World Trade Organization

Trade Profiles provides the latest information on the trade flows

and trade policy measures of WTO members, observers and other
selected economies. With information for each country provided
in a standardized format, the publication is an invaluable quick
reference tool for anyone looking for essential trade statistics. The
data provided for each country include basic economic indicators
(such as GDP), trade policy indicators (such as tariffs, import duties,
number of disputes, notifications outstanding and contingency
measures in force), merchandise trade flows (broken down by broad
product categories and major origins and destinations), services
trade flows (with a breakdown by major components) and industrial
property indicators. With one page devoted to each country, Trade
Profiles offers a concise overview of global trade.

WTO 2009
Trade
Profiles
Trade Profiles 2009

ISBN 978-92-870-3694-0
2009

9 789287 036940
WTO MEMBERS
(As of 23 July 2008)

Albania Gabon New Zealand

Angola The Gambia Nicaragua
Antigua and Barbuda Georgia Niger
Argentina Germany Nigeria
Armenia Ghana Norway
Australia Greece Oman
Austria Grenada Pakistan
Bahrain, Kingdom of Guatemala Panama
Bangladesh Guinea Papua New Guinea
Barbados Guinea Bissau Paraguay
Belgium Guyana Peru
Belize Haiti Philippines
Benin Honduras Poland
Bolivia Hong Kong, China Portugal
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Hungary Qatar
Botswana Iceland Romania
Brazil India Rwanda
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bulgaria Ireland Saint Lucia
Burkina Faso Israel Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
Burundi Italy Saudi Arabia
Cambodia Jamaica Senegal
Cameroon Japan Sierra Leone
Canada Jordan Singapore
Cape Verde Kenya Slovak Republic
Central African Republic Korea, Republic of Slovenia
Chad Kuwait Solomon Islands
Chile Kyrgyz Republic South Africa
China Latvia Spain
Colombia Lesotho Sri Lanka
Congo Liechtenstein Suriname
Costa Rica Lithuania Swaziland
Côte d’Ivoire Luxembourg Sweden
Croatia Macao, China Switzerland
Cuba Madagascar Chinese Taipei
Cyprus Malawi Tanzania
Czech Republic Malaysia Thailand
Democratic Republic of the Congo Maldives Togo
Denmark Mali Tonga
Djibouti Malta Trinidad and Tobago
Dominica Mauritania Tunisia
Dominican Republic Mauritius Turkey
Ecuador Mexico Uganda
Egypt Moldova Ukraine
El Salvador Mongolia United Arab Emirates
Estonia Morocco United Kingdom
European Communities Mozambique United States of America
Fiji Myanmar Uruguay
Finland Namibia Viet Nam
Former Yugoslav Republic Nepal Zambia
of Macedonia (FYROM) Netherlands Zimbabwe
France

This report is also available in French and Spanish

(Price: CHF 30.00)
To order, please contact:
WTO Publications
World Trade Organization
154, rue de Lausanne
CH-1211 Geneva 21
Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08
Fax: (41 22) 739 54 58 ISBN 978-92-870-3694-0
Email: publications@wto.org © World Trade Organization 2009
 INTRODUCTION

These Trade Profiles combine information on trade flows and trade policy measures of
Members, Observers and other selected economies. The information is retrieved from
various WTO Divisions and external sources and presented in standardized format for quick
reference.

The indicators are divided into five categories:

I. Basic economic indicators – population, GDP, current account balance, etc.

II. Trade policy indicators – specific WTO relevant information, including tariff binding
information, import duties collected in total tax revenue, the number of dispute rulings
(complainant, defendant), notifications outstanding and contingency measures in force.

III. Merchandise trade indicators (customs-based statistics) – information on total trade

flows broken down by broad product categories and major origins and destinations.

IV. Commercial services indicators (balance of payments based statistics) – trends in total
trade flows and a breakdown by major components.

V. Industrial property indicators – annual number of patents granted and marks registered
in the name of residents and non-residents in the economy.

Data are currently provided for as many Members and Observers for which adequate
information is available in the WTO Secretariat and other national and international bodies.
For updates, see the WTO Online Database at the WTO Statistics Gateway (www.wto.org,
choose Resources, Trade statistics). Depending on data availability, missing trade profiles will
be completed or added.

For sources and methodology, please refer to the Technical Notes at the end of the
publication.

The definition of economies in this booklet does not imply an expression of opinion by the
Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers,
nor regarding the rights and obligations of any WTO Member in respect of WTO Agreements.
Throughout this report, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, the Republic of Korea and
the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu are referenced as
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela, Korea, Republic of and Taipei, Chinese respectively.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 i

Acknowledgements are due to the International Monetary Fund, the International Trade
Center, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office
of the European Communities, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,
the United Nations Statistics Division, the World Bank and the World Intellectual Property
Organization. The assistance of all these organizations in supplying statistics as well as other
information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat.

Symbols and abbreviations

... Not available or not reported GATS General Agreement on Trade in
- Not applicable Services
AOA WTO Agreement on Agriculture GDP Gross Domestic Product
CRN Central Registry of Notifications ITS WTO International Trade Statistics
DSU Dispute Settlement Understanding MFN Most Favoured Nation
EIA Economic Integration Agreement PPP Purchasing Power Parity
EU European Union RTA Regional Trade Agreement

Annual average percentage changes are calculated using a geometric average.

Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.

Tables include in general information for the period 2000 - latest available year.

Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in United States dollars; (ii)
merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis; (iii) trade in commercial services data
are on a balance of payments basis; and (iv) merchandise exports are valued f.o.b. and
merchandise imports c.i.f.

Comments and enquiries on this booklet should be addressed to statistics@wto.org.

Closing date 15 October 2009.

ii TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CONTENTS

Afghanistan – AF 3 Czech Republic – CZ 48

Albania – AL 4 Denmark – DK 49
Algeria – DZ 5 Djibouti – DJ 50
Angola – AO 6 Dominica – DM 51
Antigua and Barbuda – AG 7 Dominican Republic – DO 52
Argentina – AR 8 Ecuador – EC 53
Armenia – AM 9 Egypt – EG 54
Australia – AU 10 El Salvador – SV 55
Austria – AT 11 Equatorial Guinea – GQ 56
Azerbaijan – AZ 12 Eritrea – ER 57
Bahamas – BS 13 Estonia – EE 58
Bahrain – BH 14 Ethiopia – ET 59
Bangladesh – BD 15 European Union (27) – E27 60
Barbados – BB 16 Fiji – FJ 61
Belarus – BY 17 Finland – FI 62
Belgium – BE 18 France – FR 63
Belize – BZ 19 FYR Macedonia – MK 64
Benin – BJ 20 Gabon – GA 65
Bhutan – BT 21 Gambia – GM 66
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela – VE 22 Georgia – GE 67
Bolivia – BO 23 Germany – DE 68
Bosnia and Herzegovina – BA 24 Ghana – GH 69
Botswana – BW 25 Greece – GR 70
Brazil – BR 26 Grenada – GD 71
Brunei Darussalam – BN 27 Guatemala – GT 72
Bulgaria – BG 28 Guinea – GN 73
Burkina Faso – BF 29 Guinea-Bissau – GW 74
Burundi – BI 30 Guyana – GY 75
Cambodia – KH 31 Haiti – HT 76
Cameroon – CM 32 Honduras – HN 77
Canada – CA 33 Hong Kong, China – HK 78
Cape Verde – CV 34 Hungary – HU 79
Central African Republic – CF 35 Iceland – IS 80
Chad – TD 36 India – IN 81
Chile – CL 37 Indonesia – ID 82
China – CN 38 Iran, Islamic Rep. of – IR 83
Colombia – CO 39 Iraq – IQ 84
Comoros – KM 40 Ireland – IE 85
Congo – CG 41 Israel – IL 86
Congo, Dem. Rep. of – CD 42 Italy – IT 87
Costa Rica – CR 43 Jamaica – JM 88
Côte d’Ivoire – CI 44 Japan – JP 89
Croatia – HR 45 Jordan – JO 90
Cuba – CU 46 Kazakhstan – KZ 91
Cyprus – CY 47 Kenya – KE 92

TRADE PROFILES 2009 1

Korea, Republic of – KR 93 Rwanda – RW 139
Kuwait – KW 94 Saint Kitts and Nevis – KN 140
Kyrgyz Republic – KG 95 Saint Lucia – LC 141
Lao People’s Dem. Rep. – LA 96 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – VC 142
Latvia – LV 97 Samoa – WS 143
Lebanon – LB 98 Sao Tome and Principe – ST 144
Lesotho – LS 99 Saudi Arabia – SA 145
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya – LY 100 Senegal – SN 146
Lithuania – LT 101 Serbia – RS 147
Luxembourg – LU 102 Seychelles – SC 148
Macao, China – MO 103 Sierra Leone – SL 149
Madagascar – MG 104 Singapore – SG 150
Malawi – MW 105 Slovak Republic – SK 151
Malaysia – MY 106 Slovenia – SI 152
Maldives – MV 107 Solomon Islands – SB 153
Mali – ML 108 South Africa – ZA 154
Malta – MT 109 Spain – ES 155
Mauritania – MR 110 Sri Lanka – LK 156
Mauritius – MU 111 Sudan – SD 157
Mexico – MX 112 Suriname – SR 158
Moldova – MD 113 Swaziland – SZ 159
Mongolia – MN 114 Sweden – SE 160
Montenegro – ME 115 Switzerland – CH 161
Morocco – MA 116 Syrian Arab Republic – SY 162
Mozambique – MZ 117 Taipei, Chinese – TW 163
Myanmar – MM 118 Tajikistan – TJ 164
Namibia – NA 119 Tanzania – TZ 165
Nepal – NP 120 Thailand – TH 166
Netherlands – NL 121 Togo – TG 167
New Zealand – NZ 122 Tonga – TO 168
Nicaragua – NI 123 Trinidad and Tobago – TT 169
Niger – NE 124 Tunisia – TN 170
Nigeria – NG 125 Turkey – TR 171
Norway – NO 126 Turkmenistan – TM 172
Oman – OM 127 Uganda – UG 173
Pakistan – PK 128 Ukraine – UA 174
Panama – PA 129 United Arab Emirates – AE 175
Papua New Guinea – PG 130 United Kingdom – GB 176
Paraguay – PY 131 United States – US 177
Peru – PE 132 Uruguay – UY 178
Philippines – PH 133 Uzbekistan – UZ 179
Poland – PL 134 Vanuatu – VU 180
Portugal – PT 135 Viet Nam – VN 181
Qatar – QA 136 Yemen – YE 182
Romania – RO 137 Zambia – ZM 183
Russian Federation – RU 138 Zimbabwe – ZW 184

2 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 AFGHANISTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) ... Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 10 170 Merchandise 157 132
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 30 602 excluding intra-EU trade 131 106
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 159 173
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 133 147
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) ...
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2006-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 49.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 5.6 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 5.8 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 5.5 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 610 20 22 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 350 14 9 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. Pakistan 55.0 1. Pakistan 17.2
2. India 11.8 2. China 15.4
3. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 2.5 3. Japan 12.1
4. Saudi Arabia 1.7 4. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8.1
5. China 0.3 5. India 4.8
Unspecified destinations 28.7 Unspecified origins 38.6
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) ... ... ... ...
Commercial services imports (million US$) ... ... ... ...
2008 2008
Share in world total exports ... Share in world total imports ...
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 3

 ALBANIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 143 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 12 295 Merchandise 140 111
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 24 251 excluding intra-EU trade 114 86
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 924 Commercial services 84 91
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 837 excluding intra-EU trade 58 66
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 82.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 153 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 225 11 8 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 310 15 28 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.022

WTO accession date 8 September 2000 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 7.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 4
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 7.0 5.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 9.4 7.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.6 4.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 43.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 108 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 355 23 35 26
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 5 251 22 37 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 7.7 Agricultural products 17.3
Fuels and mining products 22.1 Fuels and mining products 18.6
Manufactures 70.1 Manufactures 63.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 79.7 1. European Union (27) 60.7
2. Serbia 8.3 2. China 7.4
3. FYR Macedonia 2.9 3. Turkey 6.0
4. China 2.8 4. Serbia 4.7
5. Montenegro 2.1 5. Russian Federation 4.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 419 24 30 26
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 361 24 22 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 8.8 Transportation 14.8
Travel 70.8 Travel 65.9
Other commercial services 20.4 Other commercial services 19.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 3 270 3 270

4 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ALGERIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 34 362 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 173 882 Merchandise 42 56
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 276 016 excluding intra-EU trade 28 38
Current account balance (million US$, 2003) 9 780 Commercial services 79 61
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 141 excluding intra-EU trade 53 42
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 75.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 137 4 3 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 124 3 -1 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 187 8 8 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 5.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.2
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - 18.6 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 23.3 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 17.8 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 0.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 79 298 17 10 32
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 39 479 20 29 43
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.49 Share in world total imports 0.24
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.2 Agricultural products 23.0
Fuels and mining products 98.8 Fuels and mining products 3.0
Manufactures 1.0 Manufactures 74.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 43.6 1. European Union (27) 51.9
2. United States 30.1 2. China 8.6
3. Canada 7.8 3. United States 7.7
4. Turkey 3.4 4. Japan 3.9
5. Brazil 3.0 5. Argentina 3.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 101 16 10 25
Commercial services imports (million US$) 7 194 23 45 58
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.08 Share in world total imports 0.21
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... 214 ... ... 2 372 2 372

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 5

 ANGOLA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 18 021 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 83 383 Merchandise 46 72
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 106 296 excluding intra-EU trade 31 50
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 9 402 Commercial services 147 46
Trade per capita (US$, 2003-2005) 1 668 excluding intra-EU trade 121 29
Trade to GDP ratio (2003-2005) 125.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 268 13 20 15
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.134

WTO accession date 23 November 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 14, 16 February 2006 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 59.2 7.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 52.8 10.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 60.1 6.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 5 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 67 100 31 39 51
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 21 100 27 56 54
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.42 Share in world total imports 0.13
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.1 Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products 99.1 Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures 0.7 Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 311 2 ... ...
Commercial services imports (million US$) 11 610 26 11 69
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.37
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.4 Transportation 21.6
Travel 72.4 Travel 1.8
Other commercial services 22.2 Other commercial services 76.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

6 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 86 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 225 Merchandise 182 174
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 824 excluding intra-EU trade 156 148
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 402 Commercial services 130 161
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 17 424 excluding intra-EU trade 104 135
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 131.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 92 -4 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 96 -2 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 42
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 58.7 9.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 105.0 15.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 51.4 8.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 1-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 4.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 1-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 32 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 80 6 3 5
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 770 8 17 6
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.7 Agricultural products 20.4
Fuels and mining products 55.3 Fuels and mining products 36.9
Manufactures 42.5 Manufactures 42.7
By main destination By main origin
1. Netherlands Antilles 30.9 1. United States 58.2
2. United States 23.6 2. European Union (27) 12.3
3. European Union (27) 10.6 3. Japan 4.3
4. Barbados 8.2 4. Netherlands Antilles 4.1
5. Dominica 6.1 5. Trinidad and Tobago 3.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 509 3 4 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 296 9 14 4
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 16.4 Transportation 36.1
Travel 69.9 Travel 18.1
Other commercial services 13.7 Other commercial services 45.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... 9 ... ... 1 031 1 031

a Refers to 2002 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2002.
b Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2005 and by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 7

 ARGENTINA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 39 876 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 328 385 Merchandise 45 47
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 571 537 excluding intra-EU trade 30 29
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 7 588 Commercial services 47 47
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 070 excluding intra-EU trade 29 30
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 45.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 139 4 9 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 161 7 9 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 138 5 21 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.315

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2002-2004)
Trade Policy Review date 12, 14 February 2007 in total tax revenue 2.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 12
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 31.9 11.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 69
Agricultural goods (AOA) 32.5 10.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 31.8 11.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 11.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 15 - 16
in agricultural goods (AOA) 4.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 3-6
in non-agricultural goods 21.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 2-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 63 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 70 023 13 20 26
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 57 423 11 31 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.44 Share in world total imports 0.35
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 53.1 Agricultural products 5.6
Fuels and mining products 12.5 Fuels and mining products 10.9
Manufactures 30.6 Manufactures 82.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Brazil 18.9 1. Brazil 31.3
2. European Union (27) 18.8 2. European Union (27) 15.7
3. China 9.1 3. China 12.4
4. United States 7.9 4. United States 12.2
5. Chile 6.7 5. Paraguay 3.1
Unspecified destinations 2.0 Unspecified origins 3.2
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 11 870 12 30 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 12 579 4 28 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.31 Share in world total imports 0.36
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 15.2 Transportation 31.2
Travel 39.0 Travel 35.8
Other commercial services 45.8 Other commercial services 33.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 2003
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
145 1 442 1 587 39 231 17 032 ... 56 263

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

8 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ARMENIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 077 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 11 917 Merchandise 145 119
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 18 678 excluding intra-EU trade 119 93
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 383 Commercial services 123 127
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 718 excluding intra-EU trade 97 101
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 57.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 245 12 14 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 201 9 -3 -14
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 226 11 13 8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 5 February 2003 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 4.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 7
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-0
All goods 8.5 2.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 14.7 6.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 7.5 2.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 30.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 82.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 106 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 069 18 17 -7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 412 22 49 35
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.4 Agricultural products 18.2
Fuels and mining products 25.3 Fuels and mining products 16.8
Manufactures 52.5 Manufactures 54.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 54.6 1. European Union (27) 29.7
2. Russian Federation 20.3 2. Russian Federation 20.4
3. Georgia 7.3 3. China 9.2
4. United States 4.9 4. Ukraine 7.6
5. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 2.3 5. Turkey 6.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 636 22 20 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 952 23 29 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 21.7 Transportation 49.3
Travel 52.0 Travel 34.1
Other commercial services 26.3 Other commercial services 16.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
210 3 213 672 492 2 996 4 160

TRADE PROFILES 2009 9

 AUSTRALIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 21 374 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 015 217 Merchandise 23 21
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 762 559 excluding intra-EU trade 17 14
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 44 040 Commercial services 24 21
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 18 699 excluding intra-EU trade 12 12
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 46.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 129 3 3 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 123 3 4 4
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 190 8 9 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.145

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 March 2007 in total tax revenue 1.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 18
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 7-5
All goods 9.9 3.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 36
Agricultural goods (AOA) 3.3 1.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 11.0 3.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.3 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 7 - 10
in agricultural goods (AOA) 48.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 5-2
in non-agricultural goods 49.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-2
Services sectors with GATS commitments 103 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 187 259 14 15 32
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 200 338 14 19 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.17 Share in world total imports 1.22
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.9 Agricultural products 5.4
Fuels and mining products 59.7 Fuels and mining products 17.2
Manufactures 15.5 Manufactures 71.5
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 22.8 1. European Union (27) 21.0
2. China 14.6 2. China 15.6
3. European Union (27) 10.5 3. United States 12.0
4. Korea, Republic of 8.3 4. Japan 9.0
5. India 6.1 5. Singapore 7.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 45 601 11 22 15
Commercial services imports (million US$) 45 491 12 22 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.21 Share in world total imports 1.30
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.5 Transportation 33.3
Travel 55.2 Travel 34.9
Other commercial services 25.3 Other commercial services 31.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 086 10 150 11 236 25 868 9 063 8 855 43 786

10 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 AUSTRIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 8 344 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 416 380 Merchandise 25 22
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 318 350 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 14 269 Commercial services 21 25
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 49 161 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 110.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 117 2 3 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 154 6 9 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 140 5 7 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.366

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 114 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 180 966 13 20 11
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 183 441 12 19 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.13 Share in world total imports 1.12
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.9 Agricultural products 8.9
Fuels and mining products 6.2 Fuels and mining products 16.1
Manufactures 83.3 Manufactures 73.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 72.1 1. European Union (27) 73.5
2. United States 4.4 2. Switzerland 4.4
3. Switzerland 4.2 3. China 4.2
4. Russian Federation 2.5 4. United States 2.9
5. China 1.6 5. Russian Federation 2.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 61 673 13 20 12
Commercial services imports (million US$) 42 578 13 17 9
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.63 Share in world total imports 1.22
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 21.7 Transportation 32.1
Travel 35.4 Travel 26.8
Other commercial services 42.8 Other commercial services 41.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 327 237 1 564 ... ... 5 613 12 082

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 11

 AZERBAIJAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 8 679 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 46 259 Merchandise 62 100
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 76 072 excluding intra-EU trade 44 75
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 16 454 Commercial services 102 73
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 774 excluding intra-EU trade 76 50
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 96.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 351 17 25 11
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 543 24 43 15
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 495 22 14 21

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods - 9.1 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 13.8 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 8.4 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 1.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 34.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 10.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 30 586 43 63 44
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 7 575 26 15 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.19 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.7 Agricultural products 16.5
Fuels and mining products 96.1 Fuels and mining products 3.8
Manufactures 2.0 Manufactures 78.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 56.5 1. European Union (27) 28.4
2. United States 12.6 2. Russian Federation 18.8
3. Israel 7.6 3. Turkey 11.3
4. India 5.1 4. Ukraine 7.9
5. Indonesia 3.0 5. China 6.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 454 26 39 24
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 826 30 19 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 54.6 Transportation 17.8
Travel 13.1 Travel 8.9
Other commercial services 32.3 Other commercial services 73.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
79 2 81 ... ... 3 145 3 145

12 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BAHAMAS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 335 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 6 935 Merchandise 148 137
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 122 111
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 002 Commercial services 83 114
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 23 250 excluding intra-EU trade 57 88
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 117.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 3 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 101 0 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 100 0 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2003-2005)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 47.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 13.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods - 29.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 23.6 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 30.9 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 37.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 15.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 989 7 16 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 123 5 8 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.7 Agricultural products 18.1
Fuels and mining products 27.1 Fuels and mining products 27.9
Manufactures 52.6 Manufactures 52.8
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 69.9 1. United States 87.2
2. European Union (27) 12.7 2. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5.2
3. Canada 5.2 3. Netherlands Antilles 2.0
4. Nigeria 2.3 4. European Union (27) 1.2
5. Turks and Caicos Islands 1.9 5. Trinidad and Tobago 1.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 503 3 7 -2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 254 3 -1 -17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.1 Transportation 28.3
Travel 86.0 Travel 24.6
Other commercial services 11.9 Other commercial services 47.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2004 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2004.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 13

 BAHRAIN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 767 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2006) 15 828 Merchandise 73 84
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2005) 20 344 excluding intra-EU trade 51 60
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 2 257 Commercial services 76 97
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 41 915 excluding intra-EU trade 51 71
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 171.3
Annual percentage change
2005 2000-2005 2004 2005
Real GDP (2000=100) 134 6 6 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.081

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2003-2005)
Trade Policy Review date 18, 20 July 2007 in total tax revenue 42.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 73.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 34.4 5.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 38.9 8.6 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 33.4 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 24.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 1.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 22 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 18 150 14 12 33
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 12 500 13 9 9
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.08
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.5 Agricultural products 5.6
Fuels and mining products 90.5 Fuels and mining products 59.1
Manufactures 8.9 Manufactures 35.2
By main destination By main origin
1. Saudi Arabia 5.3 1. European Union (27) 11.4
2. United States 2.7 2. Australia 6.3
3. European Union (27) 2.4 3. Japan 5.2
4. United Arab Emirates 1.5 4. Saudi Arabia 4.8
5. India 1.0 5. China 4.2
Unspecified destinations 79.1 Unspecified origins 51.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) b 3 740 ... 6 6
Commercial services imports (million US$) b 2 030 ... 6 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.10 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 20.4 Transportation 44.6
Travel 31.2 Travel 24.8
Other commercial services 48.5 Other commercial services 30.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2004 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... 26 ... ... 2 341 2 341

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

b Break in series for commercial services: 2004.

14 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BANGLADESH

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 160 000 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 78 992 Merchandise 76 69
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 213 504 excluding intra-EU trade 54 47
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 1 032 Commercial services 115 75
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 217 excluding intra-EU trade 89 52
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 49.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 157 6 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 241 12 13 9
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 219 10 16 15

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.101

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 13, 15 September 2006 in total tax revenue 39.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 11.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 15.5 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 32
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-0
All goods 169.2 14.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 192.0 17.6 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 34.4 14.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 1-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 75.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 4.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 9 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 15 357 12 6 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 23 838 13 16 28
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.10 Share in world total imports 0.15
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.2 Agricultural products 28.6
Fuels and mining products 2.2 Fuels and mining products 13.1
Manufactures 87.6 Manufactures 51.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 51.2 1. China 15.6
2. United States 25.7 2. India 13.2
3. India 4.0 3. European Union (27) 9.7
4. Canada 3.5 4. Kuwait 7.2
5. China 1.7 5. Indonesia 5.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 891 15 14 30
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 684 12 27 38
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.5 Transportation 87.4
Travel 10.2 Travel 5.0
Other commercial services 77.3 Other commercial services 7.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
16 146 162 32 149 ... 181

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 15

 BARBADOS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 255 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 3 409 Merchandise 163 150
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2005) 4 950 excluding intra-EU trade 137 124
Current account balance (million US$, 2005) - 385 Commercial services 91 129
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 16 565 excluding intra-EU trade 65 103
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 130.6
Annual percentage change
2002 2000-2002 2001 2002
Real GDP (2000=100) 96 -2 -2 -2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 91 -4 -3 -6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 93 -4 -5 -2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2003-2004)
Trade Policy Review date 17, 19 September 2008 in total tax revenue 10.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 5.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 40
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 78.1 13.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 111.1 31.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 72.9 10.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 12.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 4.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 21 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 395 5 8 -17
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 892 6 5 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 23.1 Agricultural products 19.1
Fuels and mining products 23.1 Fuels and mining products 21.3
Manufactures 53.0 Manufactures 59.0
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 21.0 1. United States 36.8
2. European Union (27) 11.8 2. Trinidad and Tobago 19.8
3. Trinidad and Tobago 9.5 3. European Union (27) 13.4
4. Saint Lucia 5.4 4. Japan 3.6
5. Jamaica 3.9 5. China 3.5
Unspecified destinations 19.7 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 729 7 9 12
Commercial services imports (million US$) 755 7 7 11
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.1 Transportation 33.4
Travel 69.3 Travel 13.1
Other commercial services 28.6 Other commercial services 53.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1999 Trademark registrations by office, 1999
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 3 3 50 701 ... 751

16 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BELARUS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 681 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 60 302 Merchandise 60 55
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 118 695 excluding intra-EU trade 42 37
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 5 049 Commercial services 70 84
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 6 284 excluding intra-EU trade 45 59
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 128.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 189 8 9 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 187 8 7 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 201 9 0 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 5.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods - 10.8 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 13.3 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 10.5 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 12.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 8.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 9.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 32 902 21 23 36
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 39 483 21 28 38
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.20 Share in world total imports 0.24
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.0 Agricultural products 8.7
Fuels and mining products 38.0 Fuels and mining products 39.1
Manufactures 52.3 Manufactures 48.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 43.9 1. Russian Federation 59.8
2. Russian Federation 32.2 2. European Union (27) 21.6
3. Ukraine 8.5 3. Ukraine 5.4
4. Brazil 3.3 4. China 3.6
5. China 1.9 5. United States 1.2
Unspecified destinations 0.0 Unspecified origins 1.6
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 224 20 37 30
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 583 22 23 29
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 70.8 Transportation 50.0
Travel 8.6 Travel 26.0
Other commercial services 20.5 Other commercial services 24.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 015 115 1 130 1 404 706 6 028 8 138

TRADE PROFILES 2009 17

 BELGIUM

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 10 704 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 497 586 Merchandise 8 9
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 369 213 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 12 015 Commercial services 13 14
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 74 923 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 177.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 3 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 123 3 4 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 123 3 5 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.563

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 68
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 475 550 12 18 10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 469 486 13 17 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.96 Share in world total imports 2.86
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.0 Agricultural products 9.3
Fuels and mining products 12.7 Fuels and mining products 19.8
Manufactures 76.5 Manufactures 70.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 77.1 1. European Union (27) 70.3
2. United States 4.8 2. United States 5.5
3. India 1.5 3. China 4.1
4. Switzerland 1.4 4. Japan 2.6
5. Russian Federation 1.2 5. Russian Federation 1.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 86 139 ... 29 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 81 942 ... 34 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.28 Share in world total imports 2.35
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 32.6 Transportation 28.2
Travel 14.5 Travel 23.2
Other commercial services 52.9 Other commercial services 48.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
405 114 519 ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

18 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BELIZE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 311 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 367 Merchandise 166 170
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 155 excluding intra-EU trade 140 144
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 154 Commercial services 144 170
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 360 excluding intra-EU trade 118 144
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 126.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 142 4 1 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 163 7 -6 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 103 0 0 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 12, 14 July 2004 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 98.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 44
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 58.2 10.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 101.4 20.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 51.5 9.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 33.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 15.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 17 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 310 4 -3 16
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 837 6 4 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 55.2 Agricultural products 13.3
Fuels and mining products 38.3 Fuels and mining products 16.6
Manufactures 1.4 Manufactures 47.6
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 45.0 1. United States 34.2
2. European Union (27) 26.8 2. Netherlands Antilles 11.9
3. Costa Rica 16.8 3. Mexico 9.4
4. Trinidad and Tobago 2.6 4. Panama 8.9
5. Mexico 1.6 5. China 8.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 358 13 9 -3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 161 4 11 1
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.0 Transportation 43.2
Travel 78.5 Travel 25.4
Other commercial services 14.5 Other commercial services 31.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 7 7 ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 19

 BENIN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 8 662 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 6 680 Merchandise 147 149
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 12 715 excluding intra-EU trade 121 123
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 535 Commercial services 133 139
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 313 excluding intra-EU trade 107 113
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 53.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 138 4 5 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 116 3 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 111 2 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 22 February 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 28, 30 June 2004 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 39.4 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 28.3 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 61.8 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 11.4 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 6.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 12 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 050 13 19 20
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 990 16 30 24
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 41.7 Agricultural products 34.2
Fuels and mining products 0.6 Fuels and mining products 21.4
Manufactures 6.2 Manufactures 44.1
By main destination By main origin
1. China 24.0 1. European Union (27) 36.6
2. European Union (27) 10.8 2. China 8.5
3. Nigeria 8.7 3. Côte d'Ivoire 6.9
4. India 8.6 4. Ghana 6.8
5. Niger 7.2 5. Togo 5.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 281 12 10 43
Commercial services imports (million US$) 491 15 28 43
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 4.5 Transportation 60.2
Travel 73.5 Travel 14.6
Other commercial services 22.0 Other commercial services 25.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2005 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2005.
b Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2005 and by destination/origin refer to 2006.

