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_________________________________________________________________________________
Financial Snapshot
Operating Performance
Fast Facts
Headquarters Address
Telephone
+ 45 89 898989
Fax
N/A
Website
www.jyskebank.dk
Number of Employees
4,289
December
1,755
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Return on Equity
Capital Adequacy
Opportunities
Threats
Return on Equity
Financial Leverage
The company reported a debt to equity ratio of 1.69 in
2013, as compared to its peers, Spar Nord Bank A/S,
Danske Bank A/S and Sydbank A/S, which recorded
debt to equity ratios of 0.51, 9.07 and 2.70
respectively.Furthermore, in 2013,
the company
recorded a debt to capital ratio of 0.11, as compared
to its peers, Spar Nord Bank A/S, Danske Bank A/S
and Sydbank A/S, which recorded debt to capital
ratios of 0.04, 0.41 and 0.19 respectively.
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1.2
1.3
Jyske Bank A/S - Five Year Snapshot: Overview of Financial and Operational Performance Indicators ............ 8
2.2
2.2.1
Jyske Bank A/S - Total Income and Net Profit Margin ................................................................................ 10
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
9.2
10
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................... 28
10.1
Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 28
10.2
10.3
Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................................... 32
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List of Tables
Table 1: Jyske Bank A/S - Major Products and Services .................................................................................................. 7
Table 2: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Ratios - Annual ................................................................................................................ 8
Table 3: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Ratios - Interim ................................................................................................................ 9
Table 4: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Capital Market Indicators ................................................................................................. 9
Table 5: Jyske Bank A/S - History.................................................................................................................................. 22
Table 6: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Employees .................................................................................................................... 24
Table 7: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Employee Biographies ................................................................................................... 25
Table 8: Jyske Bank A/S - Subsidiaries.......................................................................................................................... 26
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Jyske Bank A/S (Jyske Bank) is a commercial bank based in Denmark. The bank provides banking and financial services
to private and small and medium-sized corporate customers. The banks portfolio of products includes deposits, currency
accounts, mutual funds, loans and advances and life insurance. In addition, the bank provides services such as personal
advisory services, investment and asset planning services, trading services, risk management, private banking, lease and
financing and net banking. Jyske Bank distributes its products through branches, subsidiaries and associated companies.
The bank has operations in Denmark, France, Switzerland, Gibraltar, the Netherlands and Spain. The bank is
headquartered in Silkeborg, Denmark.
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1.2
Jyske Bank is a banking and financial solutions provider based in Denmark. The banks portfolio of products and services
comprise loans, variable-rate currency accounts, fixed-rate currency accounts, life insurance, investment advisory
services, asset management, private banking and lease and financing services. Its customer base includes individuals
and small and medium-sized corporate customers. As of June 2014, the bank served its customers through a network of
104 private client branches, 34 corporate client branches and 9 private banking centers. in Denmark. In addition, it had
international units in Gibraltar, Switzerland, the Netherlands and France.
The bank classifies its operations into four reportable divisions: Banking, Trading and Investment, The Guarantee Fund
and Other.
The bank, through its Banking division, provides advisory service related to financial solutions including lease and
financing activities. The bank under this division provides services primarily to personal customers, corporate customers,
public institutions and leasing customers in Denmark. In FY2013, the Banking division reported net interest income of
DKK3,282 million, accounting for 65.4% of the banks total net interest income.
The bank, under the Trading and Investment division, offers advisory service and asset management services including
money-market transactions and trading in foreign exchange, bonds, equities, commodities and derivatives. The bank
caters to international and Denmark investors under this division. In FY2013, the Trading and Investment division reported
net interest income of DKK1,576 million, accounting for 31.4% of the banks total net interest income.
The Guarantee Fund division of the bank provides the Guarantee Fund for depositors and investors. In FY2013, the
Guarantee Fund division did not generate any net interest income.
The banks Other division comprises Communications and Marketing, IT Development, Business Development, Property,
Finance and Risk Management and other head-office functions and small subsidiaries. In FY2013, the Other division
reported net interest income of DKK160 million, accounting for 3.2% of the banks total net interest income.
