04| MwZm~

gv: kvn& Rvgvj

mnKvix AavcK (c`v_wevb wefvM )

(Laws Of Motion)

we G Gd kvnxb KjR XvKv

dvb: 01670 856105, 9125630, 9115369

RoZv (Inertia):
c`v_ h Aevq AvQ mB Aevq _vKZ PvIqvi h ceYZv ev mB Aev ivLZ PvIqvi h ag ZvK RoZv ej|
RoZv `yB cKvi: h_v (1) wwZ RoZv (2) MwZ RoZv

om

(1) wwZ RoZv (Inertia of rest) t wi e wi _vKZ Pvq ei GB bK ei wwZ RoZv ej|
D`vniYt wi Mvwo nVvr Qo w`j hvwiv wcQb w`K nj co| KviY Mvwo Pvjy nIqvi msM msM hvw`i

24

.c

kixii wbPi Ask Mvwoi mv_ mshy _vKvq mvgbi w`K GwMq hvq| wK kixii Dcii Ask wwZ RoZvi Rb
wcwQq co|

al

|e

bd

(2) MwZ RoZv (Inertia of motion) t MwZkxj e MwZkxj _vKZ Pvq ei GB bK ei MwZ RoZv ej|
D`vniYt Pj Mvwo nVvr eK Kij hvwiv mvgbi w`K SzK co| KviY Mvwo eK Kivi KviY Mvwo _g

Sh

ah

Ja

hvIqvi mv_ mv_ hvw`i kixii wbPi Ask Mvwoi mv_ mshy _vKvq _g hvq wK kixii Dcii Ask MwZ
RoZvi Rb mvgbi w`K GwMq hvq|
ej (Force):
hv wi ei Dci wqv Ki eK MwZkxj Ki ev KiZ Pvq A_ev MwZkxj ei Dci wqv Ki MwZi cwieZb Ki ev
KiZ Pvq ZvK ej ej| ejK F viv cKvk Kiv nq| m fii ei ZiY a nj ej F=ma ne| ej GKwU fi
ivwk|

of

es
so
r

gwjK ej (Fundamental Forces) t

h mKj ej ^vaxb A_vr h mKj ej Ab Kvb ej _K Drcb nq bv ZvK eis Abvb ej GB mKj eji Kvb bv
Kvb ici cKvk Zv`iK gwjK ej ej| gwjK ej Pvi cKvi, h_v: (1) gnvKl ej (2) ZvwoZ P^K ej (3)
mej wbDwKq ej I (4) `~ej wbDwKq ej

Pr

(1) gnvKl ej t gnvweki h Kvb `ywU ei gaKvi cviwiK AvKlb ejK gnvKl ej ej|
(2) ZvwoZ P^K ej t `ywU PvwRZ KYv Zv`i PvRi KviY GK Acii Dci h AvKlY ev weKlb ej cqvM Ki
ZvK ZvwoZ P^K ej ej|
(3) mej wbDwKq ej t cigvbyi wbDwKqvm wbDwKq Dcv`vb Z_v wbDwKqbjvK GK Ave ivL h kwkvjx ej
ZvK mej wbDwKq ej ej|
(4) `~ej wbDwKq ej t h ^ cvjvi I ^ gvbi ej wbDwKqvmi ga gwjK KYvwji ga wqv Ki AbK
wbDwKqvm AwwZkxjZvi De NUvq ZvK `~ej wbDwKq ej ej|
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)

gwjK ej mg~n
1) gnvKl ej
2) ZvwoZ P^K ej
3) mej wbDwKq ej
4) `~ej wbDwKq ej

AvcwK wZeZv

cvjv
Amxg
Amxg
10-15 m
10-16 m

1
1039
1041
1030

fieM (Momentum) t fi I eMi bdjK fieM ej| fieMK P viv cKvk Kiv nq| m fii Kvb ei eM
v nj fieM P = mv ne| fieMi GKK kg-ms-1| Gi gvv [MLT-1]

al

|e

bd

24

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om

wbDUbi MwZi 1g m~ (Newton's 1st Law of Motion) t

eYbvt evwnK ej cqvM bv Kij wi e wPiKvj wi Ges MwZkxj e mgeM mij c_ PjZ _vKe|
eLvt evBi _K ej chy bv nj (1) wi e wPiKvj wi _vKe Ges
(2) MwZkxj e mgeM mij c_ PjZ _vKe|
myZivs `Lv hvq h, MwZi c_g m~i `ywU Ask| c_g Ask _K wi ei wwZkxj _vKvi ceYZv mK
aviYv cvIqv hvq| GB ceYZvK wwZ RoZv ej| Avevi wZxq Ask MwZkxj ei MwZkxj _vKvi ceYZv jbxq |
GB ceYZvK MwZ RoZv ej| G KviY wbDUbi MwZi 1g m~K RoZvi m~ I ejv nq| G m~ _K eji msv I
cvIqv hvq|