20 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BHUTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 687 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 359 Merchandise 160 180
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 266 excluding intra-EU trade 134 154
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 179 177
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 537 excluding intra-EU trade 153 151
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 94.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 200 9 14 14
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2002-2004)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 4.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - 21.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 41.4 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 18.9 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 521 22 63 -23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 543 15 25 3
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 48.3 Agricultural products 18.4
Fuels and mining products 50.2 Fuels and mining products 25.2
Manufactures 1.4 Manufactures 56.2
By main destination By main origin
1. India 95.1 1. India 74.0
2. Bangladesh 2.8 2. Japan 4.7
3. Nepal 0.9 3. European Union (27) 4.1
4. Hong Kong, China 0.5 4. Singapore 3.9
5. Japan 0.3 5. China 3.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 53 13 16 -13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 108 11 -1 1
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 837 837

TRADE PROFILES 2009 21

 BOLIVARIAN REP.
OF VENEZUELA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 27 943 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 313 799 Merchandise 38 49
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 357 795 excluding intra-EU trade 24 31
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 39 211 Commercial services 94 59
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 603 excluding intra-EU trade 68 40
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 52.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 142 5 8 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 93 -1 -6 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 288 14 34 14

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.316

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2003-2005)
Trade Policy Review date 27, 29 November 2002 in total tax revenue 8.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 68
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 36.5 13.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 55.7 16.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 33.6 12.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 1-2
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 4.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 63 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 93 542 14 6 35
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 49 640 15 37 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.58 Share in world total imports 0.30
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.2 Agricultural products 16.0
Fuels and mining products 95.6 Fuels and mining products 2.5
Manufactures 3.5 Manufactures 71.8
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 40.4 1. United States 26.4
2. Netherlands Antilles 20.2 2. Colombia 15.0
3. European Union (27) 8.5 3. European Union (27) 12.9
4. Taipei, Chinese 4.0 4. China 9.4
5. Brazil 2.7 5. Brazil 9.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 708 6 6 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 7 821 8 25 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.22
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 26.6 Transportation 50.8
Travel 52.4 Travel 20.5
Other commercial services 21.0 Other commercial services 28.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 2000
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
14 742 756 9 744 8 710 ... 18 454

22 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BOLIVIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 684 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 16 674 Merchandise 96 114
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 41 431 excluding intra-EU trade 72 89
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 2 015 Commercial services 135 122
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 031 excluding intra-EU trade 109 96
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 71.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 135 4 0 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 215 10 3 16
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 166 7 5 15

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.024

WTO accession date 12 September 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 2, 3 November 2005 in total tax revenue 4.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 18
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 40.0 8.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 40.0 9.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 40.0 8.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 9.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 36 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 6 448 23 15 45
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 987 13 23 44
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 16.1 Agricultural products 10.2
Fuels and mining products 76.4 Fuels and mining products 10.8
Manufactures 6.7 Manufactures 78.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Brazil 43.8 1. Brazil 18.4
2. Korea, Republic of 11.8 2. Argentina 14.5
3. Argentina 7.1 3. United States 10.5
4. United States 6.9 4. Japan 9.9
5. European Union (27) 6.1 5. European Union (27) 8.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 482 11 5 0
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 018 11 9 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 13.1 Transportation 41.6
Travel 57.0 Travel 27.6
Other commercial services 29.9 Other commercial services 30.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1995 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
8 39 47 ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 23

 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 773 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 18 452 Merchandise 103 85
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 31 656 excluding intra-EU trade 79 61
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 764 Commercial services 97 138
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 294 excluding intra-EU trade 71 112
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 106.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 153 5 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 202 9 13 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 130 3 14 9

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2006-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 0.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - 6.8 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 12.4 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 6.0 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 3.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 26.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 064 21 25 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 12 282 19 33 26
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.7 Agricultural products 17.0
Fuels and mining products 24.6 Fuels and mining products 20.2
Manufactures 61.2 Manufactures 62.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 55.0 1. European Union (27) 48.0
2. Croatia 17.2 2. Croatia 17.1
3. Serbia 15.1 3. Serbia 10.6
4. Montenegro 3.4 4. Turkey 5.3
5. Switzerland 2.6 5. China 4.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 658 18 28 14
Commercial services imports (million US$) 632 12 29 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.9 Transportation 43.4
Travel 49.8 Travel 33.3
Other commercial services 30.3 Other commercial services 23.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
38 234 272 120 550 3 977 4 647

24 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BOTSWANA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 905 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 12 969 Merchandise 105 112
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 25 511 excluding intra-EU trade 81 87
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 2 434 Commercial services 111 120
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 458 excluding intra-EU trade 85 94
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 84.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 137 4 4 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 138 4 9 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 134 4 14 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.034

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 18.9 7.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 38.8 9.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.7 7.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 55.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 19 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 875 8 14 -6
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 5 165 12 32 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.1 Agricultural products 12.7
Fuels and mining products 19.5 Fuels and mining products 19.0
Manufactures 74.9 Manufactures 65.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 60.4 1. South Africa 78.6
2. South Africa 20.3 2. European Union (27) 10.4
3. China 4.9 3. China 2.8
4. Zimbabwe 4.5 4. Israel 1.7
5. Israel 3.1 5. United States 1.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 992 16 20 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 076 9 16 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 8.5 Transportation 42.9
Travel 55.7 Travel 26.1
Other commercial services 35.8 Other commercial services 31.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 595 595

TRADE PROFILES 2009 25

 BRAZIL

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 191 972 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 612 539 Merchandise 22 24
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 976 632 excluding intra-EU trade 16 16
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 28 192 Commercial services 31 22
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 854 excluding intra-EU trade 18 13
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 26.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 132 4 6 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 183 8 7 -1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 183 8 21 18

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.897

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 9, 11 March 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 13
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-1
All goods 31.4 13.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 56
Agricultural goods (AOA) 35.5 10.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 30.8 14.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 24 - 14
in agricultural goods (AOA) 1.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 11 - 3
in non-agricultural goods 31.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 2-2
Services sectors with GATS commitments 43 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 3-2

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 197 942 17 17 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 182 408 15 32 44
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.23 Share in world total imports 1.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 31.0 Agricultural products 5.6
Fuels and mining products 22.2 Fuels and mining products 23.9
Manufactures 43.7 Manufactures 70.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 23.5 1. European Union (27) 20.9
2. United States 14.0 2. United States 14.9
3. Argentina 8.9 3. China 11.6
4. China 8.3 4. Argentina 7.7
5. Japan 3.1 5. Japan 3.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 28 822 16 26 27
Commercial services imports (million US$) 44 396 14 28 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.76 Share in world total imports 1.27
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.8 Transportation 23.4
Travel 20.1 Travel 24.7
Other commercial services 61.2 Other commercial services 51.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
233 2 232 2 465 ... ... ... 128 540

26 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 397 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2006) 11 471 Merchandise 82 143
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 19 540 excluding intra-EU trade 59 117
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) 5 232 Commercial services 113 113
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 27 851 excluding intra-EU trade 87 87
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 97.2
Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 4 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 101 0 4 -10
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 135 4 4 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.039

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 February 2008 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 95.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-3
All goods 25.4 2.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 31.0 0.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 24.5 2.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.3 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 91.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 67.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 22 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 11 100 14 0 45
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 300 10 25 9
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.1 Agricultural products 17.2
Fuels and mining products 96.4 Fuels and mining products 3.0
Manufactures 3.3 Manufactures 79.3
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 30.6 1. Malaysia 21.6
2. Indonesia 19.8 2. Singapore 17.4
3. Korea, Republic of 15.1 3. Japan 12.8
4. Australia 12.2 4. European Union (27) 10.8
5. United States 6.7 5. United States 9.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 821 23 21 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 128 6 10 9
2007 a 2007 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 51.2 Transportation 35.6
Travel 30.1 Travel 39.5
Other commercial services 18.7 Other commercial services 24.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 1997
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... 1 051 ... 1 051

a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2006. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 27

 BULGARIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 7 623 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 49 900 Merchandise 68 58
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 94 476 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 12 577 Commercial services 57 63
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 765 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 147.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 155 6 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 209 10 5 14
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 256 12 10 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.142

WTO accession date 1 December 1996
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009
Tariffs and duty free imports
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008
Simple average of import duties
All goods 5.5 5.6
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007)
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3
in non-agricultural goods 53.2
Services sectors with GATS commitments 80
Import duties collected
in total tax revenue ...
to total imports ...
Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 58
Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
Requests for consultation 81 - 65
Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 22 470 21 23 21
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 37 261 24 29 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.14 Share in world total imports 0.23
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.8 Agricultural products 8.0
Fuels and mining products 32.6 Fuels and mining products 29.6
Manufactures 52.3 Manufactures 61.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 59.9 1. European Union (27) 62.1
2. Turkey 8.8 2. Ukraine 8.0
3. Serbia 4.7 3. Russian Federation 6.2
4. Russian Federation 2.7 4. Turkey 6.1
5. FYR Macedonia 2.3 5. China 3.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 8 000 18 23 23
Commercial services imports (million US$) 6 696 19 34 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.21 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 28.9 Transportation 32.6
Travel 47.5 Travel 35.6
Other commercial services 23.6 Other commercial services 31.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
65 199 264 4 241 1 101 4 675 10 017

28 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 BURKINA FASO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 15 209 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 7 948 Merchandise 159 152
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 17 662 excluding intra-EU trade 133 126
Current account balance (million US$, 2001) - 291 Commercial services 176 148
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 148 excluding intra-EU trade 150 122
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 35.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 153 5 4 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 178 10 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 143 6 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 3 June 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 28, 30 June 2004 in total tax revenue 15.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 7.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 39.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 41.9 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 98.1 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 13.1 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2004) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 5.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 2 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 550 13 6 -12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 800 14 23 11
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 72.4 Agricultural products 12.5
Fuels and mining products 2.7 Fuels and mining products 25.0
Manufactures 6.5 Manufactures 62.0
By main destination By main origin
1. Togo 41.0 1. European Union (27) 33.3
2. Ghana 16.6 2. Côte d'Ivoire 17.9
3. European Union (27) 13.7 3. Togo 11.2
4. Côte d'Ivoire 10.5 4. Benin 6.8
5. Switzerland 9.4 5. Ghana 5.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 70 14 12 -1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 433 19 10 14
2007 b 2007 b
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 3.0 Transportation 58.4
Travel 74.8 Travel 14.4
Other commercial services 22.2 Other commercial services 27.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.
b Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2004 and by destination/origin refer to 2005. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 29

 BURUNDI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 8 074 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 163 Merchandise 184 182
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 090 excluding intra-EU trade 158 156
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 223 Commercial services 190 169
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 66 excluding intra-EU trade 164 143
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 50.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 127 3 4 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 23 July 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 2, 4 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 21.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 13
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 68.3 12.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 95.1 10.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 26.6 13.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 0.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 22 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 57 2 -9 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 403 13 -26 26
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 62.3 Agricultural products 10.0
Fuels and mining products 15.3 Fuels and mining products 3.0
Manufactures 22.4 Manufactures 64.9
By main destination By main origin
1. United Arab Emirates 43.6 1. European Union (27) 40.5
2. Switzerland 15.3 2. Uganda 9.6
3. European Union (27) 11.7 3. Kenya 8.8
4. Kenya 5.3 4. China 7.3
5. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 4.2 5. India 5.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 6 18 -50
Commercial services imports (million US$) 173 22 -13 3
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 27.3 Transportation 38.6
Travel 40.8 Travel 52.4
Other commercial services 31.9 Other commercial services 9.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 2002
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 4 5 20 132 ... 152

30 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CAMBODIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 14 700 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 9 574 Merchandise 111 105
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 27 997 excluding intra-EU trade 87 80
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 060 Commercial services 99 126
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 836 excluding intra-EU trade 73 100
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 143.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 201 9 10 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 287 16 10 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 261 15 12 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.034

WTO accession date 13 October 2004 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 26.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 30
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-1
All goods 19.0 14.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 28.1 18.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 17.7 13.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2004) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 6.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 94 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 300 15 16 5
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 6 600 17 14 22
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 2.8 Agricultural products 5.7
Fuels and mining products 2.2 Fuels and mining products 14.1
Manufactures 94.4 Manufactures 46.9
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 46.9 1. Hong Kong, China 19.9
2. Hong Kong, China 22.0 2. China 16.5
3. European Union (27) 21.2 3. Taipei, Chinese 11.8
4. Canada 3.4 4. Thailand 11.2
5. Viet Nam 1.5 5. Viet Nam 8.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 606 18 21 6
Commercial services imports (million US$) 958 15 17 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.3 Transportation 63.5
Travel 76.0 Travel 11.3
Other commercial services 9.7 Other commercial services 25.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 499 1 941 ... 2 440

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2004.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 31

 CAMEROON

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 18 898 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 23 396 Merchandise 110 120
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 41 860 excluding intra-EU trade 86 94
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 547 Commercial services 126 105
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 570 excluding intra-EU trade 100 79
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 51.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 133 4 3 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 120 2 -12 25
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 193 9 6 42

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.028

WTO accession date 13 December 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 1, 3 October 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 13.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 47
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 79.9 17.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 80.0 22.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.0 17.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 46.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 7.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 3 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 350 11 1 21
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 360 14 17 18
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 26.2 Agricultural products 21.5
Fuels and mining products 65.2 Fuels and mining products 29.5
Manufactures 3.0 Manufactures 49.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 74.3 1. European Union (27) 35.0
2. United States 6.4 2. Nigeria 23.3
3. China 3.4 3. China 6.3
4. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 2.8 4. Equatorial Guinea 3.5
5. Chad 0.8 5. United States 2.9
Unspecified destinations 2.8 Unspecified origins 0.1
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 552 -1 -14 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 708 8 0 21
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 38.7 Transportation 49.7
Travel 37.2 Travel 22.5
Other commercial services 24.1 Other commercial services 27.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2006. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

32 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CANADA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 33 311 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 400 091 Merchandise 11 11
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 213 991 excluding intra-EU trade 6 6
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 27 281 Commercial services 20 12
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 28 681 excluding intra-EU trade 10 6
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 70.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 120 2 3 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 104 1 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 123 3 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 3.361

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 21, 23 March 2007 in total tax revenue 0.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 16
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-3
All goods 6.5 4.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 38
Agricultural goods (AOA) 14.5 11.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 7
Non-agricultural goods 5.3 3.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 2.6 2.9 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 32 - 15
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 14 - 11
in non-agricultural goods 55.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 6-5
Services sectors with GATS commitments 105 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 1-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 456 464 6 8 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 418 311 7 9 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.84 Share in world total imports 2.55
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 11.8 Agricultural products 7.7
Fuels and mining products 35.3 Fuels and mining products 16.0
Manufactures 46.8 Manufactures 75.5
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 77.6 1. United States 52.4
2. European Union (27) 7.5 2. European Union (27) 12.5
3. Japan 2.3 3. China 9.8
4. China 2.2 4. Mexico 4.1
5. Mexico 1.2 5. Japan 3.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 64 795 6 8 2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 86 644 9 14 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.72 Share in world total imports 2.48
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.4 Transportation 23.5
Travel 23.6 Travel 31.5
Other commercial services 58.1 Other commercial services 45.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 809 16 741 18 550 11 583 13 515 ... 25 098

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 33

 CAPE VERDE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 499 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 730 Merchandise 190 171
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 747 excluding intra-EU trade 164 145
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 197 Commercial services 128 157
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 145 excluding intra-EU trade 102 131
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 106.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 153 5 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 318 16 14 13
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 229 11 16 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 23 July 2008 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2006)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 12.2
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 15.8 10.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 19.3 12.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.2 10.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 40.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 99 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 32 14 -7 66
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 825 17 38 10
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.2 Agricultural products 30.4
Fuels and mining products 47.9 Fuels and mining products 10.9
Manufactures 37.9 Manufactures 58.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 60.3 1. European Union (27) 78.7
2. Côte d'Ivoire 30.7 2. Brazil 6.2
3. Morocco 1.2 3. Japan 3.6
4. Brazil 1.0 4. Thailand 1.9
5. United Arab Emirates 0.7 5. China 1.6
Unspecified destinations 3.8 Unspecified origins 0.8
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 528 23 30 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 333 17 18 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 25.2 Transportation 41.3
Travel 66.6 Travel 42.5
Other commercial services 8.2 Other commercial services 16.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2006 and by destination/origin refer to 2007.

34 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 423 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 970 Merchandise 173 187
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 254 excluding intra-EU trade 147 161
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 185 168
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 140 excluding intra-EU trade 159 142
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 35.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 106 1 4 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 103 0 13 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 98 0 13 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 11, 13 June 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 62.5 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 40
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 36.2 17.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 30.0 21.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 37.9 17.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2005) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 0.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 17 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 195 2 13 10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 310 13 23 24
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 38.1 Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products 15.7 Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures 32.8 Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 55.9 1. European Union (27) 20.8
2. Switzerland 13.7 2. Cameroon 15.7
3. Cameroon 11.9 3. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 6.1
4. Israel 5.0 4. Japan 3.9
5. Hong Kong, China 2.6 5. Congo 3.6
Unspecified destinations 5.9 Unspecified origins 41.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 29 16 18 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 175 6 21 20
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.4 Transportation 49.9
Travel 56.1 Travel 30.6
Other commercial services 36.5 Other commercial services 19.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2005. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2001.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 35

 CHAD

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 11 067 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 361 Merchandise 106 151
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 16 106 excluding intra-EU trade 82 125
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 174 88
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 741 excluding intra-EU trade 148 63
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 110.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 200 9 0 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 522 23 -19 -12
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 195 9 -14 -2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 19 October 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 January 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 13.5 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 79.9 17.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 80.0 21.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 75.0 17.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 2 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 650 50 7 27
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 830 25 11 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 93 20 12 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 455 34 10 19
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.0 Transportation 53.0
Travel 71.2 Travel 17.4
Other commercial services 23.8 Other commercial services 29.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2001.

36 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CHILE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 16 758 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 169 458 Merchandise 48 45
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 242 398 excluding intra-EU trade 33 27
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 3 440 Commercial services 48 51
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 766 excluding intra-EU trade 30 33
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 80.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 139 4 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 159 6 8 2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 230 11 14 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.333

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2000-2002)
Trade Policy Review date 7, 9 October 2009 in total tax revenue 6.3
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 4
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 18 - 13
All goods 25.1 6.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 0
Agricultural goods (AOA) 26.0 6.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 25.0 6.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 10 - 13
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-3
in non-agricultural goods 0.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-1
Services sectors with GATS commitments 42 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 66 456 17 15 -2
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 61 903 16 23 31
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.41 Share in world total imports 0.38
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 23.5 Agricultural products 7.4
Fuels and mining products 63.9 Fuels and mining products 28.8
Manufactures 12.2 Manufactures 55.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 24.5 1. United States 17.0
2. China 15.2 2. European Union (27) 14.0
3. United States 12.8 3. China 11.4
4. Japan 10.8 4. Brazil 10.5
5. Korea, Republic of 5.9 5. Argentina 10.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 10 645 13 14 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 11 143 12 18 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.28 Share in world total imports 0.32
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 59.9 Transportation 60.2
Travel 16.5 Travel 12.3
Other commercial services 23.6 Other commercial services 27.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
58 348 406 16 992 8 775 ... 25 767

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 37

 CHINA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 325 640 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 3 860 039 Merchandise 2 3
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 7 903 235 excluding intra-EU trade 2 3
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 426 100 Commercial services 5 5
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 796 excluding intra-EU trade 3 4
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 73.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 217 10 13 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 457 21 20 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 324 16 14 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 5.898

WTO accession date 11 December 2001 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 21, 23 May 2008 in total tax revenue 6.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 16
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-5
All goods 10.0 9.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 110
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.8 15.6 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 9.1 8.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 6 - 17
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-4
in non-agricultural goods 51.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 93 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 428 332 24 26 17
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 132 488 22 21 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 8.89 Share in world total imports 6.90
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.0 Agricultural products 7.7
Fuels and mining products 3.8 Fuels and mining products 27.1
Manufactures 93.1 Manufactures 64.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 20.5 1. Japan 13.3
2. United States 17.7 2. European Union (27) 11.7
3. Hong Kong, China 13.4 3. Korea, Republic of 9.9
4. Japan 8.1 4. Taipei, Chinese 9.1
5. Korea, Republic of 5.2 5. China 8.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 146 446 22 33 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 158 004 20 29 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.88 Share in world total imports 4.53
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 26.2 Transportation 31.9
Travel 27.9 Travel 22.9
Other commercial services 45.9 Other commercial services 45.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
31 945 36 003 67 948 215 161 19 159 13 877 248 197

38 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 COLOMBIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 44 534 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 242 268 Merchandise 58 54
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 395 663 excluding intra-EU trade 41 36
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 6 713 Commercial services 74 62
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 648 excluding intra-EU trade 49 43
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 35.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 143 5 8 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 153 5 11 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 211 10 14 3

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.194

WTO accession date 30 April 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 November 2006 in total tax revenue 10.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 7.6
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 27
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-1
All goods 42.9 12.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 10
Agricultural goods (AOA) 91.8 16.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 35.4 11.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 5-3
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-1
in non-agricultural goods 5.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 57 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 37 626 14 23 25
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 39 669 17 26 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.23 Share in world total imports 0.24
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 17.8 Agricultural products 11.5
Fuels and mining products 48.0 Fuels and mining products 7.1
Manufactures 31.5 Manufactures 80.2
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 38.0 1. United States 29.2
2. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 16.2 2. European Union (27) 13.5
3. European Union (27) 12.8 3. China 11.5
4. Ecuador 4.0 4. Mexico 7.9
5. Switzerland 2.5 5. Brazil 5.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 967 9 8 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 7 108 10 14 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.20
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 31.2 Transportation 42.3
Travel 46.5 Travel 24.5
Other commercial services 22.3 Other commercial services 33.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
20 207 227 10 635 7 504 ... 18 139

TRADE PROFILES 2009 39

 COMOROS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 644 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 530 Merchandise 200 193
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 752 excluding intra-EU trade 174 167
Current account balance (million US$, 1995) - 19 Commercial services 180 183
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 347 excluding intra-EU trade 154 157
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 50.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 118 2 0 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 94 -1 6 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 140 4 8 2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 11.3 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 5.6 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 12.2 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 13 -1 31 0
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 180 20 21 29
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 40.7 Agricultural products 32.1
Fuels and mining products 0.3 Fuels and mining products 0.7
Manufactures 1.3 Manufactures 40.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 16.1 1. United Arab Emirates 38.6
2. Singapore 1.3 2. European Union (27) 12.8
3. India 1.2 3. Pakistan 4.0
4. United Arab Emirates 0.6 4. China 3.7
5. Yemen 0.3 5. Tanzania 2.9
Unspecified destinations 80.0 Unspecified origins 25.8
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 46 3 10 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 59 15 18 10
2007 a 2007 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 10.8 Transportation 63.7
Travel 63.2 Travel 20.2
Other commercial services 26.0 Other commercial services 16.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2004 and by destination/origin refer to 2007. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2006.

40 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CONGO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 615 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 10 699 Merchandise 88 138
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 14 265 excluding intra-EU trade 64 112
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 2 181 Commercial services 142 74
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 655 excluding intra-EU trade 116 51
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 149.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 136 4 -2 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.024

WTO accession date 27 March 1997 Import duties collected (%, 2003-2005)
Trade Policy Review date 27, 29 September 2006 in total tax revenue 20.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 16.1 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 49
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 27.3 17.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 30.0 21.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 14.6 17.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 4 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 9 050 18 -5 58
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 990 26 43 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 364 14 20 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 767 23 45 7
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 4.0 Transportation 15.0
Travel 18.0 Travel 4.8
Other commercial services 78.0 Other commercial services 80.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 13 13 ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 41

 CONGO, DEM. REP. OF

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 64 205 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 11 588 Merchandise 113 123
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 20 638 excluding intra-EU trade 89 97
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 140 121
Trade per capita (US$, 2002-2004) 62 excluding intra-EU trade 114 95
Trade to GDP ratio (2002-2004) 57.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 147 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 172 7 10 6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 347 17 9 6

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1997 Import duties collected (%, 2000-2002)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 32.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 8.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 38
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods 96.2 12.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 98.1 12.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 95.9 11.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 12 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 3 950 22 14 49
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 100 25 20 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2004 2000-2004 2003 2004
Commercial services exports (million US$) 172 25 45 19
Commercial services imports (million US$) 494 20 12 24
2004 2004
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 1996
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 205 374 ... 579

42 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 COSTA RICA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 527 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 29 834 Merchandise 87 80
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 50 884 excluding intra-EU trade 63 56
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 578 Commercial services 72 99
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 6 035 excluding intra-EU trade 47 73
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 102.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 147 5 8 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 154 6 10 -1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 159 6 4 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.086

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 7, 9 May 2007 in total tax revenue 6.3
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 8
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-4
All goods 42.8 6.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 2
Agricultural goods (AOA) 42.5 12.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 42.9 5.4 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 4-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 35.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 30.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 20 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 9 504 6 14 2
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 15 372 12 12 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 34.7 Agricultural products 9.6
Fuels and mining products 2.3 Fuels and mining products 16.4
Manufactures 63.0 Manufactures 73.3
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 38.2 1. United States 38.2
2. European Union (27) 17.4 2. European Union (27) 11.2
3. China 6.3 3. Mexico 6.2
4. Nicaragua 4.1 4. China 5.7
5. Hong Kong, China 4.0 5. Japan 5.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 164 10 22 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 966 6 12 9
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 9.8 Transportation 32.7
Travel 54.1 Travel 34.4
Other commercial services 36.0 Other commercial services 32.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 43

 CÔTE D’IVOIRE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 20 591 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 23 414 Merchandise 86 101
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 34 001 excluding intra-EU trade 62 76
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 488 Commercial services 118 89
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 904 excluding intra-EU trade 92 64
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 90.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 105 1 2 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 151 5 -10 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 128 3 1 0

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.062

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 4, 5 July 1995 in total tax revenue 31.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 10.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 33.1 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 42
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 11.1 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 14.9 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 8.6 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 39.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 29 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 100 13 0 19
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 7 150 ... 15 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 47.4 Agricultural products 22.3
Fuels and mining products 36.5 Fuels and mining products 31.2
Manufactures 11.5 Manufactures 46.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 48.0 1. Nigeria 29.3
2. United States 9.7 2. European Union (27) 27.5
3. Nigeria 6.4 3. China 6.9
4. Ghana 4.6 4. Thailand 4.5
5. Burkina Faso 4.2 5. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 3.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 845 9 10 9
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 444 10 8 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 28.2 Transportation 59.4
Travel 13.5 Travel 15.5
Other commercial services 58.3 Other commercial services 25.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Break in series for merchandise: 2001 for imports.