The bank classifies its operations into two geographic divisions: Denmark and International. In FY2013, Denmark and
International divisions accounted for 98.5% and 1.5% of the banks total net interest income, respectively.
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1.3
Jyske Bank provides banking and financial solutions in Denmark. The key products and services offered by the bank
include:
Table 1: Jyske Bank A/S - Major Products and Services
Products:
Deposits
Loans
Advances
Mutual Funds
Life Insurance
Mortgage
Guarantees
Investment
Financing
Variable-Rate Currency Accounts
Fixed-Rate Currency Accounts
Services:
Personal Advisory Services
Investment Advisory Services
Asset Management
Trading Services
Risk Management
Lease and Financing Services
Net Banking
Wealth Management Services
Source: World Market Intelligence
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Jyske Bank A/S - Five Year Snapshot: Overview of Financial and Operational
Performance Indicators
The company reported revenue of US$1,755 million during the fiscal year 2013 (2013). The company's revenue declined
at a compounded rate of 2.11% during 2009 - 2013, with an annual growth of 6.95% over 2012. In 2013, the company
recorded a net profit margin of 18.35% compared to a net profit margin of 6.23% in 2012.
Table 2: Jyske Bank A/S - Key Ratios - Annual
Key Ratios
Unit/Currency
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Equity Ratios
EPS (Earnings per Share)
DKK
25.37
8.48
7.59
11.71
8.60
DKK
244.98
219.49
213.99
205.98
192.84
18.35
6.23
5.41
8.75
4.53
36.11
12.68
8.66
15.97
7.73
Return on Equity
10.36
3.79
3.55
5.68
3.72
Return on Assets
0.69
0.23
0.18
0.31
0.21
1.92
1.89
1.75
1.93
2.01
EBITDA Growth
171.02
41.26
-40.11
68.19
-53.79
205.24
20.82
-35.29
63.23
-52.31
EPS Growth
198.01
7.19
-35.20
36.10
-49.14
21.26
27.15
31.68
24.81
41.63
Absolute
1.69
2.41
2.91
3.65
4.29
Absolute
1.69
2.41
2.91
3.65
4.29
Absolute
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.24
Asset Turnover
Absolute
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
Absolute
0.37
0.43
0.50
0.47
0.62
DKK
Profitability Ratios
Growth Ratios
Cost Ratios
Operating Costs (% of Sales)
Leverage Ratios
Efficiency Ratios
421,310.00
Capex to Sales
5.34
5.61
6.01
3.79
2.45
Efficiency Ratio
Absolute
0.79
0.75
0.69
0.68
0.49
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Unit/Currency
Sep-2014
Jun-2014
Mar-2014
Dec-2013
Equity Ratios
Interim EPS (Earnings per Share)
DKK
5.76
26.59
4.79
6.57
DKK
292.62
286.80
249.81
244.98
16.06
86.18
23.21
30.14
17.61
84.94
28.45
38.06
45.55
42.13
21.17
20.67
Absolute
8.65
8.49
1.56
1.69
Absolute
8.65
8.49
1.56
1.69
Absolute
0.46
0.47
0.11
0.11
Profitability Ratios
Cost Ratios
Operating Costs (% of Sales)
Leverage Ratios
27-Nov-2014
12.21
116.90
Enterprise Value/Sales
42.21
53.60
1.03
Note: Above ratios are based on share price as of 27-Nov-2014. The above ratios are absolute numbers.
Source: World Market Intelligence
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2.2
2.2.1
The company recorded total income of US$1,755 million in 2013, higher than the previous year's total Income. The net
profit margin of the company was 18.35% in 2013, an increase of 1212.00 basis points over the previous year.
Figure 1: Jyske Bank A/S - Total Income and Net Profit
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2.2.2
The company's assets grew 4.71% over the previous year to US$46,703 million in 2013. The company's liabilities grew
4.02% over the previous year to US$43,593 million in 2013. The company's asset to liability ratio improved from 1.0 6 in
2012 to 1.07 in 2013.
Figure 2: Jyske Bank A/S - Financial Position
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2.2.3
The company's gearing ratio for the year 2013 was 1.69, which was lower when compared to the previous year's gearing
ratio of 2.41. The gearing ratio remained lower in 2013 due to lower debt funding activities over equity.
