ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

(SUCOFINDO-PUSAN CLEAN COAL CENTRE)

MARCH 2014

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Definition
is the branch of earth science dealing with the origin, occurrence ,
structure and history of sedimentary organic matter (OM).

Organic Petrology

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Definition
Petrography is a branch of Petrology that focuses on the detailed descriptions of rocks,
the mineral which are the main materials forming rock and the textural relationship within
the rock are described in detail.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Definition

The Method of Investigations :

1. Macroscopic Characters
2. Microscopic Characters

1. Macroscopic Characters
Macroscopic characters of rocks, those visible in hand specimens without the aid of the
microscope, are very varied and difficult to describe accurately and fully, and also
frequently insufficient to determine the true nature of a rock, and it usually serve for a
preliminary classification.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Definition
The Method of Investigations:
2. Microscopic Characters
The details analysis of minerals/macerals by optical mineralogy through petrographic
microscope in thin section and the micro-texture and structure are critical to
understanding the origin of the rock, and the analysis of microscopic structure of the
organic compounds provides clues to the temperature and pressure conditions existent
during the coal formation.

COAL PETROGRAPHY
Coal Petrography is a methodology to studied coal as a rock consisting principally of
macerals, and the study of coal constituents based on the structure is important to know
the coal type

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
COAL PETROGRAPHY developed from the need to not only have a way to understand the
nature of coal, but also to develop a language with which to discuss current issues.
A VOLATILE MATTER ANALYSIS MIGHT TELL YOU THAT THE VM YIELD IS 35.6%, IT CANNOT TELL
YOU WHY
A PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS MAY BE ABLE TO TELL YOU WHY IT IS 35.6% RATHER THAN THE 42%
OF OTHER SAMPLES IN THE BATCH
ADDITIONALLY, PETROGRAPHIC DATA CAN TELL YOU IF THERE ARE CONTAMINANTS

COMPONENT ANALYSIS
PETROLOGY CAN TELL YOU THE COALS PRESENT IN A BLEND AND INDICATE THE PROPERTIES OF
EACH COMPONENT
OTHER TYPES OF ANALYSIS CAN ONLY INDICATE THE AVERAGE OF THE PROPERTY ACROSS THE
COMPONENTS PRESENT

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
USE IN BLENDS AND MORE GENERALLY IN COMMERCIAL PRACTICE
PETROLOGY IS USED IN BLEND CONTROL AS A QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) TOOL
MORE GENERALLY IT IS USED TO CHECK THAT THE COALS DELIVERED ARE THE ONES
SPECIFICED IN THE CONTRACT
CUSTOMERS IN JAPAN AND KOREA HAVE BANKS OF ANALYSTS BEAVERING AWAY CHECKING
ON THE COALS BEING DELIVERED

BLEND ANALYSIS
CHECK ON BLEND COMPOSITION
TROUBLE SHOOTING ERRANT BLENDS

DESIGNING AND TESTING BLENDS

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
COKE MICROTEXTURE
The percentage of vitrinite is an important parameter for Coke Quality Prediction

COKE PETROGRAPHY
VITRINITE AND INERTINITE GIVE DISTINCTIVELY DIFFERENT RESIDUES IN COKES
VITRINITE FORMS A COMPONENT IN COKES WITH A MOSAIC STRUCTURE
MOSAIC SIZE VARIES WITH COAL RANK
COKE TEXTURE ANALYSIS INDICATES BOTH THE TYPE AND RANK OF THE PARENT COALS

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
Using Coal Petrography for Combustion Problem Solving
Petrographic analysis can give useful information about the combustion of pulverized coal.
Petrographic analysis of coal has been used to evaluate the efficiency of a pulverized coal fired

boiler since 1968.

The total macerals in coal can be broadly grouped into two major categories, namely the
reactive and inert. The reactive group consists of the Vitrinites and Exinites and the inert
group has Inertinites. With increasing percentage of inertinites, the coal properties like

combustion or gasification reactives deteriorate very much. This is true both in the case of
coking and non-coking coals.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
Using Coal Petrography for Combustion Problem Solving
The petrographic composition affects the ignition process, combustion, and the efficiency of
combustion. Maceral types and reactivity need not have simple relations, all inertinites are not
inert and not all vitrinites are reactive. The reflectance values of the maceral groups and the
association of the different macerals, determined as micro lithotypes also need to be taken into
account.
Coal petrography has gained importance in order to understand how combustion behaves from
the fuel side. Changes occurring during pyrolysis determine the morphology of the char and the
char types present affect the overall combustion efficiency. The type of char formed can depend
on the macerals present, the rank of the coal, the particle size, and the temperature of char
formation.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

How Important is To Know Coal Petrography
Using Coal Petrography for Combustion Problem Solving
The rank of a coal can be expressed by the reflectance of the vitrinite,

which is related to C H and C/O ratios and volatile matter. The use of
rank appears to be the most accurate means of predicting combustion
behaviour.

WHY ORGANIC PETROLOGY?

ORGANIC PETROLOGY HAS A LONG HISTORY
OF BEING USED TO DESIGN AND OFFER QA
FOR COKING
PETROLOGY CAN ANALYSE MIXTURES
IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECONSTRUCT THE COAL
BLEND FROM THE PROPERTIES OF THE COKE
BUT HOW???