44 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CROATIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 434 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 69 332 Merchandise 78 64
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 84 621 excluding intra-EU trade 56 42
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 6 397 Commercial services 42 69
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 12 400 excluding intra-EU trade 25 47
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 93.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 5 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 152 5 4 2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 180 8 6 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.167

WTO accession date 30 November 2000 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 2.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 6.2 4.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 10.8 10.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 5.5 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.8 1.9 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-1
in agricultural goods (AOA) 22.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 54.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 126 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 14 112 16 19 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 30 728 19 20 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.09 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.1 Agricultural products 9.2
Fuels and mining products 17.2 Fuels and mining products 20.3
Manufactures 69.4 Manufactures 70.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 60.9 1. European Union (27) 64.1
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina 15.4 2. Russian Federation 10.4
3. Serbia 5.5 3. China 6.1
4. United States 2.5 4. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.7
5. Marshall Islands 1.4 5. United States 2.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 15 164 18 16 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 4 513 12 11 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.40 Share in world total imports 0.13
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 11.8 Transportation 22.9
Travel 74.3 Travel 24.6
Other commercial services 13.9 Other commercial services 52.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
40 107 147 955 785 6 985 8 725

TRADE PROFILES 2009 45

 CUBA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 11 247 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) ... Merchandise 114 82
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 90 58
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 52 102
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 875 excluding intra-EU trade 33 76
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) ...
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.062

WTO accession date 20 April 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 30.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 12
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 21.3 10.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 37.0 10.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 9.4 10.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 7.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 5.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 50 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 3 500 10 27 -12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 14 500 15 6 33
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.0 Agricultural products 16.4
Fuels and mining products 54.9 Fuels and mining products 30.2
Manufactures 25.1 Manufactures 53.2
By main destination By main origin
1. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 12.8 1. European Union (27) 21.8
2. European Union (27) 9.8 2. China 13.4
3. Russian Federation 3.2 3. United States 4.5
4. Bolivia 1.6 4. Canada 3.5
5. Mexico 1.2 5. Brazil 3.1
Unspecified destinations 62.8 Unspecified origins 36.7
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 9 129 17 19 6
Commercial services imports (million US$) ... ... 5 ...
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.24 Share in world total imports ...
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
37 33 70 374 673 1 614 2 661
a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2006.

46 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 CYPRUS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 864 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 21 277 Merchandise 133 88
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 21 186 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 4 479 Commercial services 50 68
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 25 729 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 96.8
Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Real GDP (2000=100) 127 4 4 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.066

WTO accession date 30 July 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 48
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 25 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 599 7 5 15
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 10 616 14 24 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.8 Agricultural products 13.9
Fuels and mining products 29.3 Fuels and mining products 21.4
Manufactures 48.7 Manufactures 64.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 49.6 1. European Union (27) 66.9
2. Lebanon 2.7 2. Israel 8.0
3. Russian Federation 2.1 3. China 5.3
4. United Arab Emirates 1.7 4. Japan 2.6
5. Japan 1.7 5. United States 1.7
Unspecified destinations 19.9 Unspecified origins 0.1
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 10 218 13 23 23
Commercial services imports (million US$) 4 572 14 28 26
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.27 Share in world total imports 0.13
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.4 Transportation 36.7
Travel 27.1 Travel 34.2
Other commercial services 42.5 Other commercial services 29.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2005 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
6 62 68 318 2 411 1 477 4 206

TRADE PROFILES 2009 47

 CZECH REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 10 428 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 216 485 Merchandise 30 29
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 257 696 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 6 631 Commercial services 36 38
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 26 063 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 151.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 140 4 6 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 218 12 15 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 206 11 14 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.695

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 82 - 67
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 86 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 146 321 22 29 19
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 141 493 20 27 20
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.91 Share in world total imports 0.86
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.5 Agricultural products 6.5
Fuels and mining products 5.4 Fuels and mining products 14.2
Manufactures 89.0 Manufactures 79.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 85.2 1. European Union (27) 67.0
2. Russian Federation 2.7 2. China 8.8
3. United States 1.7 3. Russian Federation 6.4
4. Switzerland 1.4 4. Japan 3.3
5. Ukraine 1.0 5. United States 2.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 22 179 16 23 29
Commercial services imports (million US$) 17 256 16 21 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.59 Share in world total imports 0.49
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 28.1 Transportation 25.7
Travel 34.8 Travel 26.6
Other commercial services 37.1 Other commercial services 47.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
227 976 1 203 7 316 895 4 235 12 446

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

48 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 DENMARK

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 498 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 342 672 Merchandise 34 32
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 201 249 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 6 938 Commercial services 17 17
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 58 406 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 102.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 111 1 2 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 134 4 4 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 155 7 6 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.984

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 116 759 11 11 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 110 827 12 15 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.73 Share in world total imports 0.67
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.2 Agricultural products 14.6
Fuels and mining products 13.3 Fuels and mining products 9.3
Manufactures 63.9 Manufactures 74.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 68.5 1. European Union (27) 72.5
2. Norway 6.0 2. China 5.9
3. United States 5.5 3. Norway 4.7
4. Japan 2.0 4. United States 3.2
5. China 1.9 5. Russian Federation 1.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 71 960 15 19 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) 62 269 15 19 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.90 Share in world total imports 1.78
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 66.1 Transportation 54.3
Travel 9.4 Travel 15.7
Other commercial services 24.5 Other commercial services 30.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
151 70 221 4 055 755 3 378 8 188

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 49

 DJIBOUTI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 848 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 875 Merchandise 183 178
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 814 excluding intra-EU trade 157 152
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 171 Commercial services 169 172
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 877 excluding intra-EU trade 143 146
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 89.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 131 3 4 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 138 6 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 138 6 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 27 February, 1 March 2006 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 42
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods 41.0 27.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 48.4 21.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 39.9 28.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 13 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 69 10 5 18
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 580 14 41 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 115 7 -5 25
Commercial services imports (million US$) 137 10 23 39
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 80.8 Transportation 78.4
Travel 6.5 Travel 2.4
Other commercial services 12.7 Other commercial services 19.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

50 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 DOMINICA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 73 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 364 Merchandise 187 192
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 636 excluding intra-EU trade 161 166
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 90 Commercial services 173 185
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 056 excluding intra-EU trade 147 159
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 108.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 117 2 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 63 -7 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 101 0 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 94.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 35
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 58.7 9.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 112.2 20.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.0 8.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 18.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 13.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 20 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 40 -3 -11 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 225 5 17 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 39.1 Agricultural products 24.5
Fuels and mining products 13.6 Fuels and mining products 16.6
Manufactures 47.3 Manufactures 58.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 27.1 1. United States 39.7
2. Jamaica 16.3 2. Trinidad and Tobago 21.3
3. Antigua and Barbuda 15.2 3. European Union (27) 9.6
4. Trinidad and Tobago 8.8 4. Japan 4.3
5. Guyana 5.2 5. Canada 2.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 101 2 0 2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 62 3 14 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 3.7 Transportation 50.4
Travel 71.5 Travel 17.3
Other commercial services 24.7 Other commercial services 32.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 51

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 838 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 45 790 Merchandise 94 77
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 80 841 excluding intra-EU trade 70 55
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 2 068 Commercial services 65 103
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 799 excluding intra-EU trade 42 77
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 66.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 150 5 8 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 115 2 2 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 125 3 12 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.093

WTO accession date 9 March 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 24, 26 November 2008 in total tax revenue 10.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 7
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 34.9 7.1 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 39.6 12.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 34.2 6.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-3
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-1
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 60 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 6 949 2 8 -3
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 16 095 7 12 18
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.1 Agricultural products 12.7
Fuels and mining products 7.5 Fuels and mining products 27.7
Manufactures 81.4 Manufactures 59.5
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 40.2 1. United States 44.8
2. European Union (27) 18.8 2. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 13.4
3. Haiti 8.8 3. European Union (27) 10.9
4. Korea, Republic of 3.7 4. Mexico 6.7
5. Canada 2.4 5. Japan 3.9
Unspecified destinations 15.4 Unspecified origins 1.6
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 883 6 5 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 775 4 12 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.13 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.5 Transportation 66.6
Travel 85.9 Travel 18.6
Other commercial services 6.6 Other commercial services 14.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2001.

52 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ECUADOR

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 13 479 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 52 572 Merchandise 72 73
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 107 946 excluding intra-EU trade 50 51
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 1 598 Commercial services 104 82
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 510 excluding intra-EU trade 78 57
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 71.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 2 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 147 5 -2 1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 217 10 6 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.091

WTO accession date 21 January 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 15, 17 June 2005 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 23
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 21.7 11.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 25.6 15.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 21.2 10.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 3-3
in agricultural goods (AOA) 2.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-0
in non-agricultural goods 31.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 2-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 66 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 18 511 18 13 29
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 18 686 22 15 34
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.12 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 28.3 Agricultural products 9.0
Fuels and mining products 63.7 Fuels and mining products 18.5
Manufactures 7.6 Manufactures 65.7
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 45.3 1. United States 14.9
2. European Union (27) 11.3 2. China 12.2
3. Peru 9.2 3. Colombia 9.5
4. Chile 8.1 4. European Union (27) 8.6
5. Panama 4.8 5. Japan 5.0
Unspecified destinations 0.4 Unspecified origins 13.4
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 288 6 13 19
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 888 11 10 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.08
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 29.8 Transportation 56.6
Travel 59.2 Travel 18.8
Other commercial services 11.0 Other commercial services 24.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
2 31 33 4 928 7 253 ... 12 181

TRADE PROFILES 2009 53

 EGYPT

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 81 527 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 162 818 Merchandise 66 50
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 441 584 excluding intra-EU trade 46 32
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 412 Commercial services 33 41
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 217 excluding intra-EU trade 19 24
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 72.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 146 5 7 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 358 17 23 28
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 298 15 29 24

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.248

WTO accession date 30 June 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 26, 28 July 2005 in total tax revenue 9.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-0
All goods 36.8 16.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 28
Agricultural goods (AOA) 96.1 66.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 27.7 9.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.2 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-4
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-1
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 44 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 23 995 21 15 25
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 47 540 16 36 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.15 Share in world total imports 0.29
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 11.5 Agricultural products 19.7
Fuels and mining products 47.7 Fuels and mining products 19.6
Manufactures 34.3 Manufactures 57.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 35.3 1. European Union (27) 26.7
2. India 6.6 2. United States 10.9
3. United States 4.8 3. China 8.4
4. Saudi Arabia 4.6 4. Saudi Arabia 6.1
5. Japan 3.4 5. Russian Federation 4.3
Unspecified destinations 6.2 Unspecified origins 0.4
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 24 674 12 24 26
Commercial services imports (million US$) 16 322 11 27 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.65 Share in world total imports 0.47
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 33.1 Transportation 44.8
Travel 43.7 Travel 17.9
Other commercial services 23.2 Other commercial services 37.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
80 220 300 ... ... 3 029 3 029

54 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 EL SALVADOR

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 134 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 22 115 Merchandise 107 94
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 41 675 excluding intra-EU trade 83 69
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 119 Commercial services 101 100
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 524 excluding intra-EU trade 75 74
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 75.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 125 3 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 146 5 4 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 150 5 8 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.054

WTO accession date 7 May 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 3, 5 February 2003 in total tax revenue 7.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 25
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-4
All goods 36.5 5.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 42.2 12.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 35.7 4.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 23.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 61.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 29 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 549 6 8 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 9 755 9 14 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.3 Agricultural products 16.4
Fuels and mining products 5.2 Fuels and mining products 20.1
Manufactures 73.9 Manufactures 63.2
By main destination By main origin
1. Guatemala 23.1 1. United States 30.6
2. United States 20.3 2. Mexico 10.1
3. Honduras 16.1 3. Guatemala 9.4
4. European Union (27) 10.5 4. European Union (27) 7.0
5. Nicaragua 9.0 5. China 4.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 482 10 5 2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 958 10 15 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 23.7 Transportation 48.2
Travel 60.3 Travel 31.9
Other commercial services 16.0 Other commercial services 19.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1995 Trademark registrations by office, 1997
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 60 61 1 303 4 157 ... 5 460

TRADE PROFILES 2009 55

 EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 659 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 18 525 Merchandise 75 133
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 22 329 excluding intra-EU trade 53 107
Current account balance (million US$, 1996) - 344 Commercial services 183 110
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 14 755 excluding intra-EU trade 157 84
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 69.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 457 21 21 11
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 17.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 21.9 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 17.3 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 16 300 40 24 60
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 270 28 37 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.10 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 33 17 15 26
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 419 13 33 26
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.8 Transportation 17.0
Travel 49.9 Travel 3.5
Other commercial services 47.3 Other commercial services 79.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2000.

56 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ERITREA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 996 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 654 Merchandise 196 181
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 158 excluding intra-EU trade 169 155
Current account balance (million US$, 2000) - 105 Commercial services 157 189
Trade per capita (US$, 2000-2002) 175 excluding intra-EU trade 131 163
Trade to GDP ratio (2000-2002) 100.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 1 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 81 -3 -2 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 81 -3 -2 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Non-member and non-observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 7.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 10.0 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 7.6 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 17 -9 43 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 530 1 3 4
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 65.0 Agricultural products 46.5
Fuels and mining products 2.5 Fuels and mining products 1.7
Manufactures 32.5 Manufactures 51.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 36.1 1. European Union (27) 25.9
2. Sudan 19.4 2. United States 15.9
3. Singapore 12.4 3. United Arab Emirates 12.2
4. India 7.2 4. Saudi Arabia 10.5
5. Russian Federation 2.9 5. India 6.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2002 2000-2002 2001 2002
Commercial services exports (million US$) 118 48 109 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) 25 3 18 -9
2002 b 2002 b
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.2 Transportation 27.6
Travel 64.2 Travel 49.5
Other commercial services 17.6 Other commercial services 22.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2003. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2000.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 57

 ESTONIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 341 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 23 089 Merchandise 79 79
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 27 701 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 192 Commercial services 64 77
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 24 337 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 162.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 165 6 6 -4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 163 6 0 -1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 190 8 4 -8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.088

WTO accession date 13 November 1999
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009
Tariffs and duty free imports
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008
Simple average of import duties
All goods 5.5 5.6
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007)
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3
in non-agricultural goods 53.2
Services sectors with GATS commitments 103
Import duties collected
in total tax revenue ...
to total imports ...
Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 32
Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
Requests for consultation 81 - 65
Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 12 451 ... 14 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 16 028 ... 17 2
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.08 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.7 Agricultural products 12.7
Fuels and mining products 16.3 Fuels and mining products 17.4
Manufactures 68.7 Manufactures 69.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 63.4 1. European Union (27) 59.7
2. Russian Federation 15.1 2. Russian Federation 10.1
3. United States 5.7 3. China 5.7
4. Norway 3.0 4. Belarus 3.8
5. Ukraine 1.9 5. Japan 3.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 5 048 17 25 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 352 18 26 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.13 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 39.6 Transportation 38.8
Travel 24.0 Travel 23.6
Other commercial services 36.4 Other commercial services 37.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
13 1 043 1 056 876 302 2 991 4 169
a Break in series for merchandise: 2004.

58 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ETHIOPIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 80 713 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 26 487 Merchandise 132 99
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 70 069 excluding intra-EU trade 107 74
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 822 Commercial services 93 90
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 125 excluding intra-EU trade 67 65
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 48.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 187 8 11 11
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 220 10 10 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 226 11 4 7

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2001-2002)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 49.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 17.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 17.3 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 22.4 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 16.6 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 22.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 602 16 24 25
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 7 700 25 20 34
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 85.5 Agricultural products 13.9
Fuels and mining products 0.5 Fuels and mining products 12.8
Manufactures 9.0 Manufactures 73.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 35.0 1. China 20.2
2. Saudi Arabia 7.7 2. European Union (27) 18.7
3. United States 7.2 3. Saudi Arabia 14.2
4. Switzerland 6.2 4. United Arab Emirates 8.4
5. China 5.3 5. India 7.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 770 21 33 50
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 371 22 50 37
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 59.2 Transportation 68.1
Travel 21.1 Travel 6.6
Other commercial services 19.7 Other commercial services 25.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 1995
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 1 1 239 103 ... 342

TRADE PROFILES 2009 59

 EUROPEAN UNION (27)

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 496 754 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 16 847 194 Merchandise - -
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 14 817 619 excluding intra-EU trade 1 1
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 373 591 Commercial services - -
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 8 523 excluding intra-EU trade 1 1
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 27.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 117 2 3 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 144 5 5 2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 144 5 5 1

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue 0.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.2
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 28
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 27 - 4
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 924 912 12 17 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 282 239 12 16 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 15.91 Share in world total imports 18.33
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.6 Agricultural products 7.6
Fuels and mining products 8.7 Fuels and mining products 33.5
Manufactures 81.4 Manufactures 56.4
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 19.1 1. China 16.0
2. Russian Federation 8.0 2. United States 12.0
3. Switzerland 7.6 3. Russian Federation 11.2
4. China 6.0 4. Norway 5.9
5. Turkey 4.1 5. Switzerland 5.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 743 195 ... 22 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 620 710 ... 19 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 26.86 Share in world total imports 23.90
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 26.3 Transportation 26.1
Travel 14.6 Travel 22.7
Other commercial services 59.2 Other commercial services 51.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
- - - 39 910 17 170 12 046 69 126

60 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 FIJI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 839 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 3 527 Merchandise 149 144
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 676 excluding intra-EU trade 123 118
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) - 715 Commercial services 120 143
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 4 352 excluding intra-EU trade 94 117
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 114.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 109 1 -7 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 14 January 1996 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 March 2009 in total tax revenue 18.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.2
Tariff binding coverage (%) 52.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 34
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 41.8 11.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 47.2 23.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 40.0 9.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.3 2.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 5.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 1 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 923 6 11 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 266 13 0 26
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 49.1 Agricultural products 17.1
Fuels and mining products 27.0 Fuels and mining products 31.2
Manufactures 19.5 Manufactures 42.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Singapore 18.6 1. Singapore 34.2
2. European Union (27) 15.5 2. Australia 22.8
3. United States 14.7 3. New Zealand 17.7
4. Australia 13.3 4. China 3.3
5. New Zealand 6.9 5. United States 3.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 733 9 -6 -1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 497 6 2 -3
2007 a 2007 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 33.6 Transportation 57.8
Travel 58.6 Travel 19.7
Other commercial services 7.8 Other commercial services 22.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 61

 FINLAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 313 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 271 282 Merchandise 37 35
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 188 219 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 10 121 Commercial services 34 35
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 39 327 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 86.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 125 3 4 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 140 5 5 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 146 6 4 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.639

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 99 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 96 455 10 17 7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 91 781 13 18 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.60 Share in world total imports 0.56
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.2 Agricultural products 8.4
Fuels and mining products 10.6 Fuels and mining products 24.8
Manufactures 78.0 Manufactures 65.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 55.9 1. European Union (27) 54.3
2. Russian Federation 11.6 2. Russian Federation 16.3
3. United States 6.3 3. China 7.0
4. China 3.1 4. United States 3.0
5. Norway 3.0 5. Norway 2.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 24 229 15 32 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 23 119 14 19 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.64 Share in world total imports 0.66
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.6 Transportation 25.7
Travel 12.9 Travel 18.9
Other commercial services 72.5 Other commercial services 55.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
643 278 921 2 352 474 2 837 5 663
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

62 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 FRANCE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 62 048 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 853 062 Merchandise 6 5
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 112 426 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 52 910 Commercial services 4 6
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 23 010 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 55.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 114 2 2 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 120 3 3 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 134 4 6 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 4.716

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 67
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 605 403 8 11 10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 705 577 10 14 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.77 Share in world total imports 4.30
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.6 Agricultural products 9.3
Fuels and mining products 7.5 Fuels and mining products 19.5
Manufactures 77.7 Manufactures 70.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 63.6 1. European Union (27) 60.3
2. United States 5.9 2. China 6.5
3. Switzerland 3.0 3. United States 5.5
4. China 2.2 4. Russian Federation 2.9
5. Russian Federation 1.7 5. Switzerland 2.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 160 464 9 15 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 139 359 11 15 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 4.25 Share in world total imports 3.99
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 25.6 Transportation 30.1
Travel 34.3 Travel 30.2
Other commercial services 40.1 Other commercial services 39.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
9 748 2 364 12 112 ... ... 6 381 6 381
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 63

 FYR MACEDONIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 038 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 9 521 Merchandise 112 104
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 20 460 excluding intra-EU trade 88 79
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 210 Commercial services 112 125
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 832 excluding intra-EU trade 86 99
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 124.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 124 3 6 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 129 3 12 10
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 134 4 15 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.024

WTO accession date 4 April 2003 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 26
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-0
All goods 7.2 7.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 13.2 13.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.3 6.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.3 1.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 19.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 56.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 3 978 15 40 19
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 6 852 16 39 31
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.9 Agricultural products 11.9
Fuels and mining products 9.1 Fuels and mining products 26.0
Manufactures 77.7 Manufactures 62.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 65.1 1. European Union (27) 49.5
2. Serbia 19.1 2. Russian Federation 12.3
3. Croatia 4.9 3. Serbia 8.6
4. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.6 4. China 4.6
5. Albania 2.2 5. Turkey 3.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 992 17 37 24
Commercial services imports (million US$) 970 18 37 30
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 33.0 Transportation 41.8
Travel 23.0 Travel 14.0
Other commercial services 43.9 Other commercial services 44.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2004 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
23 83 106 ... ... 4 675 4 675
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

64 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GABON

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 448 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 14 435 Merchandise 90 142
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 21 037 excluding intra-EU trade 66 116
Current account balance (million US$, 2005) 1 983 Commercial services 164 109
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 898 excluding intra-EU trade 138 83
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 94.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 119 2 6 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 87 -2 4 0
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 168 7 22 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.024

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 1, 3 October 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 21.4 17.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 60.0 21.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.5 17.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 2.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 7.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 15 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 8 700 16 21 32
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 450 13 16 23
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.3 Agricultural products 17.0
Fuels and mining products 87.6 Fuels and mining products 5.0
Manufactures 4.0 Manufactures 77.3
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 58.4 1. European Union (27) 66.9
2. European Union (27) 12.1 2. United States 7.3
3. China 10.6 3. Cameroon 3.5
4. Singapore 5.3 4. Japan 3.0
5. Switzerland 2.6 5. China 2.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 149 -2 13 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 467 7 18 18
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 22.0 Transportation 31.4
Travel 7.7 Travel 26.9
Other commercial services 70.3 Other commercial services 41.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2006. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2005.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 65

 GAMBIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 660 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 782 Merchandise 199 186
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 262 excluding intra-EU trade 173 160
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 53 Commercial services 167 182
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 321 excluding intra-EU trade 141 156
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 93.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 99 0 7 9
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 97 0 9 -1

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 23 October 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 4, 6 February 2004 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 13.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 102.0 19.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 103.5 18.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 56.1 19.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 23.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 1.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 111 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 14 -1 9 11
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 329 7 24 3
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 63.7 Agricultural products 31.9
Fuels and mining products 15.4 Fuels and mining products 20.7
Manufactures 20.9 Manufactures 47.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 42.8 1. European Union (27) 42.1
2. India 17.4 2. United States 10.9
3. Senegal 17.4 3. China 10.8
4. Singapore 4.8 4. Côte d'Ivoire 8.9
5. United Arab Emirates 4.1 5. Brazil 4.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 114 9 16 24
Commercial services imports (million US$) 77 3 107 -18
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 17.4 Transportation 47.2
Travel 65.3 Travel 9.6
Other commercial services 17.3 Other commercial services 43.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

66 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GEORGIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 364 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 12 793 Merchandise 135 108
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 21 370 excluding intra-EU trade 109 83
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 851 Commercial services 107 118
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 028 excluding intra-EU trade 81 92
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 87.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 179 8 12 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 161 6 10 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 201 9 22 9

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.020

WTO accession date 14 June 2000 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 3.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 14
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-0
All goods 7.4 1.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 13.6 8.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.5 0.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.3 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 41.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 98.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 125 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 498 21 25 21
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 6 058 31 42 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 18.3 Agricultural products 15.9
Fuels and mining products 23.2 Fuels and mining products 20.0
Manufactures 51.7 Manufactures 63.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 22.3 1. European Union (27) 27.4
2. Turkey 17.6 2. Turkey 15.1
3. Azerbaijan 13.7 3. Ukraine 10.8
4. Ukraine 9.0 4. Azerbaijan 10.0
5. Canada 8.8 5. Russian Federation 7.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 159 24 22 19
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 152 23 27 32
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 53.2 Transportation 55.7
Travel 38.5 Travel 17.7
Other commercial services 8.3 Other commercial services 26.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
38 33 71 301 638 3 699 4 638

TRADE PROFILES 2009 67

 GERMANY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 82 140 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 3 652 824 Merchandise 1 2
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 925 220 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 243 550 Commercial services 3 2
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 34 994 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 87.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 110 1 2 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 163 7 8 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 140 5 5 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 8.802

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 461 853 13 19 11
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 203 787 12 16 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 9.10 Share in world total imports 7.33
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.0 Agricultural products 9.0
Fuels and mining products 5.8 Fuels and mining products 18.9
Manufactures 86.2 Manufactures 70.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 63.7 1. European Union (27) 58.5
2. United States 7.2 2. China 7.2
3. Switzerland 4.0 3. United States 5.6
4. China 3.4 4. Russian Federation 4.4
5. Russian Federation 3.2 5. Switzerland 3.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 241 590 15 18 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 283 028 10 16 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 6.39 Share in world total imports 8.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 24.4 Transportation 23.0
Travel 16.6 Travel 32.4
Other commercial services 59.0 Other commercial services 44.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
12 977 4 762 17 739 51 749 2 785 6 104 60 638

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

68 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GHANA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 23 351 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 16 123 Merchandise 101 90
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 33 907 excluding intra-EU trade 77 65
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 2 151 Commercial services 100 98
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 698 excluding intra-EU trade 74 72
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 109.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 153 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 133 4 3 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 178 7 9 9

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.042

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 28, 30 January 2008 in total tax revenue 20.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 14.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 92.5 13.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 97.1 17.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 34.7 12.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 1.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 33.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 30 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 275 15 13 26
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 10 261 17 20 27
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 49.3 Agricultural products 14.0
Fuels and mining products 15.8 Fuels and mining products 13.4
Manufactures 7.8 Manufactures 60.8
By main destination By main origin
1. South Africa 44.0 1. European Union (27) 27.8
2. European Union (27) 26.4 2. China 11.7
3. India 5.3 3. Nigeria 8.7
4. Malaysia 3.2 4. United States 7.7
5. United States 2.8 5. India 4.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 579 16 28 -2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 977 18 25 9
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.4 Transportation 47.3
Travel 56.3 Travel 30.9
Other commercial services 24.3 Other commercial services 21.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 69

 GREECE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 11 238 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 356 796 Merchandise 65 42
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 329 963 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 51 312 Commercial services 23 34
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 14 961 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 53.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 138 4 4 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 118 2 6 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 132 4 7 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.483

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 67
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 25 242 10 14 7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 79 049 11 20 4
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.16 Share in world total imports 0.48
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 23.2 Agricultural products 13.2
Fuels and mining products 20.2 Fuels and mining products 14.8
Manufactures 53.9 Manufactures 71.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 64.0 1. European Union (27) 54.9
2. United States 5.1 2. Russian Federation 7.3
3. Turkey 3.6 3. China 5.5
4. FYR Macedonia 2.6 4. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 3.3
5. Russian Federation 2.4 5. Turkey 2.8
Unspecified destinations 2.6 Unspecified origins 1.4
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 50 377 13 21 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) 24 392 11 24 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.33 Share in world total imports 0.70
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 56.2 Transportation 56.3
Travel 34.6 Travel 16.1
Other commercial services 9.2 Other commercial services 27.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
355 3 890 4 245 ... ... 3 688 3 688

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

70 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GRENADA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 106 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 638 Merchandise 191 184
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 901 excluding intra-EU trade 165 158
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 222 Commercial services 165 176
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 400 excluding intra-EU trade 139 150
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 97.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 121 2 15 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 22 February 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 56.8 10.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 101.0 16.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.0 9.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 15.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 12.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 19 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 31 -5 32 -9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 363 5 22 0
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 58.6 Agricultural products 23.1
Fuels and mining products 0.3 Fuels and mining products 20.0
Manufactures 41.1 Manufactures 56.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Dominica 16.4 1. United States 30.9
2. United States 16.3 2. Trinidad and Tobago 24.9
3. European Union (27) 16.1 3. European Union (27) 10.7
4. Saint Lucia 11.2 4. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 7.0
5. Barbados 9.4 5. Japan 3.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 145 0 14 -1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 109 3 10 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 8.3 Transportation 47.2
Travel 74.4 Travel 10.0
Other commercial services 17.3 Other commercial services 42.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 71

 GUATEMALA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 13 676 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 38 977 Merchandise 93 81
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 65 100 excluding intra-EU trade 69 57
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 862 Commercial services 98 96
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 706 excluding intra-EU trade 72 70
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 66.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 135 4 6 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 128 3 11 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 148 5 7 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.067

WTO accession date 21 July 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 4, 6 February 2009 in total tax revenue 12.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 16
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-2
All goods 42.2 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 9.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 40.8 4.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 7-2
in agricultural goods (AOA) 30.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-2
in non-agricultural goods 59.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 20 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 7 738 ... 15 12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 14 549 ... 14 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 41.8 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 11.3 Fuels and mining products 20.8
Manufactures 46.9 Manufactures 65.1
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 39.4 1. United States 36.7
2. El Salvador 12.6 2. Mexico 9.7
3. Honduras 9.5 3. European Union (27) 6.6
4. Mexico 6.6 4. China 5.8
5. European Union (27) 5.6 5. El Salvador 4.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 649 11 15 2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 125 13 15 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 11.4 Transportation 54.3
Travel 64.8 Travel 28.5
Other commercial services 23.8 Other commercial services 17.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
3 107 110 ... 4 184 ... 4 184

a Break in series for merchandise: 2002.