Figure 3: Jyske Bank A/S - Gearing Ratio
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2.2.4
As of 27-Nov-2014, the company recorded an EV/EBIT of 53.60, EV/Total Assets of 1.03 and EV/Sales of 42.21.
Figure 4: Jyske Bank A/S - Valuation
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2.3
The following companies are the major competitors of Jyske Bank A/S:
Danske Bank A/S (Ticker: DANSKE)
Kreditbanken A/S (Ticker: KRE)
Nordjyske Bank A/S (Ticker: NORDJB)
Spar Nord Bank A/S (Ticker: SPNO)
Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB)
Vestfyns Bank A/S (Ticker: VEFY)
Vestjysk Bank A/S (Ticker: VJBA)
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For competitive benchmarking, latest financial results are considered. Following are the key performance indicators
against which the companies have been benchmarked:
2.3.1
As of 27-Nov-2014, the company recorded a market capitalization of US$5,238 million, higher than its close competitors
Spar Nord Bank A/S (Ticker: SPNO) and Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB) which recorded market capitalizations of
US$1,294 million and US$2,461 million respectively. The company recorded earnings per share of US$4.51 in 2013,
which has led to a price/earnings ratio (P/E ratio) of 12.21. This was lower than the P/E ratios of its peers, Spar Nord
Bank A/S (Ticker: SPNO), Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB) and Danske Bank A/S (Ticker: DANSKE), which recorded P/E
ratios of 15.45, 74.12 and 23.59 respectively.
Figure 5: Jyske Bank A/S - Market Capitalization
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2.3.2
The company recorded a net margin of 18.35% in 2013. This was higher than the net profit margin of its peers, Spar Nord
Bank A/S (Ticker: SPNO), Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB), and Danske Bank A/S (Ticker: DANSKE), which recorded the
margins of 14.31%, 3.39%, and 8.38% respectively. In terms of interest income, the company is 2.63 times of Spar Nord
Bank A/S (Ticker: SPNO), 1.79 times of Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB), and 0.12 times of Danske Bank A/S (Ticker:
DANSKE).
Figure 6: Jyske Bank A/S - Efficiency
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2.3.3
As of 27-Nov-2014, the companys EV/EBIT was 53.60. This was higher than that of its peers, Spar Nord Bank A/S
(Ticker: SPNO), Sydbank A/S (Ticker: SYDB) and Danske Bank A/S (Ticker: DANSKE), which reported EV/EBIT figures
of 4.31, 11.74 and 34.64 respectively.
Figure 7: Jyske Bank A/S - Valuation
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Jyske Bank is a commercial bank, based in Denmark. Strong financial performance, capital adequacy and increasing
cash position are the key strengths of the bank, even as its overdependence on Danish market and decrease in loan loss
provisions remain major areas of concern. Going forward, fluctuations in interest rates, changing regulations and increase
in compliance costs may affect its business performance. However, new product launches and growing economy in
Denmark may offer ample growth opportunities for the bank.
4.2
4.3
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4.4
4.5
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Event type
Description
2014
Acquisitions/Mergers/Takeovers The company announced the completion of its merger with BRFkredit.
2013
Acquisitions/Mergers/Takeovers The bank acquired assets and liabilities of Spar Lolland, a bank based in Denmark.
2013
Stake Sale
The bank sold all the shares in its subsidiary Silkeborg Data A/S to the Danish capital
fund, Axcel.
2013
New Products/Services
2013
Contracts/Agreements
The company signed an agreement to sell its shares in the subsidiary Silkeborg Data to
the Danish private equity fund Axcel.
2012
Divestiture
Baillie Gifford & Co. Ltd. reduced its holding of shares in Jyske Bank by 4.6% of the
total share capital.
2012
Contracts/Agreements
The bank entered into an agreement with BRFkredit, allowing the bank to CBO fund its
home loans secured against registered mortgages on real property.
2012
Others
The bank was assigned the financial strength rating of C by Moodys Investors
Service.
2011
Acquisitions/Mergers/Takeovers
The bank acquired essential parts of Fjordbank Mors af including client base of 47,000
customers, loans and advances of US$0.5 billion and deposits of US$0.7 billion.
