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IntroStats2FinalExamReview

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
Findthemarginoferrorforthegivenconfidenceinterval.
1) Inasurveyof7200T.V.viewers,40%saidtheywatchnetworknewsprograms.Findthemarginof
errorforthissurveyifwewant95%confidenceinourestimateofthepercentofT.V.viewerswho
watchnetworknewsprograms.
B) 1.30%
C) 1.48%
D) 1.15%
E) 0.848%
A) 0.4%
2) Inasurveyof280adultsover50,80%saidtheyweretakingvitaminsupplements.Findthemargin
oferrorforthissurveyifwewanta99.7%confidenceinourestimateofthepercentofadultsover
50whotakevitaminsupplements.
A) 10.5%
B) 4.69%
C) 13.8%
D) 7.17%
E) 17.2%

1)

2)

Usethegivendegreeofconfidenceandsampledatatoconstructaconfidenceintervalforthepopulationproportion.
3) Asurveyof865votersinonestaterevealsthat408favorapprovalofanissuebeforethe
3)
legislature.Constructa95%confidenceintervalforthepercentageofallvotersinthestatewho
favorapproval.
A) (46.9%,47.5%)
B) (42.3%,52.0%)
C) (43.6%,50.4%)
D) (44.4%,50.0%)
E) (43.1%,51.2%)
4) Of362randomlyselectedmedicalstudents,29saidthattheyplannedtoworkinarural
community.Constructa99.7%confidenceintervalforthepercentageofallmedicalstudentswho
plantoworkinaruralcommunity.
A) (4.34%,11.7%)
B) (3.7%,12.2%)
C) (4.69%,11.3%)
D) (7.00%,9.02%)
E) (5.66%,10.4%)
Provideanappropriateresponse.
5) Inasurveyof1,000televisionviewers,40%saidtheywatchnetworknewsprograms.Fora90%
confidencelevel,themarginoferrorforthisestimateis2.5%.Ifwewanttobe95%confident,
howwillthemarginoferrorchange?
A) Sincemoreconfidencerequiresawiderinterval,themarginoferrorwillbelarger.
B) Sincemoreconfidencerequiresawiderinterval,themarginoferrorwillbesmaller.
C) Sincemoreconfidencerequiresamorenarrowinterval,themarginoferrorwillbesmaller.
D) Sincemoreconfidencerequiresamorenarrowinterval,themarginoferrorwillbelarger.
E) Thereisnotenoughinformationtodeterminetheeffectonthemarginoferror.

4)

5)

6) Therealestateindustryclaimsthatitisthebestandmosteffectivesystemtomarketresidential
realestate.AsurveyofrandomlyselectedhomesellersinIllinoisfoundthata99%confidence
intervalfortheproportionofhomesthataresoldbyarealestateagentis 70%to78%.Interpretthe
intervalinthiscontext.
A) Weare99%confidentthatbetween70%and78%ofhomesinthissurveyaresoldbyareal
estateagent.
B) Weare99%confident,basedonthissample,thatbetween70%and78%ofallhomesin
Illinoisaresoldbyarealestateagent.
C) IfyousellahomeinIllinois,youhavean74% 4%chanceofusingarealestateagent.
D) 99%ofallrandomsamplesofhomesellersinIllinoiswillshowthatbetween70%and78%of
homesaresoldbyarealestateagent.
E) In99%oftheyears,between70%and78%ofhomesinIllinoisaresoldbyarealestateagent.
Createa95%confidenceintervalforthegivendata.
7) Acompanyhopestoimproveitsengines,settingagoalofnomorethan3%ofcustomersusing
theirwarrantyondefectiveengineparts.Arandomsurveyof1400customersfoundonly30with
complaints.Createa95%confidenceintervalforthetruelevelofwarrantyusersamongall
customers.
A) Basedonthedata,weare95%confidenttheproportionofwarrantyusersisbetween2.0%
and2.9%.Therefore,thecompanyhasmetitsgoal.
B) Basedonthedata,weare95%confidenttheproportionofwarrantyusersisbetween1%and
3%.Therefore,thecompanyhasmetitsgoal.
C) Basedonthedata,weare95%confidenttheproportionofwarrantyusersisbetween 1.4%
and3.8%.Therefore,thecompanyhasnotmetitsgoal.
D) Basedonthedata,weare95%confidenttheproportionofwarrantyusersisbetween0%and
2.9%.Therefore,thecompanyhasmetitsgoal.
E) Basedonthedata,weare95%confidenttheproportionofwarrantyusersisbetween1.4%
and2.9%.Therefore,thecompanyhasmetitsgoal.
Provideanappropriateresponse.
8) Arandomsampleof120collegeseniorsfoundthat30%ofthemhadbeenofferedjobs.Whatisthe
standarderrorofthesampleproportion?
A) 0.082
B) 0.028
C) 0.042
D) 0.458
E) 0.046
9) Wehavecalculateda95%confidenceintervalandwouldpreferforournextconfidenceintervalto
haveasmallermarginoferrorwithoutlosinganyconfidence.Inordertodothis,wecan
I. changethez *valuetoasmallernumber.
II. takealargersample.
III. takeasmallersample.
B) IIIonly
A) IandIII

C) Ionly

D) IandII

7)

8)

9)

E) IIonly

10) Whichistrueabouta98%confidenceintervalforapopulationproportionbasedonagiven
sample?
I. Weare98%confidentthatothersampleproportionswillbeinourinterval.
II. Thereisa98%chancethatourintervalcontainsthepopulationproportion.
III. Theintervaliswiderthana95%confidenceintervalwouldbe.
B) None
C) IIonly
D) IIIonly
E) Ionly
A) IandII

6)

10)

11) Wehavecalculatedaconfidenceintervalbasedonasampleofn = 180.Nowwewanttogeta


betterestimatewithamarginoferroronlyonethirdaslarge.Weneedanewsamplewithnat
least...
A) 1620
B) 540
C) 60
D) 20
E) 312

11)

12) Thecitymanagementcompanyclaimsthat75%ofalllowincomehousingis1500sq.ft.The
tenantsbelievetheproportionofhousingthissizeissmallerthantheclaim,andhirean
independentengineeringfirmtotestanappropriatehypothesis.TheP -valueturnsouttobe0.025.
Provideanappropriateconclusion.
A) Wecansaythereisa2.5%chanceofseeingachangeintheproportionofhousingthatis1500
sq.ft.intheresultsweobservedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Weconcludethetenants
arecorrectandthattheproportionofhousingwith1500squarefeetislessthan75%.
B) Wecansaythereisa2.5%chanceofseeingnochangeintheproportionofhousingthatis
1500sq.ft.intheresultsweobservedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Thereisnoevidence
ofthattheproportionofhousingissmallerthan1500sq.ft.,butwecannotconcludethereis
nochangeintheproportionofhousingthatis1500sq.ft.
C) Thereisa2.5%chanceofnochangeintheproportionofhousingthatis1500sq.ft.
D) Theresultsarestatisticallysignificantandthereisevidencethatthetenantsarecorrect,that
theproportionofhousingwith1500squarefeetislessthan75%.
E) Thereisa97.5%chanceofnochangeintheproportionofhousingthatis1500sq.ft.