72 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GUINEA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 833 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 266 Merchandise 139 155
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 11 839 excluding intra-EU trade 113 129
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 456 Commercial services 182 160
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 235 excluding intra-EU trade 156 134
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 60.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 132 4 2 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 123 3 6 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 102 0 2 8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 25 October 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 12, 14 october 2005 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 38.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 20.1 11.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 39.7 14.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.0 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 9 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 360 9 7 19
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 600 13 26 33
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.0 Agricultural products 16.2
Fuels and mining products 52.6 Fuels and mining products 39.5
Manufactures 10.4 Manufactures 44.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 49.6 1. European Union (27) 53.5
2. Switzerland 19.5 2. China 6.7
3. Russian Federation 10.6 3. United States 5.2
4. United States 6.7 4. Australia 3.9
5. Canada 4.0 5. Brazil 2.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 44 7 6 29
Commercial services imports (million US$) 248 4 14 12
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 13.6 Transportation 38.9
Travel 0.4 Travel 11.7
Other commercial services 86.0 Other commercial services 49.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 73

 GUINEA-BISSAU

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 575 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 430 Merchandise 181 196
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 847 excluding intra-EU trade 155 170
Current account balance (million US$, 2004) 14 Commercial services 187 186
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 170 excluding intra-EU trade 161 160
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 76.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 94 -1 1 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 135 4 5 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 105 1 9 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 40
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 48.6 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 40.0 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.0 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 2 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 98 6 15 15
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) b 160 ... 7 18
2008 c 2008 c
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. India 86.6 1. European Union (27) 46.9
2. Singapore 12.1 2. Senegal 40.9
3. European Union (27) 0.8 3. Thailand 7.0
4. Panama 0.2 4. China 2.4
5. Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 0.2 5. Gambia 1.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 11 13 -15 187
Commercial services imports (million US$) 48 8 -5 21
2007 c 2007 c
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.7 Transportation 56.9
Travel 71.4 Travel 39.3
Other commercial services 15.9 Other commercial services 3.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Break in series for merchandise: 2001 for imports.
c Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2005. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2006.

74 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 GUYANA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 763 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 158 Merchandise 154 161
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 940 excluding intra-EU trade 128 135
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 166 Commercial services 155 158
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 2 398 excluding intra-EU trade 129 132
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 197.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 102 0 -2 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 99 0 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 98 -1 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 8, 10 July 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 26
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-2
All goods 56.7 10.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 21.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.0 9.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 37.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 16.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 19 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 799 6 19 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 300 11 19 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 47.0 Agricultural products 15.2
Fuels and mining products 24.5 Fuels and mining products 39.8
Manufactures 9.1 Manufactures 44.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 30.1 1. Trinidad and Tobago 29.0
2. Canada 22.5 2. United States 26.6
3. United States 17.4 3. European Union (27) 7.9
4. Ukraine 5.4 4. Netherlands Antilles 6.5
5. Jamaica 4.8 5. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 173 0 0 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) 273 5 22 11
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.0 Transportation 31.4
Travel 29.2 Travel 21.1
Other commercial services 65.8 Other commercial services 47.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2002 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2002.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 75

 HAITI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 780 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 6 953 Merchandise 162 147
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 11 509 excluding intra-EU trade 136 121
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 80 Commercial services 156 145
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 297 excluding intra-EU trade 130 119
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 46.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 104 1 3 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 30 January 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 4, 6 November 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 89.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 26
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-1
All goods 18.7 2.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 21.3 5.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 18.3 2.4 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 9.3 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 16 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 490 6 3 -6
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 148 10 13 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.0 Agricultural products 30.7
Fuels and mining products 0.0 Fuels and mining products 28.8
Manufactures 92.0 Manufactures 40.5
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 193 3 2 27
Commercial services imports (million US$) 558 9 30 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1999 Trademark registrations by office, 1999
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 7 7 82 812 ... 894

76 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 HONDURAS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 7 242 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 14 077 Merchandise 97 89
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 28 709 excluding intra-EU trade 73 64
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 225 Commercial services 114 115
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 280 excluding intra-EU trade 88 89
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 131.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 6 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 158 6 4 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 163 6 8 2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.035

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 29 September, 1 October 2003 in total tax revenue 7.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-2
All goods 32.6 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 32.3 10.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 32.6 4.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 6-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 32.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-0
in non-agricultural goods 61.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 17 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 6 046 8 6 8
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 389 13 17 21
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 26.6 Agricultural products 11.4
Fuels and mining products 4.3 Fuels and mining products 16.2
Manufactures 56.7 Manufactures 58.9
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 42.8 1. United States 40.0
2. European Union (27) 20.3 2. Guatemala 8.3
3. Guatemala 9.2 3. European Union (27) 6.6
4. El Salvador 8.1 4. Mexico 6.0
5. Mexico 4.4 5. El Salvador 4.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 902 8 9 23
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 203 7 6 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.8 Transportation 60.0
Travel 68.8 Travel 28.6
Other commercial services 25.4 Other commercial services 11.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2002 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
6 41 47 1 119 4 147 ... 5 266

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 77

 HONG KONG, CHINA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 978 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 215 355 Merchandise 13 13
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 306 487 excluding intra-EU trade 8 7
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 30 532 Commercial services 12 20
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 119 905 excluding intra-EU trade 6 11
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 406.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 143 5 6 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 188 8 8 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 176 7 9 2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.846

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 13, 15 December 2006 in total tax revenue 0.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 45.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 4
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-1
All goods 0.0 0.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 0.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 0.0 0.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 1-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 100.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 68 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 370 242 8 8 6
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 392 962 8 10 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.30 Share in world total imports 2.39
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.8 Agricultural products 4.2
Fuels and mining products 2.0 Fuels and mining products 5.8
Manufactures 94.0 Manufactures 88.8
By main destination By main origin
1. China 48.2 1. China 46.1
2. European Union (27) 13.7 2. Japan 10.0
3. United States 12.5 3. European Union (27) 7.6
4. Japan 4.2 4. Singapore 6.4
5. Taipei, Chinese 2.0 5. Taipei, Chinese 6.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 92 318 11 16 9
Commercial services imports (million US$) 45 849 8 15 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.44 Share in world total imports 1.31
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.8 Transportation 32.5
Travel 16.5 Travel 34.6
Other commercial services 52.7 Other commercial services 32.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
57 4 782 4 839 6 324 13 070 ... 19 394

78 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 HUNGARY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 10 038 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 154 668 Merchandise 36 33
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 194 023 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 12 980 Commercial services 37 37
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 21 402 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 158.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 131 3 1 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 221 10 16 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 204 9 13 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.607

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 33
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 86 - 67
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 102 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 107 709 18 27 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 107 910 16 22 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.67 Share in world total imports 0.66
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.1 Agricultural products 5.8
Fuels and mining products 5.2 Fuels and mining products 15.3
Manufactures 84.8 Manufactures 77.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 78.3 1. European Union (27) 68.3
2. Russian Federation 3.6 2. Russian Federation 9.3
3. United States 2.3 3. China 5.6
4. Ukraine 2.0 4. Japan 2.6
5. Croatia 1.6 5. United States 1.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 19 958 17 28 18
Commercial services imports (million US$) 18 469 19 33 20
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.53 Share in world total imports 0.53
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.9 Transportation 19.7
Travel 30.2 Travel 21.9
Other commercial services 49.9 Other commercial services 58.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
112 525 637 3 127 884 4 380 8 391

TRADE PROFILES 2009 79

 ICELAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 317 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 16 658 Merchandise 100 107
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 11 656 excluding intra-EU trade 76 82
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 6 607 Commercial services 86 87
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 48 730 excluding intra-EU trade 60 62
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 85.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 134 4 4 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 148 6 18 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 158 7 -1 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.046

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 7, 9 June 2006 in total tax revenue 1.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 95.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 46
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 19 - 7
All goods 23.5 7.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 109.1 40.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 9.6 2.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 3.1 2.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 67.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 79.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 113 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 382 14 38 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 6 205 12 9 -7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 38.6 Agricultural products 10.0
Fuels and mining products 41.1 Fuels and mining products 24.8
Manufactures 19.0 Manufactures 64.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 76.2 1. European Union (27) 53.6
2. United States 5.6 2. Norway 11.2
3. Japan 4.4 3. United States 8.0
4. Norway 4.4 4. China 6.6
5. China 2.2 5. Australia 4.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 134 11 24 -3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 498 10 16 -15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 43.7 Transportation 32.2
Travel 27.1 Travel 44.2
Other commercial services 29.2 Other commercial services 23.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
11 127 138 630 739 3 044 4 413
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

80 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 INDIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 139 965 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 217 490 Merchandise 27 16
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 388 473 excluding intra-EU trade 19 10
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) - 9 415 Commercial services 9 13
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 467 excluding intra-EU trade 5 7
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 47.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 179 8 9 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 256 12 8 0
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 302 15 8 0

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.243

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2002-2004)
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 May 2007 in total tax revenue 19.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 10.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 73.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 39
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-1
All goods 49.0 13.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 169
Agricultural goods (AOA) 114.2 32.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 34.7 10.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 5.3 5.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 18 - 20
in agricultural goods (AOA) 6.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 9-6
in non-agricultural goods 9.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 1-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 37 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 177 499 20 22 21
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 293 374 24 25 35
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.10 Share in world total imports 1.79
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.0 Agricultural products 4.0
Fuels and mining products 24.4 Fuels and mining products 45.6
Manufactures 63.2 Manufactures 43.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 21.6 1. European Union (27) 13.9
2. United States 11.8 2. China 10.0
3. United Arab Emirates 10.5 3. United States 7.8
4. China 5.6 4. Saudi Arabia 7.3
5. Singapore 4.9 5. United Arab Emirates 6.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) a 102 648 ... 23 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) a 83 599 ... 22 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.72 Share in world total imports 2.40
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 10.8 Transportation 49.5
Travel 11.5 Travel 11.5
Other commercial services 77.7 Other commercial services 39.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 907 5 632 7 539 ... ... ... 109 361
a Break in series for commercial services: 2004, 2005.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 81

 INDONESIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 228 249 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 514 389 Merchandise 31 30
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 907 264 excluding intra-EU trade 21 20
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 606 Commercial services 43 32
Trade per capita (US$, 2001-2003) 562 excluding intra-EU trade 26 20
Trade to GDP ratio (2001-2003) 60.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 150 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 181 8 9 9
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 197 9 9 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.742

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2001-2003)
Trade Policy Review date 27, 29 June 2007 in total tax revenue 4.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 56
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-2
All goods 37.1 6.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 20
Agricultural goods (AOA) 47.1 8.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 35.6 6.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 4-4
in agricultural goods (AOA) 37.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-4
in non-agricultural goods 66.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 1-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 45 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 139 278 10 14 18
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 126 160 14 15 36
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.87 Share in world total imports 0.77
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 23.6 Agricultural products 10.6
Fuels and mining products 36.3 Fuels and mining products 28.5
Manufactures 37.8 Manufactures 60.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 20.2 1. Singapore 16.9
2. European Union (27) 11.3 2. China 11.8
3. United States 9.5 3. Japan 11.7
4. Singapore 9.4 4. European Union (27) 8.2
5. China 8.5 5. Malaysia 6.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2003 2000-2003 2002 2003
Commercial services exports (million US$) 5 143 1 22 -21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 17 171 4 8 2
2003 2003
Share in world total exports 0.28 Share in world total imports 0.96
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 16.6 Transportation 28.1
Travel 78.5 Travel 18.0
Other commercial services 4.9 Other commercial services 54.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
16 615 631 ... ... ... 24 677

82 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 IRAN, ISLAMIC REP. OF

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 71 956 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 385 143 Merchandise 35 48
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 839 438 excluding intra-EU trade 23 30
Current account balance (million US$, 2000) 12 481 Commercial services 59 49
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 421 excluding intra-EU trade 37 32
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 57.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 158 6 8 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 136 4 3 1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 250 12 5 7

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2006-2008)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 21.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 7.2
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - 26.0 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 28.9 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 25.6 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 0.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 113 401 19 15 28
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 57 411 19 10 28
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.71 Share in world total imports 0.35
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.2 Agricultural products 13.7
Fuels and mining products 84.2 Fuels and mining products 9.7
Manufactures 9.9 Manufactures 70.5
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 23.9 1. European Union (27) 9.0
2. Taipei, Chinese 22.5 2. China 6.0
3. European Union (27) 19.8 3. India 3.7
4. United Arab Emirates 2.9 4. Japan 2.6
5. Iraq 2.9 5. Malaysia 0.8
Unspecified destinations 0.3 Unspecified origins 74.8
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 6 763 21 8 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 12 011 24 14 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.18 Share in world total imports 0.34
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 44.3 Transportation 22.7
Travel 23.6 Travel 56.4
Other commercial services 32.1 Other commercial services 20.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2001 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
529 ... 529 ... ... 3 221 3 221
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 83

 IRAQ

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 1999) 23 901 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2003) 12 602 Merchandise 53 62
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 38 41
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) 2 681 Commercial services 137 60
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 111 41
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) ...
Annual percentage change
2004 2000-2004 2003 2004
Real GDP (2000=100) 74 -7 -41 46
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - ... Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - ... Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - ... Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 59 700 14 30 51
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 31 200 11 3 45
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.37 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.1 Agricultural products 11.9
Fuels and mining products 97.7 Fuels and mining products 0.7
Manufactures 0.0 Manufactures 26.5
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 33.7 1. ... ...
2. Taipei, Chinese 29.6 2. ... ...
3. European Union (27) 17.4 3. ... ...
4. Japan 2.3 4. ... ...
5. Syrian Arab Republic 0.2 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 353 ... ... 2
Commercial services imports (million US$) 5 030 ... ... -7
2006 2006
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 57.8 Transportation 51.3
Travel 40.8 Travel 7.8
Other commercial services 1.4 Other commercial services 40.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
28 18 46 ... ... ... ...

84 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 IRELAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 460 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 281 776 Merchandise 33 39
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 197 111 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 12 686 Commercial services 11 8
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 85 122 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 146.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 143 5 6 -2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 135 5 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 131 5 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.253

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 68
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 25
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 124 101 6 12 2
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 83 177 6 15 -1
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.77 Share in world total imports 0.51
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.0 Agricultural products 10.7
Fuels and mining products 2.2 Fuels and mining products 13.2
Manufactures 84.6 Manufactures 69.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 62.3 1. European Union (27) 63.6
2. United States 19.3 2. United States 11.7
3. Switzerland 3.0 3. China 6.8
4. Japan 2.0 4. Norway 2.3
5. China 1.9 5. Japan 2.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 99 235 24 30 12
Commercial services imports (million US$) 106 189 17 20 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.63 Share in world total imports 3.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 3.8 Transportation 2.6
Travel 6.5 Travel 10.0
Other commercial services 89.8 Other commercial services 87.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
261 53 314 1 114 970 2 539 4 623

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 85

 ISRAEL

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 7 308 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 199 498 Merchandise 52 44
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 201 323 excluding intra-EU trade 37 26
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 1 596 Commercial services 35 36
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 20 114 excluding intra-EU trade 20 22
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 85.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 128 3 5 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 133 4 9 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 124 3 12 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.478

WTO accession date 21 April 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 1, 3 February 2006 in total tax revenue 1.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 75.1 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 34
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 7-0
All goods 22.0 6.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 4
Agricultural goods (AOA) 73.3 17.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 11.2 5.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 5.9 4.7 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 67.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 76.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 58 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 60 825 9 16 12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 67 656 8 17 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.38 Share in world total imports 0.41
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.5 Agricultural products 7.5
Fuels and mining products 2.3 Fuels and mining products 21.2
Manufactures 92.7 Manufactures 67.1
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 32.6 1. European Union (27) 34.5
2. European Union (27) 29.0 2. United States 12.3
3. Hong Kong, China 6.8 3. China 6.5
4. India 3.8 4. Switzerland 6.1
5. Turkey 2.6 5. Japan 3.4
Unspecified destinations 3.0 Unspecified origins 17.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 23 763 6 10 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 19 600 7 20 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.63 Share in world total imports 0.56
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 22.2 Transportation 34.8
Travel 15.3 Travel 17.5
Other commercial services 62.4 Other commercial services 47.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
372 2 117 2 489 2 112 5 517 ... 7 629
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

86 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ITALY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 59 855 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 293 008 Merchandise 7 8
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 840 902 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 78 029 Commercial services 8 7
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 20 323 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 57.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 107 1 1 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 115 2 5 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 122 3 4 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 3.866

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 538 028 11 20 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 554 909 11 16 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.35 Share in world total imports 3.38
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 7.5 Agricultural products 10.8
Fuels and mining products 6.9 Fuels and mining products 25.2
Manufactures 84.2 Manufactures 63.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 57.9 1. European Union (27) 53.1
2. United States 6.3 2. China 6.3
3. Switzerland 4.0 3. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3.8
4. Russian Federation 2.9 4. United States 3.1
5. Turkey 2.0 5. Switzerland 3.0
Unspecified destinations 1.5 Unspecified origins 6.3
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 121 890 10 13 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 131 748 12 21 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.23 Share in world total imports 3.78
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.4 Transportation 23.3
Travel 37.9 Travel 23.4
Other commercial services 47.6 Other commercial services 53.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
5 257 1 251 6 508 ... ... 6 620 6 620
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 87

 JAMAICA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 689 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 15 068 Merchandise 118 98
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 20 720 excluding intra-EU trade 93 73
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 744 Commercial services 80 92
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 930 excluding intra-EU trade 54 67
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 98.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 113 2 1 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.044

WTO accession date 9 March 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 17, 19 January 2005 in total tax revenue 9.3
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 19
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 49.6 7.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 1
Agricultural goods (AOA) 97.1 17.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 42.4 5.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 29.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 46.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 48 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 703 10 9 25
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 8 549 13 14 32
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.1 Agricultural products 12.9
Fuels and mining products 76.1 Fuels and mining products 42.9
Manufactures 10.1 Manufactures 44.2
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 40.3 1. United States 39.4
2. European Union (27) 29.8 2. Trinidad and Tobago 17.5
3. Canada 10.6 3. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 11.6
4. Russian Federation 5.2 4. European Union (27) 6.0
5. Iceland 3.2 5. China 3.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 735 4 2 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 341 7 12 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 16.2 Transportation 47.6
Travel 72.4 Travel 11.5
Other commercial services 11.4 Other commercial services 40.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2002
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
9 34 43 287 1 208 ... 1 495

88 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 JAPAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 127 704 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 909 272 Merchandise 4 4
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 4 354 550 excluding intra-EU trade 4 4
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 156 632 Commercial services 6 4
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 12 252 excluding intra-EU trade 4 3
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 34.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 111 1 2 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 146 6 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 126 4 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 5.299

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 18, 20 February 2009 in total tax revenue 1.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 10
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 10 - 10
All goods 5.4 5.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 2
Agricultural goods (AOA) 24.0 23.6 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 2.5 2.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 3.5 6.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 13 - 15
in agricultural goods (AOA) 46.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 9-7
in non-agricultural goods 82.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 1-1
Services sectors with GATS commitments 112 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 782 047 6 10 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 762 589 9 7 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 4.87 Share in world total imports 4.64
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.1 Agricultural products 10.6
Fuels and mining products 4.8 Fuels and mining products 42.8
Manufactures 88.6 Manufactures 44.9
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 17.8 1. China 18.8
2. China 16.0 2. United States 10.4
3. European Union (27) 14.1 3. European Union (27) 9.2
4. Korea, Republic of 7.6 4. Saudi Arabia 6.7
5. Taipei, Chinese 5.9 5. Australia 6.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 146 440 10 10 15
Commercial services imports (million US$) 167 443 6 11 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.88 Share in world total imports 4.80
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 32.0 Transportation 32.2
Travel 7.4 Travel 16.7
Other commercial services 60.6 Other commercial services 51.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
145 040 19 914 164 954 79 828 10 183 5 023 95 034
a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 89

 JORDAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 906 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 20 013 Merchandise 92 75
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 31 200 excluding intra-EU trade 68 53
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 425 Commercial services 69 72
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 464 excluding intra-EU trade 44 49
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 149.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 165 6 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 186 8 1 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 179 8 7 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.071

WTO accession date 11 April 2000 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 10, 12 November 2008 in total tax revenue 12.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 13
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-2
All goods 16.3 10.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 23.7 18.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.2 9.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.1 0.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 45.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 110 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 7 785 19 10 36
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 16 942 18 18 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.8 Agricultural products 18.0
Fuels and mining products 8.6 Fuels and mining products 24.6
Manufactures 76.0 Manufactures 55.1
By main destination By main origin
1. Iraq 16.5 1. Saudi Arabia 21.6
2. India 16.5 2. European Union (27) 20.9
3. United States 13.5 3. China 10.4
4. Saudi Arabia 7.0 4. United States 4.6
5. United Arab Emirates 4.7 5. Egypt 4.3
Unspecified destinations 8.5 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 291 13 16 30
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 913 13 17 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.5 Transportation 57.0
Travel 68.6 Travel 25.7
Other commercial services 12.0 Other commercial services 17.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1997 Trademark registrations by office, 1997
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
44 ... 44 2 159 1 926 ... 4 085

90 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 KAZAKHSTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 15 675 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 132 229 Merchandise 43 57
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 177 354 excluding intra-EU trade 29 39
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 6 978 Commercial services 75 52
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 6 359 excluding intra-EU trade 50 34
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 92.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 204 9 9 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 162 6 9 1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 186 8 26 9

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 4.5
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-0
All goods - 6.0 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 13.2 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 4.9 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 8.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 46.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 71 172 30 25 49
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 37 889 29 38 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.44 Share in world total imports 0.23
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 4.5 Agricultural products 8.4
Fuels and mining products 80.9 Fuels and mining products 15.9
Manufactures 13.8 Manufactures 73.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 42.9 1. Russian Federation 36.4
2. Switzerland 15.9 2. European Union (27) 22.7
3. China 10.8 3. China 12.1
4. Russian Federation 8.7 4. Ukraine 5.6
5. Israel 3.1 5. United States 5.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 936 20 25 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 10 794 25 32 -5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.10 Share in world total imports 0.31
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 56.9 Transportation 21.9
Travel 25.7 Travel 9.5
Other commercial services 17.4 Other commercial services 68.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2003 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 251 115 1 366 ... ... 3 613 3 613

TRADE PROFILES 2009 91

 KENYA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 38 534 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 34 507 Merchandise 104 87
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 61 267 excluding intra-EU trade 80 63
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 978 Commercial services 82 106
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 442 excluding intra-EU trade 56 80
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 59.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 7 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 155 6 6 -4
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 197 9 13 8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.045

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 October 2006 in total tax revenue 8.2
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 14.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 95.7 12.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 19.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 54.1 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 36.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 69.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 40 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 972 14 17 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 11 074 17 24 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 55.8 Agricultural products 13.0
Fuels and mining products 6.8 Fuels and mining products 29.3
Manufactures 37.4 Manufactures 57.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 31.4 1. European Union (27) 27.7
2. Uganda 10.8 2. United Arab Emirates 13.1
3. Tanzania 7.5 3. India 10.3
4. United States 5.7 4. China 7.3
5. Egypt 3.9 5. South Africa 5.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 520 17 22 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 663 12 20 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 51.0 Transportation 51.7
Travel 29.9 Travel 16.0
Other commercial services 19.2 Other commercial services 32.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
7 17 24 ... ... 1 564 1 564

92 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 48 607 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 929 121 Merchandise 12 10
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 358 037 excluding intra-EU trade 7 5
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 6 349 Commercial services 16 10
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 18 249 excluding intra-EU trade 9 5
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 90.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 5 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 212 10 13 6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 187 8 12 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.589

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 8, 10 October 2008 in total tax revenue 4.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 94.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 20
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-3
All goods 17.0 12.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 31
Agricultural goods (AOA) 59.3 49.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.2 6.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.5 0.6 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 13 - 13
in agricultural goods (AOA) 1.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 9-8
in non-agricultural goods 27.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-1
Services sectors with GATS commitments 98 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 422 007 12 14 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 435 275 13 15 22
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 2.63 Share in world total imports 2.65
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.8 Agricultural products 6.1
Fuels and mining products 11.3 Fuels and mining products 40.3
Manufactures 86.5 Manufactures 53.3
By main destination By main origin
1. China 22.1 1. China 17.7
2. European Union (27) 15.1 2. Japan 15.8
3. United States 12.4 3. United States 10.5
4. Japan 7.1 4. European Union (27) 10.3
5. Hong Kong, China 5.0 5. Saudi Arabia 5.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 74 107 12 28 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 91 768 14 21 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.96 Share in world total imports 2.63
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 58.8 Transportation 40.5
Travel 12.2 Travel 18.7
Other commercial services 29.0 Other commercial services 40.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
91 645 32 060 123 705 48 266 12 095 2 809 63 170
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 93

 KUWAIT

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 728 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 112 116 Merchandise 39 67
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2006) 121 068 excluding intra-EU trade 25 45
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 64 741 Commercial services 49 48
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 40 369 excluding intra-EU trade 31 31
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 88.9
Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Real GDP (2000=100) 159 8 11 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 121 5 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 142 9 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.259

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2008)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 66.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 100.0 4.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 5.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 100.0 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 61 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 87 090 21 12 39
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 24 874 17 18 22
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.54 Share in world total imports 0.15
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.3 Agricultural products 16.6
Fuels and mining products 95.2 Fuels and mining products 4.3
Manufactures 4.5 Manufactures 76.2
By main destination By main origin
1. United Arab Emirates 0.8 1. European Union (27) 28.5
2. India 0.6 2. China 11.5
3. Saudi Arabia 0.5 3. United States 11.3
4. United States 0.4 4. Japan 8.5
5. Qatar 0.3 5. Saudi Arabia 6.0
Unspecified destinations 94.5 Unspecified origins 0.2
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 10 301 26 21 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 12 149 14 19 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.27 Share in world total imports 0.35
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 37.4 Transportation 35.3
Travel 2.5 Travel 62.3
Other commercial services 60.1 Other commercial services 2.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Refers to 2004 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2004.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

94 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 278 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 420 Merchandise 131 124
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 11 549 excluding intra-EU trade 106 98
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 631 Commercial services 116 124
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 030 excluding intra-EU trade 90 98
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 147.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 145 5 8 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 143 5 25 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 264 15 31 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 20 December 1998 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 9, 11 October 2006 in total tax revenue 16.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 34
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 9-0
All goods 7.5 4.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 13.0 7.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.7 4.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.5 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 31.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 47.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 138 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 642 16 43 45
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 072 28 41 68
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 19.8 Agricultural products 13.7
Fuels and mining products 40.2 Fuels and mining products 34.8
Manufactures 27.7 Manufactures 51.5
By main destination By main origin
1. Russian Federation 20.7 1. Russian Federation 40.5
2. Switzerland 19.9 2. China 14.7
3. Kazakhstan 18.0 3. Kazakhstan 12.9
4. Afghanistan 10.4 4. European Union (27) 9.4
5. Uzbekistan 7.6 5. Uzbekistan 5.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 884 41 86 35
Commercial services imports (million US$) 988 27 27 71
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 16.6 Transportation 49.5
Travel 58.2 Travel 30.8
Other commercial services 25.3 Other commercial services 19.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
84 ... 84 36 246 3 005 3 287
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 95

 LAO PEOPLE’S DEM. REP.

