Html5 и Css3 Разработка Сайтов Для Любых Браузеров и Устройств

32.988.
02-018
004.738.5
86
86
HTML5 CSS3. . .:
, 2014. 304 .: .
ISBN 978-5-496-00185-4
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-,
. , - HTML5 CSS3.
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12+ ( 29 2010 . 436-.)
32.988.02-018
004.738.5
.
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, , , . , ,

, .
ISBN 978-1849693189 .
Copyright 2012 Packt Publishing
ISBN 978-5-496-00185-4
, 2014
,
, 2014
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1. HTML5, CSS3 - . . . . . 27
2. : . . . . . 53
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4. HTML5 -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
5. CSS3: , . . . . . . . 151
6. CSS3 . . . . . . . . . . 187
7. CSS3-, . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
8. HTML5 CSS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
9. - . . . . . . 273
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1. HTML5, CSS3
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.1. (
InternetExplorer ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.2. , -
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1.3. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.4.
-?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.5. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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1.6. HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
HTML5. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
HTML5. . . . . 41
1.7. CSS3 -
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: CSS3
- !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CSS3 ,
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.8. , , !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1.9. HTML5 CSS3
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1.10. -
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1.11. ,
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1.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2. :
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2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.2. -
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?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
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2.3. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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-:
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2.4. ,
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2.5.
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2.6. -
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2.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.1. . . . . . . 80
3.2. -
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3.3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
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3.4. em
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
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max-width . . . . . . . . . 100
3.6.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Adaptive Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
. . . . . . 104
3.7.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.8. CSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4. HTML5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.1. HTML5 ?. . . . . . 116
HTML5 . . . . . 116
, Modernizr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.2. HTML5-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10
HTML5-. . . . . . . . . 119
<a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
HTML-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.3. HTML5- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
<section>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
<nav> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
<article>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
<aside> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
<hgroup>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
<header>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
<footer>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
<address> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.4.
HTML5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.5. HTML5- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
<b>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
<em>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
<i>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.6.
WAI-ARIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
4.8. HTML5 . . . . . . . 139
- . . . . . . . 141
. . . . . . . . . 141
<audio> <video> . . . . . . 142
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4.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.10. -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
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-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5. CSS3: , . . . 151
5.1. CSS3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
CSS3 Internet Explorer 68. . . . . . 152
CSS3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.2. CSS- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.4. CSS3-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
CSS3
-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.5. CSS3- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
CSS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
CSS3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . . . 161
12
CSS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
:last-child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
:nth-child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
:nth- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
(:not) . . . . . . . . . . 170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.6. -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
CSS- @font-face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
- @font-face. . . . . . . . . 174
5.7. CSS3-
@font-face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5.8. CSS3 -. . . . . . 180
RGB-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
HSL- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Internet Explorer
6, 7 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
5.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
6. CSS3 . . . . . . 187
6.1. , , CSS3. . . 188
, HSL- RGB-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
, em rem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
. . . . . . . . . . . 190
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
, . . . . . . . . . . 193
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6.2. , . . . . . 193
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
6.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
6.5. - CSS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
6.6. CSS3- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
6.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
6.8. CSS3-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
6.9. ,
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
6.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
7. CSS3-, . . . . . . . . . 219
7.1. CSS3- . . 220
, . . . . . . 221
transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

. . . . . . . . . . . . 224
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7.2. 2D- CSS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
translate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
rotate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
skew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
transform-origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
7.3. 3D- CSS3 . . . . . . . . . 231
3D- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
3D-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
7.4. CSS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
7.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8. HTML5 CSS3. . . . . . . . . . 245

8.1. HTML5-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
HTML5-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
placeholder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
autofocus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
autocomplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
list ( <datalist>). . . . . . . . 251
HTML5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
email. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
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tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
date time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
datetime datetime-local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
8.2. ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
8.3. HTML5- CSS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
8.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
9. -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
9.1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
9.2. ,
Internet Explorer?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
9.3. Modernizr
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Modernizr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
16
Modernizr HTML5-
Internet Explorer . . . . . . . 285
min-width
max-width Internet Explorer 6, 7 8 . . . . . . . . 286
Modernizr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
9.4.
(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
9.5. (). . . . . 294
9.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

(Ben Frain) -
,
.
, Mac, ,
.
, .

. ( ) ( ),
.
, ( ) .
www.benfrain.com,
Twitter twitter.com/benfrain.

-.
-, .
- (Ethan Marcotte). , , . , ,
, .
, . ,
( ), , .
.

(Ed Henderson) -, .

, .
, (Web
Man Walking). , ,
, -, - .
. ,
, , , , .
,
.
, , Jack Draws Anything (http://
jackdrawsanything.com/), Social Campaign of the
Year 2011 ( 2011) .Net.
,
-, , ,
Hendo.
http://edhenderson.com (
, )
Twitter: @edhenderson.
(Mauvis Ledford) -, .
,
- HTML5.
-, - -, . http://
www.brainswap.me. , Disney Mobile, Skype,
Netfix -.
(Kamrujaman Shohel) .
,
20
. 2004,
PHP- SSR IT,
Multimode Group ( Microsoft). , . 2005
Right Brain
Solution Limited. HTML, HTML5, CSS3, jQuery,
jQuery UI, PHP, Photoshop CS5 Illustrator CS5.
( ) Trenza Softwares,
Mesovison Consultancy Limited. , ,
-. ,
HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, jQuery Mobile jQuery UI.
,
.
( ,
). , ,
.
PHP, C, C#, VB.NET, ASP.NET, CakePHP, Zend Framework, Drupal,
Joomla! WordPress. , , , , .

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. , , HTML5 CSS3
,
- . , .
HTML CSS, .

1 HTML5, CSS3 - , -, ,

HTML5 CSS3.
2 :
, ,
CSS- .
3 , CSS- -.
4 HTML5 -
HTML5 ( , , WAI-ARIA ).
5 CSS3: , CSS3-,
. CSS3- @font-face,
22
-, CSS3, RGB(A)
HSL(A).
6 CSS3 ,
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CSS3. , .
7 CSS3-, ,
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CSS3.
8 HTML5 CSS3 ,
- , ,
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9 - ,
Internet Explorer,
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Modernizr.
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JavaScript. .

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86
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91
href="#">Synopsis</a></li>
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<div class="sideBlock unSung">
96
3.
<h4>Unsung heroes...</h4>
<a href="#"><img src="img/midnightRun.jpg" alt="Midnight Run" width="99"
height="135" /></a>
<a href="#"><img src="img/wyattEarp.jpg" alt="Wyatt Earp" width="99"
height="135" /></a>
</div>
<div class="sideBlock overHyped">
<h4>Overhyped nonsense...</h4>
<a href="#"><img src="img/moulinRouge.jpg" alt="Moulin Rouge" width="99"
height="135" /></a>
<a href="#"><img src="img/kingKong.jpg" alt="King Kong" width="99"
height="135" /></a>
</div>
</div>
max-width: 100% img

CSS-,
(.3.6).
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, :
<img src="img/wyattEarp.jpg" alt="Wyatt Earp" width="99" height="135" />
3.5.
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:
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3.6.
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102
3.
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adaptive-images.com). Filament Group
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Adaptive Images
Adaptive Images Apache2, PHP5.x GD Lib.
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3.6.
103
ZIP- adaptive-images.php .htaccess