12)

13) InatestofH0 :=8versusHa :8,asampleofsize220leadstoap -valueof0.034.Whichof

13)

thefollowingmustbetrue?
A) Thesamplesizeisinsufficienttodrawaconclusionwith95%confidence.
B) Atthe5%levelifH0 isrejected,theprobabilityofaTypeIIerroris0.034.
C) Thenullhypothesisshouldnotberejectedatthe5%level.
D) A95%confidenceintervalforcalculatedfromthesedatawillnotinclude=8.
E) A95%confidenceintervalforcalculatedfromthesedatawillbecenteredat=8.
14) Thefederalguidelineforsmogis12%pollutantsper10,000volumeofair.Ametropolitancityis
tryingtobringitssmoglevelintofederalguidelines.Thecitycomesupwithanewpolicywhere
cityemployeesaretousecitytransportationtoandfromwork.Alocalenvironmentalgroupdoes
notthinkthecityisdoingenough,andthatthepollutionpercentageisgreaterthan12%.An
independentagencyhiredbythecitytorunatestusedarandomsamplesizeof250andfoundthe
pollutantsat15%.Testanappropriatehypothesisandstateyourconclusion.Besurethe
appropriateassumptionsandconditionsaresatisfiedbeforeyouproceed.
A) H0 :p=0.12;HA:p>0.12;z=1.56;P-value= 0.0594.Thisdatadoesnotshowachangeof
12%pollutantsintheair;thecityshouldchangeandincreaseprograms.
B) H0 :p=0.12;HA:p<0.12;z=-1.56;P-value= 0.9406.Thisdatashowsachangeof12%
pollutantsintheair;thecityshouldcontinueprograms.
C) H0 :p=0.12;HA:p>0.12;z=-1.56;P-value= 0.0594.Thisdatadoesnotshowachangeof
12%pollutantsintheair;thecityshouldchangeandincreaseprograms.
D) H0 :p=0.12;HA:p<0.12;z=1.56;P-value= 0.9406.Thisdatashowsachangeof12%
pollutantsintheair;thecityshouldcontinuewithprograms.
E) H0 :p=0.12;HA:p>0.12;z=1.46;P-value= 0.0721.Thisdatadoesnotshowachangeof
12%pollutantsintheair;thecityshouldchangeandincreaseprograms.

14)

15) AP-valueindicates
A) theprobabilityofobservingasamplevalueasfarorfartherfromthehypothesizedvalue,
whenthenullhypothesisistrue.
B) theprobabilityoftheobservedstatisticgiventhatthealternativehypothesisistrue.
C) theprobabilitythatthealternativehypothesisistrue.
D) theprobabilitythatthenullhypothesisistrue.
E) theprobabilitythenullistruegiventheobservedstatistic.

15)

16) Astatisticsprofessorwantstoseeifmorethan80%ofherstudentsenjoyedtakingherclass.Atthe
endoftheterm,shetakesarandomsampleofstudentsfromherlargeclassandasks,inan
anonymoussurvey,ifthestudentsenjoyedtakingherclass.Whichsetofhypothesesshouldshe
test?
A) H0 :p<0.80

16)

HA:p0.80
B) H0 :p<0.80
HA:p>0.80
C) H0 :p=0.80
HA:p>0.80
D) H0 :p=0.80
HA:p<0.80
E) H0 :p>0.80
HA:p=0.80
ExplainwhattheP-valuemeansinthegivencontext.
17) Astateuniversitywantstoincreaseitsretentionrateof4%forgraduatingstudentsfromthe
previousyear.Afterimplementingseveralnewprogramsduringthelasttwoyears,theuniversity
reevaluatesitsretentionrateandcomesupwithaP-valueof0.075.Whatisreasonableto
concludeaboutthenewprograms?
A) Thereisa7.5%chanceofthenewprogramshavingnoeffectonretention.
B) Thereisa92.5%chanceofthenewprogramshavingnoeffectonretention.
C) Thereissomeevidencethenewprogramsaremoreeffective,butnotenoughtoconcludethe
newprogramshavenoeffectonretention.
D) Wecansaythereisa7.5%chanceofseeingthenewprogramshavinganeffectonretention
intheresultsweobservedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Weconcludethenewprograms
aremoreeffective.
E) Theresonlya7.5%chanceofseeingthenewprogramshavingnoeffectonretentioninthe
resultsweobservedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Weconcludethenewprogramsare
moreeffective.

17)

18) Afterapoliticaladcampaignforacitysmayor,pollsterscheckthedisapprovalratings.Theytest
thehypothesisthattheadsproducednochangeagainstthealternativethattheratingsarenow
below13%,andfindaP-valueof0.11.Provideanappropriateconclusion.
A) Thereisan89%chancetheadsproducednochangeinratings.
B) Wecansaythereisan11%chanceofseeingtheadsproducearatingschangeintheresults
weobservedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Weconcludethedisapprovalratingsare
lower.
C) Thereisan11%chancetheadsproducednochangeinratings.
D) Theresonlyan11%chanceofseeingtheadsproducenoratingschangeintheresultswe
observedfromnaturalsamplingvariation.Weconcludethedisapprovalratingsarelower.
E) Thereislittleevidencethedisapprovalratingsarelower,butnotenoughttoconcludethe
ratingsremainedthesame.
Provideanappropriateresponse.
19) Anentomologistwritesanarticleinascientificjournalwhichclaimsthatfewerthan12%ofmale
firefliesareunabletoproducelightduetoageneticmutation.IdentifytheTypeIerrorinthis
context.
A) Theerroroffailingtorejecttheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast12%whenitis
actuallylessthan12%.
B) Theerroroffailingtoaccepttheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast12%whenitis
actuallylessthan12%.
C) Theerrorofrejectingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionislessthan12%whenitreallyisless
than12%.
D) Theerrorofacceptingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast12%whenitreallyisat
least12%.
E) Theerrorofrejectingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast12%whenitreallyisat
least12%.

18)

19)

20) AskepticalparanormalresearcherclaimsthattheproportionofAmericansthathaveseenaUFO,
p,islessthan5%.IdentifytheTypeIIerrorinthiscontext.
A) Theerrorofacceptingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast5%whenitreallyisat
least5%.
B) Theerrorofrejectingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast5%whenitreallyisatleast
5%.
C) Theerroroffailingtorejecttheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast5%whenitis
actuallylessthan5%.
D) Theerrorofacceptingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionisatleast5%whenitisactuallyless
than5%.
E) Theerrorofrejectingtheclaimthatthetrueproportionislessthan5%whenitreallyisless
than5%.

20)

21) Supposethataconveyorusedtosortpackagesbysizedoesnotworkproperly.Wetestthe
conveyoronseveralpackages(withHo:incorrectsort)andourdataresultsinaP-valueof0.016.

21)

Whatprobablyhappensasaresultofourtesting?
A) WerejectH0 ,makingaTypeIIerror.
B) WecorrectlyfailtorejectH0 .
C) WerejectH0 ,makingaTypeIerror.
D) WefailtorejectH0 ,committingaTypeIIerror.
E) WecorrectlyrejectH0 .

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.
22) Onmanyhighwaysstatepoliceofficersconductinspectionsofdrivinglogbooksfrom
largetruckstoseeifthetruckerhasdriventoomanyhoursinaday.Atonetruck
inspectionstationtheyissuedcitationsto49of348truckersthattheyreviewed.Basedon
theresultsofthisinspectionstation,constructandinterpreta95%confidenceintervalfor
theproportionoftruckdriversthathavedriventoomanyhoursinaday,andexplainthe
meaningof95%confidence.