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 205 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 5 195 Merchandise 144 160
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 13 243 excluding intra-EU trade 118 134
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 107 Commercial services 149 164
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 494 excluding intra-EU trade 123 138
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 83.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 170 7 8 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 15 -21 -5 12
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 15 -21 25 6

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-1
All goods - 9.7 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 19.5 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 8.2 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 095 16 5 19
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 302 12 0 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 299 10 -3 54
Commercial services imports (million US$) 229 15 18 25
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 10.1 Transportation 76.8
Travel 77.9 Travel 3.7
Other commercial services 12.0 Other commercial services 19.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2003
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 45 675 ... 720

96 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 LATVIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 266 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 33 783 Merchandise 85 78
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 38 750 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 4 354 Commercial services 68 79
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 12 332 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 102.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 175 7 10 -5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 186 9 12 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 249 14 17 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.068

WTO accession date 10 February 1999
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009
Tariffs and duty free imports
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008
Simple average of import duties
All goods 5.5 5.6
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007)
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3
in non-agricultural goods 53.2
Services sectors with GATS commitments 121
Import duties collected
in total tax revenue ...
to total imports ...
Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
Requests for consultation 81 - 65
Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 112 24 35 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 16 090 22 33 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 27.1 Agricultural products 15.0
Fuels and mining products 7.4 Fuels and mining products 16.7
Manufactures 65.4 Manufactures 68.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 73.0 1. European Union (27) 75.9
2. Russian Federation 10.0 2. Russian Federation 10.6
3. Norway 2.6 3. Belarus 3.3
4. Belarus 2.2 4. China 2.3
5. Peru 1.6 5. Switzerland 1.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 508 19 39 24
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 169 21 37 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.12 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 51.3 Transportation 25.8
Travel 17.8 Travel 36.1
Other commercial services 30.8 Other commercial services 38.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
81 39 120 965 407 3 452 4 824
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 97

 LEBANON

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 139 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 28 660 Merchandise 108 76
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 47 891 excluding intra-EU trade 84 54
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 3 056 Commercial services 38 45
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 10 211 excluding intra-EU trade 21 28
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 166.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 8 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 251 12 7 30
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 158 6 9 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 9.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - 6.8 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 19.5 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 4.9 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 6.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 4 454 ... 27 25
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 16 754 13 27 37
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.3 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 17.6 Fuels and mining products 16.9
Manufactures 68.7 Manufactures 69.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 10.6 1. European Union (27) 28.4
2. Switzerland 8.2 2. United States 7.1
3. United Arab Emirates 5.3 3. China 5.0
4. Syrian Arab Republic 5.2 4. Egypt 4.2
5. Saudi Arabia 3.7 5. Turkey 3.0
Unspecified destinations 39.5 Unspecified origins 25.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 18 928 ... 12 46
Commercial services imports (million US$) 13 392 ... 14 34
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.50 Share in world total imports 0.38
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.6 Transportation 14.2
Travel 38.0 Travel 26.6
Other commercial services 59.4 Other commercial services 59.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Break in series for merchandise: 2001 for exports.

b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

98 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 LESOTHO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 017 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 622 Merchandise 150 148
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 202 excluding intra-EU trade 124 122
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 212 Commercial services 177 178
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 143 excluding intra-EU trade 151 152
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 149.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 135 4 5 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 223 11 4 -22
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 267 13 12 8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 38
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 78.6 7.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 200.0 9.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 60.0 7.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.6 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 80 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 900 19 16 12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 040 12 16 17
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.0 Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products 0.0 Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures 94.9 Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 68.5 1. South Africa 78.2
2. South Africa 17.6 2. Taipei, Chinese 6.3
3. European Union (27) 9.9 3. Hong Kong, China 5.7
4. Switzerland 2.8 4. China 4.0
5. Canada 0.6 5. European Union (27) 2.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 68 9 15 34
Commercial services imports (million US$) 88 12 -15 18
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 1.0 Transportation 78.5
Travel 63.0 Travel 18.5
Other commercial services 36.0 Other commercial services 3.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 ... 1 ... ... 931 931

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2004.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 99

 LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 277 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 99 926 Merchandise 50 86
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 96 675 excluding intra-EU trade 35 62
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 28 454 Commercial services 127 83
Trade per capita (US$, 2004-2006) 6 999 excluding intra-EU trade 101 58
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 101.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 7 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - 0.0 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 0.0 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 0.0 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 63 050 21 20 34
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 11 500 15 28 48
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.39 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.0 Agricultural products 19.9
Fuels and mining products 98.3 Fuels and mining products 2.0
Manufactures 1.7 Manufactures 78.1
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. European Union (27) 47.2
2. ... ... 2. Monaco 25.0
3. ... ... 3. Japan 8.3
4. ... ... 4. Korea, Republic of 7.5
5. ... ... 5. China 3.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 385 22 19 -8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 324 19 21 9
2006 2006
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 33.2 Transportation 50.9
Travel 49.4 Travel 28.7
Other commercial services 17.4 Other commercial services 20.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2004.

100 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 LITHUANIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 358 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 47 341 Merchandise 67 63
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 63 217 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 5 703 Commercial services 66 71
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 14 619 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 127.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 176 7 9 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 222 12 4 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 259 15 12 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.122

WTO accession date 31 May 2001 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 38
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 110 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) b 23 632 ... 21 38
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) b 30 923 ... 26 27
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.15 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 17.7 Agricultural products 12.3
Fuels and mining products 26.5 Fuels and mining products 30.2
Manufactures 55.8 Manufactures 57.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 60.4 1. European Union (27) 57.5
2. Russian Federation 16.0 2. Russian Federation 30.1
3. Belarus 4.5 3. China 2.5
4. Ukraine 3.3 4. United States 1.7
5. United States 3.2 5. Belarus 1.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 710 21 11 18
Commercial services imports (million US$) 4 114 26 33 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.12 Share in world total imports 0.12
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 59.5 Transportation 48.4
Travel 28.4 Travel 36.4
Other commercial services 12.1 Other commercial services 15.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
44 25 69 2 145 556 3 729 6 430
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Break in series for merchandise: 2004.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 101

 LUXEMBOURG

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 488 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 54 257 Merchandise 64 61
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 38 337 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 2 980 Commercial services 19 26
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 292 754 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 288.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 132 4 4 -1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 151 6 6 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 149 6 5 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.391

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 25 385 15 -2 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 31 592 14 4 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.16 Share in world total imports 0.19
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.3 Agricultural products 8.5
Fuels and mining products 4.6 Fuels and mining products 19.1
Manufactures 89.0 Manufactures 72.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 85.4 1. European Union (27) 89.3
2. United States 2.5 2. United States 2.4
3. Switzerland 1.3 3. Switzerland 0.9
4. China 1.3 4. Canada 0.6
5. Russian Federation 1.2 5. Hong Kong, China 0.5
Unspecified destinations 1.8 Unspecified origins 4.4
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 68 909 17 30 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 40 664 15 26 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.82 Share in world total imports 1.17
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 6.1 Transportation 4.9
Travel 6.5 Travel 9.6
Other commercial services 87.4 Other commercial services 85.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
11 35 46 ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

102 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MACAO, CHINA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 526 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 18 599 Merchandise 125 110
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 31 271 excluding intra-EU trade 100 85
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 5 863 Commercial services 40 78
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 51 629 excluding intra-EU trade 23 54
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 150.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 291 14 25 13
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 305 15 28 15
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 245 12 22 -2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.075

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 30 April, 2 May 2007 in total tax revenue 0.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 26.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 2
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-1
All goods 0.0 0.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 0.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 0.0 0.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 100.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 25 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 997 -3 -1 -21
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 5 365 11 18 0
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.1 Agricultural products 13.2
Fuels and mining products 12.2 Fuels and mining products 14.0
Manufactures 84.7 Manufactures 72.8
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 39.9 1. China 35.9
2. Hong Kong, China 19.7 2. European Union (27) 15.2
3. China 12.3 3. Hong Kong, China 9.3
4. European Union (27) 9.9 4. Macao, China 7.9
5. Taipei, Chinese 1.4 5. Japan 7.7
Unspecified destinations 9.5 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 18 081 24 37 25
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 253 19 46 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.48 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.3 Transportation 8.1
Travel 96.1 Travel 17.2
Other commercial services 1.6 Other commercial services 74.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 63 63 392 4 664 ... 5 056

TRADE PROFILES 2009 103

 MADAGASCAR

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 19 111 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 970 Merchandise 141 125
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 20 046 excluding intra-EU trade 115 99
Current account balance (million US$, 2005) - 554 Commercial services 117 117
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 256 excluding intra-EU trade 91 91
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 65.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 133 4 6 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 136 4 25 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 192 8 22 16

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 17 November 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 2, 4 April 2008 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 29.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 24
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods 27.4 12.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 30.0 14.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 25.3 12.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 38.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 2 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 340 6 26 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 040 18 46 53
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 27.8 Agricultural products 10.7
Fuels and mining products 10.5 Fuels and mining products 12.9
Manufactures 61.6 Manufactures 71.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 61.1 1. European Union (27) 21.4
2. United States 21.9 2. China 21.0
3. China 3.1 3. Bahrain 8.0
4. South Africa 1.5 4. South Africa 6.1
5. Singapore 1.4 5. United States 5.0
Unspecified destinations 3.7 Unspecified origins 1.7
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 874 14 55 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 159 14 73 55
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 29.5 Transportation 43.0
Travel 31.7 Travel 10.6
Other commercial services 38.8 Other commercial services 46.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
7 21 28 439 419 ... 858

a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

104 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MALAWI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 14 278 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 269 Merchandise 156 154
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 11 948 excluding intra-EU trade 130 128
Current account balance (million US$, 2002) - 201 Commercial services 172 159
Trade per capita (US$, 2004-2006) 126 excluding intra-EU trade 146 133
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 57.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 135 4 9 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 52 -8 -1 -5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 118 2 -4 -5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 February 2002 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 31.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 27
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 75.9 13.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 121.4 15.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 42.4 12.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 25.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 27.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 33 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 770 9 31 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 650 15 14 20
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 88.3 Agricultural products 17.2
Fuels and mining products 0.1 Fuels and mining products 13.8
Manufactures 11.5 Manufactures 69.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 45.3 1. South Africa 26.6
2. South Africa 10.1 2. Mozambique 20.3
3. United States 5.7 3. European Union (27) 10.8
4. Switzerland 4.1 4. Tanzania 5.8
5. Korea, Republic of 3.2 5. Switzerland 5.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 80 15 4 86
Commercial services imports (million US$) 222 5 5 0
2006 a 2006 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 39.8 Transportation 67.4
Travel 55.9 Travel 22.3
Other commercial services 4.3 Other commercial services 10.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2003 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 2 2 96 274 ... 370
a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2005.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 105

 MALAYSIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 26 993 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 194 927 Merchandise 21 28
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 383 709 excluding intra-EU trade 15 19
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 28 931 Commercial services 30 31
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 13 911 excluding intra-EU trade 17 19
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 205.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 6 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 145 5 4 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 152 6 5 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.202

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2001-2003)
Trade Policy Review date 16, 18 January 2006 in total tax revenue 5.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 83.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 29
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-3
All goods 25.7 8.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 12
Agricultural goods (AOA) 83.4 14.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 14.9 8.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 2.8 0.7 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 1-1
in agricultural goods (AOA) 74.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 78.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 1-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 73 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 199 516 9 10 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 156 896 8 12 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.24 Share in world total imports 0.96
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 13.9 Agricultural products 8.5
Fuels and mining products 20.0 Fuels and mining products 16.0
Manufactures 65.1 Manufactures 72.8
By main destination By main origin
1. Singapore 14.7 1. China 12.8
2. United States 12.5 2. Japan 12.5
3. European Union (27) 11.3 3. European Union (27) 11.8
4. Japan 10.8 4. Singapore 10.9
5. China 9.5 5. United States 10.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 29 336 10 30 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) 29 081 7 18 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.78 Share in world total imports 0.83
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 23.2 Transportation 38.8
Travel 47.7 Travel 21.8
Other commercial services 29.2 Other commercial services 39.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
338 6 645 6 983 8 108 17 382 ... 25 490

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

106 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MALDIVES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 310 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 260 Merchandise 165 158
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 709 excluding intra-EU trade 139 132
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 423 Commercial services 121 156
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 049 excluding intra-EU trade 95 130
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 200.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 182 8 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 138 8 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 146 10 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2008)
Trade Policy Review date 15, 17 January 2003 in total tax revenue 71.9
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 12.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.1 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 29
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 36.9 20.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 48.2 18.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 35.1 20.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 12.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 0.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 5 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 331 15 1 45
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 388 17 18 27
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 37.6 Agricultural products 19.0
Fuels and mining products 0.6 Fuels and mining products 25.4
Manufactures 0.0 Manufactures 55.5
By main destination By main origin
1. Thailand 49.0 1. Singapore 21.3
2. European Union (27) 31.0 2. United Arab Emirates 18.0
3. Sri Lanka 9.5 3. European Union (27) 11.5
4. Japan 2.9 4. India 10.4
5. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 2.9 5. Malaysia 7.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 671 9 13 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 342 15 17 29
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 4.6 Transportation 51.9
Travel 94.2 Travel 34.7
Other commercial services 1.2 Other commercial services 13.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2004 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2004.
b Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 107

 MALI

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 12 711 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 740 Merchandise 130 141
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 14 333 excluding intra-EU trade 105 115
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 581 Commercial services 141 131
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 326 excluding intra-EU trade 115 105
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 65.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 155 6 3 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 175 8 3 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 143 5 3 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 28, 30 June 2004 in total tax revenue 13.9
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 5.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 40.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 35
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 28.5 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 59.2 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 13.4 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 11.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 2 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 650 15 -2 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 550 15 20 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 20.6 Agricultural products 16.9
Fuels and mining products 2.0 Fuels and mining products 21.0
Manufactures 6.4 Manufactures 62.0
By main destination By main origin
1. South Africa 72.5 1. European Union (27) 26.1
2. Senegal 6.8 2. Senegal 17.2
3. European Union (27) 2.7 3. Côte d'Ivoire 10.4
4. Côte d'Ivoire 2.6 4. China 10.2
5. Switzerland 2.6 5. United States 6.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 359 21 15 23
Commercial services imports (million US$) 774 13 15 15
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.2 Transportation 58.7
Travel 61.5 Travel 17.7
Other commercial services 31.3 Other commercial services 23.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

108 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MALTA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 411 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 7 449 Merchandise 117 117
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 9 444 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 445 Commercial services 77 93
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 31 684 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 174.7
Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Real GDP (2000=100) 112 2 3 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.042

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 35
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 12 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 797 2 10 -9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 587 4 11 -4
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.8 Agricultural products 14.7
Fuels and mining products 1.0 Fuels and mining products 15.4
Manufactures 91.1 Manufactures 68.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 44.4 1. European Union (27) 69.7
2. Singapore 13.6 2. Singapore 5.9
3. United States 9.0 3. China 3.1
4. Hong Kong, China 6.6 4. Switzerland 2.2
5. Japan 5.7 5. United States 2.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 714 17 28 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 252 15 29 0
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.10 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.1 Transportation 13.8
Travel 25.8 Travel 19.1
Other commercial services 60.1 Other commercial services 67.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
4 313 317 333 723 ... 1 056

TRADE PROFILES 2009 109

 MAURITANIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 200 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 858 Merchandise 128 153
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 6 016 excluding intra-EU trade 103 127
Current account balance (million US$, 1998) 77 Commercial services 171 141
Trade per capita (US$, 2004-2006) 811 excluding intra-EU trade 145 115
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 119.3
Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Real GDP (2000=100) 139 5 12 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 215 12 118 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 11, 13 September 2002 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 39.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods 19.7 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 37.7 10.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.5 12.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 33.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 10.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 3 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 750 22 5 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 750 18 30 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.7 Agricultural products 26.9
Fuels and mining products 70.2 Fuels and mining products 32.9
Manufactures 0.0 Manufactures 33.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 47.5 1. European Union (27) 42.1
2. China 7.8 2. Russian Federation 11.2
3. Switzerland 7.4 3. China 4.9
4. Japan 5.4 4. Brazil 4.4
5. Russian Federation 1.3 5. Japan 3.3
Unspecified destinations 28.5 Unspecified origins 11.6
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 87 19 53 9
Commercial services imports (million US$) 406 16 46 7
2006 a 2006 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 0.0 Transportation 30.1
Travel 8.3 Travel 3.7
Other commercial services 91.7 Other commercial services 66.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by services items refer to 2002.

110 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MAURITIUS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 269 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 651 Merchandise 121 116
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 15 327 excluding intra-EU trade 96 91
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 974 Commercial services 81 101
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 826 excluding intra-EU trade 55 75
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 135.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 140 4 5 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 137 4 5 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 129 3 6 3

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.033

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2008 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 17.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 30
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 93.8 2.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 119.6 4.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 19.1 2.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 72.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 88.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 27 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 399 6 -4 7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 666 11 7 20
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 29.3 Agricultural products 23.6
Fuels and mining products 0.9 Fuels and mining products 22.6
Manufactures 58.5 Manufactures 53.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 60.5 1. India 23.9
2. United States 5.8 2. European Union (27) 22.1
3. Madagascar 5.1 3. China 11.5
4. South Africa 3.1 4. South Africa 8.1
5. United Arab Emirates 2.7 5. Japan 4.1
Unspecified destinations 13.1 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 530 11 32 15
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 910 12 19 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 17.6 Transportation 33.9
Travel 57.5 Travel 23.6
Other commercial services 24.9 Other commercial services 42.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1998 Trademark registrations by office, 1998
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 3 3 129 368 ... 497

TRADE PROFILES 2009 111

 MEXICO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 106 350 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 085 951 Merchandise 16 14
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 541 584 excluding intra-EU trade 11 8
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 15 725 Commercial services 39 33
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 643 excluding intra-EU trade 22 21
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 58.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 121 2 3 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 142 4 6 1
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 152 5 7 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.007

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 11, 13 February 2008 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 25
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 14 - 10
All goods 36.1 12.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 65
Agricultural goods (AOA) 44.2 22.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 2
Non-agricultural goods 34.9 11.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.9 0.7 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 21 - 14
in agricultural goods (AOA) 16.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 6-6
in non-agricultural goods 31.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-1
Services sectors with GATS commitments 77 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-1

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 291 729 7 9 7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 323 151 7 10 9
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.82 Share in world total imports 1.97
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.0 Agricultural products 8.4
Fuels and mining products 19.8 Fuels and mining products 12.4
Manufactures 72.8 Manufactures 77.5
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 80.3 1. United States 49.2
2. European Union (27) 5.9 2. European Union (27) 12.7
3. Canada 2.4 3. China 11.2
4. Brazil 1.2 4. Japan 5.3
5. Colombia 1.0 5. Korea, Republic of 4.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 18 474 4 7 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 24 701 5 4 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.49 Share in world total imports 0.71
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.5 Transportation 14.0
Travel 71.9 Travel 34.5
Other commercial services 15.6 Other commercial services 51.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
201 9 756 9 957 33 816 20 633 ... 54 449

112 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MOLDOVA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 633 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 6 048 Merchandise 134 115
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 10 628 excluding intra-EU trade 108 90
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 015 Commercial services 119 134
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 727 excluding intra-EU trade 93 108
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 137.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 163 6 3 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 260 13 10 12
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 301 15 13 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.016

WTO accession date 26 July 2001 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 6.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 27
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-0
All goods 7.0 4.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 13.6 11.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.0 3.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.1 1.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 26.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 72.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 147 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 591 16 28 19
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 899 26 37 33
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 37.8 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 5.2 Fuels and mining products 23.4
Manufactures 56.0 Manufactures 61.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 51.5 1. European Union (27) 43.0
2. Russian Federation 19.7 2. Ukraine 17.1
3. Ukraine 9.0 3. Russian Federation 13.6
4. Belarus 5.8 4. China 6.6
5. Kazakhstan 2.8 5. Turkey 4.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 831 23 34 32
Commercial services imports (million US$) 779 19 30 31
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 45.8 Transportation 41.7
Travel 24.4 Travel 35.2
Other commercial services 29.9 Other commercial services 23.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
262 6 268 792 467 4 071 5 330

TRADE PROFILES 2009 113

 MONGOLIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 632 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 5 259 Merchandise 120 129
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 9 388 excluding intra-EU trade 95 103
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) 222 Commercial services 122 137
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 554 excluding intra-EU trade 96 111
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 128.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 178 7 10 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 29 January 1997 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 15, 17 March 2005 in total tax revenue 7.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 22
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods 17.6 5.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 18.9 5.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 17.3 5.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 1.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 37 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 539 21 22 34
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 616 25 43 71
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 9.9 Agricultural products 12.1
Fuels and mining products 63.6 Fuels and mining products 26.2
Manufactures 2.2 Manufactures 60.9
By main destination By main origin
1. China 74.2 1. Russian Federation 34.3
2. Canada 9.5 2. China 31.1
3. European Union (27) 5.6 3. European Union (27) 9.2
4. United States 3.4 4. Korea, Republic of 5.6
5. Russian Federation 3.0 5. Japan 5.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 571 34 18 18
Commercial services imports (million US$) 631 22 10 23
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 38.3 Transportation 50.2
Travel 53.7 Travel 33.9
Other commercial services 8.0 Other commercial services 15.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
91 83 174 ... ... 1 711 1 711
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

114 TRADE PROFILES 2007

 MONTENEGRO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 622 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 521 Merchandise 155 140
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 8 682 excluding intra-EU trade 129 114
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 108 147
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 7 325 excluding intra-EU trade 82 121
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 123.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 11 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 148 5 10 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 148 5 10 8

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - 4.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 11.1 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 4.0 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 1.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 784 ... 11 -13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 918 ... 48 5
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.0 Agricultural products 17.8
Fuels and mining products 41.8 Fuels and mining products 24.1
Manufactures 41.5 Manufactures 47.7
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 104 ... 76 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 514 ... 16 61
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.2 Transportation 29.0
Travel 68.8 Travel 6.9
Other commercial services 13.0 Other commercial services 64.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 3 849 3 849
a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2007 115

 MOROCCO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 31 229 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 86 329 Merchandise 70 52
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 137 048 excluding intra-EU trade 48 34
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 4 713 Commercial services 45 65
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 991 excluding intra-EU trade 27 45
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 81.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 149 5 3 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 179 8 5 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 183 8 15 6

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.163

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 24, 26 June 2009 in total tax revenue 9.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 5.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 36
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-1
All goods 41.3 21.4 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 54.5 42.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 39.2 18.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 1.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 45 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 20 145 13 20 31
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 41 752 17 33 30
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.13 Share in world total imports 0.25
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 16.3 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 18.6 Fuels and mining products 26.7
Manufactures 58.9 Manufactures 56.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 72.4 1. European Union (27) 51.9
2. India 3.8 2. United States 6.1
3. Brazil 3.2 3. China 5.9
4. United States 2.4 4. Saudi Arabia 5.5
5. Russian Federation 1.3 5. Russian Federation 5.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 12 374 20 24 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 5 482 17 27 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.33 Share in world total imports 0.16
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.3 Transportation 49.5
Travel 58.2 Travel 19.9
Other commercial services 23.5 Other commercial services 30.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
128 571 699 ... ... 4 192 4 192

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

116 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 MOZAMBIQUE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 21 781 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 9 735 Merchandise 119 128
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 18 630 excluding intra-EU trade 94 102
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 975 Commercial services 134 130
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 313 excluding intra-EU trade 108 104
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 80.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 187 8 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 305 15 -8 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 132 4 -2 11

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.020

WTO accession date 26 August 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 13.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 39
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 97.5 10.1 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 100.0 13.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.6 9.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 11.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 12.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 17 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 653 28 1 10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 804 16 6 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.5 Agricultural products 16.2
Fuels and mining products 78.4 Fuels and mining products 22.5
Manufactures 4.5 Manufactures 52.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 62.6 1. South Africa 29.1
2. South Africa 10.0 2. European Union (27) 27.4
3. Zimbabwe 3.1 3. Bahrain 6.7
4. China 1.9 4. United States 4.0
5. Malawi 1.8 5. China 3.9
Unspecified destinations 12.1 Unspecified origins 2.6
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 488 5 14 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 901 9 12 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 32.3 Transportation 40.0
Travel 38.9 Travel 23.1
Other commercial services 28.8 Other commercial services 36.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 1 155 1 155

TRADE PROFILES 2009 117

 MYANMAR

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 49 190 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2007) 19 618 Merchandise 95 122
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2007) 63 854 excluding intra-EU trade 71 96
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) 802 Commercial services 146 136
Trade per capita (US$, 2004-2006) 136 excluding intra-EU trade 120 110
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 52.8
Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Real GDP (2000=100) 184 11 11 11
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.028

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 17.4 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 24
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 83.3 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 102.5 8.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 21.1 5.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.1 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 5 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 6 937 20 38 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 288 8 29 29
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 34.1 Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products 51.6 Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures 14.2 Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 256 -9 2 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 547 10 9 13
2006 2006
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 50.8 Transportation 46.5
Travel 18.1 Travel 6.8
Other commercial services 31.2 Other commercial services 46.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

118 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 NAMIBIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 114 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 564 Merchandise 116 126
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 13 409 excluding intra-EU trade 92 100
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 747 Commercial services 129 140
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 316 excluding intra-EU trade 103 114
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 81.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 146 5 4 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 79 -3 1 -47
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 89 -1 24 -49

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.021

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 19.2 7.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 41.2 9.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.7 7.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 26.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 48.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 3 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 804 10 10 -4
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 020 13 22 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 38.4 Agricultural products 17.1
Fuels and mining products 39.3 Fuels and mining products 17.0
Manufactures 22.2 Manufactures 65.8
By main destination By main origin
1. South Africa 31.8 1. South Africa 67.8
2. European Union (27) 28.8 2. European Union (27) 15.8
3. Angola 8.6 3. India 3.5
4. Canada 7.1 4. China 3.3
5. United States 5.5 5. United States 2.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 528 12 15 -9
Commercial services imports (million US$) 592 8 20 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 19.8 Transportation 41.7
Travel 72.5 Travel 19.3
Other commercial services 7.7 Other commercial services 39.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 1 116 1 116

TRADE PROFILES 2009 119

 NEPAL

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 28 582 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 12 615 Merchandise 146 130
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 31 791 excluding intra-EU trade 120 104
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 733 Commercial services 132 133
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 175 excluding intra-EU trade 106 107
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 46.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 133 4 3 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.016

WTO accession date 23 April 2004 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2008)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 23.9
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.4 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 30
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 26.0 12.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 41.5 14.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 23.7 12.4 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 77 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 050 3 6 18
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 600 11 17 24
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 28.0 Agricultural products 15.7
Fuels and mining products 0.0 Fuels and mining products 22.2
Manufactures 72.0 Manufactures 61.9
By main destination By main origin
1. India 52.4 1. India 53.0
2. United States 29.1 2. China 8.4
3. European Union (27) 9.6 3. European Union (27) 6.4
4. China 3.4 4. Singapore 6.3
5. Bangladesh 0.9 5. Malaysia 3.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 494 2 35 46
Commercial services imports (million US$) 840 20 47 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.5 Transportation 39.5
Travel 67.7 Travel 45.3
Other commercial services 26.8 Other commercial services 15.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1995 Trademark registrations by office, 1995
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 ... 1 381 616 ... 997

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2003.