cwZcv`b t

Sh

F ma

ah

Ja

wbDUbi MwZi 2q m~ (Newtons 2nd Law of Motion)t

eYbvt ei fi eM cwieZbi nvi ei Dci chy eji mgvbycvwZK Ges ej h w`K wqv Ki ei fi eMi
cwieZb I mB w`K NU|

eLvt G m~i evLv nj F ma cwZcv`b|

gb Kwi, Kvb MwZkxj eKYvi fieM P | F eji wqvq z`vwZz` mgq eeavb dt AeKvk KYvi fieMi

Pr

of

es
so
r

dP
cwieZb dP nj fieM cwieZbi nvi
ne| MwZi 2q m~vbymvi, fieM cwieZbi nvi chy eji
dt

dP
mgvbycvwZK| A_vr,
F
dt

eKYvi fi m Ges eM v nj fieM P mv ewmq cvB,

d ( m v)
F
dt

dv
m
F
dt

dv

ma F

Z
iY
a

dt

ma kF ... ... ... .... ... (1)

GLvb k GKwU mgvbycvwZK aeK; hvi gvb GKK eji

msv viv wbaviY Kiv hvq| h ej GKK fii Dci wqv Ki GKK ZiY mw Ki ZvK GKK ej ej|

A_vr F 1 , m=1 Ges a 1 nq Ze mgxKiY (1) nZ cvB|

11=k1 k=1 mgxKiY ewmq cvB, ma F
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

3
04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)

A_vr F ma Kvb ei Dci ^Z ejwj hw` nq h_vg F1 , F2 , F3 ,..Fn BZvw` wqviZ _vKj Avgiv cvB,

F1 F2 F3 .... Fn ma

F ma GLvb, F nQ jw ej ev bxU ej hLvb, F F1 F2 F3 .... Fn (cgvwbZ)

eji GKK wbDUb t h ej 1kg fii Dci wqv Ki 1ms -1 ZiY mw Ki ZvK 1 wbDUb ej ej|

A_vr 1 wbDUb = 1kg 1ms -2 |

wZxq m~ _K c_g m~ cwZcv`b t
wbDUbi MwZi 1g I 2q m~ Zzjbv Ki `Lv hvq h, 1g m~ nQ 2q m~i GKwU ic|

F ma

_K `Lv hvq

om

h, ei Dci wbU ej k~b nj A_vr hLb F 0 ZLb ma 0 ,wK m 0, a 0 nq| myZivs hLb evBi _K

ej cqvM bv nq A_vr wbU ej k~b nq ZLb,

bd

24

.c

a0

dv

0
dt

v Gi wWdviwqmvb k~b v = aeK|

al

|e

myZivs evBi _K ei Dci ej wbU ej k~b nj ei eM AcwiewZZ _vK A_vr e h Aevq wQj mB AevqB
_vK| A_vr evwnK ej cqvM e Aevb cwieZb KiZ eva bv Kij wi e wPiKvj wi Ges MwZkxj e wPiKvj
mgeM mij c_ PjZ _vKe| GwUB wbDUbi MwZi c_g m~|

Sh

ah

Ja

NvZej (Impulsive Force) t

Lye A mgq h ej chy nq ZvK NvZ ej ej| nvZzwo viv KvV ciK cvZv, evU viv wKU ej AvNvr Kiv,
BZvw` NvZ eji D`vniY|

eji NvZ (Impulse of Force) t

Kvb ej I eji wqv Kvji b djK eji NvZ ej| Kvb ej F hw` Kvb ei Dci t i mgq _K t f mgq ch

Pr

of

es
so
r

tf
wqv Ki, Zvnj eji NvZ ne, J Fdt
ti

tf
J F dt

[ F a e ]

ti

tf
J Ft F [t f - t i ]
ti

J Ft

eji NvZi mv_ fieMi mK (Relation with Impulse of Force and Momentum ) t

tf

chy ej F nj eji NvZ J Fdt

ti

dP
J
dt
dt
ti
tf

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

dP
F

dt

http://ebd24.com

04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)