22)

23) Acompanyhassurveyedasampleofitsemployeestofindouthowmanymighttake
advantageofaweightlossprogram.Thetablebelowshowstheresults.Forwhichofthe
groupscouldweuseourmethodsofinferencetodeterminea95%confidenceintervalfor
theproportionofemployeeswhowouldbewillingtoparticipateintheprogram?

23)

Numberof Number Percentto


Group
Employees Surveyed Participate
5200
250
8%
BuildingA
BuildingB
1190
150
7%
BuildingC
248
20
9%
24) Anewspaperarticlereportedthatapollbasedonasampleof800votersshowedthe
Presidentsjobapprovalratingstoodat62%.Theyclaimedamarginoferrorof
3%.Whatlevelofconfidencewerethepollstersusing?

24)

25) Domorethan50%ofU.S.adultsfeeltheygetenoughsleep?AccordingtoGallups
December2004Lifestylepoll,55%ofU.S.adultssaidthatthattheygetenoughsleep.The
pollwasbasedonarandomsampleof1003U.S.adults.Testanappropriatehypothesis
andstateyourconclusioninthecontextoftheproblem.

25)

26) ArecentpsychiatricstudyfromtheUniversityofSouthamptonobservedahigher
incidenceofdepressionamongwomenwhosebirthweightwaslessthan6.6poundsthan
inwomenwhosebirthweightwasover6.6pounds.BasedonaP-valueof0.0248the
researchersconcludedtherewasevidencethatlowbirthweightsmaybeariskfactorfor
susceptibilitytodepression.ExplainincontextwhatthereportedP-valuemeans.

26)

27) Arecentmedicalstudyobservedahigherfrequencyofheartattacksamongagroupof
baldmenthanamonganothergroupofmenwhowerenotbald.BasedonaP -valueof
0.062theresearchersconcludedtherewassomeevidencethatmalebaldnessmaybearisk
factorforpredictingheartattacks.ExplaininthiscontextwhattheirP-valuemeans.

27)

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
Usingthet-tables,software,oracalculator,estimatethecriticalvalueoftforthegivenconfidenceintervalanddegrees
offreedom.
28) 90%confidenceintervalwithdf=4.
28)
A) 2.353
B) 2.132
C) 1.645
D) 4.604
E) 1.533
29) 95%confidenceintervalwithdf=15
A) 1.960
B) 2.145

29)
C) 1.753

D) 2.131

E) 2.120

30) 99%confidenceintervalwithdf=24
A) 2.492
B) 2.797

30)
C) 2.779

D) 2.807

E) 1.711

Usethet-tables,software,oracalculatortoestimatetheindicatedP -value.
31) P-valuefort1.44with45degreesoffreedom
A) 0.9215
B) 0.1569
C) 0.9085
D) 0.0784

E) 0.0915

32) P-valuefor t >1.44with45degreesoffreedom.Thisisatwo-tailtest.


A) 0.0785
B) 0.1916
C) 0.9215
D) 0.0808

E) 0.1568

31)

32)

Provideanappropriateresponse.
33) Howmuchfatdoreducedfatcookiestypicallyhave?Youtakearandomsampleof50reduced -fat
cookiesandtesttheminalab,findingameanfatcontentof3.2gramsandastandarddeviationof
1.1gramsoffat.Havetheconditionsandassumptionsforinferencebeenmet?
A) No,itisnotarandomsample.
B) No,wehavesampledmorethan10%ofthepopulation.
C) No,thesampleisnotbigenoughtosatisfythenearlynormalcondition.
D) No,thesampleisnotlikelytoberepresentative.
E) Yes,allconditionsandassumptionsarereasonablyassumedtobemet.

33)

34) Howtallisyouraveragestatisticsclassmate?Todeterminethis,youmeasuretheheightofa
randomsampleof15ofyour100fellowstudents,findingameanheightof68inchesanda
standarddeviationof2.3inches.Havetheconditionsandassumptionsforinferencebeenmet?
A) Yes,allconditionsandassumptionshavebeenmet.
B) No,thesamplewasntrandom.
C) No,thepopulationisnotlikelytobeNormal.
D) No,thesampleismorethan10%ofthepopulation.
E) No,thesampleisnotrepresentative.

34)

35) Aresearcherwantstoestimatethemeancholesterollevelofpeopleinhiscity.Hesetsupa
walk-inclinic,andmeasuresthecholesterolof85people,findingameanlevelof224anda
standarddeviationof8.Havetheconditionsandassumptionsforinferencebeenmet?
A) No,thesampleisnotrandom.
B) No,thesampleismorethan10%ofthepopulation.
C) Yes,allconditionsandassumptionshavebeenmet.
D) No,thethesampledataislikelytobeskewed.
E) No,thesampledoesnotmeettheNearlyNormalcondition.

35)

Interprettheconfidenceinterval.
36) Datacollectedbychilddevelopmentscientistsproducedthefollowing90%confidenceintervalfor
theaverageage(inmonths)atwhichchildrensaytheirfirstword: 10.1<(age)<13.7.
A) Basedonthissample,wecansay,with90%confidence,thatthemeanageatwhichchildren
saytheirfirstwordisbetween10.1and13.7months.
B) Ifwetookmanyrandomsamplesofchildren,about90%ofthemwouldproducethis
confidenceinterval.
C) 90%ofthechildreninthissamplesaidtheirfirstwordwhentheywerebetween10.1and13.7
monthsold.
D) Weare90%surethattheaverageageatwhichchildreninthissamplesaidtheirfirstword
wasbetween10.1and13.7months.
E) Weare90%surethatachildwillsayhisfirstwordwhenheisbetween10.1and13.7months
old.
7

36)

37) Acredituniontookarandomsampleof40accountsandobtainedthefollowing90%confidence
intervalforthemeancheckingaccountbalanceattheinstitution:$2199<(balance)<$3820.
A) Weare90%surethatthemeanbalanceforcheckingaccountsinthesamplewasbetween
$2199and$3820.
B) Weare90%confidentthatthemeancheckingaccountbalanceatthiscreditunionisbetween
$2199and$3820,basedonthissample.
C) Ifwetookrandomsamplesofcheckingaccountsatthiscreditunion,aboutnineoutoftenof
themwouldproducethisconfidenceinterval.
D) About9outof10peoplehaveacheckingaccountbalancebetween $2199 and$3820.
E) Weare90%confidentthatthemeancheckingaccountbalanceintheU.S.isbetween $2199
and$3820.

37)

38) Youwanttoestimatetheaveragegaspriceinyourcityforagallonofregulargas.Fromyour
sampleof15gasstations,youcalculatea95%confidenceintervalof($1.98,$2.16)
A) Youare95%confidentthattheaveragepriceforagallonofgasinthecountryiswithin$0.09
of$2.07.
B) Ifyoutookmanysamplesofgasstationsinyourcity,about95%ofthemwouldproducethis
confidenceinterval.
C) 95%ofallsamplesofgasstationswillhaveaveragecostsbetween$1.98and$2.16.
D) Youare95%surethatgasstationsinthissamplehaveaveragecostsbetween$1.98and$2.16.
E) Youare95%surethattheaveragepriceforagallonofgasinyourcityisbetween$1.98and
$2.16.