2011
Contracts/Agreements
The banks subsidiary, Jyske Finans A/S entered into an agreement with Spar Nord
Bank's subsidiary, Finans Nord A/S to acquire Finans Nord Easyfleet A/S.
2010
Others
The bank became a member of Bankdata and moved the development of its IT
systems to Bankdata.
2007
Others
The Danish Financial Supervisory Authority approved Jyske Bank as an advanced IRB
bank according to the new capital adequacy rules.
2006
New Products/Services
2004
Corporate Changes/Expansions The bank opened representative offices in Cannes and Warsaw.
2004
2003
Others
2002
Contracts/Agreements
The bank entered into an agreement with Nykredit, in order to strengthen the
competitive power of the parties in the Danish financial market.
2000
1990
Others
The bank was involved in the creation of Totalkredit, a revival of Provincial Banks Real
Loan Fund.
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Event type
Description
1988
Incorporation/Establishment
1980
1967
Incorporation/Establishment
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Job Title
Board Level
Since
Age
Anders Dam
Executive Board
Senior Management
Gerner Wolff-Sneedorff
Director
2012
61
Haggai Kunish
Director
2002
62
2011
66
Keld Norup
Director
2007
60
Managing Director
Executive Board
1996
Marianne Lillevang
Director
2006
Managing Director
Executive Board
2009
Per Skovhus
Managing Director
Executive Board
2013
Philip Baruch
Director
2006
60
Steen Snedker
Director
2010
49
Sven Buhrkall
Director
2004
64
1997
48
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Mr. Anders Dam has been the Chief Executive Officer and
Managing Director of the bank since 1997. He also serves as a
Member of the board of Danish Regional Bankers Association,
DLR Kredit A/S, PRAS A/S (Deputy Chairperson), Foreningen
Bankdata F.m.b.a.. In addition, he serves as the Chairman of
Jyske Banks Almennyttige Fond and Jyske Banks Almennyttige
Fonds Holdingselskab A/S
Mr. Leif Flemming Larsen has been the Managing Director of the
bank since 1996. Prior to this, he served as the Deputy Managing
Director of the bank for its IT, Premises, Organization and
Purchasing operations from 1990 to 1996. Before that, he was the
Managing Director at the banks subsidiary, Silkeborg Datacentral
from 1987 to 1990. Earlier, he served as the Head of
Organization, Region North and Head of IT of the bank from 1983
through 1987. Mr. Larsen began his carrier as trainee with
Vendelbobanken in 1970.
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9.2
JN Data A/S
76 Main Street
Frichsvej 18
City: Silkeborg
City: Gibraltar
Zip: DK-8600
United Kingdom
Denmark
Tel: + 45 63 636363
Fax: + 45 63 636364
City: Silkeborg
City: London
Denmark
United Kingdom
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10 Appendix
10.1 Methodology
World Market Intelligence company reports are based on a core set of research techniques which ensure the best
possible level of quality and accuracy of data. The key sources used include:
Company Websites
Company Annual Reports
SEC Filings
Press Releases
Proprietary Databases
Notes
Financial information of the company is taken from the most recently published annual reports or SEC filings
The financial and operational data reported for the company is as per the industry defined standards
Revenue converted to US$ at average annual conversion rate as of fiscal year end
Capital Market Ratios measure investor response to owning a company's stock and also
the cost of issuing stock.
Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the annual
income earned per share. It is a financial ratio used for valuation: a higher P/E ratio
means that investors are paying more for each unit of income, so the stock is more
expensive compared to one with lower P/E ratio. A high P/E suggests that investors are
expecting higher earnings growth in the future compared to companies with a lower P/E.
Price per share is as of previous business close, and EPS is from latest annual report.
Formula: Price per Share / Earnings per Share
Enterprise Value/Earnings
before Interest, Tax,
Depreciation &
Amortization (EV/EBITDA)
Enterprise Value/Sales
Enterprise Value/Sales (EV/Sales) is a ratio that provides an idea of how much it costs to
buy the company's sales. EV/Sales is seen as more accurate than Price/Sales because
market capitalization does not take into account the amount of debt a company has, which
needs to be paid back at some point. Price per share is as of previous business close,
and shares outstanding last reported. Other items are from latest annual report.