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ai-cache
(.3.13).
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FTP-, 777
(.3.14).
JavaScript- <head> , Adaptive Images:
<script>document.cookie='resolution='+Math.max(screen.width,screen.height)+';
path=/';</script>
HTML5 ( ),
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type. :
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width,screen.height)+'; path=/';</script>
, JavaScript- <head> ( ), ,
104
3.
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JavaScript-, <head> , :
<head>
<title>And the winner isnt</title>
<link href="css/main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
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( , -
3.6.
105
), .
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Images
assets , . , , -
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
# Adaptive-Images ------------------------------------------------------------RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !assets
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !bkg
# Send any GIF, JPG, or PNG request that IS NOT stored inside one of the above
directories
# to adaptive-images.php so we can select appropriately sized versions
RewriteRule \.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)$ adaptive-images.php
# END Adaptive-Images --------------------------------------------------------</IfModule>
, , ,
assets bkg, . , ,
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:
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RewriteEngine On
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# Send any GIF, JPG, or PNG request that IS NOT stored inside one of the above
directories
# to adaptive-images.php so we can select appropriately sized versions
RewriteRule \.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)$ adaptive-images.php
# END Adaptive-Images --------------------------------------------------------</IfModule>
. , ,
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106
3.
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.
3.7.
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3.8. CSS
107
, , 768 (
),
, :
@media screen and (min-width: 1001px) and (max-width: 1080px) {
#navigation ul li a { font-size: 1.4em; }
}
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, ,

769 .
: ,
.
3.8. CSS
/
CSS
. , .
, ,
. , - , , .

CSS
, :
Semantic (http://semantic.gs);
Skeleton (http://getskeleton.com);
Less Framework (http://lessframework.com);
1140 CSS Grid (http://cssgrid.net);
Columnal (http://www.columnal.com).
Columnal,
,
CSS-, 960.gs ,
.
108
3.
ALPHA, OMEGA
CSS CSS- ,
. row container ,
,
, . , ,
CSS
, alpha omega (
), .col_x, x , (, .col_6 ).
. ,
. PSD- And the
winner isnt HTML CSS. ,
Columnal .
PSD-, ,
16. Columnal
12,
PSD
- 12 16 (.3.16).
ZIP- Columnal ,
, <head> columnal.css
main.css. Columnal
.
:
<head>
<link href="css/columnal.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

<div id="header">
<div id="logo">And the winner is<span>nt...</span></div>
<ul>
109
3.8. CSS
.3.16.
<li><a href="#">Synopsis</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Stills/Photos</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Videos/clips</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Quotes</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Quiz</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

<div id="content">
<img class="oscarMain" src="img/oscar.png" alt="atwi_oscar" />
<h1>Every year <span>when I watch the Oscars Im annoyed...</ span></h1>
<p>that films like King Kong, Moulin Rouge and Munich get the statue whilst the
real cinematic heroes lose out. Not very Hollywood is it?</p>
<p>Were here to put things right. </p>
110
3.
<a href="#">these should have won »</a>

</div>

<div id="sidebar">
<a href="#"><img src="img/midnightRun.jpg" alt="Midnight Run" /></a>
< a href="#"><img class="sideImage" src="img/wyattEarp.jpg" alt="Wyatt Earp" /></a>
</div>
<a href="#"><img src="img/moulinRouge.jpg" alt="Moulin Rouge" /></a>
<a href="#"><img src="img/kingKong.jpg" alt="King Kong" /></a>
</div>
</div>

<div id="footer">
<p>Note: our opinion is absolutely correct. You are wrong, even if you think you
are right. Thats a fact. Deal with it.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
, <div> #wrapper ,
.container:
<div id="wrapper" class="container">
, , AND THE WINNER

ISNT . ,
.row:
<div id="header" class="row">
, , 12. , .col_12:
<div id="logo" class="col_12">And the winner is<span>nt...</span></div>
<div> navigation,
.row:
<div id="navigation" class="row">
.row .col_x , . ,
. .
3.8. CSS
111
,
. , <div> class="row" #content #sidebar.
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">document.cookie='resolution='+Math.
max(screen.width,screen.height)+'; path=/';</script>
<link href="css/columnal.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper" class="container">

<div id="header" class="row">
<div id="logo" class="col_12">And the winner is<span>nt...</span></div>
<div id="navigation" class="row">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">

<div id="content" class="col_9 alpha omega">
<img class="oscarMain col_3" src="img/oscar.png" alt="atwi_oscar" />
<div class="col_6 omega">
<h1>Every year <span>when I watch the Oscars Im annoyed...</span></h1>
<p>that films like King Kong, Moulin Rouge and Munich get the statue whilst
the real cinematic heroes lose out. Not very Hollywood is it?</p>
<p>We're here to put things right. </p>
</div>
</div>

<div id="sidebar" class="col_3">
112
3.

<a href="#"><img class="sideImage" src="img/wyattEarp.jpg" alt="Wyatt Earp" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div id="footer" class="row">
are right. Thats a fact. Deal with it.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
, custom.css . :
#navigation ul li {
}
#content {
float: right;
}
#sidebar {
float: left;
}
.sideBlock {
width: 100%;
}
.sideBlock img {
max-width: 45%;
float:left;
}
.footer {
float: left;
}

, ,
(.3.17).
113
3.9.
.3.17.
, , ( ,
),
, CSS Columnal
.
3.9.
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114
3.
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5. -,
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Applications
1.0, Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG),
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116
4. HTML5 -
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HTML5 ,
HTML5-
, Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, Mozilla Firefox
Internet Explorer9! , ,
HTML5- W3C Recommendation
(REC), ,
.

HTML5
, ,
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5,
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4.01. ,
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HTML5- ( ,
<video> <audio>), Internet Explorer
, .
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Polyfilla (
). , JavaScript-,
. , . , -, Internet Explorer6 ,
, , !
, Modernizr
, Internet Explorer ( 9)
HTML5-.
(Sjoerd Visscher) , ,
JavaScript
,
Internet

Explorer
. , JavaScript
(http://remysharp.com/2009/01/07/
html5-enabling-script/),
HTML
5- HTML5- Internet
Explorer.

HTML
5- ,
4.2. HTML5-
117
Internet Explorer 6, 7 8 , ,
. . , ,
. Modernizr (http://www.modernizr.com)
,
HTML
5. HTML5- Internet Explorer,
, CSS- JavaScript,
.
, ,
HTML5, , HTML5.
HTML5-?
HTML5 BOILERPLATE
,
HTML5 Boilerplate (http://html5boilerplate.com/).
HTML5-, (, ,
normalize.css), Modernizr. ,
, CSS- JavaScript-,
. !
4.2. HTML5-
-. ,
:
<head>
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8>
,
HTML5-, W3C (http://
validator.w3.org/).
, !

