that are necessary for emergency operations subsequent
to a natural disaster?
a. essential facilities b. hazardous facilities
d. standard occupancy structures
38.) It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above or
less than 80% of the average stiffness of the three stories above.
a. weak story
b. soft story
c. story drift
d. multi- story
39.) A structural system without a complete vertical load- carrying space frame.
a. shear wall system b. bearing wall system
c.
44.) which is the correct factored load for strength design method?
a. 1.4 DL + 1.7LL +1.4 EL
d. 1.4 DL + 1.7 EL
45.) It is defined as the unit strength of material
c. 1.4 DL + 1.7LL
a. Rigidity
b. Hardness
c. Stress
d. Stiffness
46.) The stress developed when the applied load causes adjacent sections within a body to
slide past each other.
a. Axial stress
b. Bearing stress
c. Shearing stress
d. Flexural Stress
b. thermal stress
c. allowable stress
d. strain
48.) The stress induced as a result of restrained deformation due to changes in temperature.
a. Rupture stress
b. thermal stress
c. yield stress
b. bending stress
c. allowable stress
d. working stress
b. allowable stress
c. rupture stress
d. strain
b. 20mm
c. 25mm
d. 28mm
52.) A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load
of w in N/m, produces a maximum shear force of :
a. wL/2
b. wL^2/4
c. 1/2wL^2 d. 1/8wL^2
53.) It is an isolated column of masonry or a bearing wall not bonded at the sides
into associated masonry, when its horizontal dimension measured the right angles
or the thickness does not exceed four times its thickness.
54.) Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth.
a. 50mm
b. 75mm
c. 100mm
d. 150mm
55.) It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the
story above it.
a. Soft Storey b. Weak Storey
moment resisting system
c. Storey Drift
d. Ordinary
b. Column
c. Towers
d. Beams
57.) Steel elements such as wire, cables, bars, rods or strands of wires or a bundle of
such elements used in pre-stressed concrete structures are called:
a. Hangers
b. Stirrups
c. Bundled Bars
d. Tendons
STEEL DESIGN
1.) The second moment of are of a rectangular section having a width of b and depth of d is:
a. bd^2/8
b. bd^2/6
c. bd^3/12
d. bd^2/12
2.) The recommended design value k-factor for both ends pin connected.
a. 0.5
b. 1.0
c. 0.7
d. 2.0
b. 1.0
c. 0.7
d. 2.0
4.) The critical slenderness ratio is the upper limit of elastic buckling failure , where its average
column stress is equal to ____.
a. 0.5Fy
b. 1.0Fy
c. 0.75Fy
d. 2.0Fy
5.) The allowable stress for compression members whose largest effective slenderness ratio of
any unbraced segment is less than the square root of [2piE/Fy] as per AISC standard is ___.
a. {1-[(KL/r)^2 2Cc^2] * Fy/FS
c. piEFy / [1.6 (L/200r)
b. 12pi^2E / [23*(KL/r)^2]
6.) The allowable stress for a tension in structural steel in terms of gross area is taken ___ % of
specified allowable yield stress.
a. 50
b. 60
c. 75
d. 85
7.) A wide flange section W21X62 has a nominal depth of ____ millimetres.