Formula: (Market Cap + Debt + Preferred Stock - Cash & Cash Equivalents) / Sales
Enterprise
Value/Operating Profit
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Enterprise Value/Total
Assets
Enterprise Value/Total Assets measures the company's enterprise value to the total
assets. Price per share is as of previous business close, and shares outstanding last
reported. Other items are from latest annual report.
Formula: (Market Cap + Debt + Preferred Stock - Cash & Cash Equivalents) / Total
Assets
Dividend Yield
Dividend Yield shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its
share price. In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on
investment for a stock.
Formula: Annual Dividend per Share / Price per Share
Equity Ratios
Earnings per share (EPS) is the portion of a company's profit allocated to each
outstanding share of common stock. EPS serves as an indicator of a company's
profitability.
Formula: Net Income / Weighted Average Shares
Dividend Cover
Dividend cover is the ratio of company's earnings (net income) over the dividend paid to
shareholders.
Formula: Earnings per share / Dividend per share
Book Value per Share measure used by owners of common shares in a firm to determine
the level of safety associated with each individual share after all debts are paid
accordingly.
Formula: (Shareholders Equity - Preferred Equity) / Outstanding Shares
Cash Value per Share is a measure of a company's cash (cash & equivalents on the
balance sheet) that is determined by dividing cash & equivalents by the total shares
outstanding.
Formula: Cash & equivalents / Outstanding Shares
Profitability Ratios
Gross Margin
Profitability Ratios are used to assess a company's ability to generate earnings, based on
revenues generated or resources used. For most of these ratios, having a higher value
relative to a competitor's ratio or the same ratio from a previous period is indicative that
the company is doing well.
Gross margin is the amount of contribution to the business enterprise, after paying for
direct-fixed and direct variable unit costs.
Formula: {(Revenue-Cost of revenue) / Revenue}*100
Operating Margin
Operating Margin is a ratio used to measure a company's pricing strategy and operating
efficiency.
Formula: (Operating Income / Revenues) *100
Net Profit Margin is the ratio of net profits to revenues for a company or business segment
- that shows how much of each dollar earned by the company is translated into profits.
Formula: (Net Profit / Revenues) *100
Profit Markup
Profit Markup measures the company's gross profitability, as compared to the cost of
revenue.
Formula: Gross Income / Cost of Revenue
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Profit Before Interest & Tax Margin shows the profitability of the company before interest
PBIT Margin (Profit Before
expense & taxation.
Interest & Tax)
Formula: {(Net Profit + Interest + Tax) / Revenue} *100
PBT Margin (Profit Before
Tax)
Profit Before Tax Margin measures the pre-tax income over revenues.
Formula: {Income Before Tax / Revenues} *100
Return on Equity
Return on Equity measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders'
equity) of the common stock owners.
Formula: (Net Income / Shareholders Equity)*100
Return on Capital
Employed
Return on Capital Employed is a ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a
company's capital investments. ROCE should always be higher than the rate at which the
company borrows; otherwise any increase in borrowing will reduce shareholders'
earnings.
Formula: EBIT / (Total Assets Current Liabilities)*100
Return on Assets
Return on Assets is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets,
the ratio measures how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings.
Formula: (Net Income / Total Assets)*100
Return on Fixed Assets measures the company's profitability to its fixed assets (property,
plant & equipment).
Formula: (Net Income / Fixed Assets) *100
Return on Working Capital measures the company's profitability to its working capital.
Cost Ratios
Operating costs (% of
Sales)
Cost ratios help to understand the costs the company is incurring as a percentage of
sales.
Operating costs as percentage of total revenues measures the operating costs that a
company incurs compared to the revenues.
Formula: (Operating Expenses / Revenues) *100
Administration costs as percentage of total revenue measures the selling, general and
Administration costs (% of administrative expenses that a company incurs compared to the revenues.
Sales)
Formula: (Administrative Expenses / Revenues) *100
Interest costs as percentage of total revenues measures the interest expense that a
company incurs compared to the revenues.