HTML
5. , , . , ,
.
118
4. HTML5 -
, ?
HTML5:
<!DOCTYPE html>
, <!doctype html>
. .
HTML5
?
HTML5 <!DOCTYPE html> , . HTML5.
<html>, ,
<head>:
<html lang="en">
<head>
-?
W3C (http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#attr-lang)
lang
, . ,
. , <html>
<html lang="ja">. http://
www.iana.org/assignments/languagesubtag-registry.
, .
, :
,
UTF-81.
HTML5
( ) . , , , , , ,
. , , , . .
1
windows-1251. . .
4.2. HTML5-
119
HTML5 ,
.
, , ,
, type . ,
:
<link href="CSS/main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
HTML5
:
<link href=CSS/main.css rel=stylesheet >
, . . /,
type.
HTML5 . , .
,
CSS- JavaScript-. ,
, <div> :
<div id=wrapper>
HTML5-.
:
<img SRC=frontCarousel.png aLt=frontCarousel>
HTML5-. /,
.
<head>, .
XHTML1.0!
HTML5-
-
, (
XHTML
1.0, XML-). ,
,
HTML
5, , , , , !
, ( ).
HTML5-
(
HTML5, /
120
4. HTML5 -
) ,
HTML5. , CSS,
, :
<link href="CSS/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
, type.
, ,
. HTML5 ,
, .
<a>

HTML
5, , , - <a> . , , ,
<a>. ,
:
<h2><a href="index.html">The home page</a></h2>
<p><a href="index.html">This paragraph also links to the home page</a></p>
<a href="index.html"><img src="home-image.png" alt="home-slice" /></a>
<a>
, :
<a href="index.html">
<h2>The home page</h2>
<p>This paragraph also links to the home page</p>
<img src="home-image.png" alt="home-slice" />
</a>
, , ,
<a> <a>, <form> <a>.
HTML-
HTML, , , ,
HTML5. ,
HTML5:
. -
, .
, , , .
, , ,
!
,
border, <img>.
4.3. HTML5-
121
, , . , :
<img src="frontCarousel.png" alt="frontCarousel" border="0" />
CSS.
.
, (
!). ,
. ,
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#non-conforming-features. strike, center, font,
acronym, frame frameset.
4.3. HTML5-
:
, , , . . ? , .
And the winner isnt:
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="header">
<div id="logo"></div>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

<div id="content">
</div>

<div id="sidebar">
</div>

<div id="footer">
</div>
</div>
</body>
, ,
<div> header, content, sidebar .. , ,
122
4. HTML5 -
(, , .) , <div>. HTML5
.
<section>
<section> . , ; ,
.. , <section>
.
- , <div>,
.
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#thesection-element ,
HTML5 W3C <section>.
<nav>
<nav>
.
( )
.., .
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-navelement ,
HTML5 W3C <nav>.
<article>
<article> <section> . , , , , , . <article> .
: ,
<article>, ,
? -:
, <article>,
RSS-? ,
<article>, -. , <article> ,
<article>.
4.3. HTML5-
123
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#thearticle-element ,
HTML5 W3C <article>.
<aside>
<aside> . (
). ,
( ..).
HTML5 W3C <aside>, http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#theaside-element.
<hgroup>
, <h1>, <h2>,
<h3> , <hgroup>.
, HTML5,
<hgroup> .
HTML5. HTML5
. , , <header>
. , , <h1>, . :
<hgroup>
<h1>Bens blog</h1>
<h2>All about what I do</h2>
</hgroup>
<article>
<header>
<hgroup>
<h1>A post about something</h1>
<h2>Trust me this is a great read</h2>
<h3>No, not really</h3>
<p>See. Told you.</p>
</hgroup>
</header>
</article>
124
4. HTML5 -
<h1> <h2>, - :
Bens blog
yy A post about something

<header>, . <header> ,

HTML
5 .

, :
http://gsnedders.html5.org/outliner/;
http://hoyois.github.com/html5outliner/.
.4.1 HTML5 Outliner.
.4.1. HTML5 Outliner
4.3. HTML5-
125
HTML5 W3C <hgroup>,

http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#thehgroup-element.
<header>
<header> ,
. .
<header> , , , <article>.
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#theheader-element ,
HTML5 W3C <header>.
<footer>
<header>, <footer>
, .
, . <footer> , , . <header>, ,
. , , <article> -.

HTML
5 , - <address>.
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#thefooter-element ,
HTML5 W3C <footer>.
<address>
<address>
<article> <body>.
, , <address> ..,
126
4. HTML5 -
, .

<p>.
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#theaddress-element ,
HTML5 W3C <address>.
4.4.
HTML5
. ,
<header>, <nav> <footer> , And the winner isnt
<header>, <nav> <footer> (.
):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"
/>
<script>document.cookie='resolution='+Math.max(screen.width,screen. height)+';
path=/';</script>
<link href="css/main.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

<header>
<div id="logo">And the winner is<span>n't...</span></div>
<nav>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>

4.4. HTML5
127
<div id="content">
<h1>Every year <span>when I watch the Oscars Im annoyed...</span></h1>
<p>Were here to put things right. </p>
</div>

<div id="sidebar">
<a href="#"><img class="sideImage" src="img/wyattEarp.jpg" alt="Wyatt
Earp" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<footer>
are right. That's a fact. Deal with it.</p>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
, ,
<article> <section>, .
<article> <section> <header>, <footer>
<nav>. , <article>,
:
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

<header>
<nav>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>

128
4. HTML5 -
<div id="content">
<article>
<header>An article about HTML5</header>
<nav>
<a href="1.html">related link 1</a>
<a href="2.html">related link 2</a>
</nav>
<p> </p>
<footer>This was an article by Ben Frain</footer>
</article>
, <header>, <nav> <footer> ,

, .
<sidebar>.
HTML4.01:

<div id="sidebar">
Earp" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
, , , <div id="sidebar">
<aside>:

<aside>
Earp" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
! (.4.2). ,

4.4. HTML5
129
.4.2.
, ! ,
CSS
- . , .
#header, header, #navigation,
nav, #footer, footer. , CSS-,
, :
#header {
background-position: 0 top;
background-image: url(../img/buntingSlice3Invert.png);
margin-right: 1.0416667%; /* 10 960 */
margin-left: 1.0416667%; /* 10 960 */
width: 97.9166667%; /* 940 960 */
}
130
4. HTML5 -
:
header {
background-position: 0 top;
background-image: url(../img/buntingSlice3Invert.png);
margin-right: 1.0416667%; /* 10 960 */
margin-left: 1.0416667%; /* 10 960 */
width: 97.9166667%; /* 940 960 */
}
,
, , ,
, #.
-: #sidebar aside.
.
, :
#sidebar {
}
:
aside {
}

CSS
, HTML4.01 HTML5-
.

HTML5
, HTML5 <header>, <footer> <aside>, .
And the
winner isnt (.4.3).
, ,
( <aside>), : UNSUNG
HEROES OVERHYPED NONSENSE. ,
:

<aside>
<section>
Earp" /></a>
4.4. HTML5
131
</div>
</section>
<section>
</div>
</section>
</aside>
.4.3. ,
, <section> ,
.
, . -
HTML5 <h4> <h1>,
(.4.4).
132
4. HTML5 -
.4.4. HTML5 Outliner
? ,
.
, , , .
4.5. HTML5-
, HTML5
, .
HTML
5- (http://dev.w3.org/
html5/spec/Overview.html#text-level-semantics). .
<b>
<b> ,
. -
4.5. HTML5-
133
CSS, HTML5-
:
,
, , .
<em>
, , <em> .
,
HTML
5 , , :
.
, , <b> , , <i>.
<i>
HTML5- <i> :
,
, .
, <i> ,
- .

,
, , .
:

<div id="content">
<h1>Every year <span>when I watch the Oscars I'm annoyed...</ span></h1>
<p>We're here to put things right. </p>
</div>
- . <span> <h1> .
, , :
<h1>Every year <em>when I watch the Oscars I'm annoyed</em></h1>
134
4. HTML5 -
(.4.5).
.4.5.
- ,
. , <b>:
<p>that films like <b>King Kong</b>, <b>Moulin Rouge</b> and
<b>Munich</b> get the statue whilst the real cinematic heroes lose out. Not very
Hollywood is it?</p>
,

<b> - , ,
,
CSS-.
4.6. WAI-ARIA
135
, , : Were here to put things right (

, ), , ,
!
<i>. , <em>.
,
<i>. - ! :
<p><i>Were here to put things right.</i></p>
, <b>,
<i>, , .
, ,
.
HTML
5 .
, HTML5- :
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#text-level-semantics.
, , ,
.
4.6.
WAI-ARIA
WAI-ARIA . WAIARIA
, ( -),
.
,
, , ,
? WAI-ARIA .

