Prepared by: Yasir Fraz Chishti BsIT from PUCIT Software Engineer

Unit 1 PHYSICS notes for 9 th class by Yasir Fraz Chishti (BsIT) s/w Engineer
Encircle the correct answer from the given choices.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

VIII.
IX.

X.

The number of base units in SI are:

(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 9
Which one of the following unit is not a derived unit?
(a) pascal
(b) kilogramme
(c) newton
(d) watt
Amount of a substance in terms of numbers is measured in:
(a) gram
(b) kilogramme
(c) newton
(d) mole
An interval of 200 is equivalent to
(a) 0.2s
(b) 0.02s
(c) 2
(d) 2106
Which of the following is the smallest quantity?
(a) 0.01 g
(b) 2 mg
(c) 100g
(d) 5000 ng
Which instrument is most suitable to measure the internal diameter of a test tube
(a) metre rule (b) Vernier Callipers
(c) measuring tape
(d) screw gauge
A student claimed the diameter of a wire as 1.032 cm using vernier calipers. Up to what extent do
you agree with it?
(a) 1 cm
(b) 1.0 cm
(c) 1.03 cm
(d) 1.032 cm
A measuring cylinder is used to measure:
(a) mass
(b) area (c) volume
(d) level of a liquid
A student noted the thickness of a glass sheet using a screw gauge. On the main scale, it reads 3
divisions while 8th division on the circular scale coincides with index line. Its thickness is:
(a) 3.8 cm
(b) 3.08 mm
(c) 3.8 mm
(d) 3.08 m
Significant figures in an expression are :
(a) all the digits
(b) all the accurately known digits
(c) all the accurately known
digits and the first doubtful digit
(d) all the accurately known and all the doubtful
digits

Q.1: What is the difference between base quantities and derived quantities? Give three examples in each case?
Answer: Base quantities: Those physical quantities on the basis of which other quantities are expressed.
Examples: Time, Mass, Length
Derived quantities: Those physical quantities that are expressed in terms of base quantities.
Examples: Speed, Force, Pressure

Q.2: Pick out the base units in the following: joule, newton, kilogramme, hertz, mole, ampere, metre, kelvin,
coulomb and watt.

Answer: Base units: kilogramme, mole, ampere, metre, kelvin

Q.3: Find the base quantities involved in each of the following derived quantities:
(a) speed

(b) volume

(c) force

(d) work

Answer: Speed: It has been derived from Length and Time Volume: It has been derived from Length
Force: It has been derived from Length, Mass and Time Work: It has been derived from Length, Mass and Time

Q.4: Estimate your age in seconds.

Answer: My age: 17 years
1 = 365 1 = 365 24 1 = 365 24 60
1 = 365 24 60 60 = 17 365 24 60 60 = 536112000

Q.5: What role SI units have played in the development of science?

Answer: With the developments in the field of science and technology, the need for commonly acceptable system

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of units was fulfilled by SI units. Establishment of SI units has played a vital role for the developments in the field
of science and technology.

Q.6: What is meant by Vernier constant?

Prepared by: Yasir Fraz Chishti BsIT from PUCIT Software Engineer
Answer: The difference between one small division on main scale division and one vernier scale division is 0.1 mm
or 0.01 cm.It is called least count or vernier constant of vernier callipers.

Q.7: What do you understand by the zero error of a measuring instrument?

Answer: The minimum error in measurement due to measuring instrument is called zero error. Zero error
can be positive or negative.
Q.8: Why is the use of zero error necessary in a measuring instrument?
Answer: After knowing the zero error, necessary correction can be made to find the correct measurement.
Q.9: What is stopwatch? What is the least count of a mechanical stopwatch you have used in laboratories?
Answer: A stopwatch is used to measure the time interval of an event. A mechanical stopwatch can
measure a time interval up to a minimum 0.1 second.
Q.10: Why do we need to measure extremely small interval of times?
Answer: Various incidents occur in very short interval of time. Thats why we need to measure extremely
small interval of times.
Q.11: What is meant by significant figures of a measurement?
Answer: All the digits that are accurately known and first doubtful digit are called significant figures.
Q.12: How is precision related to the significant figures in a measured quantity?
Answer: The more the significant figures in a measured quantity, precision will be increased. It means
that as significant figures increase, reliability and accuracy also increase in a measurement.
Q.13: Define physics?
Answer: It is the branch of physical science which deals with the study of matter, energy and their mutual
relationship.
Q.14: Define physical science?