38)

Usethegivensampledatatoconstructtheindicatedconfidenceintervalforthepopulationmean.
39) n=10,x=13.7,s=4.4
Finda95%confidenceintervalforthemean.
A) (10.60,16.80)
B) (10.60,16.83)
C) (11.15,16.25)
D) (10.57,16.83)
E) (10.55,16.85)

39)

40) n=30,x=92.4,s=7.4
Finda90%confidenceintervalforthemean.
A) (90.10,94.70)
B) (88.68,96.12)
C) (90.12,94.68)
D) (88.68,94.68)
E) (89.64,95.16)

40)

Usethegivensampledatatoconstructtheindicatedconfidenceintervalforthepopulationmean.
41) Theprincipalrandomlyselectedsixstudentstotakeanaptitudetest.Theirscoreswere:
75.2 87.7 70.5 77.1 82.1 72.9
Determinea90%confidenceintervalforthemeanscoreforallstudents.
A) (82.80,82.80)
B) (82.80,72.37)
C) (72.37,82.80)
D) (82.90,72.27)
E) (72.27,82.90)

41)

Determinethemarginoferrorinestimatingthepopulationparameter.
42) Todeterminethemeannumberofunpoppedkernelsinyourfavoritebrandofmicrowave
popcorn,youpoparandomsampleof50bagsofpopcornandconstructof98%confidence
intervalof(12.5,15.4).
A) 2.90unpoppedkernels
B) 1.50unpoppedkernels
C) 1.23unpoppedkernels
D) 1.45unpoppedkernels
E) Notenoughinformationisgiven.
43) AscientistinSmallvilletestedthecholesterolofarandomsampleof35townresidents.He
constructedthefollowingconfidenceinterval:
t-intervalfor:with99.00%Confidence,
188<(Cholesterol)<206
A) 18
B) 9
C) 1.09
D) 197
E) Notenoughinformationisgiven.
Classifythehypothesistestaslower-tailed,upper-tailed,ortwo-sided.
44) Inthepast,themeanrunningtimeforacertaintypeofflashlightbatteryhasbeen 8.4hours.The
manufacturerhasintroducedachangeintheproductionmethodandwantstoperforma
hypothesistesttodeterminewhetherthemeanrunningtimehaschangedasaresult.
B) Lower-tailed
C) Two-sided
A) Upper-tailed

42)

43)

44)

45) Amanufacturerclaimsthatthemeanamountofjuiceinits 16ounce bottlesis16.1ounces.A


consumeradvocacygroupwantstoperformahypothesistesttodeterminewhetherthemean
amountisactuallylessthanthis.
A) Two-sided
B) Upper-tailed
C) Lower-tailed

45)

46) Ahealthinsurerhasdeterminedthatthereasonableandcustomaryfeeforacertainmedical
procedureis$1200.Theysuspectthattheaveragefeechargedbyoneparticularclinicforthis
procedureishigherthan$1200.Theinsurerwantstoperformahypothesistesttodetermine
whethertheirsuspicioniscorrect.
C) Upper-tailed
A) Two-sided
B) Lower-tailed

46)

Forthegivenhypothesistest,explainthemeaningofaTypeIerrororaTypeIIerror,asspecified.
47) Amanufacturerclaimsthatthemeanamountofjuiceinits 16-ounce bottlesis16.1ounces.A
consumeradvocacygroupwantstoperformahypothesistesttodeterminewhetherthemean
amountisactuallylessthanthis.Thehypothesesare:
H :=16.1ounces
0
H :<16.1ounces
A
ExplaintheresultofaTypeIerror.
A) Theadvocacygroupwillconcludethatthemeanamountofjuiceislessthan16.1ounces
wheninfactitis16.1ounces.
B) Theadvocacygroupwillconcludethatthemeanamountofjuiceis16.1ounceswheninfact
itis16.1ounces.
C) Theadvocacygroupwillconcludethatthemeanamountofjuiceis16.1ounceswheninfact
itislessthan16.1ounces.
D) Theadvocacygroupwillconcludethatthemeanamountofjuiceisgreaterthan16.1ounces
wheninfactitis16.1ounces.
E) Theadvocacygroupwillconcludethatthemeanamountofjuiceislessthan16.1ounces
wheninfactitislessthan16.1ounces.
48) Amanisontrialaccusedofmurderinthefirstdegree.Theprosecutorpresentsevidencethathe
hopeswillconvincethejurytorejectthehypothesisthatthemanisinnocent.Thissituationcanbe
modeledasahypothesistestwiththefollowinghypotheses:
H :Thedefendantisnotguilty.
0
H :Thedefendantisguilty.
A
ExplaintheresultofaTypeIIerror.
A) Thejurywillconcludethatthedefendantisguiltywheninfactheisnotguilty.
B) Thejurywillfailtoreachadecision.
C) Thejurywillconcludethatthedefendantisnotguiltywheninfactheisnotguilty.
D) Thejurywillconcludethatthedefendantisnotguiltywheninfactheisguilty.
E) Thejurywillconcludethatthedefendantisguiltywheninfactheisguilty.
Useahypothesistesttotestthegivenclaim.
49) Isthemeanlifetimeofparticulartypeofcarenginegreaterthan220,000miles?Totestthisclaim,a
sampleof23enginesismeasured,yieldinganaverageof226,450milesandastandarddeviationof
11,500miles.
A) Rejectthenullhypothesisof=220,000withaP-valueof0.01338.Thereissufficient
evidencethattheengineslastlongerthan220,000miles.
B) Rejectthenullhypothesisof=220,000withaP-valueof0.00669.Thereissufficient
evidencethattheengineslastlongerthan220,000miles.
C) Thereisnotenoughinformationtoperformthetest.
D) Failtorejectthenullhypothesisof=220,000withaP-valueof0.9933.Thereisnot
sufficientevidencethattheengineslastlongerthan220,000miles.
E) FailtorejectthenullhypothesiswithaP-valueof0.07352.Thereisnotsufficientevidence
thattheengineslastlongerthan220,000miles.

10

47)

48)

49)

50) Marcwantstoknowifthemeanageoftheprisonpopulationinhiscityislessthan26years.He
obtainsarandomsampleof25prisoners,andfindsameanageof24.4yearsandastandard
deviationof9.2years.Whatishisconclusion?
A) Failtorejectthenullhypothesisof = 26withaP-valueof0.1966.Thereisnotsufficient
evidencethatthemeanageislessthan26years.
B) Thereisnotenoughinformationtoperformthetest.
C) Rejectthenullhypothesisof=26withaP-valueof0.018.Thereissufficientevidencethat
themeanageislessthan26years.
D) Failtorejectthenullhypothesisof = 26withaP-valueof0.8034.Thereisnotsufficient
evidencethatthemeanageislessthan26years.
E) Rejectthenullhypothesisof=26withaP-valueof0.0425.Theevidencesuggeststhatthe
meanageislessthan26years.