a. 472
b. 533
c. 635
d. 826
DEFORMED REINFORCEMENTS
-
PRESTRESSING TENDONS
-
CURING
concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10C and in
a moist condition for at least the first 7 days after placement
high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10C and in a moist
condition for at least the first 3 days
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
construction joints in floors shall be located within the middle third of spans of
slabs, beams and girders
joints in girders shall be offset a minimum distance of 2 times the width of
intersecting beams
STANDARD HOOKS
180-degree bend plus 4db extension, but not less than 60mm at free end of bar
90-degree bend plus 12db extension at free end of bar
for stirrup and tie hooks:
o
16mm diameter bar and smaller 90-degree bend plus 6db extension at free end
of bar, or
o
20 and 25mm diameter bar 90-degree bend plus 12db extension at free end of
bar, or
o
25mm diameter bar and smaller 135-degree bend plus 6db extension at free
end of bar
bar size of 16mm and smaller (for stirrups and ties) 4db (inside diameter)
bar size of 10mm through 25mm 6db
bar size of 28, 32 and 36mm 8db
BUNDLED BARS
shall be limited to 4 bars in 1 bundle
shall be enclosed within stirrups or ties
bars larger than 36mm diameter shall not be bundled in beams
individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members
shall terminate at different points with at least 40db stagger
where spacing limitations and minimum concrete cover are based on bar
diameter db, a unit of bundled bars shall be treated as a single bar of a diameter
derived from the equivalent total area
minimum concrete cover shall be equal to the equivalent diameter of the bundle,
but need not be greater than 50mm
o
o
o
o
o
o
OFFSET BARS
slope of inclined portion of an offset bar with axis of column shall not exceed 1 in
6
portions of bar above and below an offset shall be parallel to axis of column
lateral ties or spirals, if used, shall be placed not more than 150mm from points
of bend
offset bars shall be bent before placement in the forms
where a column face is offset 75mm or greater, longitudinal bars shall not be
offset bent. Separate dowels, lap sliced with the longitudinal bars adjacent to the offset
column faces, shall be provided
SPIRALS
for cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be less than 10mm
diameter
clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 75mm or be less than 25mm
anchorage of spiral reinforcement shall be provided by 1 extra turns of spiral
bar or wire at each end of a spiral unit
spiral reinforcement shall be lap spliced by 48db but not less than 300mm or
welded
in columns with capitals, spirals shall extend to a level at which the diameter or
width of capital is 2 times that of the column
plain bars shall conform to one of the following specifications:
o
ASTM A 615M
o
ASTM A 616M
o
ASTM A 617M
plain wire shall conform to:
o
ASTM A 82 Steel Wire, Plain
TIES
10mm diameter lateral ties for longitudinal bars 32mm diameter or smaller
12mm diameter lateral ties for longitudinal bars 36 diameter and bundled bars
vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed:
o
16db of longitudinal bars
o
48db of tie bars
o
least dimension of compression member
ties shall be arranged that no bar shall be farther than 150mm clear on each side
along the tie
ties shall be located vertically not more than a tie spacing above the top of
footing or slab in any story
where beams or brackets frame from 4 directions into a column, termination of
ties not more than 75mm below reinforcement in shallowest of such beams or brackets
shall be permitted
T-BEAM CONSTRUCTION
the flange and web shall be built integrally or otherwise effectively bonded
together
width of slab effective as a T-beam flange on each side of the web shall not
exceed:
o
the span length of the beam,
o
8 times the slab thickness, or
o
the clear distance to the next web
for beams with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange width
shall not exceed:
o
1/12 the span length of the beam,
o
6 times the slab thickness, or
o
the clear distance to the next web
transverse reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than 5 times the slab
thickness, nor 450mm
JOIST CONSTRUCTION
ribs shall not be less than 100mm in width and shall have a depth of not more
than 3 times the minimum width of rib
clear spacing between ribs shall not exceed 750mm
slab thickness over permanent fillers shall not be less than 1/12 the clear
distance between ribs nor less than 40mm
when removable forms or fillers are used, slab thickness shall not be les than
1/12 the clear distance between ribs, or less than 50mm
where conduits or pipes are embedded within the slab, slab thickness shall be at
least 25mm greater than the total overall depth of the conduits or pipes at any point
REQUIRED STRENGTH
dead load and live load
o
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
dead load, live load and wind load
o
U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
o
U = 0.9D + 1.3W
dead load, live load and earthquake load
o
U = 1.3D + 1.1L + 1.1E
o
U = 0.99D + 1.1E
STRENGTH-REDUCTION FACTOR
o
o
-
o
o
o
o
for Fy other than 415Mpa, the values shall be multiplied by (0.4 + Fy/700)
lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36mm diameter
lap splices of bars in a bundle shall be based on the lap splice length required for
WALLS
minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement area to gross concrete area shall be:
o
0.0012 deformed bars not larger than 16mm diameter with a specified yield
strength not less than 420Mpa, or
o
0.0015 for other deformed bars, or
o
0.0012 for welded wire fabric (plain or deformed)
minimum ratio of horizontal reinforcement area to gross concrete area shall be:
o
0.0020 deformed bars not larger than 16mm diameter with a specified yield
strength not less than 420 Mpa, or
o