Pf

J dP P

pi

Pf

Pi

J Pf Pi

J P A_vr, eji NvZ fieMi cwieZbi mgvb|

.c

om

wbDUbi MwZi ZZxq m~ (Newton's 3rd Law of Motion) t

eYbv: cZK wqviB GKwU mgvb I wecixZ cwZwqv AvQ|
wbDUbi MwZi ZZxq m~vbymvi hw` GKwU e A, Aci e B Gi Dci ej cqvM Ki, Ze B eI A ei Dci mgvb
I wecixZ ej cqvM Kie| awi A e B ei Dci F1 ej cqvM Ki Ges B e A ei Dci F2 ej cqvM Ki|
m~vbymvi, F1 = F2 , A_vr ej qi gvb mgvb wK wecixZgywL| G `ywU eji h Kvb GKwUK wqv Ges
AbwUK cwZwqv ej| Dcii `v wqv I cwZwqv mgvb I wecixZ|

|e

bd

24

fieMi msib m~ (Law of Conservation of Momentum) t

GKvwaK ei ga wqv cwZwqv ej Qvov Ab Kvb ej wqv bv Kij, H e mg~ni gvU fieMi mgw ae _vK|

MvwbwZK fve, P a eK

Ja

al

cwZcv`b: 1 I 2 `ywU e weePbv Kwi| awi Kvb GK mgq eq

msNl wj nj| aiv hvK, GB msNl F1 nQ c_g ei Dci wZxq

e KZK chy ej Ges F2 nQ wZxq ei Dci c_g e KZK chy ej| Kvb GK mgq t Z c_g ei fieM P1

Ges wZxq ei fieM P2 | Avgiv cwZwU ei wbDUbi 2q m~ cqvM Ki cvB,

Pr

of

es
so
r

Sh

ah

dP1

dP2
F1
Ges F2
dt
dt

wbDUbi MwZi ZZxq m~ _K cvB,

F1 F2

dP1
dP2

dt
dt
dP dP
1 2 0
dt
dt

P1 P2 0
dt

dP

0
[ P1 P2 nQ eevi gvU fieM ev P]
dt

hnZz mgqi mvc gvU fieM P P1 P2 , P Gi cwieZbi nvi k~b, ZvB gvU fieM P ae _vK, A_vr

P P1 P2 = ae

Pi Pf

P1i P2i P1f P2f myZivs `Lv hvQ h, msNli AvM Kvb eevi fieMi

fi mgw Avi msNli ci fieMi fi mgw me`v mgvb _vK| GwUB fieMi msib m~|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)

iKUi MwZ (Motion of Rocket) t

awi iKUwU AwfKli AvIZvgy gnvk~b MwZkxj| hLb iKUi Bwb KZK MvmwbMZ nq
ZLb mB Mvmi GKwU fieM _vK| ZLb fieM msiwZ _vK ej iKU wecixZ w`K
MwZkxj nq| iKU _K Mvm hLb GKwU wbw` nvi wbMZ nZ _vK, ZLb Mvmi MwZi
wecixZ w`K iKUwU GKwU wi ej jvf Ki| GB ejK avv ej|
wnmve: gbKwi iKU _K Rvjvwb Z_v Mvm v eM wbMZ nQ| t mgq wbMZ Mvmi
fi m nj, wbMZ Mvmi fieM ne,
P=(m)v

.c

om

wbMZ Mvmi GB fieM iKU Rvjvwbi fieMi cwieZbi mgvb| fieMi msib
m~vbymvi Rvjvwbi fieMi GB cwieZb iKUwUi fieMi cwieZbi mgvb| Avgiv Rvwb,
Kvb ei fieMi cwieZbi nvi Zvi Dci chy eji NvZi mgvb| myZivs iKUi Dci
chy avv F nj
P = Ft

Ja

al

|e

bd

24

(m)v = Ft
m
m
ev , F
nQ Rvjvwb eenvii nvi|
v GLvb
t
t
Kvb gyn~ Z iKUi fi M nj Ges H gyn~Z Zvi ZiY a nj, F Gi gvb F= Ma ewmq cvB,
m
Ma
v
t
1 m
Z iY, a
v
M t

Sh

ah

eji fvimvg (Equilibrium of Force) t

ei Dci eji jw k~b nIqvK A_vr, F 0 nIqvK eji fvimvg ej| fvimvg Aevq ei Dci ZiY k~b
nq| fvimvg Aevq ei eM ae _vK| A_vr eMi gvbi ev w`Ki Kvb cwieZb nq bv| fvimvg `yB cKvi| h_v(1) wi fvimvg (2) MwZq fvimvg

Pr

of

es
so
r

jvwgi Dccv` (Lami's Theorem) t

Kvb ei Dci wZbwU Amgvivj ej wqv Ki fvimvg Aevi mw Kij cZKwU ej Aci `ywU eji Afy
Kvbi mvBbi mgvbycvwZK|

gbKwi, P, Q I R wZbwU ej O we`yZ wqv Ki fvimvg mw Ki| Q I R Gi

Afy KvY , R I P Gi Afy KvY , P I Q Gi Afy KvY |

myZivs jvwgi Dccv` Abymvi,

P
Q
R

ne|
Sin Sin Sin

NlY (Friction) t
`ywU e ciii msk _K hw` GKi Dci w`q AciwU PjZ Pv Kij e qi
k Zj GB MwZi wei h evavi Drcw nq ZvK NlY ej| NlY mvaviYZ Pvi cKvii nq _vKt
(1) wwZ NlY (Static Friction),
(2) MZxq NlY (Kinetic Friction),
(3) AveZ NlY (Rolling Friction),
(4) cevwn NlY (Fluid Friction),
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)