ARIA
( http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria).
ARIA,

HTML
5 .
, , /
(,
). ARIA,
HTML ,
WAI-ARIA, .
ARIA. ARIA
-. ,
136
4. HTML5 -
(
HTML
5 ), -, HTML5 . ! ,
.
HTML5:
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a
<li><a
<li><a
<li><a
<li><a
<li><a
</ul>
</nav>
href="#">Why?</a></li>
href="#">Synopsis</a></li>
href="#">Stills/Photos</a></li>
href="#">Videos/clips</a></li>
href="#">Quotes</a></li>
href="#">Quiz</a></li>
,
WAI
-
ARIA
. role,
:
<nav role="navigation">
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
?
.
application -.
banner ,
(). , , .
complementary , -
. And the
winner isnt UNSUNG HEROES
OVERHYPED NONSENSE.
contentinfo , -
. ,
.
4.6. WAI-ARIA
137
form , ! , , , form
search.
main .
navigation
.
search , .
ARIA
ARIA . ,
http://
www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#role_definitions.
HTML5- And
the winner isnt ARIA:
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

<header role="banner">
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>

<div id="content" role="main">
<h1>Every year <em>when I watch the Oscars I'm annoyed</em></h1>
<p>that films like <b>King Kong</b>, <b>Moulin Rouge</b> and
<b>Munich</b> get the statue whilst the real cinematic heroes lose out. Not very
Hollywood is it?</p>
<p><i>We're here to put things right.</i></p>
</div>

<aside>
138
4. HTML5 -
<section role="complementary">
<a href="#"><img class="sideImage" src="img/wyattEarp.jpg"
alt="Wyatt Earp" /></a>
</div>
</section>
<section role="complementary">
</div>
</section>
</aside>

<footer role="contentinfo">
are right. That's a fact. Deal with it.</p>
</footer>
</div>
</body>

NONVISUAL DESKTOP ACCESS (NVDA)
Windows ARIA ,
NVDA. http://www.nvda-project.org/.
, WAI-ARIA ,

, ,
WAI
-
ARIA
HTML5-.
ARIA
, ARIA , . , CSS- navigation,
: nav[role="navigation"] {}.
4.7.
HTML5 , Apple
Flash iOS-. Flash

4.8. HTML5
139
. Adobe Apple HTML5

, .

HTML
5 , Apple ,
.
, , ,
Internet

Explorer
8
HTML
5- .
Microsoft ,
. ,
(Firefox 3.5 , Chrome 4 , Safari 4,
Opera 10.5 , Internet Explorer 9 , iOS 3.2 ,
Opera Mobile 11 , Android 2.3 ),
HTML5- .
4.8.
HTML5
. -

HTML
4.01 . , . HTML5 .
, :
<video src="myVideo.ogg"></video>
-!
, , <video></video> ( <audio></audio> )
.
,

HTML
5 . , , height width. :
<video src="video/myVideo.mp4" width="640" height="480">What, do you mean you dont
understand HTML5?</video>
,
,
Safari
, , . , controls.
autoplay ( , ,
).
:
<video src="video/myVideo.mp4" width="640" height="480" controls autoplay>What, do
you mean you dont understand HTML5?</video>
140
4. HTML5 -

.4.6.
.4.6.
preload (,
HTML
5, , preload autobuffer), loop
poster ,
. ,
.
, .
:
<video src="video/myVideo.mp4" width="640" height="480" controls autoplay
preload="auto" loop poster="myVideoPoster.jpg">What, do you mean you dont understand
HTML5?</video>
4.8. HTML5
141

-

HTML
5- ( )
Ogg. - HTML5

Ogg
(
Theora
-
Vorbis
-) HTML5-.
- , . ,
Safari
<video> <audio> MP4/H.264/
AAC, Firefox Opera Ogg WebM.
, .

. ,
, ,
, <video> :
<video width="640" height="480" controls autoplay preload="auto" loop
poster="myVideoPoster.jpg">
<source src="video/myVideo.ogv" type="video/ogg">
<source src="video/myVideo.mp4" type="video/mp4">
What, do you mean you dont understand HTML5?
</video>
Ogg,
;
<source>.

<source> . , MP4
Ogg , Internet
Explorer 8 , Flash-.
, ,
:
<video width="640" height="480" controls autoplay preload="auto" loop
poster="myVideoPoster.jpg">
<source src="video/myVideo.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="video/myVideo.ogv" type="video/ogg">
<object width="640" height="480" type="application/x-shockwaveflash"
data="myFlashVideo.SWF">
<param name="movie" value="myFlashVideo.swf" />
142
4. HTML5 -
<param name="flashvars" value="controlbar=over&image=myVideoPoster.

jpg&file=video/myVideo.mp4" />
<img src="myVideoPoster.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="__TITLE__"
title="No video playback capabilities, please download the video below" />
</object>
<p> <b>Download Video:</b>
MP4 Format: <a href="myVideo.mp4">"MP4"</a>
Ogg Format: <a href="myVideo.ogv">"Ogg"</a>
</p>
</video>
<audio> <video>

<audio> , <video>,
width, height poster. ,
<video> <audio> .
, <audio> .
4.9.
, . , <video> , ( Flash-)
,
Internet

Explorer
! , Flash-
, ,
.
HTML5-
, . .
, - .
.4.7 .
, HTML5- .
height width (, width="640"
height="480") CSS-:
video { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
,
, , <iframe>
(
YouTube
,
Vimeo
.). (Midnight Run) YouTube:
<iframe width="960" height="720" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/B1_N28DA3gY"
frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
4.9.
143
.4.7.

CSS
-, , (.4.8).
, !
, ,
, jQuery FitVids. ,
, And the winner isnt
JavaScript- jQuery.
<head>. Content Delivery
Network (CDN).
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/
jquery.min.js"></script>
FitVids http://fitvidsjs.com/ ( http://daverupert.com/2011/09/responsive-videoembeds-with-fitvids/).
144
4. HTML5 -
.4.8. -

JavaScript
-
FitVids
( js), <head>:
<script src="js/fitvids.js"></script>
, jQuery
, YouTube.
(Midnight Run) YouTube <div> #content:
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
// .container, .wrapper, .post ..
$(#content").fitVids();
});
</script>
. jQuery- FitVids
YouTube (.4.9).
! .
!
4.10. -
145
.4.9.
4.10. -

HTML
5 , (, API- Geolocation), . ,
, , ,
, ,
.
HTML5 .
,
-.
- . ,
146
4. HTML5 -
. - HTML5 ,
, , , .
- HTML5 ,
.
. , ,
.
-
- : ,
,
.manifest. (
HTML
, , JavaScript ..), ,
. - HTML5 (Firefox 3 , Chrome 4 , Safari 4 ,
Opera 10.6 , iOS 3.2 , Opera Mobile 11 ,
Android 2.1 , Internet Explorer 10 )
.manifest,
, . , ?
-

