Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
ANalysis Of Variance
Normal
2
3
7
2
6
Varianc
e
Announced Layoff
10
8
7
5
10
Varianc
e
During Layoff
10
13
14
13
15
Calculations
are done using the Variances (aka:
the sum of squares) of each time frame
o This is called the sum of squares WITHIN groups
Put all the samples together (so, 15 in this case) add them and this gives you the
Total Sum of Squares
Compute an F-ratio, and see if it falls within the rejection region or not.
1. Sum of Squares WITHIN groups: SSW=54
a. 4,8,13
b. Then subtract the mean from each group from the variance of each group
i. 4-2=-2, 4-3=-1, 4-7=3, 4-2=-2, 4-6=2
c. Then square them
i. -22=4, -12=1, 32=9, -22=4, 22=4
d. Sum these: 4-1-9-4-4=22
2. Sum of Squares BETWEEN groups: 203.3
a. Calculate the difference of each group by the mean of all the total sample
size
b. Sample mean group 1 mean
i. 8.3- 4= -4.3
ii. Square them: -4.32=18.8
c. Sample mean group 2 mean
i. 8.3- 8=-.3
ii. Square: -.32=.1
d. Sample mean group 3 mean
i. 8.3-13=4.7
ii. Square: 4.72=21.8
e. Add the squared means together
i. 18.8+.1+21.8 = 40.7
f. Multiply by the number of samples in each group
i. 40.7 x 5 = 203.3
Df is groups-1
o 3-1=2
203.3/2 = 101.667
within groups/df
Used to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means
of two or more groups that are independent (un related) Usually used with three or more
groups
Exp: anxiety levels among students: low stress, medium stress, and high stress
groupings
Exp: 30 students attend three different classes (10 students in each class) Beginner
class, intermediate class, and advanced class.) after each class, each student takes a
test. And record the amount of time it took each student to complete the test. We want
to know if there are any differences between in average time to take the test among the
three groups.
On-way ANOVA output
Sum of squares
Df
Mean squares
F-statistic (2,27)
o 4.467
P-value
o 0.21
Because the p value is smaller than the .05 value, we reject the null,
concluding that there is a significant difference in the average time it
takes to take the test among the groups.