Answer: It is the branch of natural philosophy which deal with the study of non living things. For
example physics, chemistry, astronomy etc.
Q.15: Define biological science?

Answer: It is the branch of natural philosophy which deals with the study of living things.
Q.16: Define mechanics?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the motion of objects, its causes and effects.
Q.17: Define heat?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the nature of heat, modes of transfer of heat and
effects of heat.
Q.18: Define sound?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the physical aspects of sound waves, their
production, properties and applications.
Q.19: Define Light (optics)?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of the physical aspects of light, its
properties, working and use of optical instruments.

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Q.20: Define Electricity and Magnetism?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of the charges at rest and in motion, their
effects and their relationship with magnetism.

Prepared by: Yasir Fraz Chishti BsIT from PUCIT Software Engineer
Q.21: Define atomic physics?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of the structure and properties of atom.
Q.22: Define Nuclear Physics?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of properties and behaviour of nuclei and
the particles within the nuclei.
Q.23: Define Plasma Physics?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of production, properties of the ionic state
of matter (fourth state of matter).
Q.24: Define Geophysics?

Answer: It is the branch of physics which deals with the study of the internal structure of the Earth.
Q.25: Define Science?

Answer: Knowledge which is gained through observations and experimentations is called Science.
Q.26: What do you know about prefixes?

Answer: The words or letters added before a unit and stand for the multiples or sub multiples of that unit.
Q.27: What is meant by Scientific notation?

Answer: The numbers written as power or prefix of ten in which there is only one non-zero number
before the decimal.
Q.28: Define physical quantities?

Answer: All measurable quantities are called physical quantities, for example Length, Mass, Time etc.
Q.29: What are the common characteristics of a physical quantity?

Answer: A physical quantity possesses at least two characteristics in common. One is its numerical
magnitude and the other is its unit in which it is measured.
Q.30: For which purpose are the following used?
Answer: The Metre Rule: It is a length measuring instrument commonly used in laboratories to measure length of
an object or distance between two points. It is one metre long which is equal to 100 centimeters. Least count of
metre rule is one millimeter.
The Measuring Tape: Measuring tapes are used by blacksmiths and carpenters to measure the length in metres and
centimeters. A measuring tape consists of a thin and long strip of cotton, metal or plastic generally 10 m, 20m, 50m
or 100m long. Measuring tapes are marked in centimeters as well as inches.
Physical Balance: It is used in laboratory to measure the mass of various objects by comparison. Its measurement is
more precise than a beam balance. It consists of a beam resting at the centre on a fulcrum. The beam carries scale
pans over the hooks on either side. Unknown mass is placed on the left pan.
Lever Balance: It consists of a system of levers. When lever is lifted placing the object in one pan and standard
masses the other pan, the pointer of lever system moves.
Electronic Balance: It is the most sensitive balance, so its measurement is more precise. Electronic balances come
in various ranges; milligram ranges, gram ranges and kilogramme ranges. Before measuring the mass of a body, it is
switched on and reading is set to zero.

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Measuring Cylinder: It is a glass or transparent cylinder. It has a long scale along its length that indicates the
volume in millilitre. Measuring Cylinders have different capacities from 100 mL to 2500 mL. They are used to find
the volume of a liquid or powdered substance. It can also be used to find the volume of an irregular shaped solid
insoluble in a liquid by displacement method.
Screw Gauge: It is used to measure small lengths with accuracy greater than vernier calipers. Its least count is
0.01mm or 0.001cm.
Digital vernier calipers: It has greater precision than mechanical vernier calipers. Its least count is 0.01mm