Formula: (Interest Expenses / Revenues) *100
Leverage Ratios
Leverage ratios are used to calculate the financial leverage of a company to get an idea of
the company's methods of financing or to measure its ability to meet financial obligations.
There are several different ratios, but the main factors looked at include debt, equity,
assets and interest expenses.
Debt to Equity Ratio is a measure of a company's financial leverage. The debt/equity ratio
also depends on the industry in which the company operates. For example, capitalintensive industries tend to have a higher debt equity ratio.
Formula: Total Liabilities / Shareholders Equity
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Debt to capital ratio gives an idea of a company's financial structure, or how it is financing
its operations, along with some insight into its financial strength. The higher the debt-tocapital ratio, the more debt the company has compared to its equity. This indicates to
investors whether a company is more prone to using debt financing or equity financing. A
company with high debt-to-capital ratios, compared to a general or industry average, may
show weak financial strength because the cost of these debts may weigh on the company
and increase its default risk.
Formula: {Total Debt / (Total assets - Current Liabilities)}
Interest Coverage Ratio is used to determine how easily a company can pay interest on
outstanding debt, calculated as earnings before interest & tax by interest expense.
Formula: EBIT / Interest Expense
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio
Liquidity ratios are used to determine a company's ability to pay off its short-terms debts
obligations. Generally, the higher the value of the ratio, the larger the margin of safety that
the company possesses to cover short-term debts. A company's ability to turn short-term
assets into cash to cover debts is of the utmost importance when creditors are seeking
payment. Bankruptcy analysts and mortgage originators frequently use the liquidity ratios
to determine whether a company will be able to continue as a going concern.
Current Ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations. The ratio
gives an idea of the company's ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and
payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current
ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests
that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point.
Formula: Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio
Quick ratio measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most
liquid assets.
Formula: (Current Assets - Inventories) / Current Liabilities
Cash Ratio
Cash ratio is the most stringent and conservative of the three short-term liquidity ratio. It
only looks at the most liquid short-term assets of the company, which are those that can
be most easily used to pay off current obligations. It also ignores inventory and
receivables, as there are no assurances that these two accounts can be converted to
cash in a timely matter to meet current liabilities.
Formula: {(Cash & Bank Balance + Marketable Securities) / Current Liabilities)}
Efficiency Ratios
Fixed Asset Turnover ratio indicates how well the business is using its fixed assets to
generate sales. A higher ratio indicates the business has less money tied up in fixed
assets for each currency unit of sales revenue. A declining ratio may indicate that the
business is over-invested in plant, equipment, or other fixed assets.
Formula: Net Sales / Fixed Assets
Asset Turnover
Asset turnover ratio measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets in
generating sales revenue to the company. A higher asset turnover ratio shows that the
company has been more effective in using its assets to generate revenues.
Formula: Net Sales / Total Assets
Current Asset Turnover indicates how efficiently the business uses its current assets to
generate sales.
Formula: Net Sales / Current Assets
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Inventory Turnover
Inventory Turnover ratio shows how many times a company's inventory is sold and
replaced over a period. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess
inventory. A high ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying.
Formula: Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
Capital Employed
Turnover
Capital employed turnover ratio measures the efficiency of a company's use of its equity
in generating sales revenue to the company.
Formula: Net Sales / Shareholders Equity
Capex to sales
Capex to Sales ratio measures the company's expenditure (investments) on fixed and
related assets' effectiveness when compared to the sales generated.
Formula: (Capital Expenditure / Sales) *100
Net income per Employee looks at a company's net income in relation to the number of
employees they have. Ideally, a company wants a higher profit per employee possible, as
it denotes higher productivity.
Formula: Net Income / No. of Employees
Revenue per Employee measures the average revenue generated per employee of a
company. This ratio is most useful when compared against other companies in the same
industry. Generally, a company seeks the highest revenue per employee.
Formula: Revenue / No. of Employees
Efficiency Ratio
Efficiency Ratio is used to calculate a bank's efficiency. An increase means the company
is losing a larger percentage of its income to expenses. If the efficiency ratio is getting
lower, it is good for the bank and its shareholders.
Formula: Non-interest expense / Total Interest Income
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