50)

51) Alargesoftwarecompanygivesjobapplicantsatestofprogrammingability,andthemeanscore
forthetesthasbeen160inthepast.Twenty-fiveapplicantsarerandomlyselectedfromonelarge
universityandtheyproduceameanscoreof165,withastandarddeviationof13.Doesthis
indicatethatthesamplecomesfromapopulationwithameanscoregreaterthan160?
A) Yes.WithaP-valueof0.0332,werejectthenullhypothesisof=160.
B) Yes.WithaP-valueof0.0024,werejectthenullhypothesisof=160.
C) No.WithaP-valueof0.9668,wefailtorejectthenullhypothesisof =160.
D) No.WithaP-valueof0.0664,wefailtorejectthenullhypothesisof =160.
E) No.WithaP-valueof0.9336,wefailtorejectthenullhypothesisof =160.

51)

Provideanappropriateresponse.
52) Supposethatscoresformenonanaptitudetesthavegreatervariabilitythanscoresforwomenon
thesametest.Inotherwords,thepopulationstandarddeviationisgreaterforthepopulationof
menthanforthepopulationofwomen.Basedonasampleofsize50,a95%confidenceintervalfor
themeanscore,,ofallwomenhasamarginoferrorof2.2.Whichofthefollowingconfidence
intervalswillhaveasmallermarginoferror?
A.A99%confidenceintervalforthemeanscoreofwomen.Samplesize =50
B.A95%confidenceintervalforthemeanscoreofwomen.Samplesize=100
C.A95%confidenceintervalforthemeanscoreofmen.Samplesize =50
B) A,B,C
C) C
D) A
A) AandB

E) B

53) Supposeyouhaveobtainedaconfidenceintervalfor, butwishtoobtainagreaterdegreeof


precision.Whichofthefollowingwouldresultinanarrowerconfidenceinterval?
A.Increasingthesamplesizewhilekeepingtheconfidencelevelfixed
B.Decreasingthesamplesizewhilekeepingtheconfidencelevelfixed
C.Increasingtheconfidencelevelwhilekeepingthesamplesizefixed
D.Decreasingtheconfidencelevelwhilekeepingthesamplesizefixed
B) BandC
C) BandD
D) CandD
A) AandD

53)

E) AandC

54) WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutStudentst-models?
I. Theyareunimodal,symmetric,andbell-shaped.
II. TheyhavefattertailsthantheNormalmodel.
III. Asthedegreesoffreedomincrease,thet-modelslookmoreandmoreliketheNormal.
A) IandIII
B) IIanIII
C) IandII
D) I,II,III
E) Ionly

11

52)

54)

55) Awildlifebiologistwantstodeterminethemeanweightofadultredsquirrels.Shecaptures10
squirrelsshebelievestoberepresentativeofthespeciesandweighsthem,findingameanof12.32
gramsandstandarddeviationof1.88gm.Assumingthesesquirrelscanbeconsideredarandom
sampleofallredsquirrelswhichofthefollowingformulasgivesa95%confidenceintervalforthe
meanweightofallsquirrels?
1.88
A) 12.322.228
10
B) 12.322.262

1.88
10

C) 12.322.262

1.88
9

D) 12.321.96

55)

1.88
10

E) 12.322.228

1.88
9

56) WewanttoknowthemeanwinningscoreattheUSOpengolfchampionship.Aninternetsearch
givesusallthescoresforthehistoryofthattournament,andwecreatea95%confidenceinterval
basedonat-distribution.Thisprocedurewasnotappropriate.Why?
A) Thepopulationstandarddeviationisknown,soweshouldhaveusedaz -model.
B) Inbiggolftournamentstheplayersarenotrandomlyselected.
C) TigerWoodsrecentrecord-settingscoreisprobablyanoutlier.
D) Theentirepopulationofscoreswasgatheredsothereisnoreasontodoinference.
E) Sincethesearethebestplayersintheworld,thescoresareprobablyskewed.

56)

57) Anelementaryschoolprincipalwantstoknowthemeannumberofchildreninfamilieswhose
childrenattendthisschool.Hechecksallthefamiliesusingtheschoolsregistrationrecords,and
weusetheTI-83tocreatea95%confidenceintervalbasedonat-distribution.Thisprocedurewas
notappropriate.Why?
A) Therecentrecord-settingfamilywithtwelvechildrenisprobablyanoutlier.
B) Theentirepopulationoffamilieswasgatheredsothereisnoreasontodoinference.
C) Atagivenschoolfamiliesarenotrandomlyselected.
D) Thepopulationstandarddeviationisknown,soheshouldhaveusedaz -model.
E) Sincethesefamiliesarefromonlyoneschool,thefamilysizesmaybeskewed.

57)

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.
58) Studentsinvestigatingthepackagingofchocolatechipcookiespurchased1016 -ounce
bagsofaparticularbrand.Theycarefullyweighedthecontentsofeachbag,recordingthe
followingweights(inounces):16.6,15.2,16.5,15.9,15.9,16.2,16.3,15.8,15.6,16.0.The
studentsplantotestthehypothesisthatthemeanweightagreeswiththecompanys
statedweightoneachbag.Decidewhetherornottheconditionsandassumptionsfor
inferencewithat-testaresatisfied.Explainyouranswer.

58)

59) Agroupofresearcherswantstodeterminethemeanannualhouseholdincomefor
familiesreceivingservicesatalargecommunitycenter.Theyrandomlyselecttenfamilies
andrecordthefollowinghouseholdincomes:$23,955,$22,740,$22,660,$23,800,$23,500,
$24,250,$14,340,$20,390,$24,150,$24,200.Decidewhetherornottheconditionsand
assumptionsforinferencewithat-testaresatisfied.Explainyouranswer.

59)

12

60) ThedistributionofthenumberofvacationdaysperyearofferedbydifferentU.S.
companiesisskewedtotheright.Wecollectdataonthenumberofvacationdaysfroma
randomsampleof60companiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Whyisitokaytousethesedata
forinferenceeventhoughthepopulationisskewed?

60)

61) ThedistributionofthenumberofvacationdaysperyearofferedbydifferentU.S.
companiesisskewedtotheright.Themeanandstandarddeviationofthe60companies
inoursamplewere22daysand9days,respectively.Specifythesamplingmodel(shape,
center,spread)forthemeannumberofvacationdaysofsuchsamples.

61)

62) ThedistributionofthenumberofvacationdaysperyearofferedbydifferentU.S.
companiesisskewedtotheright.Finda95%confidenceintervalforthemeannumberof
vacationdaysofferedbyU.S.companies.Explainwhat95%confidencemeansinthis
context.

62)

63) Agovernmentreportonhousingcostssaysthatsingle -familyhomepricesnationwideare


skewedtotheright,withameanof$235,700.Wecollectpricedatafromarandomsample
of50homesinOrangeCounty,California.Whyisitokaytousethesedataforinference
eventhoughthepopulationisskewed?

63)

64) Agovernmentreportonhousingcostssaysthatsingle -familyhomepricesnationwideare


skewedtotheright,withameanof$235,700.Wecollectpricedatafromarandomsample
of50homesinOrangeCounty,California.Thestandarddeviationofthe50homesinour
samplewas$25,500.Specifythesamplingmodel(shape,center,spread)forthemeanprice
ofsuchsamples.

64)

65) Agovernmentreportonhousingcostssaysthatsingle -familyhomepricesnationwideare


skewedtotheright,withameanof$235,700.Wecollectpricedatafromarandomsample
of50homesinOrangeCounty,California.Thissampleofrandomlychosenhomes
produceda90%confidenceintervalforthemeanpriceinOrangeCountyof($233954,
$246046).Doesthisintervalprovideevidencethatsingle -familyhomepricesare
unusuallyhighinthiscounty?Explainbriefly.

