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Power Electronics for Energy System (EET424)

Laboratory Module 2

EXPERIMENT 2
Power Line Harmonics
Objective :
To study the effect of nonlinear loads on harmonics, harmonics spectrum, Total
Harmonic Distortion and power factor that affecting the power line quality.

Introduction :
Power electronic converters nowadays seem to be the main contributors to harmonics
and low power factor of the utility supply. Such examples of the converters are :
a) Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
b) Conventional AC to DC supply
c) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
d) Electronic variable speed drives
e) Battery chargers
Mostly they have a common circuit that causes the problem; it is the diode-capacitor
type of rectifier. From the input or utility side, there is a non-conduction period of line
current to the load and thus, the non-sinusoidal shape of the current waveform
generates harmonics and low power factor.
Related equations:
Percentage THD,
%THD =

2
I rms
I 12,rms

I 1,rms

x100

1-1

where : I 1,rms is the fundamental sinusoidal input current,


I rms is the input utility rms current (may not be sinusoidal, depends on load),

Power Factor,

PF

1
1 THD 2

xDPF

1-2

where : DPF is the displacement power factor (normally considers as 1 for a noninductive or capacitive load)

Equipment and Parts :


UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS Exp.2 (Revision 3)

Power Electronics for Energy System (EET424)

Laboratory Module 2

1) 24Vac Power Supply Unit 1pc


2) Power Analyzer PM100 -1pc
3) Tektronix Oscilloscope - 1pc
3) Resistor bank (set to 100 Ohms) - 1pc
4) Current shunt resistor (0.5 Ohm) 1pc
5) 5A rectifier bridge -1pc
6) Breadboard 1pc
7) Electrolytic capacitors (Cx) (47u, 100u, 330u, 470u, 680u and 1000u)
8) Wires

Procedure :
1) Connect the circuit as given below in Fig 1.0.

Fig 1.0 : Connection diagram


2) Remove temporary the capacitor Cx and turn-on the 24Vac supply. From the
measurement of PM100, record down the voltage, current and power. Observe the
voltage and current waveforms on the oscilloscope and take a snapshot photo.
Then
record all of the current harmonics and other data into the Table 1.0 in
the result
sheet given.
st
Note that AH01 1 current harmonic or fundamental (in A), AH03 3rd current
harmonic and so on are in percentage, %). On the oscilloscope, change the mode to
show harmonic spectrum and take a photo of the display.
3) Connect the capacitor Cx into its place in the circuit. With different values of Cx, get
all readings as shown in Table 1.0. Note that AH01 1st current harmonic or
fundamental (in A), AH03 3rd current harmonic and so on are in percentage, %).
Record down the voltage, current and power for the selected values of Cx (47uF,
470uF and 1000uF). Observe the voltage and current waveforms on the oscilloscope
and take a snapshot photo for each of the selected values Cx (47uF, 470uF and
1000uF) and their respective photos of harmonic spectrums.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS Exp.2 (Revision 3)

Power Electronics for Energy System (EET424)

Laboratory Module 2

4) While you take the readings of the odd current harmonics, take note on the readings
of even current harmonics (AH2, AH4, AH6 and so on).
5) In the case of this experiment, you can consider the displacement power factor (DPF)
is unity.

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS Exp.2 (Revision 3)

Power Electronics for Energy System (EET424)

Laboratory Module 2

Result Sheet

Name:

1.__________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

For Cx = No Cap, I = _______

, V = _________

, P = __________

Table 1.0

* For Cx = 47uF, I = __________ , V = _________ , P = __________


** For Cx = 470uF , I = __________ , V = _________, P = ___________
*** For Cx = 1000uF , I = ___________ , V = __________ , P = ___________

Instructor Approval: _____________________________________

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS Exp.2 (Revision 3)

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