120 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 NETHERLANDS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 16 443 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 860 336 Merchandise 5 7
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 671 693 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 65 391 Commercial services 10 11
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 63 889 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 136.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 3 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 136 4 6 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 133 4 6 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 3.286

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 633 006 13 19 15
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 573 188 13 18 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.94 Share in world total imports 3.49
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 16.0 Agricultural products 11.7
Fuels and mining products 21.4 Fuels and mining products 24.5
Manufactures 61.7 Manufactures 63.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 76.2 1. European Union (27) 55.0
2. United States 4.5 2. United States 8.1
3. Russian Federation 1.8 3. China 7.4
4. Switzerland 1.3 4. Russian Federation 3.9
5. China 1.0 5. Japan 2.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 101 613 10 14 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 90 833 8 12 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.69 Share in world total imports 2.60
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.0 Transportation 24.2
Travel 13.1 Travel 24.0
Other commercial services 56.9 Other commercial services 51.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 795 524 2 319 ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 121

 NEW ZEALAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 269 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 130 693 Merchandise 63 60
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 115 378 excluding intra-EU trade 45 40
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 11 317 Commercial services 54 53
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 17 312 excluding intra-EU trade 35 35
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 58.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 124 3 3 -2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 121 3 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 145 6 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.250

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 10, 12 June 2009 in total tax revenue 2.3
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.6
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 11
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-5
All goods 10.0 2.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 13
Agricultural goods (AOA) 5.7 1.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 10.6 2.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.9 0.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 7-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 47.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 3-0
in non-agricultural goods 66.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 2-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 90 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 30 578 11 20 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 34 367 12 17 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.19 Share in world total imports 0.21
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 58.5 Agricultural products 9.9
Fuels and mining products 11.2 Fuels and mining products 21.1
Manufactures 25.3 Manufactures 68.0
By main destination By main origin
1. Australia 23.3 1. Australia 18.0
2. European Union (27) 12.8 2. European Union (27) 15.7
3. United States 10.2 3. China 13.3
4. Japan 8.4 4. United States 9.5
5. China 5.9 5. Japan 8.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 8 842 9 14 -3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 9 473 10 16 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.23 Share in world total imports 0.27
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 22.2 Transportation 33.6
Travel 56.9 Travel 31.6
Other commercial services 20.9 Other commercial services 34.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
491 3 101 3 592 2 544 2 718 ... 5 262
a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

122 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 NICARAGUA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 678 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 6 592 Merchandise 136 121
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 15 229 excluding intra-EU trade 110 95
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 475 Commercial services 145 142
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 309 excluding intra-EU trade 119 116
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 124.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 130 3 4 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 183 8 10 4
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 164 6 16 11

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.021

WTO accession date 3 September 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2000-2001)
Trade Policy Review date 24, 26 July 2006 in total tax revenue 10.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 21
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-3
All goods 41.7 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 43.5 11.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 41.5 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 1-2
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 60.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 49 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 489 11 17 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 338 12 19 21
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 81.1 Agricultural products 17.3
Fuels and mining products 3.0 Fuels and mining products 23.4
Manufactures 10.1 Manufactures 58.1
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 31.2 1. United States 23.0
2. El Salvador 14.1 2. Mexico 13.1
3. European Union (27) 14.0 3. Costa Rica 8.6
4. Honduras 9.3 4. China 7.9
5. Costa Rica 7.3 5. Guatemala 6.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 357 8 9 7
Commercial services imports (million US$) 572 7 16 9
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.6 Transportation 54.0
Travel 77.3 Travel 24.7
Other commercial services 10.1 Other commercial services 21.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 2000
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
7 129 136 404 2 490 ... 2 894
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 123

 NIGER

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 14 669 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 5 354 Merchandise 152 157
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 10 033 excluding intra-EU trade 126 131
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 351 Commercial services 175 150
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 129 excluding intra-EU trade 149 124
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 47.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 147 5 3 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 13 December 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 September 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 34
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 44.3 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 83.2 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 38.1 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 12.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 7 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 880 15 36 24
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 400 17 12 32
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 15.5 Agricultural products 25.6
Fuels and mining products 37.4 Fuels and mining products 16.1
Manufactures 5.8 Manufactures 44.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 38.9 1. European Union (27) 31.5
2. United States 17.6 2. China 12.6
3. Nigeria 11.8 3. United States 7.7
4. Japan 9.9 4. Côte d'Ivoire 5.0
5. Switzerland 4.3 5. Nigeria 4.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 79 12 -1 -5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 369 17 18 13
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.8 Transportation 74.3
Travel 52.0 Travel 8.0
Other commercial services 33.2 Other commercial services 17.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

124 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 NIGERIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 151 319 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 212 080 Merchandise 41 53
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 315 030 excluding intra-EU trade 27 35
Current account balance (million US$, 2004) 16 840 Commercial services 60 43
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 718 excluding intra-EU trade 38 26
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 73.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 160 6 6 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.236

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 11, 13 May 2005 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 19.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 11
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 118.4 12.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 150.0 15.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 48.5 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 25.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 32 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 80 750 18 12 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 41 700 22 35 41
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.50 Share in world total imports 0.25
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 2.2 Agricultural products 25.2
Fuels and mining products 92.3 Fuels and mining products 5.0
Manufactures 5.5 Manufactures 68.5
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 42.5 1. European Union (27) 29.1
2. European Union (27) 21.4 2. China 15.2
3. India 9.6 3. United States 8.2
4. Brazil 6.5 4. Belize 7.1
5. South Africa 3.2 5. India 3.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) a 5 788 ... 29 55
Commercial services imports (million US$) a 13 902 ... 35 66
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.17 Share in world total imports 0.45
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 68.5 Transportation 41.3
Travel 0.6 Travel 14.3
Other commercial services 30.9 Other commercial services 44.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Break in series for commercial services: 2005.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 125

 NORWAY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 769 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 449 996 Merchandise 28 37
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 277 275 excluding intra-EU trade 20 23
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 88 341 Commercial services 25 23
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 63 139 excluding intra-EU trade 13 14
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 75.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 121 2 4 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 110 1 3 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 145 5 9 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.865

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 October 2008 in total tax revenue 0.2
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 19 - 6
All goods 20.8 8.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 136.3 59.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 3.2 0.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 10.6 8.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 3-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 55.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-0
in non-agricultural goods 96.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 111 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 172 517 14 12 27
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 89 293 13 25 11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.07 Share in world total imports 0.54
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.1 Agricultural products 9.4
Fuels and mining products 75.6 Fuels and mining products 13.8
Manufactures 17.8 Manufactures 76.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 83.4 1. European Union (27) 68.1
2. United States 4.4 2. China 6.5
3. Canada 2.3 3. United States 5.5
4. China 1.2 4. Canada 2.8
5. Korea, Republic of 1.0 5. Russian Federation 2.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 45 595 13 22 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 43 928 15 25 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.21 Share in world total imports 1.26
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 47.4 Transportation 33.0
Travel 10.2 Travel 36.3
Other commercial services 42.4 Other commercial services 30.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
429 1 345 1 774 ... ... 8 085 8 085
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

126 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 OMAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 785 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2006) 35 729 Merchandise 57 71
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2006) 56 593 excluding intra-EU trade 40 49
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 5 523 Commercial services 90 64
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 18 180 excluding intra-EU trade 64 44
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 101.3
Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Real GDP (2000=100) 135 5 6 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 139 9 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 169 14 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.122

WTO accession date 9 November 2000 Import duties collected (%, 2000-2001)
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 June 2008 in total tax revenue 9.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 13
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 13.8 5.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 28.0 12.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 11.6 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 35.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 6.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 98 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 37 719 16 14 53
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 22 990 21 45 43
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.23 Share in world total imports 0.14
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 2.6 Agricultural products 11.4
Fuels and mining products 78.7 Fuels and mining products 7.1
Manufactures 8.2 Manufactures 79.2
By main destination By main origin
1. China 29.3 1. United Arab Emirates 27.2
2. United Arab Emirates 10.9 2. European Union (27) 17.1
3. Japan 10.6 3. Japan 15.6
4. Korea, Republic of 9.6 4. United States 5.7
5. Thailand 6.8 5. China 4.6
Unspecified destinations 14.7 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) b 1 974 ... 24 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 6 122 17 25 26
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.18
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 23.7 Transportation 41.5
Travel 40.7 Travel 14.0
Other commercial services 35.6 Other commercial services 44.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 118 118
a Refers to 2004 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2004.
b Break in series for commercial services: 2005 for exports.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 127

 PAKISTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 166 037 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 168 276 Merchandise 69 51
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 439 036 excluding intra-EU trade 47 33
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 15 679 Commercial services 85 55
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 374 excluding intra-EU trade 59 36
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 41.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 152 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 175 7 2 -9
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 170 7 -3 -2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.176

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2003-2005)
Trade Policy Review date 16, 18 January 2008 in total tax revenue 15.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 7.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 98.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 30
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 8-1
All goods 59.9 13.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 26
Agricultural goods (AOA) 95.6 15.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 54.6 13.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 3-2
in agricultural goods (AOA) 44.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 2-0
in non-agricultural goods 33.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 45 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 20 323 11 5 14
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 42 326 19 9 30
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.13 Share in world total imports 0.26
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 19.2 Agricultural products 16.8
Fuels and mining products 7.3 Fuels and mining products 36.3
Manufactures 73.2 Manufactures 46.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 25.7 1. Saudi Arabia 14.1
2. United States 18.0 2. European Union (27) 13.6
3. United Arab Emirates 9.9 3. China 11.2
4. Afghanistan 7.1 4. United Arab Emirates 8.9
5. China 3.6 5. Kuwait 8.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 314 8 -1 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) a 8 985 ... 4 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.26
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 47.8 Transportation 43.5
Travel 10.5 Travel 16.9
Other commercial services 41.6 Other commercial services 39.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... 299 ... ... ... 4 585
a Break in series for commercial services: 2004 for imports.

128 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 PANAMA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 395 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 23 088 Merchandise 142 96
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 42 446 excluding intra-EU trade 116 71
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 792 Commercial services 62 86
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 8 642 excluding intra-EU trade 40 61
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 145.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 163 6 12 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 148 6 15 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 151 6 19 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.087

WTO accession date 6 September 1997 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 17, 19 September 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-5
All goods 23.5 7.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 27.7 13.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 22.9 6.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 5-1
in agricultural goods (AOA) 32.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 39.6 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 70 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 180 4 6 1
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 9 050 13 42 32
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 81.3 Agricultural products 11.1
Fuels and mining products 5.4 Fuels and mining products 21.8
Manufactures 8.5 Manufactures 66.7
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 39.2 1. United States 29.7
2. European Union (27) 31.6 2. European Union (27) 6.5
3. Costa Rica 5.8 3. Costa Rica 5.1
4. China 4.3 4. China 5.0
5. Taipei, Chinese 4.1 5. Japan 4.3
Unspecified destinations 1.7 Unspecified origins 24.8
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 5 794 14 25 19
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 532 11 23 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.15 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 53.7 Transportation 60.3
Travel 24.3 Travel 14.4
Other commercial services 22.0 Other commercial services 25.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 1996
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 15 15 1 798 2 840 ... 4 638
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 129

 PAPUA NEW GUINEA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 449 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 8 168 Merchandise 99 131
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 14 241 excluding intra-EU trade 75 105
Current account balance (million US$, 2005) 640 Commercial services 148 104
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 486 excluding intra-EU trade 122 78
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 140.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 125 3 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 66 -5 -13 -29
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 137 4 -1 0

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.021

WTO accession date 9 June 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 15, 17 November 1999 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 44
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 32.1 4.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 45.1 13.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 30.1 3.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.9 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2004) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 85.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 94.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 27 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 721 13 12 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 480 15 32 16
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 23.6 Agricultural products 16.2
Fuels and mining products 43.8 Fuels and mining products 16.2
Manufactures 4.1 Manufactures 60.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 10.7 1. Australia 58.7
2. Australia 10.5 2. United States 7.6
3. China 4.0 3. Singapore 7.2
4. Japan 3.8 4. Japan 5.3
5. United States 2.7 5. China 3.2
Unspecified destinations 55.8 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 342 4 14 1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 714 10 23 -5
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 10.9 Transportation 24.2
Travel 1.3 Travel 4.8
Other commercial services 87.8 Other commercial services 71.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2000
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 27 531 ... 558

a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2004. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2005.

130 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 PARAGUAY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 227 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 15 977 Merchandise 109 91
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 29 323 excluding intra-EU trade 85 66
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 345 Commercial services 110 144
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 259 excluding intra-EU trade 84 118
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 110.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 134 4 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 179 8 10 15
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 172 7 11 26

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.034

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 27, 29 April 2005 in total tax revenue 13.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 12
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 33.4 11.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 33.2 10.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 33.5 11.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 25.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 45.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 9 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 4 434 23 46 59
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 10 200 21 22 42
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 90.5 Agricultural products 6.2
Fuels and mining products 0.7 Fuels and mining products 14.3
Manufactures 7.8 Manufactures 67.4
By main destination By main origin
1. Uruguay 17.7 1. China 27.5
2. Argentina 16.2 2. Brazil 26.6
3. Brazil 14.0 3. Argentina 14.4
4. Chile 8.4 4. European Union (27) 5.4
5. European Union (27) 8.4 5. Japan 5.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 999 7 22 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 563 5 20 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 20.4 Transportation 66.0
Travel 11.0 Travel 22.1
Other commercial services 68.7 Other commercial services 11.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 131

 PERU

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 28 837 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 127 434 Merchandise 61 65
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 245 315 excluding intra-EU trade 43 43
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 4 180 Commercial services 78 66
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 968 excluding intra-EU trade 52 46
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 51.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 158 6 9 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 191 8 6 10
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 227 11 21 24

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.136

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 17, 19 October 2007 in total tax revenue 4.9
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.6
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 25
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 7-3
All goods 30.1 6.1 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 33
Agricultural goods (AOA) 30.8 10.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 0
Non-agricultural goods 30.0 5.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 2-4
in agricultural goods (AOA) 1.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 22.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 49 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 31 529 21 17 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 29 981 19 34 46
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.20 Share in world total imports 0.18
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 16.9 Agricultural products 12.0
Fuels and mining products 52.1 Fuels and mining products 19.6
Manufactures 13.2 Manufactures 65.3
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 18.6 1. ... ...
2. European Union (27) 17.6 2. ... ...
3. China 12.0 3. ... ...
4. Switzerland 10.9 4. ... ...
5. Canada 6.3 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 502 12 27 9
Commercial services imports (million US$) 5 425 12 25 31
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.09 Share in world total imports 0.16
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 23.4 Transportation 46.5
Travel 56.8 Travel 19.7
Other commercial services 19.8 Other commercial services 33.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
15 312 327 8 902 6 669 ... 15 571

132 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 PHILIPPINES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 90 348 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 166 909 Merchandise 56 46
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 317 110 excluding intra-EU trade 39 28
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 4 227 Commercial services 51 57
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 370 excluding intra-EU trade 32 38
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 85.1
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 146 5 7 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 149 5 5 -2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 131 3 -4 2

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.439

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 July 2005 in total tax revenue 22.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 6.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 66.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 5-2
All goods 25.6 6.3 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 34.7 9.7 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 23.4 5.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 4
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 5-5
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 34.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 51 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 49 025 3 6 -3
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 60 290 ... 7 4
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.31 Share in world total imports 0.37
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.1 Agricultural products 11.5
Fuels and mining products 8.5 Fuels and mining products 23.4
Manufactures 82.7 Manufactures 64.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 17.4 1. United States 12.8
2. United States 16.7 2. Japan 11.8
3. Japan 15.7 3. Singapore 10.3
4. China 11.1 4. Saudi Arabia 8.5
5. Hong Kong, China 10.2 5. European Union (27) 7.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 10 194 15 52 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) 8 547 6 19 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.27 Share in world total imports 0.24
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 13.4 Transportation 49.8
Travel 43.0 Travel 25.9
Other commercial services 43.5 Other commercial services 24.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
38 1 015 1 053 5 226 8 070 ... 13 296
a Break in series for merchandise: 2002 for imports.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 133

 POLAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 38 123 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 526 966 Merchandise 29 19
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 671 927 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 29 029 Commercial services 26 30
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 9 496 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 84.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 138 4 7 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 209 10 9 11
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 192 8 15 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.905

WTO accession date 1 July 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 84 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 34 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 61 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 168 042 23 27 20
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 204 279 20 30 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.05 Share in world total imports 1.24
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.6 Agricultural products 8.1
Fuels and mining products 8.3 Fuels and mining products 14.9
Manufactures 81.0 Manufactures 74.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 77.9 1. European Union (27) 62.0
2. Russian Federation 5.2 2. Russian Federation 9.8
3. Ukraine 3.7 3. China 8.0
4. Norway 1.7 4. Korea, Republic of 2.5
5. United States 1.4 5. United States 2.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 35 309 17 40 23
Commercial services imports (million US$) a 29 925 ... 22 26
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.93 Share in world total imports 0.86
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.7 Transportation 23.6
Travel 33.3 Travel 32.1
Other commercial services 35.9 Other commercial services 44.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 575 1 959 3 534 14 033 1 687 4 979 20 699
a Break in series for commercial services: 2004 for imports.

134 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 PORTUGAL

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 10 625 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 242 689 Merchandise 54 36
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 245 150 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 29 599 Commercial services 32 40
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 15 407 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 74.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 108 1 2 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 134 4 7 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 121 3 6 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.518

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 55 833 11 19 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 89 975 11 17 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.35 Share in world total imports 0.55
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 12.3 Agricultural products 14.1
Fuels and mining products 9.1 Fuels and mining products 19.9
Manufactures 74.5 Manufactures 64.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 68.6 1. European Union (27) 69.2
2. Angola 6.0 2. Nigeria 2.8
3. United States 3.3 3. Brazil 2.2
4. Singapore 2.3 4. China 2.2
5. Malaysia 1.0 5. United States 1.7
Unspecified destinations 2.9 Unspecified origins 0.4
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 26 135 14 27 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 16 497 12 19 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.69 Share in world total imports 0.47
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 26.9 Transportation 31.0
Travel 42.0 Travel 26.2
Other commercial services 31.1 Other commercial services 42.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
145 42 187 15 741 1 437 3 896 21 074
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 135

 QATAR

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 281 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2006) 52 722 Merchandise 49 66
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2005) 56 303 excluding intra-EU trade 34 44
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 67 58
Trade per capita (US$, 2004-2006) 47 127 excluding intra-EU trade 43 39
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 99.6
Annual percentage change
2005 2000-2005 2004 2005
Real GDP (2000=100) 147 8 21 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.157

WTO accession date 13 January 1996 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 21, 23 February 2005 in total tax revenue 5.3
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 3.9
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 28
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 16.0 5.1 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 25.8 8.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 14.5 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 31.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 7.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 46 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 63 830 24 23 52
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 26 850 30 34 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.40 Share in world total imports 0.16
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.0 Agricultural products 6.8
Fuels and mining products 94.8 Fuels and mining products 3.6
Manufactures 5.1 Manufactures 89.6
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 34.3 1. European Union (27) 33.4
2. Korea, Republic of 21.8 2. Japan 9.6
3. Singapore 11.7 3. United States 9.0
4. European Union (27) 5.7 4. China 7.2
5. India 5.2 5. United Arab Emirates 6.6
Unspecified destinations 9.0 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 489 48 57 36
Commercial services imports (million US$) 5 680 37 118 56
2006 2006
Share in world total exports 0.12 Share in world total imports 0.22
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 72.7 Transportation 26.1
Travel 25.0 Travel 66.0
Other commercial services 2.2 Other commercial services 7.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

136 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ROMANIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 21 513 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 200 071 Merchandise 55 40
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 302 566 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 24 685 Commercial services 44 50
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 692 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 75.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 165 6 6 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 238 11 12 15
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 251 12 12 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.285

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 38
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 67
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 58 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 49 393 21 25 22
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 82 725 26 37 18
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.31 Share in world total imports 0.50
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.0 Agricultural products 8.4
Fuels and mining products 13.8 Fuels and mining products 15.5
Manufactures 77.9 Manufactures 75.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 70.5 1. European Union (27) 69.2
2. Turkey 6.6 2. Russian Federation 6.0
3. Ukraine 2.5 3. Turkey 4.9
4. Russian Federation 1.8 4. Kazakhstan 4.6
5. United States 1.7 5. China 4.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 12 819 29 35 36
Commercial services imports (million US$) 11 520 25 27 32
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.34 Share in world total imports 0.33
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.7 Transportation 34.1
Travel 15.5 Travel 18.9
Other commercial services 53.8 Other commercial services 47.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
532 152 684 5 849 2 004 4 775 12 628

TRADE PROFILES 2009 137

 RUSSIAN FEDERATION

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 141 800 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 607 816 Merchandise 9 17
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 288 446 excluding intra-EU trade 5 11
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 102 401 Commercial services 22 16
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 939 excluding intra-EU trade 11 9
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 54.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 168 7 8 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 186 8 6 6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 427 20 27 19

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2002-2004)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 5.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 5.2
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 7-0
All goods - 10.8 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 14.2 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 10.2 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 11.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 6.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 24.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 471 603 21 17 33
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 291 861 26 36 31
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.93 Share in world total imports 1.78
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 5.3 Agricultural products 11.7
Fuels and mining products 73.1 Fuels and mining products 4.2
Manufactures 20.0 Manufactures 82.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 56.8 1. European Union (27) 43.5
2. Turkey 5.9 2. China 13.0
3. Belarus 5.1 3. Japan 7.0
4. Ukraine 5.0 4. Ukraine 6.1
5. China 4.5 5. United States 5.2

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 50 694 23 27 30
Commercial services imports (million US$) 74 572 21 32 29
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.34 Share in world total imports 2.14
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 29.6 Transportation 17.4
Travel 23.6 Travel 33.4
Other commercial services 46.8 Other commercial services 49.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
18 431 4 597 23 028 14 993 6 194 12 117 33 304

138 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 RWANDA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 721 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 4 457 Merchandise 169 164
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 9 934 excluding intra-EU trade 142 138
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 147 Commercial services 166 163
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 104 excluding intra-EU trade 140 137
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 33.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 175 7 8 11
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 22 May 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 28, 30 September 2004 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 40
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 89.5 18.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 74.3 15.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 91.8 19.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 22.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 6 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 250 22 20 41
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 139 23 35 54
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 34.9 Agricultural products 12.5
Fuels and mining products 55.4 Fuels and mining products 9.4
Manufactures 9.4 Manufactures 78.1
By main destination By main origin
1. Kenya 31.9 1. European Union (27) 22.9
2. European Union (27) 23.4 2. Kenya 16.0
3. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 12.7 3. Uganda 14.5
4. Hong Kong, China 6.5 4. United Arab Emirates 8.4
5. Swaziland 5.1 5. China 8.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 126 17 -11 69
Commercial services imports (million US$) 259 13 21 21
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 28.5 Transportation 33.2
Travel 51.8 Travel 26.7
Other commercial services 19.7 Other commercial services 40.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1999 Trademark registrations by office, 1999
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 4 4 5 104 ... 109

TRADE PROFILES 2009 139

 SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 49 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 540 Merchandise 189 190
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 795 excluding intra-EU trade 163 164
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 135 Commercial services 160 175
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 11 564 excluding intra-EU trade 134 149
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 109.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 141 4 4 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 21 February 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 97.9 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 47
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 75.9 9.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 108.6 13.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 70.8 8.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 9.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 8.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 8 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 38 2 -2 -3
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 285 5 9 5
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.0 Agricultural products 20.5
Fuels and mining products 0.2 Fuels and mining products 9.2
Manufactures 91.8 Manufactures 70.3
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 86.6 1. United States 58.8
2. European Union (27) 3.4 2. Trinidad and Tobago 10.8
3. Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 3. European Union (27) 8.6
4. Netherlands Antilles 1.6 4. Japan 3.7
5. Dominica 1.2 5. Canada 3.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 160 7 -8 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 118 6 13 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.6 Transportation 43.2
Travel 68.3 Travel 13.3
Other commercial services 19.1 Other commercial services 43.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2006 and by destination/origin refer to 2007.

140 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SAINT LUCIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 170 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 011 Merchandise 176 177
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 684 excluding intra-EU trade 150 151
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 320 Commercial services 143 167
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 6 917 excluding intra-EU trade 117 141
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 121.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 122 3 1 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 35
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 61.9 8.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 114.6 14.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 53.9 8.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 28.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 52.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 8 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 164 18 15 52
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 656 8 4 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 28.8 Agricultural products 22.6
Fuels and mining products 22.0 Fuels and mining products 26.5
Manufactures 48.2 Manufactures 50.7
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 34.0 1. United States 42.6
2. Trinidad and Tobago 23.2 2. Trinidad and Tobago 23.8
3. European Union (27) 17.0 3. European Union (27) 8.4
4. Barbados 8.5 4. Japan 4.3
5. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3.0 5. Barbados 3.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 362 1 4 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 181 5 4 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 6.2 Transportation 48.1
Travel 85.7 Travel 24.3
Other commercial services 8.0 Other commercial services 27.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2001
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 34 34 42 497 ... 539

TRADE PROFILES 2009 141

 SAINT VINCENT AND
THE GRENADINES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 109 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 594 Merchandise 185 183
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 999 excluding intra-EU trade 159 157
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 149 Commercial services 158 180
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 321 excluding intra-EU trade 132 154
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 105.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 142 4 8 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 93 -3 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 110 3 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 November 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 46
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 62.5 9.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 114.5 15.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 54.5 8.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 21.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 9.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 8 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 52 1 25 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 373 11 20 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 64.3 Agricultural products 26.2
Fuels and mining products 2.5 Fuels and mining products 16.0
Manufactures 33.1 Manufactures 57.1
By main destination By main origin
1. Grenada 18.2 1. United States 37.0
2. Trinidad and Tobago 17.4 2. Trinidad and Tobago 21.7
3. Saint Lucia 14.7 3. European Union (27) 14.5
4. Barbados 10.7 4. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 3.3
5. European Union (27) 9.6 5. Japan 2.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 178 4 6 -1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 95 8 12 5
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.4 Transportation 48.4
Travel 65.0 Travel 17.9
Other commercial services 27.6 Other commercial services 33.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 1996
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 2 2 ... 124 ... 124

a Refers to 2003 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2003.