WHICH TYPE OF ANALYSIS IS BEST?

THE ANSWER DEPENDS ON WHAT WAS REALLY
THE QUESTION
IF THE QUESTION WAS WHAT IS THE VM?
THEN CONVENTIONAL PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
IS BEST
IF THE QUESTION IS WHY DOES COAL B
BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY FROM COAL A, THE
PETROGRAPHIC DATA MAY BE THE ANSWER

AND THEN THERE IS RANK

WHICH WE NOW MEASURE WITH VITRINITE
REFLECTANCE
COAL TYPE (MACERAL COMPOSITION) AND
COAL RANK CAN BE USED TO PREDICT MOST
OTHER PROPERTIES OF THE COAL BUT IF
YOU NEED TO KNOW THE OTHER PROPERTIES,
MEASURE THEM DIRECTLY

COAL USES DEFINED BY TYPE AND RANK

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Coal Petrography
1. Maceral Analysis

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Coal Petrography

1. Maceral Analysis
The Petrographic Analysis of
the kinds and amounts of
macerals present in a given
sample characterize the
coal composition so
successfully that this data
can be used in combination

with the rank parameters of

a coal to predict the process
response of coal

MACERAL GROUP

MACERAL SUBGROUP

MACERAL

MACERAL TYPE

TELOVITRINITE

TEXTINITE
{TEXTO-ULMINITE}

TEXTINITE A (dark) & B (light)

TELINITE

ULMINITE
COLLOTELINITE
ATTRINITE

VITRINITE
DETROVITRINITE

DENSINITE
VITRODETRINITE
COLLODETRINITE

GELOVITRINITE
Macerals with plant cell structure

INERTINITE

CORPOHUMINITE

PHLOBAPHINITE

CORPOGELINITE

LEVIGELINITE/PORIGELINITE

GELINITE
FUSINITE
SEMIFUSINITE
FUNGINITE

Macerals lacking plant cell structures

SECRETINITE
MACRINITE
MICRINITE

Fragmental inertinite

INERTODETRINITE
SPORINITE
CUTINITE
SUBERINITE
RESINITE
FLUORINITE

LIPTINITE

LIPTODETRINITE
ALGINITE

TELALGINITE
LAMALGINITE

BITUMINITE
Strictly a bitumen rather than a maceral

EXSUDATINITE

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Coal Petrography

2. Vitrinite Reflectance
Is a measurement of the percentage of light reflected off the vitrinite maceral at 500x
magnification in oil immersion (%Ro).
The use of Vitrinite Reflectance Measurement is to know the Coal Maturity which indicate
the coal rank during Coalification. And the coal rank is a important information to know
much better the other coal properties.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Scheme Of How To Build Coal Petrographic Laboratory
1. SUCOFINDO has Coal Petrographic Laboratory Which also has some Valuable Information
such as: Facilities (Laboratory Equipments, etc), and also a hired freelance Experienced
Sr.Organic Petrologist ( Mr. Herudiyanto,PhD from Wollongong University, and was a (The
Late) DR. Alan Cook Student) and whom can facilitate to give training and education of
building the Coal Petrographic Laboratory
2. My personal relationship with Mr. Herudiyanto is very close, and I can facilitate to
arranging the plan, include the information about buying all the facilities and setting up

the Laboratory
3. For Cost Effective reason, we should think about of how to arrange it, like:
3.1. We could Invite him to come to PCCC,with all the cost are PCCC
3.2. I could have my training in Indonesia with him and another PCCC person, and will
coming back again with him to setting up all the facilities, and still the cost are PCCC

ORGANIC PETROLOGY COAL PETROGRAPHY

Scheme Of How To Build Coal Petrographic Laboratory
4. The other option also that we could directly communicating with University of Wollongong
to have much more discussion regarding our plan

SETTING FOR PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES

FOLLOW STANDARDS USUALLY ICCP OR ISO

HOWEVER SAMPLES SHOULD NOT BE
ANALYSED BLIND AS WITH OTHER TYPES OF
ANALYSIS
PETROLOGY ANALYSES COMPONENTS
OTHER TECHNIQUES ARE BULK ANALYSES
PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES ARE DIFFERENT IN
KIND

STANDARDS
A ANALYTICAL STANDARDS
ISO AND ICCP STANDARDS
PHYSICAL STANDARDS SUCH AS REFLECTANCE
STANDARDS

B GENERAL ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE

ACCREDITATION
A PROGRAM IS RUN BY ICCP
SCAP
DOMVR
CBAP

SCOPE FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY

WORK IN INDONESIA
COAL INDUSTRY
A. SUPERINTENDING WORK ON CARGOES
B. COAL EXPLORATION

ONGOING DEMAND FROM OIL AND GAS

INDUSTRY REASONABLE TO EXPECT ABOUT 500
TO 800 SAMPLES PER YEAR BUT SPOT SIZE
REQUIRED SMALLER THAN WITH CRAIC
CSG WORK, BASIC COAL PETROLOGY, MORE
COMPLEX STUDIES ON COAL FRACTURING AND
BEHAVIOUR
SHALE GAS WILL COME TO INDONESIA TOO