<html> .manifest:
<html lang="en" manifest="/offline.manifest">
, , .manifest.
manifest=/offline.manifest <html> ,
.
- Apache, , ,
.htaccess :
AddType text/cache-manifest .manifest
MIME,
text/cache-manifest.
4.10. -
147
.htaccess, :
<Files offline.manifest>
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault "access"
</Files>
, . ,
. offline.manifest , . ,
, !
offline.manifest.
, .
offline.manifest And the winner isnt:
CACHE MANIFEST
# 1
CACHE:
basic_page_layout_ch4.html
css/main.css
img/atwiNavBg.png
img/kingHong.jpg
img/midnightRun.jpg
img/moulinRouge.jpg
img/oscar.png
img/wyattEarp.jpg
img/buntingSlice3Invert.png
img/buntingSlice3.png
NETWORK:
*
FALLBACK:
/ /offline.html

CACHE MANIFEST. ,
. .
CACHE: ,
. , offline.manifest, , .
URL-.
NETWORK: , . -. , ,
148
4. HTML5 -
.
,
( ),
*.
-.
FALLBACK: URL- /.
, : ? , , .
offline.html.

offline.manifest. ,
( , manifest="/offline.manifest"
<html>), , . ,
, ,
.
:
CACHE MANIFEST
# , 1
FALLBACK:
/ /offline.html
NETWORK:
*
,
HTML
- . /JavaScript- ,
. ,
CACHE:, .

offline.manifest .
,
.
(Nick Pilgrim) ( Dive into HTML5 (
HTML5)) offline.manifest
,
:
# , 1
4.10. -
149

. , - (.4.10).
(, Firefox
), , Chrome, .
(, WiFi
, ) . , ,
.

-
, ,

Chrome
(.4.11). Console () ( ,
,
ToolsDeveloper Tools ( )
Console ()).
, . , , ,
.
150
4. HTML5 -
.4.11. Chrome
-
: http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#offline.
4.11.
, ,
HTML5,
, . , ( , ) , ,
.

, .
- . , . ,
, , .

. !
CSS3
.
CSS3: ,
1 , , , .
,
, , .
,
, , 56/.
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, , ( ), ,
. ! , CSS3

, ,
, .
. 6 CSS3-,
, ,
, , 7 CSS3-,
.
CSS3:
, CSS3 ;
CSS3- (
);
CSS-;
;
CSS3- ;
@font-face;
RGB HSL -.
152
5. CSS3: ,
5.1. CSS3

,
(,
!), , ,
, ,
. CSS3
. ( - !)
CSS
3 , , , , , ,
(, , ). , ,
, JavaScript,
, , CSS3.
CSS3 ,
, , .
CSS3, , -
, . , , .
CSS3 Internet Explorer 68

(, @font-face),
CSS3- Internet Explorer (6, 7 8).

CSS
3 ? -, : .
, CSS3
, . , - .
, . ,
, 1. , , ,
, . , , CSS3
Internet

Explorer
. 9.
CSS2.1 CSS3, Internet

Explorer, : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/
cc351024%28v=vs.85%29.aspx.
5.3.
153
CSS3

, . , : ?
?
, : ,
. ? -, , , , , , , . CSS3
, .
5.2. CSS-

CSS
3, , CSS-. :
.round {
border-radius: 10px;
}
(.round),
(border-radius: 10px;). (borderradius:) (10px;). , ? ,
.
5.3.

CSS
3-, (
W
3
C
), , -
CSS- .
CSS3-, , CSS3-,
. :
.round{
-khtml-border-radius: 10px; /* Konqueror */
-rim-border-radius: 10px; /* RIM */
-ms-border-radius: 10px; /* Microsoft */
-o-border-radius: 10px; /* Opera */
154
5. CSS3: ,
-moz-border-radius: 10px; /* Mozilla (, Firefox) */

-webkit-border-radius: 10px; /* Webkit (, Safari Chrome) */
border-radius: 10px; /* W3C */
}
(
),
, -webkit-, WebKit
, -ms- , Microsoft,
Internet Explorer, .. - CSS
,
, .
, , ,
, . ,
(, , )
, , , ,
,
.
JAVASCRIPT-
CSS3
,
CSS3-, .
, .
(
(IDE Integrated Development Environment), ) , CSS3 . , JavaScript-, CSS-, http://leaverou.github.com/prefixfree/
-prefix-free.
,
. .
, , , , . ,
:
.round{
-moz-border-radius: 10px; /* Mozilla (, Firefox) */
-webkit-border-radius: 10px; /* Webkit (, Safari Chrome) */
border-radius: 10px; /* W3C */
}
Firefox, Chrome, Safari ,

.
, : ,
? , -
5.3.
155
, . ,
, , ,
.
, . ,
. ,
, , , ,
3% . ,
, .
, , . , CSS3-.

CSS3- HTML5-?
CSS3,
http://caniuse.com. , -
CSS3- HTML5- (.5.1).
, (
, ), -
http://gs.statcounter.com.
.5.1. When can I use
156
5. CSS3: ,
5.4.
CSS3-

CSS
3- ,
.
, , CSS3, , -. , .
CSS3
-
- ,
?
CSS
3 , .
.
CSS3 , -
. :
<div id="main" role="main">
<p>lloremipsimLoremipsum dolor sit amet,
//
</p>
<p>lloremipsimLoremipsum dolor sit amet,
//
</p>
</div>
consectetur
//
consectetur
//
,
, (, 12em),
(, 3). ,
.
,
( ):
#main {
column-width: 12em;
}
, , ,
12em.
.
, Safari
1024 (.5.2).
.5.3 ,
iPad
768.
5.4. CSS3-
.5.2.
.5.3.
157
158
5. CSS3: ,
, ,
! , :
#main {
column-count: 4;
}
.
, :
#main {
column-gap: 2em;
column-rule: thin dotted #999;
column-width: 12em;
}
(.5.4).
.5.4.
CSS3 Multi-column Layout Module http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/.

, , .
5.4. CSS3-
159

URL-
, ?
.5.5. ,
.
.5.5.
CSS3 ,
Internet Explorer,
5.5!
word-wrap: break-word;
-, ,
.5.6. -!
URL
- !
.5.6. -
160
5. CSS3: ,
5.5. CSS3-

CSS
3 . , , ,
, CSS3! ,

CSS3
, ,
CSS
. , :
img[alt] {
border: 3px dashed #e15f5f;
}
<img> alt:
, , .
, :
img[alt="atwi_oscar"] {
}
<img> alt,
atwi_oscar. CSS2.

CSS
3?
CSS3
CSS3 .
, ! ,
. :
;
;
.
, .
. :
[^=""]
5.5. CSS3-
161
, <img>
alt, film, :
img[alt^="film"] {
}
^, .
.
:
[*=""]
, <img>
alt, film, :
img[alt*="film"] {
}
*, .
.
:
[$=""]
, <img>
alt, film,
:
img[alt$="film"] {
}
$, .