65)

66) Agovernmentreportonstandardoflivingsaysthatfamilyincomesnationwideare
skewedtotheright,withameanof$33400.Wecollectincomedatafromarandom
sampleof50localfamilies.Whyisitokaytousethesedataforinferenceeventhoughthe
populationisskewed?

66)

67) Agovernmentreportonstandardoflivingsaysthatfamilyincomesnationwideare
skewedtotheright,withameanof$33400.Wecollectincomedatafromarandom
sampleof50localfamilies.Thestandarddeviationofthe50incomesinoursamplewas
$25,530.Specifythesamplingmodel(shape,center,spread)forthemeanincomeofsuch
samples.

67)

13

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
68) Acollegealumnifundappealsfordonationsbyphoningoremailingrecentgraduates.Arandom
sampleof300alumnishowsthat40%ofthe150whowerecontactedbytelephoneactuallymade
contributionscomparedtoonly30%ofthe150whoreceivedemailrequests.Whichformula
calculatesthe99.7%confidenceintervalforthedifferenceintheproportionsofalumniwhomay
makedonationsifcontactedbyphoneorbyemail?
(0.40)(0.60) (0.30)(0.70)
+
A) (0.40-0.30)3
150
150
B) (0.40-0.30)3

(0.40)(0.60) (0.30)(0.70)
+
300
300

C) (0.40-0.30)3

(0.35)(0.65) (0.35)(0.65)
+
150
150

D) (0.40-0.30)3

(0.35)(0.65)
300

E) (0.40-0.30)3

(0.35)(0.65)
150

68)

Constructtheindicatedconfidenceintervalforthedifferenceinproportions.Assumethatthesamplesareindependent
andthattheyhavebeenrandomlyselected.
69)
69) Asurveyofrandomlychosenadultsfoundthat26ofthe63womenand42ofthe73menfollow
regularexerciseprograms.Constructa95%confidenceintervalforthedifferenceinthe
proportionsofwomenandmenwhohaveregularexerciseprograms.
A) (0.405,0.738)
B) (0.373,0.770)
C) (-0.202,0.738)
D) (-0.202,0.770)
E) (-0.33,0.01)
70) AmarketingsurveyinvolvesproductrecognitioninNewYorkandCalifornia.Of558New
Yorkerssurveyed,193knewtheproductwhile196outof614Californiansknewtheproduct.
Constructa99.7%confidenceintervalforthedifferenceintheproportionsofNewYorkersand
Californianswhoknewtheproduct.
A) (-0.0617,0.1150)
B) (-0.0034,0.0566)
C) (-0.0442,0.0975)
D) (-0.0443,0.0566)
E) (0.0247,0.0286)

14

70)

Interpretthegivenconfidenceinterval.
71) Supposetheproportionofwomenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogramis pw andthe

71)

proportionofmenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogramispm .Astudyfounda90%confidence
intervalforpw-pm is(-0.025,0.113).Giveaninterpretationofthisconfidenceinterval.
A) Weare90%confidentthattheproportionofmenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogramis
between2.5%lessand11.3%morethantheproportionofwomenwhofollowaregular
exerciseprogram.
B) Weknowthat90%ofallrandomsamplesdoneonthepopulationwillshowthatthe
proportionofwomenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogramisbetween2.5%lessand11.3%
morethantheproportionofmenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogram.
C) Weare90%confidentthattheproportionofwomenwhofollowaregularexerciseprogram
isbetween2.5%lessand11.3%morethantheproportionofmenwhofollowaregular
exerciseprogram.
D) Weknowthat90%ofwomenexercisebetween2.5%lessand11.3%morethanmen.
E) Weknowthat90%ofmenexercisebetween2.5%lessand11.3%morethanwomen.
72) Supposetheproportionofsophomoresataparticularcollegewhopurchasedusedtextbooksinthe
pastyearisps andtheproportionoffreshmenatthecollegewhopurchasedusedtextbooksinthe

72)

pastyearispf.Astudyfounda90%confidenceintervalforps -pfis(0.239,0.427).Givean
interpretationofthisconfidenceinterval.
A) Weare90%confidentthatatthiscollegetheproportionoffreshmenwhoboughtused
textbooksisbetween23.9%and42.7%higherthantheproportionofsophomoreswho
boughtusedtextbooks.
B) Weknowthat90%ofsophomoresboughtbetween23.9%and42.7%moreusedtextbooks
thanfreshmenatthiscollege.
C) Weknowthat90%ofallrandomsamplesdoneonthepopulationwillshowthatthe
proportionofsophomoreswhoboughtusedtextbooksisbetween 23.9%and42.7%higher
thantheproportionoffreshmenwhoboughtusedtextbooks.
D) Weare90%confidentthatatthiscollegetheproportionofsophomoreswhoboughtused
textbooksisbetween23.9%and42.7%higherthantheproportionoffreshmenwhobought
usedtextbooks.
E) Weare90%confidentthatsophomoresatthiscollegeboughtbetween23.9%and42.7%more
usedtextbooksthanfreshmen.
73) AmarketingsurveyinvolvesproductrecognitioninNewYorkandCalifornia.Supposethe
proportionofNewYorkerswhorecognizedaproductisp1 andtheproportionofCalifornians
whorecognizedtheproductisp2 .Thesurveyfounda95%confidenceintervalforp1 -p2 is
(-0.21,-0.18).Giveaninterpretationofthisconfidenceinterval.
A) Weknowthat95%ofNewYorkersrecognizedtheproductbetween1.8%and2.1%more
oftenthanCalifornians.
B) Weknowthat95%ofallrandomsamplesdoneonthepopulationwillshowthatthe
proportionofCalifornianswhoknewtheproductisbetween1.8%and2.1%higherthanthe
proportionofNewYorkerswhoknewtheproduct.
C) Weare95%confidentthattheproportionofCalifornianswhorecognizedtheproductis
between1.8%and2.1%higherthantheproportionofNewYorkerswhorecognizedthe
product.
D) Weare95%confidentthattheproportionofNewYorkerswhorecognizedtheproductis
between1.8%and2.1%higherthantheproportionofCalifornianswhorecognizedthe
product.
E) Weknowthat95%ofCaliforniansrecognizedtheproductbetween1.8%and2.1%more
oftenthanNewYorkers.
15

73)