NlY ej t
`ywU e ciii msk _K hw` GKi Dci w`q AciwU PjZ Pv Kij e qi k Zj GB MwZi wei
h eji mw nq ZvK NlY ej ej|
wwZNlY ev mxgvwK NlY (Static Friction) t
chy eji mevP h gvbi Rb GKwU wwZkxj e MwZi Dcg nq, ZvK wwZ NlY ev mxgvwK NlY ej&|
wwZ Nlbi gvb k~b _K mxgvwK gvb ch nZ cvi|

om

wwZNlY ej t
h Nlb ej viv Kvb e ch
y ejK cwZnZ Ki wi _vKZ cqvm cvq ZvK wwZNlb ej ej|

24

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NlY KvY I wwZ KvYi ga mK t

bd

wwZ NlY Yv t wwZ NlYi mxgvwK gvb Ges Awfj^ cwZwqvi AbycvZK wwZ NlY Yv ej| GK s viv
cKvk Kiv nq| wwZ NlYi mxgvwK gvb fs Ges Awfj^ cwZwqv R nj wwZ NlY Yv ne

|e

fs
... ... ... ... ... ... (2) fs I R Gi GKK GKB| KvRB s Gi Kvb GKK bB|
R

al

Sh

ah

Ja

NlY KvY (Angle of Friction) t

wwZ NlYi mxgvwK gvb fs Ges Awfj^ cwZwqv R K mg^q Ki
h jw cvIqv hvq ZvK j cwZwqv S ej| GB j cwZwqv Awfj^
cwZwqvi mv_ h KvY Ki ZvK NlY KvY ev wwZ NlY KvY
ej| NlY KvYK viv cKvk Kiv nq| Wvbcvki wP
Gi Aevb `Lvb nqQ| wPvbymvi cvB,

R S cos ... ... ... ... ... ... (3)

f s S sin ... ... ... ... ... ... (4)

Avevi,

es
so
r

(4) bs mgxKiYK (3) bs mgxKiY viv fvM Ki cvB,

(2) bs mgxKiY s

fs
tan ... ... ... ... (5)
R

fs
K (5) bs Gi mv_ Zzjbv Ki cvB, s tan ... ... ... (6) A_vr NlY KvYi
R

Pr

of

UvbRU -Gi gvb wwZ Nlb bvi mgvb| BnvB NlY KvY I wwZ NlY Yvi ga mK|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

7
04| MwZm~ (Laws Of Motion)
wwZ KvY ev wbj Kvb (Angle of Repose) t
Kvb AvYZ ZjwZ e Zji h AvbwZi Rb MwZi Dcg nq ZvK wwZ KvY ev wbj KvY ej| GK viv
cKvk Kiv nq| wPvbymvi, OY Zji DcwiwZ e Zji AvbwZi Rb MwZi Dcg nq| myZivs ne wwZ KvY|
GB Aevq W Lvov wbPi w`K wqv Kie Ges Zji Awfj^ cwZwqv R-Gi wqv iLvi mv_ KvY bZ _vKe|
wP c`wkZ fi eev Abymvi, R W Cos
f s W Sin
fs
... ... ... ... (7)
R
f
wK (2) bs mgxKiY nZ cvB, s s ...(2) Avevi (7) I (2) bs mgxKiY _K cvB,
R
s tan ... ... ... (8)

om

tan

Avevi, s tan ... ... ... ... (6) dj (6) I (8) _K cvB,

24

.c

tan tan
AZGe, NlY KvY Ges wbj KvYi gvb mgvb| Ze NlY KvY me

bd

chvR; wK wbj KvY aygv AvbZ Zji Rb chvR|

al

|e

MwZq NlY (Kinetic Friction) t

Kvb Zji Dci w`q MwZkxj e MwZi wei h evav Abyfe Ki ZvK MwZq NlY bv ej Ges h ej MwZZ
evavi mw Ki, ZvK MwZq NlY ej ej|

Ja

MwZq NlY bv t

ah

MwZq NlY ej Ges Awfj^ cwZwqvi AbycvZK MwZq NlYbv ej| GK viv cKvk Kiv nq| k

Pr

of

es
so
r

Sh

GLvb, fk = MwZq NlY ej I R Awfj^ cwZwqv|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics

http://ebd24.com

fk
R