? , CSS3.
(, Wordpress, Concrete Magento).
. ,
. ,
,
HTML- <body>
,
. , ,
162
5. CSS3: ,
. <body> :
<body id="2003">
HTML5
HTML5, , , , , , HTML4.01. HTML5 . , , .
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/
Overview.html#the-id-attribute.
, Racing History
,
Racing History. , , , CSS3
( , ):
body[id^="2"] .navHistory { color: #00b4ff; }
, .navHistory, body , 2 (, 2002, 2003, 2004

..), , #00b4ff.
. ,
3000
, , ,
CSS3
, , ,
.
.
. ,
.
, , :
<ul>
<li class="first"><a href="#">Why?</a></li>
<li class="last"><a href="#">Quiz</a></li>
</ul>
5.5. CSS3-
163
, CSS,
:
li {
margin-left: 5%;
margin-right: 5%;
}
.first {
margin-left: 0px;
}
.last {
margin-right: 0px;
}
, . ,
, last first
.
:last-child
CSS2.1 , :
li:first-child

CSS
3 , :
li:last-child
, .
And the winner isnt, display: table. .5.7 ,
.
(.5.8).
,
. :
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
164
5. CSS3: ,
, nav :
nav {
display: table;
/* ... */
}
<ul> :
nav ul {
display: table-row;
/* ... */
}
, , :
nav ul li {
display: table-cell;
/* ... */
}
5.5. CSS3-
165
.5.8. ,
,
. ,

CSS
- :
nav ul li:last-child {
text-align: right;
}
nav ul li:first-child {
text-align: left;
}
, , ,
, (.5.9).
,
!
, , : , , ?, ,
. ,
166
5. CSS3: ,
. , CSS . ,
, ,
, .
, display: inline-block
768.
.5.9.
:nth-child
,
? - CSS3
,
:
:nth-child(even)
5.5. CSS3-
167
,
, :nth-child , .
, , , :
nav ul li:nth-child(even) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
(.5.10).
.5.10.
? jQuery-
! ? CSS3- !
:nth-
- , :nth ( , ,
168
5. CSS3: ,
PHP ). ,

.

DOM
(Document Object Model) (, , ),
CSS
3 :nth :nth-child(n), :nth-lastchild(n), :nth-of-type(n)
:nth-last-of-type(n). , (odd) (even)
( ),
(n) :
, :nth-child(2),
;
, :nth-child(3n+1),
1 .
:
, . . . , . , ,
, (2n+3), (
) , ,
3. ,
, :
nav ul li:nth-child(2n+3) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
.5.11,
, (
100, ).
.5.11. ,
, , ?
, :nth-child(1n+2), 1, , , n 1. , :nth-child(n+2).
5.5. CSS3-
169
, , ,
:nthchild(3n+3), :nth-child(3n),
,
.
, ,
:nth-child(3n-2) , 2,
.
:
nav ul li:nth-child(3n-2) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
. 5.12 ,
.
.5.12.
, .
child last-child , last-child
. , :nth-last-child(-n+3)
, ,
. (.5.13).
.5.13.
, :nth-last-of-type.
, :nth-last-of-type
170
5. CSS3: ,
, .
:
<ul>
<li class="internal"><a href="#">Why?</a></li>
<li class="internal"><a href="#">Stills/Photos</a></li>
<li class="internal"><a href="#">Videos/clips</a></li>
<li class="internal"><a href="#">Quotes</a></li>
<li class="internal"><a href="#">Quiz</a></li>
</ul>
, internal.
:
nav ul li.internal:nth-of-type(n+2) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
, CSS :
, <li> internal.
(.5.14).
.5.14. , internal
CSS3 , JQUERY!
jQuery, , 0. ,
jQuery 1,
. CSS3 1,
1 , .
(:not)
. , - . ,
, , :
nav ul li:not(.internal) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
5.5. CSS3-
171
,
internal.
.5.15.
.5.15. ,
internal
, (
http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#structural-pseudos). CSS3
. -,

(http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#UIstates).

CSS
2,
CSS
3 .
, , p:first-line
<p>, p:first-letter . CSS3
, . , p::firstletter. ,
Internet Explorer 8
, .
:first-line -? :first-line , -
. ,
:
p::first-line {
color: #ff0cff;
}
,
( (Moulin Rouge)) (.5.16).
(.5.17).
172
5. CSS3: ,
.5.16.
.5.17.

5.6. -
173
, ,
- ( , ,
, )
-, . .
, CSS3-
, -, .
JavaScript- jQuery,
, CSS3 . ,
, CSS3 Selectors W3C Recommendation
(REC). , ,
.
5.6. -
-.
, , text-indent .
. sIFR (http://www.mikeindustries.com/blog/sifr/) Cufn (http://
cufon.shoqolate.com/generate/) Flash JavaScript
, . -
,
. , CSS
,
.
CSS- @font-face
CSS- @font-face
CSS
2 ( CSS2.1 ).
Internet Explorer4 (, )! ,
CSS3?
, @font-face
CSS3 Fonts (http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts). -
-
. , , . , Embedded OpenType (EOT)

Internet

Explorer
( ). TrueType (TTF), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Web Open Font Format (WOFF).
174
5. CSS3: ,
@font-face
-, , .
- , ,
. , , - ,
.
, . !
-
@font-face
And the winner isnt CSS-
@font-face.
. -, , . Font Squirrel (www.fontsquirrel.com) (.5.18), Google
-, @font-face (www.google.com/
webfonts). Typekit (www.typekit.com) Font
Deck (www.fontdeck.com).
.5.18. Font Squirrel
5.6. -
175
, , , Font Squirrel (, !). Bebas Neue,

Bitstream Vera Sans Collaborate Thin. @font-face
Font Squirrel, ZIP- ,
(WOFF, TTF, EOT
SVG). , stylesheet.css,
. , Bebas Neue
:
@font-face {
font-family: 'BebasNeueRegular';
src: url('BebasNeue-webfont.eot');
src: url('BebasNeue-webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('BebasNeue-webfont.woff') format('woff'),
url('BebasNeue-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('BebasNeue-webfont.svg#BebasNeueRegular') format('svg');
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
, , ( , , ) , . ,
, , ,
.
, , , . ,
ZIP- ,
fonts, ,
css. ,
, .
:
@font-face {
src: url('../fonts/BebasNeue-webfont.eot');
src: url('../fonts/BebasNeue-webfont.eot?#iefix')
format('embedded-opentype'),
url('../fonts/BebasNeue-webfont.woff') format('woff'),
url('../fonts/BebasNeue-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('../fonts/BebasNeue-webfont.svg#BebasNeueRegular')
format('svg');
font-style: normal;
}
( ) . ,
176
5. CSS3: ,
Bebas Neue:
nav ul li a {
height: 42px;
line-height: 42px;
font-size: 1.875em; /*30 16 */
color: black;
}
. 5.19.
.
.5.19. Bebas Neue
.
, , .
, , , ,
. , EVERY YEAR 102, , = , , em:
#content h1 {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif;
font-size: 6.375em; /* 102 16 */
}
font-family font-size Google

Chrome , .5.20 ( WOFF).
- , , . .5.21
, iPad2,
TTF iOS4.2 .
5.6. -
.5.20. Google Chrome
.5.21. iPad2
177
178
5. CSS3: ,
5.7.
CSS3- @font-face

, , @font-face.
-, ,
, @font-face. , (.5.22).
.5.22.
, :
<div class="intro">
<h1>Were Bridestone: <span>providing <b>beautiful</b> quality <i>natural</i>
stone products.</span></h1>

</div> 
CSS-:
.intro h1 {
font-family: CaudexBold, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 2.63636364em;
line-height: 1em;
}
.intro h1 span {
font-family: CaudexRegular, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}
@font-face,
, ,
(.5.23).
5.7. CSS3- @font-face
179
.5.23.
, , Were Bridestone .
, , !
, .
font-weight,
( 700) .
, font-weight
, @font-face . , CSS-:
.productIntro h1 {
font-family: CaudexBold, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1em;
}
font-weight,
, , .5.24,
.
- -, @font-face. @font-face
.
, -, . ,
And the winner isnt Bebas Neue, Bitstream Vera Sans Collaborate Thin.
, , ,
180
5. CSS3: ,
SVG, 70
, -
Arial
. ! ,
.
.5.24. ,

?
CSS3 Fonts , (http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/#viewport-relative-lengths). vw (viewport width ), vh (viewport height
) vm (viewport minimum ;
vm , ) ,
. , ( Internet Explorer9).
5.8. CSS3
-

CSS
3- , . ,
CSS
3 .
5.8. CSS3 -
181

CSS
3 , RGB HSL. , CSS3
- ( RGBA HSLA).
RGB-
RGB
(
Red
,
Green
,
Blue
, , ) , .
, . , , And the
winner isnt,
CSS
#fe0208:
nav ul li:nth-child(odd) a {
color: #fe0208;
}
CSS3
RGB-:
color: rgb(254, 2, 8);
}

, RGB-.
.5.25 Photoshop, R, G B .
.5.25. Photoshop
182
5. CSS3: ,
, R 254, G 2, B 8.
CSS- color.
CSS
(, RGB) , .
HSL-
CSS3 HSL (Hue, Saturation,
Lightness , , ).
HSL , HSB!
, HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness , , ), Photoshop, , HSL. !
HSL , ,
. ,
, , : rgb(255, 51, 204)?
? , .
HSL- hsl(315, 100%, 60%), ,
- (- , ). ?