0.0025 for other deformed bars, or
o
0.0020 for welded wire fabric (palin or deformed)
in addition to the minimum reinforcement required, not less than 2-16mm
diameter bars shall be provided around all window and door openings. Such bars shall
be extended to develop the bar beyond the corners of the openings but not less than
600mm
NON-BEARING WALLS
thickness shall not be less than 100mm, or not less than 1/30 the least distance
between members that provide lateral support
the first hoop shall be located not more than 50mm from the face of a supporting
member
maximum spacing of the hoops shall not exceed:
o
d/4
o
8 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar
o
24 times the diameter of the hoop bars
o
300mm
where hoops are not required, stirrups shall be placed at no more than d/2
throughout the length of the member
STRUCTURAL STEEL
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
-
PIN-CONNECTED MEMBERS
minimum net area beyond the pinhole, parallel to the axis of the member, shall
not be less than 2/3 of the net area across the pinhole
width of the body of an eyebar shall not exceed 8 times its thickness
pin diameter shall not be less than 7/8 times the eyebar width
pinhole diameter shall be no more than 0.8mm greater than the pin diameter
SHEAR CONNECTORS
shear connectors shall have at least 25mm of lateral concrete cover
diameter of studs shall not be greater than 2 times the thickness of the flange
to which they are welded
minimum center-to-center spacing of stud connectors shall be 6 diameters along
the longitudinal axis and 4 diameters transverse to the longitudinal axis maximum
center-to-center spacing of stud connectors shall not exceed 8 times the total slab
thickness
WELDS
weld access holes shall have a length from the toe of the weld preparation not
less than 1 times the thickness of the material in which the hole is made
groove welds:
o
effective area = effective length of the weld x effective throat thickness
o
effective length = width of the part joined
o
effective throat thickness of a complete-penetration groove weld = thickness of
the thinner part joined
o
minimum effective throat thickness of partial-penetration groove welds =
flare V-groove, R
fillet welds:
o
effective area of fillet welds = effective length x effective throat thickness
o
effective throat thickness of a fillet weld = shortest distance from the root of the
joint to the face of the diagrammatic weld
o
minimum size of fillet welds =
8mm (thicker part joined over 20mm)
o
maximum size of fillet welds along edges =
not greater than the thickness of the material (material less than 6mm thick)
not greater than the thickness of the material minus 1.6mm (material 6mm or
more in thickness)
o
minimum effective length of a fillet weld designed on the basis of strength shall
not be less than 4 times its nominal size
o
if greater than 4 times its nominal size, the size of the weld should not exceed
its effective length
o
effective length of any segment of intermittent fillet welding shall not be less than
4 times the weld size, with a minimum of 38mm
o
in lap joints, minimum lap shall be 5 times the thickness of the thinner part joined,
but not less than 25mm
o
slide or end fillet welds terminating at ends or sides, respectively, of parts or
members shall, wherever practicable, be returned continuously around the corners for a
distance not less than 2 times the nominal size of the weld
plug and slot welds:
o
diameter of the hole for a plug weld shall not be less than the thickness of the
part containing it plus 8mm, nor greater than the minimum diameter plus 3mm or 2
times the thickness of the weld
o
minimum spacing of lines of slot welds in a direction transverse to their length
shall be 4 times the width of the slot
o
minimum center-to-center spacing in a longitudinal direction shall be 2 times the
length of the slot
o
length of the slot shall not exceed 10 times the thickness of the weld
o
width of the slot shall not be less than the thickness of the part containing it plus
8mm, nor shall it be larger than 2 times the thickness of the weld
o
thickness of plug or slot welds in material 16mm or less thick = thickness of the
material
o
thickness of plug or slot welds in material over 16mm thick = the thickness of
the material but not less than 16mm
FASTENERS
distance between centers of standard, oversized or slotted fastener holes shall
not be less than 2 2/3 times the nominal diameter of the fastener
maximum distance from the center of any rivet or bolt to the nearest edge of
parts in contact shall be 12 times the thickness of the connected part, but shall not
exceed 150mm
CAMBER
trusses of 24.4m or greater span generally shall be cambered for approximately
the dead-load deflection
crane girders of 22.9m or greater span generally shall be cambered for
approximately
Base
The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure of the level
at which the structure as a dynamic vibrator is supported
Collector
A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure to vertical
elements of the lateral force resisting system
Diaphragm
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting
elements it includes horizontal bracing system
Base Shear V
The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure
Boundary element
An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm
Brace Frame
An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or accentric type which is provided to resist
lateral forces
Building Frame System
A essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads
Dual System
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear Walls or
Braced Frame
Eccentric Brace Frame (EBF)
The form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a point away
from the column girder joint
Joints
The entire assemblage at the Intersection of the members
Girder
The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam
-the major horizontal supporting member of the floor system
Diaphragm Strut
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load, which collects and transfers diaphragm
shear to vertical resisting elements of distributes loads within the diaphragm. Such members may
take axial tension or compression
Diaphragm Chord
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial stresses
analogous to the flanges of a beam
Essential facilities
Those structures which are necessary for emergency post earthquake operations
Lateral Force Resisting System
That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces
Ordinary Moment Resisting Space Frame
Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behavior
Story Drift
The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below
Strength
The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation limits
prescribed in this document
Platform
The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system
Horizontal Bracing system
Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm
Structure
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces
Bearing Wall System
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system provides
support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames
Building Frame system
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads.
Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames
Moment Resisting Frame System
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads.
Moments resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily by flexural action of
members.
Weak story
Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that the story above
Time History Analysis
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is subjected
to a ground motion time history. The structures time dependant dynamic response to these motion is
obtained through numerical integration of its equations of motions.
Orthogonal Effect
The effect on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than parallel to the
direction of resistance under consideration
P-delta effect
The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical loads
acting on the laterally displaced building frame
Admixture
Material other than water aggregate or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and
added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties
Plain Concrete
Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete
Pedestal
Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension of
less than three (3 m)
Modulus of Elasticity
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below proportional
limit of material
-in the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for ___
Jacking Force
In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into prestressing
tendons
Embedment Length
Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section
Effective Prestress
Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects of dead
load and superimposed loads
Development Length
Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a
critical section
Curvature friction
Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Concrete containing lightweight aggregate
Bonded tendon
Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting
Structural Steel
ASTM A36
ASTM A514
High Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding
TRUE
True or False, bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams
40 mm
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
reinforcement
Poissons Ratio
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse strain to the
corresponding longitudinal strain
Slenderness Ratio
In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration
Torsion
A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line
Flat slab
A type of concrete floor which has no beam
Shear
The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part
Deformation
A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force
Yielding Stress
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain without
failure
Stress
It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress
-Intensity of force per unit area
Allowable Stress
The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent deformation
remaining upon the complete release of stress
Tie / Stirrup
Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement
Stiffness Ration
The measure of stiffness of a material
Punching Shear
The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes hole through it
Deflection
Purlin
A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter
Size of dead load deflection
Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss
Shear connector
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists horizontal
shear between elements
Shear Stress (Shearing Stress)
The force per unit area of cross section which tend to produce shear
Hooks Law
The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strain
4 x diameter of bolt
Minimum spacing of bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel for parallel to
grain loading is equal to ___
4 x diameter of bolt
According to the provision of the NSCP on timber connection and fastening the loaded edge
distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least
2.5
NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least
___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2
12 mm
Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance with NSCP
specifications
50
Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___
11 diameters
Nails and spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP specifications shall
have a required penetration of not less than __
1/6 depth of member
Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications shall not
exceed
Middle third span
Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the
the depth
Notches in the top and bottom of joist shall not exceed