Constructtheindicatedconfidenceintervalforthedifferencebetweenthetwopopulationmeans.Assumethatthe
assumptionsandconditionsforinferencehavebeenmet.
74)
74) Agrocerystoreisinterestedindeterminingwhetherornotadifferenceexistsbetweentheshelf
lifeoftwodifferentbrandsofdoughnuts.Arandomsampleof100boxesofeachbrandwas
selectedandtheshelflifeindayswasdeterminedforeachbox.Thesampleresultsaregiven
below.
BrandA BrandB
x=2.1 x=2.9
s=0.8 s=1.1
n=100 n=100
Finda90%confidenceintervalforA-B,thedifferenceinmeanshelflifebetweenbrandAand
brandB.
A) (-1.53,-0.08)
B) (0.08,1.53)
C) (2.1,2.9)
D) (-1.03,-0.58)
E) (0.58,1.03)
Usethepairedt-intervalproceduretoobtaintherequiredconfidenceintervalforthemeandifference.Assumethatthe
conditionsandassumptionsforinferencearesatisfied.
75) Atestofwritingabilityisgiventoarandomsampleofstudentsbeforeandaftertheycompleteda
75)
formalwritingcourse.Theresultsaregivenbelow.Constructa99%confidenceintervalforthe
meandifferencebetweenthebeforeandafterscoresifd(after-before)=-2.0ands d=2.6457
Before7080929993977663687174
After6979909691957564626476
A) (-0.1,4.1)
B) (-0.2,4.2)
C) (-4.5,0.5)
D) (-13.6,17.6)
E) (1.2,2.8)
Interpretthegivenconfidenceinterval.
76) Aresearcherwasinterestedincomparingthesalariesoffemaleandmaleemployeesofaparticular
company.Independentrandomsamplesoffemaleemployees(sample1)andmaleemployees
(sample2)weretakentocalculatethemeansalary,indollarsperweek,foreachgroup.A 90%
confidenceintervalforthedifference, - ,betweenthemeanweeklysalaryofallfemale
1
2
employeesandthemeanweeklysalaryofallmaleemployeeswasdeterminedtobe (-$110,$60).
A) Basedonthesedata,with90%confidence,maleemployeesatthiscompanyaveragebetween
$110lessand$60moreperweekthanthefemaleemployees.
B) Weknowthat90%ofallrandomsamplesdoneontheemployeesatthiscompanywillshow
thattheaveragefemalesalaryisbetween$110lessand$60moreperweekthantheaverage
malesalary.
C) Weare90%confidentthatarandomlyselectedfemaleemployeeatthiscompanymakes
between$110lessand$60moreperweekthanarandomlyselectedmaleemployee.
D) Weknowthat90%offemaleemployeesatthiscompanymakebetween$110lessand$60
morethanthemaleemployees.
E) Basedonthesedata,with90%confidence,femaleemployeesatthiscompanyaverage
between$110lessand$60moreperweekthanthemaleemployees.
16

76)

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.
Useatwoproportionz-testtoperformtherequiredhypothesistest.Statetheconclusion.
77) Usethegivensampledatatotesttheclaimthatp 1 > p2 .
Sample1

Sample2

n 1 =85

n 2 =90

x1 =38

x2=23

78) Usethegivensampledatatotesttheclaimthatp 1 < p2 .


Sample1

Sample2

n 1 =462

n 2 =380

x1 =84

x2=95

77)

78)

Useapairedt-testtoperformtherequiredhypothesistestfortwopopulationmeans.Assumethattheconditionsand
assumptionsforinferencearesatisfied.
79)
79) Fivestudentstookamathtestbeforeandaftertutoring.Theirscoreswereasfollows.
Subject A B C D E
Before 67 75 79 69 75
After 71 84 77 72 87
Dothedatasuggestthatthetutoringhasaneffectonthemathscores?Performapaired
t-testatthe5%significancelevel.
Decidewhetherornottheconditionsandassumptionsforinferencewiththetwo -proportionz-testaresatisfied.
Explainyouranswer.
80) ApollofrandomlyselectedAmericansbetweentheagesof20and29reportsthat35of
80)
410menand59of398womensufferedfrominsomniaatleastonceaweekduringthepast
year.
81) AnIllinoisstudyexaminedtheeffectofdaycareonbehaviorintoddlers.Randomly
selectedparentswhohadatoddlerinfull-timedaycarewereaskediftheirchildhad
behavioralproblems.Theresearchersfoundthatamong987parentssurveyed,212said
theirchildhadbehavioralproblems.Among349randomlyselectedparentswitha
toddlerathome,17reportedthattheirchildhadbehavioralproblems.

81)

82) AresearcherwishestodeterminewhethertheproportionofAmericanwomenwhosmoke
differsfromtheproportionofAmericanmenwhosmoke.Hewantstotestthehypothesis
H0 :p1 =p2 wherep1 representstheproportionofAmericanwomenwhosmokeandp2

82)

representstheproportionofAmericanmenwhosmoke.Herandomlyselects100married
couples.Amongthe100womeninthesampleare21smokers.Amongthe100menare29
smokers.Aretheassumptionsforatwo-samplez-testfortwopopulationproportions
met?Ifnot,whichassumptionisviolatedandwhy?
83) Aresearcherwishedtotesttheclaimthattherateofdefectivesamongthecomputersof
twodifferentmanufacturersisthesame.Sheselectedtwoindependentrandomsamples
andfoundthat1.5%of400computersfrommanufacturerAweredefectiveand3.5%of
200computersfrommanufacturerBweredefective.

17

83)

Useatwoproportionz-testtoperformtherequiredhypothesistest.Statetheconclusion.
84) Aresearcherfindsthatof1,000peoplewhosaidthattheyattendareligiousserviceatleast
onceaweek,31stoppedtohelpapersonwithcartrouble.Of1,200peopleinterviewed
whohadnotattendedareligiousserviceatleastonceamonth,22stoppedtohelpa
personwithcartrouble.Dothedataprovidesufficientevidencetoconcludethatthetwo
proportionsaredifferent?

84)

Decidewhetherornottheconditionsandassumptionsforinferencewithatwo -samplet-intervalaresatisfied.Explain
youranswer.
85)
85) Astudywasconductedtodeterminewhichcabcompanygivesquickerservice.
CompaniesAandBwereeachcalledat50randomlyselectedtimes.Theresponsetimes
wererecorded.Theresultswereasfollows.

Meanresponsetime
Standarddeviation

CompanyA
7.6minutes
1.4minutes

CompanyB
6.9minutes
1.7minutes

86) Theownerofalargeapartmentcomplexhadanin -groundswimmingpoolinstalledinan


efforttoincreasetenantsatisfaction.Ninetenantswererandomlyselectedtocompletea
questionnairethatassessedtheirlevelofsatisfactionwiththeapartmentcomplex.Their
scoresbeforeandaftertheinstallationofthepoolareshown.Theownerwantstoassess
theeffectivenessofthepoolinincreasingtenantsatisfaction.
Tenant LevelofSatisfaction LevelofSatisfaction
Number
BeforePool
AfterPool
3
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
5
4
4
3
5
2
4
6
5
5
7
2
3
8
3
3
9
3
4

18

86)

AnswerKey
Testname:INTROSTATS2FINALEXAMREVIEW

1) D
2) D
3) C
4) B
5) A
6) B
7) E
8) C
9) E
10) D
11) A
12) D
13) D
14) E
15) A
16) C
17) C
18) E
19) E
20) C
21) C
22) Conditions:
*Independence:Weassumethatonetruckersdrivingtimesdonotinfluenceothertruckersdrivingtimes.
*RandomCondition:Weassumethattrucksarestoppedatrandom.
*10%Condition:Thissampleof348truckersislessthan10%ofalltruckers.
*Success/Failure:49ticketsand299ticketsarebothatleast10,sooursampleislargeenough.
UndertheseconditionsthesamplingdistributionoftheproportioncanbemodeledbyaNormalmodel.
Wewillfindaone-proportionz-interval.
^^

pq
(0.14)(0.86)
=
=0.0186
Weknown=348andp=0.14,soSE(p)=
n
348
^

ThesamplingmodelisNormal,fora95%confidenceintervalthecriticalvalueis z *=1.96.
^
ThemarginoferrorisME=z *SE(p)=1.96(0.0186)=0.0365.
The95%confidenceintervalis0.140.0365or(0.1035,0.1765).
Weare95%confidentthatbetween10.4%and17.7%oftruckdrivershavedriventoomanyhoursinaday.
Ifwerepeatedthesamplingandcreatednewconfidenceintervalsmanytimeswewouldexpectabout95%ofthose
intervalstocontaintheactualproportionoftruckdriversthathavedriventoomanyhoursinaday.
23) BuildingAonly.
^^

24) SinceME=z *

pq
,wehavez *=
n

0.03
1.75
(0.62)(0.38)
800

P(-1.75<z<1.75)=92%.