HSL
360- . HSL-, , ,
60, 120, 240,
300 , , 360. ,
HSL- 315, , ( 300) ( 360).
,
. . ,
, 0%, , 100%, .
, HSL-,
, . ,

HSL-, :
color: hsl(359, 99%, 50%);
}
5.8. CSS3 -
183
, ,
HSL
- ( ), ,
:
nav ul li:nth-child(odd) a:hover {
color: hsl(359, 99%, 40%);
}
, , Young Guys Can Be Messy Rascals ( Yellow (), Green

(), Cyan (), Blue (), Magenta (), Red ()) ( , , ,
) HSL,

HSL
, , . PHP .NET ,
!

Internet Explorer 6, 7 8
, , ,
RGB

HSL

Internet

Explorer
9. ,
Internet

Explorer
, RGB HSL.
, , ,
, , :
color: #fe0208;
color: hsl(359, 99%, 50%);
}
-
, HSL RGB
, . HSL RGB
, - . , -
, .
184
5. CSS3: ,
And the winner isnt

.
body:
body {
background: url(../img/grunge.jpg) repeat;
}
<div> #wrapper (
). ,
, HSLA-,
:
#wrapper {
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto;
width: 96%; /* <div> */
max-width: 1414px;
background-color: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8);
}
HSLA HSL.
, , HSLA
( HSL) 0 ( ) 1 ( ).
, <div>
#wrapper . .5.26 ,
.
RGBA , HSLA-.
:
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
, , -
RGB

HSL
. ,
(, PNG GIF)
. , .
?
CSS3 .
0 1 (, ,
0.1, 10%). RGBA HSLA , , . RGBA HSLA
-. ,
HSLA, .
185
5.9.
.5.26.

CSS3 Color CSS3,

W3C Recommendation (REC). , CSS3 Selectors,
, , .
5.9.
, ,
, CSS3-.
,

URL- .

CSS
3
Colors
,
RGB
HSL
- . ,
186
5. CSS3: ,
@font-face, -,
.
, CSS3.
, CSS3 -
, ,
. , ,
,
.

CSS3

CSS
3-, -. , CSS3- @font-face
, CSS3-

DOM
. , ,
CSS
3, CSS3 , -,
CSS3-,
, - ,
.
CSS3, , :
;
;
;
;
CSS3 ;
CSS3- @font-face ,
.
,
CSS
3 , -: CSS3
HTTP (, ,
), .
- .
, CSS3- -,
, , .
, , .
188
6. CSS3

CSS3
- . ,
JavaScript,
-prefix-free. CSS-, , W3C-.
http://leaverou.github.com/prefixfree/.
6.1. ,
, CSS3
CSS3- text-shadow.
@font-face, CSS2,
CSS2.1. , (
Internet Explorer 9 ).
:
. {
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #cccccc;
}
, ,
. , , ,
, (, , ),
.
,
HSL- RGB-
.
HSL(A) RGB(A):
text-shadow: 4px 4px 0px hsla(140, 3%, 26%, 0.4);
,
HSL/RGB text-shadow,
. HSLA RGBA ( ),
:
text-shadow: 4px 4px 0px #404442;
text-shadow: 4px 4px 0px hsla(140, 3%, 26%, 0.4);
6.1. , , CSS3
189
( ), ,
HSLA RGBA.
, em rem
text-shadow em rem. ,
, And the winner isnt (.6.1).
Photoshop EVERY YEAR 102,

4. ,
= (4 102 = 0,039215686),
:
text-shadow: .039215686em .039215686em 0em #dad7d7; /* 4 102 */
190
6. CSS3
.6.2 , .
.6.2.
text-shadow em rem. , 1px 2px, , , .

, , , , ,
WHEN I WATCH THE OSCARS
IM ANNOYED ( , ). :
<h1>Every year <em>when I watch the Oscars I'm annoyed...</em></h1>
6.1. , , CSS3
191
text-shadow <h1> ( <em>), text-shadow <em>):

#content h1 em {
font-family: 'BitstreamVeraSansRoman';
display: block;
line-height: 1.052631579em; /* 40 38 */
color: #757474;
font-size: .352941176em; /* 36 102 */
text-shadow: none;
}
(.6.3).
.6.3. EVERY YEAR
. ,
. :
text-shadow: -4px -4px 0px #dad7d7;
192
6. CSS3
(.6.4).
.6.4.
, , :
text-shadow: -4px -4px #dad7d7;
,
.

, text-shadow .
(, ), .
:
nav ul li a {
height: 42px;
line-height: 42px;
font-size: 1.875em; /*30 16 */
color: #000000;
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.75);
}
.6.5 . ,
.
.6.5.
, ,
1px 2px .
6.2. ,
193
,
, .
:
text-shadow: 0px 1px #ffffff,4px 4px 0px #dad7d7;
, , .

. .6.6 , .
.6.6.
W3C text-shadow : http://

www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#text-shadow.
6.2. ,

, , , , . ,
: , , :
box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px #444444;
, , . :
-ms-box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px #444444;
-moz-box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px #444444;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px #444444;
box-shadow
.sideBlock img {
max-width: 45%;
}
194
6. CSS3
.6.7 , .
.6.7.

box-shadow ,
, , ,
. , ,
. :
box-shadow:inset 0 0 40px #000000;
, inset
. <body>
. ,
:
body {
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 30px #000000;
6.2. ,
195
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 30px #000000;

box-shadow:inset 0 0 30px #000000;
}
.6.8 , .
.6.8.

, . -
,
, . ,
196
6. CSS3
( ),
.
box-shadow: inset 0 0 30px hsl(0, 0%, 0%),
inset 0 0 70px hsla(0, 97%, 53%, 1);
body
(.6.9). , ,
!
.6.9.
, !
,
CSS
3 -
6.3.
197
.
, .
W3C box-shadow : http://

www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-box-shadow.
6.3.

CSS
3, , - , , /.
, . .

aside {
border-right-color: #e8e8e8;
border-right-style: solid;
border-right-width: 2px;
margin-top: 58px;
padding-left: 1.5%;
padding-right: 1.0416667%;
margin-left: 1.0416667%;
float: left;
width: 20.7083333%;
background: url(../img/sidebarBg2.png) 50% repeat-x;
}
.6.10 , .
,
. ,
, . -,
,
(, ),
.
198
6. CSS3
, .
(.6.11).
.6.10.
.6.11.
, ,
. . CSS3-
6.3.
199
. CSS3 :
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffffff 0%, #e4e4e4 50%,
#ffffff 100%);
.6.12 , .
.6.12.
200
6. CSS3
, (
,
), CSS3-
.
, , CSS3. , Internet Explorer9 (

Internet

Explorer
10). , . .