142 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SAMOA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 182 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 523 Merchandise 201 191
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 814 excluding intra-EU trade 175 165
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 36 Commercial services 162 184
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 2 255 excluding intra-EU trade 136 158
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 85.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 134 4 6 -3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 113 6 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 153 24 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - ... Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - ... Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - ... Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 11 -3 45 -27
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 249 11 4 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.5 Agricultural products 27.3
Fuels and mining products 0.3 Fuels and mining products 24.6
Manufactures 83.6 Manufactures 31.7
By main destination By main origin
1. Australia 81.7 1. Australia 25.6
2. New Zealand 10.2 2. New Zealand 22.8
3. American Samoa 3.6 3. United States 12.5
4. United States 1.9 4. China 7.4
5. Japan 0.6 5. Singapore 7.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 138 ... 18 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) 55 ... 2 -1
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 5.3 Transportation 53.3
Travel 77.1 Travel 9.4
Other commercial services 17.6 Other commercial services 37.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 11 11 21 122 ... 143

a Refers to 2002 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2002.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 143

 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 161 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 175 Merchandise 202 200
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 280 excluding intra-EU trade 176 174
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 67 Commercial services 189 190
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 534 excluding intra-EU trade 163 164
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 64.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods - ... Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - ... Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - ... Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 11 17 -12 56
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 114 18 12 44
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 62.2 Agricultural products 32.0
Fuels and mining products 29.9 Fuels and mining products 27.7
Manufactures 6.8 Manufactures 40.1
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 49.3 1. European Union (27) 64.0
2. Angola 47.0 2. Angola 22.9
3. Bahamas 1.6 3. Gabon 3.0
4. Gabon 1.0 4. Nigeria 2.2
5. Sri Lanka 0.2 5. Thailand 1.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 -15 -8 -50
Commercial services imports (million US$) 15 10 62 -3
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 1.6 Transportation 89.4
Travel 82.6 Travel 0.7
Other commercial services 15.8 Other commercial services 9.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

144 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SAUDI ARABIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 24 646 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 467 601 Merchandise 15 31
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 589 531 excluding intra-EU trade 10 21
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 95 080 Commercial services 55 28
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 12 879 excluding intra-EU trade 36 17
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 86.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 134 4 3 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 110 3 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 107 2 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.927

WTO accession date 11 December 2005 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 11
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 11.8 5.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 20.7 7.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.5 4.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.2 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 50.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 15.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 120 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 313 440 19 11 33
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 115 147 18 29 28
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 1.95 Share in world total imports 0.70
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 0.9 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 89.9 Fuels and mining products 7.0
Manufactures 8.6 Manufactures 76.3
By main destination By main origin
1. Japan 26.8 1. European Union (27) 31.9
2. Taipei, Chinese 23.6 2. United States 13.6
3. United States 17.5 3. China 9.7
4. European Union (27) 7.1 4. Japan 8.7
5. United Arab Emirates 3.6 5. Korea, Republic of 4.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 7 901 7 9 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 30 798 16 34 59
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.23 Share in world total imports 0.99
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
17 257 274 ... ... ... ...
a Refers to 2003 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2003.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 145

 SENEGAL

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 12 211 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 13 209 Merchandise 122 106
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 21 638 excluding intra-EU trade 97 81
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 311 Commercial services 103 112
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 586 excluding intra-EU trade 77 86
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 69.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 138 4 5 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 137 4 8 6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 180 8 20 7

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.018

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 22, 24 September 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 29
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 30.0 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 29.8 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 30.0 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 16.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 29 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 350 12 5 41
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 6 528 ... 33 34
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 19.9 Agricultural products 31.2
Fuels and mining products 34.7 Fuels and mining products 34.4
Manufactures 35.2 Manufactures 34.4
By main destination By main origin
1. Mali 23.3 1. European Union (27) 39.8
2. European Union (27) 17.0 2. Nigeria 11.9
3. India 11.6 3. Thailand 6.8
4. Gambia 4.2 4. China 6.0
5. Guinea 3.8 5. Côte d'Ivoire 3.3
Unspecified destinations 18.1 Unspecified origins 0.1
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 097 19 4 53
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 205 17 4 49
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.3 Transportation 49.8
Travel 48.4 Travel 21.0
Other commercial services 39.2 Other commercial services 29.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Break in series for merchandise: 2005 for imports.

146 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SERBIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 7 350 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 50 061 Merchandise 83 70
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 84 207 excluding intra-EU trade 60 48
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 6 346 Commercial services 73 70
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 430 excluding intra-EU trade 48 48
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 81.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 155 6 8 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 227 11 16 12
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 307 15 24 12

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods - 7.4 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 14.2 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 6.3 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 1.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 972 ... 37 24
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 22 999 ... 41 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.14
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 19.1 Agricultural products 7.4
Fuels and mining products 12.1 Fuels and mining products 25.9
Manufactures 67.6 Manufactures 66.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 54.3 1. European Union (27) 53.3
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.2 2. Russian Federation 15.3
3. Montenegro 11.7 3. China 7.5
4. Russian Federation 5.0 4. Ukraine 2.9
5. FYR Macedonia 4.5 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 4 005 ... 50 28
Commercial services imports (million US$) 4 231 ... 63 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.12
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 24.0 Transportation 30.0
Travel 23.6 Travel 29.6
Other commercial services 52.4 Other commercial services 40.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
73 205 278 947 567 5 627 7 141

TRADE PROFILES 2009 147

 SEYCHELLES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 86 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 833 Merchandise 164 167
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 859 excluding intra-EU trade 138 141
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 264 Commercial services 138 154
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 23 734 excluding intra-EU trade 112 128
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 223.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 116 2 7 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 234 11 31 31
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 262 13 44 15

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 17.6
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 0-0
All goods - 8.2 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 19.7 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 6.4 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.6 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 84.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 78.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 390 9 -5 8
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 912 13 13 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 58.0 Agricultural products 22.4
Fuels and mining products 39.3 Fuels and mining products 28.0
Manufactures 2.7 Manufactures 49.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 57.2 1. European Union (27) 31.4
2. Saudi Arabia 36.1 2. United Arab Emirates 17.3
3. Switzerland 1.1 3. Saudi Arabia 13.6
4. Sri Lanka 0.9 4. Singapore 8.4
5. United States 0.8 5. South Africa 5.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 458 7 9 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 361 9 13 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 41.1 Transportation 48.4
Travel 55.2 Travel 10.2
Other commercial services 3.7 Other commercial services 41.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 2003
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 6 6 2 307 ... 309

148 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SIERRA LEONE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 560 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 953 Merchandise 171 179
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 4 260 excluding intra-EU trade 145 153
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 181 Commercial services 181 179
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 143 excluding intra-EU trade 155 153
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 52.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 229 11 7 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 23 July 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 9, 11 February 2005 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods 47.4 13.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 40.3 16.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 48.5 13.1 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 110 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 220 42 6 -10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 560 18 14 26
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 78.1 Agricultural products 29.9
Fuels and mining products 0.1 Fuels and mining products 40.3
Manufactures 6.3 Manufactures 29.1
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 1.0 1. Côte d'Ivoire 36.7
2. Saudi Arabia 0.4 2. European Union (27) 18.5
3. European Union (27) 0.2 3. Canada 6.5
4. Russian Federation 0.2 4. United States 4.9
5. Ecuador 0.2 5. Japan 4.2
Unspecified destinations 97.4 Unspecified origins 1.2
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 42 1 -46 -1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 86 1 -10 11
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 36.7 Transportation 56.3
Travel 52.0 Travel 16.5
Other commercial services 11.4 Other commercial services 27.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1995 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 5 5 ... ... 999 999
a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2002.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 149

 SINGAPORE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 839 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 181 948 Merchandise 14 15
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 238 503 excluding intra-EU trade 9 9
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 39 109 Commercial services 14 15
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 156 419 excluding intra-EU trade 7 8
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 443.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 146 5 8 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.157

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 14, 16 July 2008 in total tax revenue 0.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 69.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 8
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 15 - 13
All goods 10.7 0.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 29.1 0.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 6.3 0.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.5 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 1-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 98.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 100.0 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 67 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 338 176 ... 10 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 319 780 ... 10 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.10 Share in world total imports 1.95
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 2.1 Agricultural products 3.1
Fuels and mining products 19.8 Fuels and mining products 29.4
Manufactures 70.0 Manufactures 64.1
By main destination By main origin
1. Malaysia 12.1 1. European Union (27) 12.3
2. Indonesia 10.6 2. Malaysia 11.9
3. Hong Kong, China 10.4 3. United States 11.8
4. European Union (27) 10.4 4. China 10.6
5. China 9.2 5. Japan 8.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 82 934 14 26 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 78 868 13 16 6
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.20 Share in world total imports 2.26
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 34.8 Transportation 37.7
Travel 12.8 Travel 18.0
Other commercial services 52.5 Other commercial services 44.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
469 7 009 7 478 5 437 12 093 5 902 23 432
a Break in series for merchandise: 2003.

150 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SLOVAK REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 406 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 94 957 Merchandise 44 43
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 119 369 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 4 103 Commercial services 56 54
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 23 776 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 170.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 162 6 10 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 235 11 14 11
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 219 10 9 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.300

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 32
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 68
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 94 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 70 962 25 39 22
Merchandise imports , f.o.b. (million US$) 73 389 24 34 22
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.44 Share in world total imports 0.45
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 4.5 Agricultural products 6.5
Fuels and mining products 7.5 Fuels and mining products 15.7
Manufactures 86.9 Manufactures 77.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 85.2 1. European Union (27) 59.3
2. Russian Federation 3.8 2. Russian Federation 10.7
3. United States 1.7 3. Korea, Republic of 5.8
4. Ukraine 1.4 4. China 5.7
5. Turkey 1.3 5. Japan 1.4

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 8 469 18 30 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 9 089 23 40 41
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.22 Share in world total imports 0.26
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 34.5 Transportation 27.2
Travel 30.7 Travel 23.7
Other commercial services 34.8 Other commercial services 49.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
89 485 574 2 829 1 076 3 820 7 725

TRADE PROFILES 2009 151

 SLOVENIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 2 039 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 54 613 Merchandise 59 59
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 56 297 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 2 986 Commercial services 58 67
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 31 939 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 137.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 140 4 7 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 186 9 14 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 181 9 16 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.179

WTO accession date 30 July 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 32
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 84 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 34 105 19 30 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 36 970 18 31 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.21 Share in world total imports 0.23
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.2 Agricultural products 9.7
Fuels and mining products 6.9 Fuels and mining products 17.2
Manufactures 86.7 Manufactures 72.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 69.0 1. European Union (27) 77.8
2. Croatia 8.6 2. Croatia 3.6
3. Russian Federation 4.1 3. China 1.9
4. Serbia 4.0 4. United States 1.8
5. Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.2 5. Serbia 1.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 7 624 19 30 35
Commercial services imports (million US$) 4 902 17 30 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.20 Share in world total imports 0.14
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 27.7 Transportation 25.4
Travel 40.3 Travel 26.0
Other commercial services 32.0 Other commercial services 48.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
215 13 228 1 139 437 3 598 5 174
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

152 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SOLOMON ISLANDS

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 507 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 647 Merchandise 174 188
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 323 excluding intra-EU trade 148 162
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) - 97 Commercial services 178 171
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 337 excluding intra-EU trade 152 145
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 121.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 136 4 10 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 26 July 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 May 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 42
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 78.6 9.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 72.7 14.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 79.4 9.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.4 0.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 29 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 190 13 38 13
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 295 16 32 3
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. China 46.5 1. Australia 31.2
2. European Union (27) 12.8 2. Singapore 27.1
3. Thailand 7.2 3. Japan 8.2
4. Philippines 7.1 4. Malaysia 5.8
5. Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 6.1 5. Papua New Guinea 5.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 63 4 29 -3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 148 10 47 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 10.1 Transportation 43.2
Travel 2.8 Travel 7.9
Other commercial services 87.0 Other commercial services 48.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 153

 SOUTH AFRICA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 48 687 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 276 764 Merchandise 40 34
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 492 155 excluding intra-EU trade 26 22
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 20 981 Commercial services 46 39
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 837 excluding intra-EU trade 28 23
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 67.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 138 4 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 135 4 8 3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 201 9 10 6

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.529

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 29
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 19.2 7.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 56
Agricultural goods (AOA) 41.2 9.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 1
Non-agricultural goods 15.7 7.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-3
in agricultural goods (AOA) 31.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 70.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 91 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 80 782 13 20 16
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 99 480 16 12 12
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.50 Share in world total imports 0.61
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.7 Agricultural products 6.1
Fuels and mining products 35.4 Fuels and mining products 25.7
Manufactures 54.5 Manufactures 67.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 31.9 1. European Union (27) 31.3
2. Japan 11.0 2. China 11.3
3. United States 10.8 3. United States 8.0
4. China 5.8 4. Saudi Arabia 6.3
5. India 3.1 5. Japan 5.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) a 12 159 ... 13 -8
Commercial services imports (million US$) a 16 505 ... 16 2
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.32 Share in world total imports 0.47
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 12.8 Transportation 46.0
Travel 62.8 Travel 26.0
Other commercial services 24.4 Other commercial services 28.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2005
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... 19 895

a Break in series for commercial services: 2001.

154 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SPAIN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 45 568 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 1 604 174 Merchandise 17 12
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 456 103 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 154 128 Commercial services 7 9
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 18 985 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 59.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 128 3 4 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 130 4 5 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 157 7 7 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 2.620

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 65
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 268 339 11 19 6
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 401 384 13 18 3
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 1.67 Share in world total imports 2.44
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 15.6 Agricultural products 10.4
Fuels and mining products 10.1 Fuels and mining products 24.4
Manufactures 73.1 Manufactures 64.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 70.0 1. European Union (27) 60.0
2. United States 4.0 2. China 6.5
3. Mexico 1.7 3. United States 3.5
4. Morocco 1.7 4. Russian Federation 2.8
5. Turkey 1.6 5. Japan 2.1
Unspecified destinations 2.7 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 142 612 13 20 12
Commercial services imports (million US$) 104 262 16 23 9
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 3.77 Share in world total imports 2.99
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 17.0 Transportation 24.7
Travel 43.5 Travel 19.5
Other commercial services 39.6 Other commercial services 55.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
2 325 342 2 667 45 251 1 589 5 559 52 399
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 155

 SRI LANKA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 20 156 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 40 714 Merchandise 91 83
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 91 921 excluding intra-EU trade 67 59
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 3 775 Commercial services 89 81
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 1 131 excluding intra-EU trade 63 56
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 67.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 148 5 7 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 101 0 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 101 0 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.076

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 3, 5 March 2004 in total tax revenue 12.1
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 37.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 37
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-0
All goods 30.3 11.2 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 50.0 25.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 19.7 9.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.5 1.7 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2005) Requests for consultation 1-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 1.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 46.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 27 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 8 450 6 12 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 14 008 9 10 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 27.7 Agricultural products 14.4
Fuels and mining products 1.7 Fuels and mining products 24.0
Manufactures 68.0 Manufactures 57.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 36.9 1. India 20.8
2. United States 22.5 2. European Union (27) 12.8
3. India 5.3 3. Singapore 11.7
4. United Arab Emirates 3.1 4. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8.8
5. Russian Federation 2.6 5. China 8.1
Unspecified destinations 2.7 Unspecified origins 0.0
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 982 10 9 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 967 8 9 16
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 50.4 Transportation 66.1
Travel 17.3 Travel 14.4
Other commercial services 32.3 Other commercial services 19.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
54 37 91 212 499 ... 711

a Refers to 2002 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2002.

156 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SUDAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 41 348 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 58 443 Merchandise 80 95
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 89 033 excluding intra-EU trade 57 70
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 314 Commercial services 139 85
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 482 excluding intra-EU trade 113 60
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 41.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 178 7 10 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 269 13 34 23
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 225 11 -4 0

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - 20.4 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 31.7 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 18.7 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 52.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 19.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 12 050 27 57 36
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 9 150 25 9 4
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.6 Agricultural products 13.8
Fuels and mining products 74.7 Fuels and mining products 0.5
Manufactures 0.5 Manufactures 85.7
By main destination By main origin
1. China 79.5 1. Saudi Arabia 25.0
2. Japan 7.3 2. European Union (27) 10.6
3. United Arab Emirates 2.3 3. China 7.9
4. Yemen 1.8 4. Russian Federation 4.5
5. Egypt 1.4 5. Japan 3.9
Unspecified destinations 0.0 Unspecified origins 22.9
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 457 44 56 34
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 552 19 5 -11
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.07
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 3.8 Transportation 50.5
Travel 72.4 Travel 46.6
Other commercial services 23.8 Other commercial services 2.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 1 012 1 012

TRADE PROFILES 2009 157

 SURINAME

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 515 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 881 Merchandise 129 159
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 3 866 excluding intra-EU trade 104 133
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 353 Commercial services 153 153
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 6 109 excluding intra-EU trade 127 127
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 126.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 154 6 5 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 12, 14 July 2004 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 26.3 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 29
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 18.5 ... Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 19.9 ... Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 17.0 ... Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 12 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 743 20 8 28
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 304 12 4 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 4.0 Agricultural products 11.7
Fuels and mining products 11.1 Fuels and mining products 15.7
Manufactures 2.3 Manufactures 47.7
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 14.7 1. United States 24.0
2. Canada 14.4 2. European Union (27) 23.2
3. Switzerland 9.1 3. Trinidad and Tobago 20.6
4. Guyana 6.1 4. China 8.0
5. Barbados 3.0 5. Japan 4.5
Unspecified destinations 43.3 Unspecified origins 0.8
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 233 13 0 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 367 10 17 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 8.2 Transportation 24.6
Travel 33.3 Travel 8.3
Other commercial services 58.6 Other commercial services 67.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 1996
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 69 1 462 ... 1 531

158 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SWAZILAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 168 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 618 Merchandise 127 146
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 5 755 excluding intra-EU trade 102 120
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 66 Commercial services 131 146
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 3 844 excluding intra-EU trade 105 120
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 162.2
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 122 3 4 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 138 4 -2 6
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 155 6 3 3

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.018

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 23, 25 April 2003 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 96.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 55
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 19.2 7.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 41.2 9.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 15.7 7.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 44.1 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 49.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 9 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 790 9 5 -5
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 200 10 5 9
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 18.2 Agricultural products 12.1
Fuels and mining products 2.8 Fuels and mining products 10.3
Manufactures 78.8 Manufactures 77.4
By main destination By main origin
1. South Africa 45.2 1. South Africa 92.9
2. Botswana 31.6 2. Namibia 2.2
3. European Union (27) 14.4 3. Lesotho 1.4
4. United States 3.2 4. Hong Kong, China 0.9
5. Japan 2.6 5. Botswana 0.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 447 7 1 63
Commercial services imports (million US$) 494 7 -8 36
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 2.0 Transportation 11.7
Travel 7.1 Travel 10.4
Other commercial services 91.0 Other commercial services 77.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 992 992
a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 159

 SWEDEN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 9 221 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 480 021 Merchandise 24 26
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 344 712 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 40 317 Commercial services 18 18
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 46 645 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 96.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 121 2 3 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 144 5 6 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 136 5 9 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.324

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 24
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 98 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 183 356 10 14 9
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 167 152 11 20 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.14 Share in world total imports 1.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 7.8 Agricultural products 9.6
Fuels and mining products 11.9 Fuels and mining products 18.3
Manufactures 79.6 Manufactures 71.9
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 59.7 1. European Union (27) 69.7
2. Norway 9.5 2. Norway 8.9
3. United States 6.6 3. Russian Federation 4.1
4. Russian Federation 2.4 4. China 3.4
5. China 2.2 5. United States 3.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 71 592 17 28 13
Commercial services imports (million US$) 54 280 11 21 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.90 Share in world total imports 1.56
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 17.7 Transportation 16.7
Travel 17.6 Travel 28.4
Other commercial services 64.7 Other commercial services 54.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
1 050 237 1 287 ... ... 3 171 3 171

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

160 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 SWITZERLAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 7 631 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 488 470 Merchandise 20 23
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 324 576 excluding intra-EU trade 14 15
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 41 214 Commercial services 15 27
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 65 231 excluding intra-EU trade 8 16
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 113.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 115 2 3 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 127 4 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 125 4 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.379

WTO accession date 1 July 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 15, 16 December 2008 in total tax revenue 1.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 0.5
Tariff binding coverage (%) 99.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 11
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 20 - 6
All goods 9.8 7.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 57.2 44.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 2.7 2.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 81.8 83.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 4-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 21.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-0
in non-agricultural goods 35.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 200 334 12 16 16
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 183 192 10 14 14
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.25 Share in world total imports 1.12
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.8 Agricultural products 6.7
Fuels and mining products 6.8 Fuels and mining products 13.4
Manufactures 89.3 Manufactures 79.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 61.0 1. European Union (27) 78.8
2. United States 9.6 2. United States 5.8
3. Japan 3.3 3. China 2.5
4. Hong Kong, China 2.9 4. Japan 2.1
5. China 2.8 5. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 75 194 12 20 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 36 623 12 18 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.99 Share in world total imports 1.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 8.6 Transportation 22.5
Travel 19.2 Travel 29.7
Other commercial services 72.2 Other commercial services 47.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
428 309 737 8 638 3 752 13 476 25 866

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 161

 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 21 227 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 55 204 Merchandise 77 74
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 94 243 excluding intra-EU trade 55 52
Current account balance (million US$, 2006) 920 Commercial services 71 76
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 303 excluding intra-EU trade 46 53
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 75.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 142 4 4 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 162 6 2 -2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 222 10 8 3

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Non-member and non-observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - ... Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - ... Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - ... Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) a 14 300 ... 6 24
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) a 18 320 ... 28 25
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.09 Share in world total imports 0.11
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.5 Agricultural products 18.9
Fuels and mining products 43.1 Fuels and mining products 30.2
Manufactures 27.5 Manufactures 45.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 43.5 1. European Union (27) 25.4
2. Saudi Arabia 10.6 2. Russian Federation 9.8
3. Iraq 5.6 3. China 8.0
4. Turkey 5.2 4. Ukraine 5.8
5. Jordan 4.6 5. Saudi Arabia 5.7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 3 563 13 3 35
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 964 11 7 22
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.10
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 6.4 Transportation 48.7
Travel 80.9 Travel 21.8
Other commercial services 12.7 Other commercial services 29.6

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... 2 565 2 565
a Break in series for merchandise: 2004.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

162 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TAIPEI, CHINESE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 23 037 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 391 564 Merchandise 18 18
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 12 12
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 24 638 Commercial services 28 29
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 22 804 excluding intra-EU trade 15 18
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 137.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 130 3 6 0
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 166 7 9 0
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 131 3 4 -4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.804

WTO accession date 1 January 2002 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 20, 22 June 2006 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 6
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-2
All goods 6.5 6.1 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 5
Agricultural goods (AOA) 17.8 16.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 4.8 4.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 1.1 1.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 3-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 47.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 74.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 119 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 255 629 7 10 4
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 240 448 7 8 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.59 Share in world total imports 1.46
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 1.9 Agricultural products 5.2
Fuels and mining products 9.6 Fuels and mining products 33.5
Manufactures 87.0 Manufactures 59.6
By main destination By main origin
1. China 26.1 1. Japan 19.4
2. Hong Kong, China 12.8 2. China 13.1
3. United States 12.1 3. United States 11.0
4. European Union (27) 11.0 4. European Union (27) 8.2
5. Japan 6.9 5. Saudi Arabia 6.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 33 569 7 7 8
Commercial services imports (million US$) 33 627 4 8 -2
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.89 Share in world total imports 0.96
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 21.2 Transportation 34.0
Travel 15.4 Travel 25.1
Other commercial services 63.3 Other commercial services 40.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRADE PROFILES 2009 163

 TAJIKISTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 836 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 5 134 Merchandise 137 134
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 13 027 excluding intra-EU trade 111 108
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 495 Commercial services 163 135
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 615 excluding intra-EU trade 137 109
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 138.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 195 9 8 8
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 161 6 -1 2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 174 7 2 4

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected (%, 2000-2001)
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue 20.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods - 7.9 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 11.4 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 7.4 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 0.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 406 8 5 -4
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 3 270 22 43 33
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 14.4 Agricultural products 10.4
Fuels and mining products 59.3 Fuels and mining products 35.8
Manufactures 11.3 Manufactures 48.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Russian Federation 37.4 1. Uzbekistan 28.8
2. European Union (27) 35.3 2. Russian Federation 16.2
3. Uzbekistan 14.1 3. Ukraine 13.1
4. Switzerland 10.4 4. Kazakhstan 12.8
5. Kazakhstan 0.8 5. European Union (27) 12.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 116 9 7 6
Commercial services imports (million US$) 590 40 57 50
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 53.9 Transportation 24.1
Travel 2.8 Travel 1.1
Other commercial services 43.3 Other commercial services 74.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
187 250 437 ... ... 2 298 2 298

a Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2000.

164 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TANZANIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 42 484 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 20 490 Merchandise 115 102
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 53 655 excluding intra-EU trade 91 77
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 856 Commercial services 92 107
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 256 excluding intra-EU trade 66 81
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 61.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 170 7 7 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 187 11 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 128 4 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.028

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 October 2006 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 13.4 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 40
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods 120.0 12.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 120.0 19.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 120.0 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 67.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 1 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) b 3 037 ... 16 36
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 7 081 21 26 33
2008 c 2008 c
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 31.1 Agricultural products 13.9
Fuels and mining products 6.8 Fuels and mining products 34.6
Manufactures 15.4 Manufactures 51.5
By main destination By main origin
1. Switzerland 20.5 1. European Union (27) 17.7
2. European Union (27) 19.7 2. United Arab Emirates 13.2
3. South Africa 9.5 3. South Africa 10.1
4. China 7.3 4. India 8.7
5. Kenya 5.8 5. China 7.0

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 935 16 14 16
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 631 13 17 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.05 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.9 Transportation 40.3
Travel 60.5 Travel 47.9
Other commercial services 20.6 Other commercial services 11.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2001
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... 15 ... 15

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.
b Break in series for merchandise: 2006 for exports.
c Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 165

 THAILAND

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 67 386 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 260 693 Merchandise 26 25
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 519 049 excluding intra-EU trade 18 17
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 113 Commercial services 29 19
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 5 250 excluding intra-EU trade 16 10
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 151.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 145 5 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 152 6 7 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 153 6 4 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 1.036

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 26, 28 November 2007 in total tax revenue 6.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 74.7 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 20
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 7-4
All goods 28.6 10.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 22
Agricultural goods (AOA) 42.7 25.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 25.6 8.2 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 18.7 10.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 13 - 3
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.4 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 5-1
in non-agricultural goods 48.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 75 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 177 844 13 17 17
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 178 655 14 9 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.11 Share in world total imports 1.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 17.8 Agricultural products 6.5
Fuels and mining products 7.6 Fuels and mining products 25.9
Manufactures 71.5 Manufactures 64.0
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 13.2 1. Japan 18.7
2. United States 11.4 2. China 11.2
3. Japan 11.3 3. European Union (27) 8.0
4. China 9.1 4. United States 6.4
5. Singapore 5.7 5. United Arab Emirates 6.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 33 393 12 22 11
Commercial services imports (million US$) 46 314 15 16 21
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.88 Share in world total imports 1.33
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 21.8 Transportation 49.6
Travel 52.8 Travel 11.3
Other commercial services 25.3 Other commercial services 39.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
116 116 232 14 769 9 871 ... 24 640
a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

166 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TOGO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 6 459 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 823 Merchandise 151 156
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 5 357 excluding intra-EU trade 125 130
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 216 Commercial services 151 151
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 372 excluding intra-EU trade 125 125
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 93.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 119 2 2 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 138 7 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 116 3 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 31 May 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 3, 5 July 2006 in total tax revenue 21.4
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 5.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 14.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 80.0 11.9 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 80.0 14.5 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 80.0 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 0.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 8.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 5 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 900 12 8 29
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 1 540 13 12 10
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.2 Agricultural products 8.6
Fuels and mining products 5.2 Fuels and mining products 16.0
Manufactures 25.2 Manufactures 30.0
By main destination By main origin
1. Niger 12.7 1. European Union (27) 43.3
2. Benin 10.9 2. China 15.8
3. India 9.8 3. United States 4.2
4. Burkina Faso 9.7 4. Ghana 3.6
5. Mali 7.1 5. South Africa 3.0
Unspecified destinations 20.0 Unspecified origins 2.9
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 242 23 24 22
Commercial services imports (million US$) 389 16 16 28
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 53.5 Transportation 71.2
Travel 17.3 Travel 5.5
Other commercial services 29.2 Other commercial services 23.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
a Refers to 2005 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2005.
b Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2007. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 167

 TONGA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 104 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 264 Merchandise 203 194
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 396 excluding intra-EU trade 177 168
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 24 Commercial services 184 188
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 841 excluding intra-EU trade 158 162
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 80.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 111 1 0 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.015

WTO accession date 27 July 2007 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 24
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 17.6 15.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 19.2 14.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 17.3 15.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 1.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 90 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 1 -11 12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 170 12 23 19
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 91.8 Agricultural products 35.7
Fuels and mining products 0.0 Fuels and mining products 16.7
Manufactures 5.0 Manufactures 40.8
By main destination By main origin
1. New Zealand 33.3 1. New Zealand 33.8
2. United States 30.7 2. Singapore 21.3
3. Japan 13.1 3. Australia 11.6
4. Australia 7.1 4. United States 10.2
5. Samoa 4.3 5. Fiji 9.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 26 9 -25 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) 44 13 13 -13
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 14.4 Transportation 67.3
Travel 56.0 Travel 23.0
Other commercial services 29.6 Other commercial services 9.7

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2002
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... 6 ... 6

a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2000 and by destination/origin refer to 2007.