19

AnswerKey
Testname:INTROSTATS2FINALEXAMREVIEW

25) Hypothesis:H0 :p=0.50

HA:p> 0.50
Plan:OkaytousetheNormalmodelbecausethetrialsareindependent(randomsampleofU.S.adults),these1003
U.S.adultsarelessthan10%ofallU.S.adults,andn p0 =(1003)(0.50)=501.510andnqo=(1003)(0.50)=501.510.

Wewilldoaone-proportionz-test.
poqo
^
(0.50)(0.50)
Mechanics:SD(p0 )=
=
=0.0158;sampleproportion:p=0.55
n
1003
^

P(p>0.55)=P z>

0.55-0.50
=P(z>3.16)=0.0008
0.158

WithaP-valueof0.0008,Irejectthenullhypothesis.ThereisstrongevidencethattheproportionofU.S.adultswho
feeltheygetenoughsleepismorethan50%.
26) Ifbirthweightwasnotariskfactorforsusceptibilitytodepression,anobserveddifferenceinincidenceofdepression
thislarge(orlarger)wouldoccurinonly2.48%ofsuchsamples.
27) Ifbaldnessisnotariskfactoranobservedlevelofheartattacksthismuchhigher(ormore)wouldoccurinonly6%of
suchsamples.
28) B
29) D
30) B
31) D
32) E
33) E
34) D
35) A
36) A
37) B
38) E
39) E
40) A
41) C
42) D
43) B
44) C
45) C
46) C
47) A
48) D
49) B
50) A
51) A
52) E
53) A
54) D
55) B
56) D
57) B
58) Thedataprobablycomprisearandomsample,although,ifthebagswereallpurchasedtogether,theywereprobably
packagedatthesameplant.Thesamplecompriseslessthan10%ofallthebagsoftheparticularbrandofcookies.
Thenearlynormalconditionseemsreasonablesincethehistogramisunimodalandfairlysymmetricwithnoapparent
outliers.
20

AnswerKey
Testname:INTROSTATS2FINALEXAMREVIEW

59) Thesampleisrandomlyselected,anditisreasonabletoassumethatthesampleislessthan10%ofthepopulation.
However,sincethereisanoutlierandthedataisskewed,thenearlynormalconditionisnotmet.Sincethesample
sizeissosmallandthedatadonotcloselyfollowaNormalmodel,theconditionsforinferencearenotsatisfied.
60) Because the sample size is greater than 30, by the Central Limit Theorem the sampling distribution is approximately normal.
9
61) t59 22,
60
62) Conditions:
*Randomizationcondition:WehavearandomsampleofU.S.companies.
*10%condition:Thesampleislessthan10%ofthetotalnumberofU.S.companies.
*NearlyNormalcondition:Weknowthedistributionisskewed,butwehavealargeenoughsamplesizetoproceed.
Wecanfindat-intervalformeannumberofvacationdays.
9
=1.16.
Weknow:n=60,y=22,s=9,andSE(y)=
60
*
s
*
.Wehave t 59 =2.009(weactuallyusethecriticalvalueforat
Ourconfidenceintervalhastheformy t n-1
n
with50degreesoffreedom).Our95%confidenceintervalisthen22 2.009

9
=222.33,or19.7to24.3.
60

Weare95%confidentthattheinterval19.7to24.3containsthetruemeannumberofvacationdaysthataregivenby
U.S.companies.
Ifmanyrandomsamplesofsize60weretaken,95%oftheconfidenceintervalsproducedwouldcontaintheactual
meannumberofvacationdaysofferedbyU.S.companies.
63) Thegovernmentreportusesalargesamplesize.
64) t49(235700,3606.24)
65) No,thiscountysmeanhomepricecouldbethesameasthenationalaveragebecause$235,700isintheconfidence
interval.
66) Largesamplesize
67) t49(33400,3610.49)
68) A
69) E
70) A
71) C
72) D
73) C
74) D
75) C
76) E
77) H

: p - p =0
H : p - p > 0
0
1
2
A
1
2
Teststatistic:z=2.66
P-value=0.00394
Rejectthenullhypothesis.Thereissufficientevidencetosupporttheclaimthat p

78) H0 :p1 -p2 =0

HA:p1 -p2< 0

> p

Teststatistic:z=-2.41
P-value=0.008057
Rejectthenullhypothesis.Thereissufficientevidencetosupporttheclaimthatp 1 <p2 .

21

AnswerKey
Testname:INTROSTATS2FINALEXAMREVIEW
=0
d
: 0
A
d
Teststatistic:t=-2.134
P-value=0.0998
Donotreject H .Atthe5%significancelevel,thedatadonotprovidesufficientevidencetoconcludethatthe
0
tutoringhasaneffectonthemathscores.
80) Theassumptionsandconditionsnecessaryforinferencearesatisfied.Thesamplesarebothrandom.Eachsample
containslessthan10%ofthepopulation.Thesamplesareindependentofeachother.Thereareatleast10successes
andatleast10failuresineachsample.
81) Theassumptionsandconditionsnecessaryforinferencearesatisfied.Thesamplesarebothrandom.Eachsample
containslessthan10%ofthepopulation.Thesamplesareindependentofeachother.Thereareatleast10successes
andatleast10failuresineachsample.
82) Theassumptionsandconditionsnecessaryforinferencearenotsatisfied.Sincemarriedcouplesweresurveyed,the
twosamplesarenotindependent.
83) Theassumptionsandconditionsnecessaryforinferencearenotsatisfied.Thereareonly6defectivesfrom
manufacturerAand7defectivesfrommanufacturerB.Thisviolatesthesuccess/failureconditionwhichrequiresthat
atleast10successesandatleast10failuresbeobservedineachsample.
HA:p1 -p2 0
84) H0 :p1 -p2 =0
79) H

Teststatistic:z=1.93
P-value=0.0537
Failtorejectthenullhypothesis.Thereisnotsufficientevidencetoconcludethatthetwoproportionsaredifferent.
85) Theconditionsandassumptionsforinferenceappeartobesatisfied.Thesamplesareindependentofeachother.The
samplesappeartobeindependentandrandomsincethetimeswereselectedrandomlyandwecanassumethatthe50
callsrepresentfewerthan10%ofthetotalcallstoeachcompany.Sincebothsamplesizesarelargerthan40,the
CentralLimitTheoremapplies.
86) Thetwo-samplet-testcannotbeusedonthisdata.Thesearenottwoindependentsamples.Thesearebeforeand
afterscoresforthesameindividuals.

22

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