,
, .

,
.
WebKit, , , Safari5.1,
, Mozilla, ,
W3C.
. , .
() ( 90deg) -
, .
, ,
. , to top right,
, .
(#ffffff 0% ) -
, .
- blue 20%, 20%
.
, ,
. :
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffffff -50%, #e4e4e4 50%,
#ffffff 100%);
, 50%
, .
. , -
: 90
6.3.
201
(90deg), (#ffffff 0%) #e4e4e4

(-) 50% .
. , ( ),
.
(#ffffff 100% )
. ,
,
.
W3C :
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-images/#linear-gradients.

CSS3 .
.
.
:
background: radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, #ffffff 72%,
#dddddd 100%);
#content, (.6.13).
.6.13.
202
6. CSS3
? . , .
.
(background:), , ( ). .
center, -
25px 25px, 25
. :
background: radial-gradient(25px 25px, ellipse cover, #ffffff 72%,
#dddddd 100%);
(.6.14).
.6.14. 25 ,

,
:
background: radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, #ffffff 72%,
#dddddd 100%);
, :
circle (
), ellipse ( ).
.
:
closest-side
( circle)
, (
ellipse);
6.3.
203
closest-corner
;
farthest-side closest-side , ,
,
(

ellipse);
farthest-corner
;
cover farthest-corner;
contain closest-side.
, ( , ).
, :
background: radial-gradient(20px 20px, circle cover,
hsla(9,69%,85%,0.5) 0%,
hsla(9,76%,63%,1) 50%,
hsla(10,98%,46%,1) 51%,
hsla(24,100%,50%,1) 75%,
hsla(10,100%,39%,1) 100%);
20 ,
circle HSL(A). .6.15.
.6.15.
, ,
CSS3
.
204
6. CSS3
W3C : http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-images/#radial-gradients.

CSS3
CSS3- , ,
- .
, http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/. ,
. , ,
( ) (HEX, RGB(A), HSL(A)) .
, .
, , , Internet Explorer9 ,

. ? ? , ,
.

CSS3 . ,
:
background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #ffffff 0px,
hsla(0, 1%, 50%,0.1) 5px);
.6.16.
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212
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223

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227
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www.w3.org/TR/css3-2d-transforms/.
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232
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<section class="Qcontainer">
<div class="film">
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<img src="img/goonies.jpg" alt="The Goonies" />
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</div>
</section>
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height: 100%;
width: 28%;
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width: 100%;
height: 15em;
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-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
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position: absolute;
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width: 66%;
height: 127%;
background: #3b3b3b;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,
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7.3. 3D- CSS3
233
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234
7. CSS3-,
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3
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235
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236
7. CSS3-,
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238
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color: #f2050b;
text-align: center;
animation: warning 1.5s infinite ease-in;
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7.4. CSS3
239
animation, @keyframes, (warning ),

animation-iteration-count ( infinite, -
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240
7. CSS3-,
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. , STILLS/PHOTOS .7.16
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241
, .

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alt="Wyatt Earp" /></a>
</div>
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<a href="#"><img src="img/moulinRouge.jpg"
alt="Moulin Rouge" /></a>
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alt="King Kong" /></a>
</div>
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242
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7.4. CSS3
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HTML5-
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<h1>Oscar Redemption</h1>
<h2>Here's your chance to set the record straight: tell us what year the wrong
film got nominated, and which film <b>should</b> have received a nod...</h2>
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required aria-required="true" >
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,
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254
8. HTML5 CSS3
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255
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(16).
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(9). , .
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257
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258
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458
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259
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260
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263
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264
8. HTML5 CSS3
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266
8. HTML5 CSS3
JavaScript- modernizr-custom.js
polyfiller.js, Webshims Lib:
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width: 100%;
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width: 100%;
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color: red;
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text-align: center;
}
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8.3. HTML5- CSS3
text-align: right;
}
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font-style: italic;
color: #434242;
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width: 100%;
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border: 1px dotted #cccccc;
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}
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width: 40%;
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}
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height: 20px;
font-size: 1em;
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height: 60px;
font-size: 1em;
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}
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height: 34px;
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color: white;
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267
268
8. HTML5 CSS3
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border: 1px dotted #cccccc;
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271
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border: 1px solid rgba(253, 8, 8, 0.29);
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275
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articles/understandingprogressiveenhancement.
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iOS, Safari Chrome, WebKit
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Internet Explorer , ). IE Tester (http://www.my-debugbar.com/wiki/IETester/HomePage)
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Explorer . ,
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, : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/08/07/a-dozencrossbrowser-testing-tools/.
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www.andthewinnerisnt.com, Internet Explorer8,
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( , js).
<head> :
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initialscale=1.0,maximum-scale=1"
/>
<script src="js/modernizr.js"></script>
</head>
, Modernizr, Firebug
- , , <html>.
Firefox9.01:
<html class=" js flexbox geolocation postmessage indexeddb history websockets rgba
hsla multiplebgs backgroundsize borderimage borderradius boxshadow textshadow opacity
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CSS-,
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And the winner isnt Modernizr .
( http://www.andthewinnerisnt.com/3Dquiz.html)
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posters dont flip on hover, try viewing in Safari or Chrome (
3D-.
, Safari
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display: none;
}
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:
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display: none;
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display: block;
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<script src="js/respond.min.js"></script>
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287
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min-width max-width Internet Explorer, :
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Explorer, :

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Explorer
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( IE 8), .
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3- (, Internet Explorer 6, 7 8).
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(http://yepnopejs.com/). :
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test: Modernizr.mq('only all'),
nope: 'js/respond.min.js'
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only all ?. Internet Explorer

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289
:
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nope: ['js/respond.min.js', 'css/extra.css']
});
respond.min.js extra.css . CSS- ,

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yep: 'js/pass.js',
nope: 'js/respond.min.js'['fail-polyfill.js', 'fail.css'],
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js modernizr.js respond.min.js. , <head>
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.

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290
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github.com/mattkersley/Responsive-Menu). ,
(jquery.mobilemenu.js) js. :
<ul id="mainNav">
<li><a href="why.html">Why?</a></li>
<li><a href="offline.html">Offline</a></li>
<li><a href="redemption.html">Redemption</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html">Videos/clips</a></li>
9.4. ()
293
<li><a href="quotes.html">Quotes</a></li>
<li><a href="3Dquiz.html">Quiz</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
, jQuery-
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{
},
{
// , max-width 600px;
test: Modernizr.mq('only screen and (max-width: 600px)'),
yep : ['js/jquery-1.7.1.js', 'js/jquery.mobilemenu.js'],
complete : function () {
// ,
// ,
$('#mainNav').mobileMenu({
switchWidth: 600,
// ,
//
//
topOptionText: 'Select a page', //
indentString: ' ' //
//
});
});
}
}
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Internet Explorer, :
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, , ,
600.
yep : ['js/jquery-1.7.1.js', 'js/jquery.mobilemenu.js'],
jQuery,
Responsive Menu:
complete : function () {

294
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complete , , , :
});
$('#mainNav').mobileMenu({
switchWidth: 600, // ,

topOptionText: 'Select a page',
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indentString: ' ' //
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9.5. ()
295
<div class="logo">
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#container header[role="banner"] .logo a {
background-image: url("../img/logo2.png");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
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7.2. 2D- CSS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

8. HTML5 CSS3. . . . . . . . . . 245

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