168 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 1 338 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 23 898 Merchandise 74 92
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 33 105 excluding intra-EU trade 52 67
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) 5 364 Commercial services 109 152
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 15 278 excluding intra-EU trade 83 126
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 110.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 180 8 5 3
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 135 6 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 164 10 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.053

WTO accession date 1 March 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 14, 16 September 2005 in total tax revenue 5.7
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.0
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 8
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-2
All goods 55.7 7.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 2
Agricultural goods (AOA) 90.2 18.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.5 5.9 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.3 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-2
in agricultural goods (AOA) 27.9 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 78.8 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 32 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 16 929 19 -5 26
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 9 973 15 18 30
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.11 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 2.2 Agricultural products 8.4
Fuels and mining products 70.1 Fuels and mining products 39.2
Manufactures 27.7 Manufactures 48.4
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 46.0 1. United States 24.0
2. European Union (27) 14.3 2. European Union (27) 13.3
3. Jamaica 6.7 3. Brazil 11.8
4. Mexico 3.2 4. Colombia 7.9
5. Barbados 2.9 5. Gabon 6.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 910 8 -9 14
Commercial services imports (million US$) 320 -2 -34 3
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 25.2 Transportation 53.7
Travel 50.9 Travel 29.3
Other commercial services 23.9 Other commercial services 17.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2002
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
2 79 81 225 949 ... 1 174

a Refers to 2005 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2005.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 169

 TUNISIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 10 327 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 40 180 Merchandise 71 68
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 82 572 excluding intra-EU trade 49 46
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 904 Commercial services 63 80
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 039 excluding intra-EU trade 41 55
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 116.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 147 5 6 5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 149 5 8 8
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 139 4 6 10

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.121

WTO accession date 29 March 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2006-2008)
Trade Policy Review date 5, 7 October 2005 in total tax revenue 8.2
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.8
Tariff binding coverage (%) 57.6 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 21
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 6-0
All goods 57.9 21.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 116.1 40.9 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 40.5 18.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 35.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 20 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 19 319 16 30 27
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 24 622 14 27 29
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.12 Share in world total imports 0.15
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 9.4 Agricultural products 12.1
Fuels and mining products 19.0 Fuels and mining products 23.2
Manufactures 71.6 Manufactures 64.6
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 72.1 1. European Union (27) 57.3
2. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4.5 2. Russian Federation 7.5
3. India 3.1 3. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4.4
4. Switzerland 2.4 4. China 3.7
5. Algeria 2.1 5. United States 3.0
Unspecified destinations 2.9 Unspecified origins 1.3
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 5 572 10 14 17
Commercial services imports (million US$) 3 001 13 14 13
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.15 Share in world total imports 0.09
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.7 Transportation 56.6
Travel 52.6 Travel 15.8
Other commercial services 16.7 Other commercial services 27.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1996 Trademark registrations by office, 1996
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
31 115 146 984 1 900 ... 2 884

170 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TURKEY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 73 914 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 794 228 Merchandise 32 20
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 1 028 897 excluding intra-EU trade 22 13
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 41 685 Commercial services 27 42
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 424 excluding intra-EU trade 14 25
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 48.9
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 145 5 5 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 171 7 7 5
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 189 8 11 5

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.841

WTO accession date 26 March 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 10, 12 December 2007 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 50.4 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 41
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 15 - 0
All goods 28.3 9.7 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 93
Agricultural goods (AOA) 60.1 42.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 0
Non-agricultural goods 16.9 4.8 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 11
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.1 0.6 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 2-8
in agricultural goods (AOA) 30.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 1-2
in non-agricultural goods 38.4 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 77 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 132 002 22 25 23
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 201 961 18 22 19
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.82 Share in world total imports 1.23
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 8.5 Agricultural products 6.5
Fuels and mining products 9.0 Fuels and mining products 31.2
Manufactures 78.6 Manufactures 58.4
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 48.8 1. European Union (27) 37.1
2. United Arab Emirates 6.0 2. Russian Federation 15.5
3. Russian Federation 4.9 3. China 7.8
4. United States 3.3 4. United States 5.9
5. Iraq 3.0 5. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 4.1
Unspecified destinations 3.1 Unspecified origins 0.7
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 34 492 8 13 22
Commercial services imports (million US$) 16 234 10 36 15
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.91 Share in world total imports 0.47
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 22.6 Transportation 46.4
Travel 63.5 Travel 21.6
Other commercial services 13.9 Other commercial services 32.0

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
296 332 628 41 096 3 621 8 581 53 298

TRADE PROFILES 2009 171

 TURKMENISTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 5 028 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 18 269 Merchandise 81 109
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 33 389 excluding intra-EU trade 58 84
Current account balance (million US$, 1997) - 580 Commercial services 95 94
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 69 68
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) ...
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 295 14 12 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 190 14 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 165 10 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Non-member and non-observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods - ... Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - ... Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - ... Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - ... Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 11 920 22 11 51
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 5 670 16 41 57
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.07 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.2 Agricultural products 12.1
Fuels and mining products 81.4 Fuels and mining products 2.2
Manufactures 6.9 Manufactures 79.8
By main destination By main origin
1. Russian Federation 41.1 1. Russian Federation 14.3
2. European Union (27) 19.3 2. Turkey 14.2
3. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 9.7 3. European Union (27) 13.3
4. Turkey 7.4 4. Ukraine 12.0
5. Ukraine 6.6 5. United Arab Emirates 8.9

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) ... ... ... ...
Commercial services imports (million US$) ... ... ... ...
2008 2008
Share in world total exports ... Share in world total imports ...
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 1999 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
32 63 95 ... ... 2 763 2 763

a Refers to 2005 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2005.
b Breakdowns by commodity group and by destination/origin refer to 2000.

172 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 UGANDA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 31 657 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 14 529 Merchandise 123 118
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 36 871 excluding intra-EU trade 98 92
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 088 Commercial services 125 116
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 212 excluding intra-EU trade 99 90
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 53.6
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 178 7 9 10
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 247 12 12 7
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 253 12 17 28

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.016

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2004-2006)
Trade Policy Review date 25, 27 October 2006 in total tax revenue 27.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 12.1
Tariff binding coverage (%) 15.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 18
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 73.4 12.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 77.7 19.8 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 50.6 11.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 18.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 58.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 5 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 180 21 42 29
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 4 526 14 37 30
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 46.1 Agricultural products 14.0
Fuels and mining products 4.2 Fuels and mining products 20.3
Manufactures 26.6 Manufactures 65.5
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 26.7 1. European Union (27) 19.4
2. Sudan 14.3 2. United Arab Emirates 11.4
3. Kenya 9.5 3. Kenya 11.3
4. Switzerland 9.0 4. India 10.4
5. Rwanda 7.9 5. China 8.1

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 554 13 11 5
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 177 13 27 23
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 4.3 Transportation 70.0
Travel 64.2 Travel 13.2
Other commercial services 31.5 Other commercial services 16.8

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... 629 ... 629

TRADE PROFILES 2009 173

 UKRAINE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 46 258 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 180 355 Merchandise 47 38
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 336 355 excluding intra-EU trade 32 24
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 12 933 Commercial services 41 44
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 3 026 excluding intra-EU trade 24 27
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 98.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 171 7 8 2
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 130 3 3 2
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 186 8 20 13

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.341

WTO accession date 16 May 2008 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue 6.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 2.7
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 5
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 14 - 0
All goods 5.8 5.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 21
Agricultural goods (AOA) 11.1 13.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 5.0 4.4 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 1
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.1 4.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 23.0 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 54.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 137 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 67 003 21 28 36
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 85 534 25 35 41
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.42 Share in world total imports 0.52
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 16.9 Agricultural products 8.2
Fuels and mining products 13.0 Fuels and mining products 30.8
Manufactures 69.6 Manufactures 59.2
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 27.1 1. European Union (27) 33.8
2. Russian Federation 23.5 2. Russian Federation 22.7
3. Turkey 6.9 3. Turkmenistan 6.6
4. Belarus 3.1 4. China 6.6
5. United States 2.9 5. Kazakhstan 3.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 17 302 21 26 27
Commercial services imports (million US$) 15 104 25 29 37
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.46 Share in world total imports 0.43
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 44.1 Transportation 39.5
Travel 33.3 Travel 26.6
Other commercial services 22.6 Other commercial services 33.9

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2006 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
2 505 1 200 3 705 12 130 3 245 9 372 24 747

174 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 4 484 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2006) 163 296 Merchandise 19 27
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2006) 226 070 excluding intra-EU trade 13 18
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) 22 278 Commercial services 53 24
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 82 688 excluding intra-EU trade 34 15
Trade to GDP ratio (2004-2006) 162.6
Annual percentage change
2006 2000-2006 2005 2006
Real GDP (2000=100) 152 7 8 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 159 12 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 174 15 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.811

WTO accession date 10 April 1996 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 24, 26 April 2006 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 26
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 14.7 5.0 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 25.4 7.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 13.1 4.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.2 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2005) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 46.7 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 16.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 46 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 231 550 21 24 28
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 165 620 21 32 25
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 1.44 Share in world total imports 1.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 3.4 Agricultural products 8.8
Fuels and mining products 53.6 Fuels and mining products 7.2
Manufactures 38.9 Manufactures 76.2
By main destination By main origin
1. Taipei, Chinese 21.6 1. European Union (27) 22.2
2. Japan 16.4 2. China 9.9
3. India 7.3 3. India 9.6
4. Iran, Islamic Rep. of 3.2 4. United States 7.0
5. European Union (27) 2.2 5. Japan 6.6
Unspecified destinations 33.3 Unspecified origins 13.1
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 8 958 22 19 21
Commercial services imports (million US$) 42 773 23 37 28
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.24 Share in world total imports 1.23
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 20.1 Transportation 59.6
Travel 79.9 Travel 31.1
Other commercial services 0.0 Other commercial services 9.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Refers to 2004 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2004.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 175

 UNITED KINGDOM

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 61 399 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 2 645 593 Merchandise 10 6
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 2 176 263 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 45 670 Commercial services 2 3
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 24 943 excluding intra-EU trade - -
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 58.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 121 2 3 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 126 3 -5 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 136 5 -3 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 5.292

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 6, 8 April 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 31
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 28 - 5
All goods 5.5 5.6 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 143
Agricultural goods (AOA) 15.9 16.0 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 10
Non-agricultural goods 3.9 4.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 4.8 5.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 81 - 66
in agricultural goods (AOA) 51.3 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 25
in non-agricultural goods 53.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 4-4
Services sectors with GATS commitments 115 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 4-3

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 458 572 6 -2 4
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 632 017 8 4 1
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 2.85 Share in world total imports 3.85
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.5 Agricultural products 10.6
Fuels and mining products 18.0 Fuels and mining products 16.4
Manufactures 71.0 Manufactures 67.8
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 56.3 1. European Union (27) 52.6
2. United States 14.1 2. United States 8.7
3. China 2.0 3. China 7.9
4. Switzerland 1.9 4. Norway 5.9
5. Russian Federation 1.7 5. Japan 2.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 282 961 11 20 1
Commercial services imports (million US$) 196 167 9 15 0
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 7.49 Share in world total imports 5.62
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 13.7 Transportation 19.3
Travel 12.9 Travel 35.6
Other commercial services 73.5 Other commercial services 45.1

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
2 058 3 872 5 930 21 813 4 217 5 936 31 966

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.

176 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 UNITED STATES

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 304 060 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 14 204 322 Merchandise 3 1
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 14 204 322 excluding intra-EU trade 3 2
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 614 359 Commercial services 1 1
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 13 066 excluding intra-EU trade 2 2
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 28.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 119 2 2 1
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 119 3 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 131 5 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 13.486

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 9, 11 June 2008 in total tax revenue 1.0
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 1.3
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100.0 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 16
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 11 - 10
All goods 3.5 3.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) 220
Agricultural goods (AOA) 4.8 5.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) 29
Non-agricultural goods 3.3 3.3 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 8.2 9.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 93 - 107
in agricultural goods (AOA) 39.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 33 - 55
in non-agricultural goods 49.1 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 6 - 12
Services sectors with GATS commitments 110 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 11 - 4

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 1 287 442 6 12 12
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 169 487 7 5 7
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 8.01 Share in world total imports 13.21
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 10.9 Agricultural products 5.3
Fuels and mining products 9.8 Fuels and mining products 25.7
Manufactures 74.8 Manufactures 65.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 21.2 1. European Union (27) 17.4
2. Canada 20.1 2. China 16.5
3. Mexico 11.7 3. Canada 15.7
4. China 5.5 4. Mexico 10.1
5. Japan 5.1 5. Japan 6.6

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 521 378 8 16 10
Commercial services imports (million US$) 367 911 7 9 8
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 13.80 Share in world total imports 10.54
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 17.4 Transportation 28.5
Travel 25.9 Travel 23.2
Other commercial services 56.7 Other commercial services 48.3

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
79 527 77 756 157 283 138 867 31 467 2 093 172 427

a Refers to 2006 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2006.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 177

 URUGUAY

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 3 334 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 32 186 Merchandise 98 97
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 42 456 excluding intra-EU trade 74 72
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) - 1 119 Commercial services 87 111
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 4 448 excluding intra-EU trade 61 85
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 58.0
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 128 3 8 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 158 6 8 10
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 145 5 7 20

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.037

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected (%, 2005-2007)
Trade Policy Review date 17, 19 May 2006 in total tax revenue 6.8
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports 4.4
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 17
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-1
All goods 31.6 10.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 33.9 10.1 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 31.2 10.6 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 1-1
in agricultural goods (AOA) 21.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 42.7 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 30 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 949 13 13 32
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 8 933 13 17 59
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.04 Share in world total imports 0.05
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 69.4 Agricultural products 10.1
Fuels and mining products 3.6 Fuels and mining products 30.6
Manufactures 25.9 Manufactures 59.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 19.3 1. Argentina 25.2
2. Brazil 16.6 2. Brazil 18.1
3. Argentina 8.5 3. China 10.2
4. Russian Federation 5.6 4. Russian Federation 9.6
5. Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 4.0 5. European Union (27) 8.6
Unspecified destinations 9.6 Unspecified origins 0.1
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 2 131 7 31 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 1 373 6 16 27
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 30.5 Transportation 50.4
Travel 48.9 Travel 26.0
Other commercial services 20.6 Other commercial services 23.5

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2004 Trademark registrations by office, 2006
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
4 82 86 2 333 2 769 ... 5 102

178 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 UZBEKISTAN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 27 314 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 27 918 Merchandise 84 103
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 72 547 excluding intra-EU trade 61 78
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 106 149
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 570 excluding intra-EU trade 80 123
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 68.3
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 167 7 10 9
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 186 8 32 16
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 231 11 37 20

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-0
All goods - 15.5 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 19.5 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 14.9 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 4.5 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) ... Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods ... Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 10 369 18 43 29
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 7 076 13 11 46
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.04
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products ... Agricultural products ...
Fuels and mining products ... Fuels and mining products ...
Manufactures ... Manufactures ...
By main destination By main origin
1. ... ... 1. ... ...
2. ... ... 2. ... ...
3. ... ... 3. ... ...
4. ... ... 4. ... ...
5. ... ... 5. ... ...

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 1 204 13 24 25
Commercial services imports (million US$) 428 7 -3 10
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.01
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2007 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
128 184 312 446 639 2 960 4 045

TRADE PROFILES 2009 179

 VANUATU

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 231 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 574 Merchandise 186 189
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 920 excluding intra-EU trade 160 163
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 34 Commercial services 154 181
Trade per capita (US$, 2006-2008) 2 134 excluding intra-EU trade 128 155
Trade to GDP ratio (2006-2008) 96.8
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 128 3 7 7
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) ... ... ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods - 16.1 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 32.0 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 13.8 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 1.4 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 6.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 15.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 42 6 -19 41
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 287 16 26 42
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.00 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 77.4 Agricultural products 22.7
Fuels and mining products 0.1 Fuels and mining products 16.5
Manufactures 7.1 Manufactures 58.3
By main destination By main origin
1. European Union (27) 17.0 1. Australia 31.1
2. Philippines 13.9 2. New Zealand 16.8
3. New Caledonia 9.8 3. Singapore 12.4
4. Fiji 6.9 4. Fiji 9.1
5. Japan 5.4 5. China 6.6
Unspecified destinations 26.7 Unspecified origins 0.5
COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 212 8 26 20
Commercial services imports (million US$) 89 5 6 27
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.00
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 18.0 Transportation 64.7
Travel 67.1 Travel 15.1
Other commercial services 14.9 Other commercial services 20.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... ... ... ... ...

a Breakdowns by commodity group refer to 2000 and by destination/origin refer to 2007. Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

180 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 VIET NAM

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 86 211 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 90 705 Merchandise 51 41
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 240 093 excluding intra-EU trade 36 25
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 6 992 Commercial services 61 56
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 1 145 excluding intra-EU trade 39 37
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 159.4
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 179 8 8 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 342 19 21 ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 371 21 31 ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.247

WTO accession date 11 January 2007 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 100 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2007 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 30
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 4-2
All goods 11.4 16.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 18.5 24.2 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.4 15.7 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 32.5 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 34.2 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 105 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 62 906 20 22 30
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 80 416 23 40 28
2008 b 2008 b
Share in world total exports 0.39 Share in world total imports 0.49
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 22.1 Agricultural products 9.6
Fuels and mining products 21.8 Fuels and mining products 18.9
Manufactures 52.0 Manufactures 65.3
By main destination By main origin
1. United States 20.8 1. China 20.3
2. European Union (27) 18.7 2. Singapore 12.1
3. Japan 12.5 3. Taipei, Chinese 11.1
4. Australia 7.8 4. Japan 9.9
5. China 7.5 5. Korea, Republic of 8.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) 6 300 11 18 4
Commercial services imports (million US$) 8 615 13 36 24
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.17 Share in world total imports 0.25
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2000 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
12 715 727 ... ... 4 011 4 011

a Refers to 2007 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2007.
b Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 181

 YEMEN

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 23 053 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 26 576 Merchandise 89 93
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 55 330 excluding intra-EU trade 65 68
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 1 508 Commercial services 124 95
Trade per capita (US$, 2003-2005) 506 excluding intra-EU trade 98 69
Trade to GDP ratio (2003-2005) 74.7
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 136 4 3 4
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 100 0 ... ...
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) a 126 8 ... ...

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget -

WTO accession date Observer Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date - in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) - Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2006 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry -
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 1-0
All goods - 7.1 Anti-dumping -
Agricultural goods (AOA) - 10.2 Countervailing duties -
Non-agricultural goods - 6.6 Safeguards -
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) - 2.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2006) Requests for consultation -
in agricultural goods (AOA) 13.2 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports -
in non-agricultural goods 3.3 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) -
Services sectors with GATS commitments - Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) -

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 8 977 10 -4 27
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 9 960 20 40 17
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.06 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 4.4 Agricultural products 24.8
Fuels and mining products 75.1 Fuels and mining products 31.0
Manufactures 4.9 Manufactures 44.1
By main destination By main origin
1. China 31.2 1. United Arab Emirates 17.8
2. Thailand 24.0 2. European Union (27) 13.7
3. India 8.0 3. China 7.5
4. United Arab Emirates 7.6 4. United States 7.3
5. Korea, Republic of 6.3 5. Kuwait 6.3

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Commercial services exports (million US$) b 593 ... ... 3
Commercial services imports (million US$) 2 128 14 1 18
2008 c 2008 c
Share in world total exports 0.02 Share in world total imports 0.06
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 7.8 Transportation 50.5
Travel 73.5 Travel 10.1
Other commercial services 18.6 Other commercial services 39.4

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... ... ... 978 1 498 ... 2 476

a Refers to 2003 values and to the average annual percentage change for 2000-2003.
b Break in series for commercial services: 2007 for exports.
c Breakdowns by services items refer to 2007.

182 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 ZAMBIA

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 12 620 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2008) 14 314 Merchandise 102 113
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) 17 110 excluding intra-EU trade 78 88
Current account balance (million US$, 2007) - 505 Commercial services 150 123
Trade per capita (US$, 2005-2007) 604 excluding intra-EU trade 124 97
Trade to GDP ratio (2005-2007) 74.5
Annual percentage change
2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Real GDP (2000=100) 151 5 6 6
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 499 22 21 21
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 329 16 16 15

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.020

WTO accession date 1 January 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date 27, 29 July 2009 in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 16.8 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 25
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 2-0
All goods 106.4 13.8 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 123.3 19.3 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 42.2 13.0 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.0 2.1 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 3.8 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 29.5 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 16 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 5 089 24 22 10
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 5 106 23 29 29
2008 2008
Share in world total exports 0.03 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 6.7 Agricultural products 6.0
Fuels and mining products 79.5 Fuels and mining products 28.3
Manufactures 13.7 Manufactures 64.9
By main destination By main origin
1. Switzerland 49.8 1. South Africa 42.6
2. South Africa 10.4 2. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 10.6
3. Egypt 7.5 3. Kuwait 10.2
4. European Union (27) 6.4 4. European Union (27) 10.1
5. Congo, Dem. Rep. of 5.6 5. China 4.5

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2007 2000-2007 2006 2007
Commercial services exports (million US$) 279 14 10 22
Commercial services imports (million US$) 886 16 26 58
2007 2007
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation 34.5 Transportation 46.5
Travel 49.5 Travel 6.3
Other commercial services 16.0 Other commercial services 47.2

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2001 Trademark registrations by office, 2007
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 29 29 ... ... 1 127 1 127

TRADE PROFILES 2009 183

 ZIMBABWE

BASIC INDICATORS
Population (thousands, 2008) 12 463 Rank in world trade, 2008 Exports Imports
GDP (million current US$, 2005) 3 418 Merchandise 124 139
GDP (million current PPP US$, 2008) ... excluding intra-EU trade 99 113
Current account balance (million US$, 2008) ... Commercial services 170 166
Trade per capita (US$, 2000-2002) 375 excluding intra-EU trade 144 140
Trade to GDP ratio (2000-2002) 35.5
Annual percentage change
2005 2000-2005 2004 2005
Real GDP (2000=100) 76 -5 -4 -5
Exports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 71 -7 2 -3
Imports of goods and services (volume, 2000=100) 83 -4 2 -3

TRADE POLICY Contribution to WTO budget (%, 2009) 0.017

WTO accession date 5 March 1995 Import duties collected
Trade Policy Review date ... in total tax revenue ...
Tariffs and duty free imports to total imports ...
Tariff binding coverage (%) 21.2 Number of notifications to WTO and measures in force
MFN tariffs Final bound Applied 2008 Outstanding notifications in WTO Central Registry 38
Simple average of import duties Goods RTAs - services EIAs notified to WTO 3-0
All goods 91.7 25.5 Anti-dumping (30 June 2008) ...
Agricultural goods (AOA) 140.1 25.4 Countervailing duties (30 June 2008) ...
Non-agricultural goods 10.8 25.5 Safeguards (28 October 2008) 0
Non ad-valorem duties (% total tariff lines) 0.5 6.8 Number of disputes (complainant - defendant)
MFN duty free imports (%, 2007) Requests for consultation 0-0
in agricultural goods (AOA) 21.6 Original panel / Appellate Body (AB) reports 0-0
in non-agricultural goods 13.9 Compliance panel / AB reports (Article 21.5 DSU) 0-0
Services sectors with GATS commitments 21 Arbitration awards (Article 22.6 DSU) 0-0

MERCHANDISE TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2008 2000-2008 2007 2008
Merchandise exports , f.o.b. (million US$) 2 150 1 15 -7
Merchandise imports , c.i.f. (million US$) 2 950 6 13 16
2008 a 2008 a
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.02
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS) By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products 44.4 Agricultural products 21.2
Fuels and mining products 24.3 Fuels and mining products 24.2
Manufactures 31.1 Manufactures 54.4
By main destination By main origin
1. South Africa 37.4 1. South Africa 42.8
2. European Union (27) 16.5 2. Botswana 11.4
3. Mozambique 13.0 3. European Union (27) 8.3
4. Botswana 6.1 4. China 5.7
5. Switzerland 4.0 5. Mozambique 4.8

COMMERCIAL SERVICES TRADE Value Annual percentage change

2002 2000-2002 2001 2002
Commercial services exports (million US$) 208 -20 -26 -14
Commercial services imports (million US$) 447 -5 -11 2
2002 2002
Share in world total exports 0.01 Share in world total imports 0.03
Breakdown in economy's total exports Breakdown in economy's total imports
By principal services item By principal services item
Transportation ... Transportation ...
Travel ... Travel ...
Other commercial services ... Other commercial services ...

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Patent grants by patent office, 2001 Trademark registrations by office, 2001
Residents Non-residents Total Direct residents Direct non-residents Madrid Total
... 29 29 2 18 ... 20

a Breakdowns by destination/origin refer to 2007.

184 TRADE PROFILES 2009

 TECHNICAL NOTES

BASIC INDICATORS
Trade per capita is estimated as an economy’s total trade of goods and commercial services (exports + imports,
balance of payments basis) divided by the population. It is calculated on the basis of data for the three latest
years available.
Trade to GDP ratio is estimated as an economy’s total trade of goods and commercial services
(exports + imports, balance of payments basis) divided by GDP, on the basis of data for the three latest years
available. GDP is measured in nominal terms and with market exchange rates.
Real GDP, exports and imports of goods and services (national accounts based), refer to data at constant
prices or volume figures based on 2000.
Ranks in world trade of merchandise and commercial services are defined first referring to European Union
(EU (27)) members as individual traders and second referring to the EU (27) as one trader (i.e. excluding
individual EU (27) members).

TRADE POLICY
The Trade Policy Review date indicates the date of the latest policy review for the economy considered.
The tariff binding coverage corresponds to the number of the Harmonized System (HS) subheadings
containing at least one bound tariff line divided by the respective total number of HS subheadings of the
corresponding version of the HS nomenclature.
For MFN bound tariffs, the simple average of import duties refers to the simple average of ad-valorem (AV )
and calculable ad-valorem equivalent (AVE) of final bound HS 6-digit duties. For MFN applied tariffs it
refers to the simple average of AV and calculable AVE of MFN applied HS 6-digit duties.
The non-AV duties as a percentage of total tariff lines refer to the share of HS six-digit subheadings
subject to non-AV duties. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is subject to non-AV duties the
percentage share of these tariff lines is used.
Agricultural goods according to the AOA (WTO Agreement on Agriculture) definition refer to HS chapters
1 to 24 (excluding fish and fish products) and a number of manufactured agricultural products (for further
information see “The Legal Texts, The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Negotiations”, WTO).
This definition does not correspond to the definition of agricultural products presented in the breakdown of
merchandise trade by main commodity group (see below).
Import duties collected in total tax revenue and import duties collected to total imports (goods and
commercial services) are estimated in general on the basis of data for the three latest years available.
The number of services sectors with GATS commitments has been established by the WTO Secretariat
on the basis of available information and in the light of the Services Sectoral Classification List (MTN.
GNS/W/120). The total number of sub-sectors is in the order of 160. In the absence of a GATS schedule for
the EU (27), the total number of services sub-sectors listed in the statistical profiles of the individual EC-12
members and of the EU (27) is that of the existing European Communities (EC) schedule.
For EU (27) members the number of notifications outstanding (NO) refers to the sum of NO of the EC and
of the individual economy.
The number of contingency measures in force is based on information made available to relevant
committees (annual reports G\L\861, G\L\862 and G\L\869). Please note that there is no obligation on
WTO Members to notify the expiry or termination of safeguard measures.
For the number of disputes, a dispute is understood to be a proceeding initiated under the Understanding
on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) and identified by a reference number
(WT/DS...). Reports refer to those adopted by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). For EU (27) individual
members the numbers refer to the EC figures including those for individual members prior to their accession to
the EC. For more information refer to www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_e.htm.

TRADE PROFILES 2009 185

MERCHANDISE TRADE (customs-based statistics)
The share in world total exports and imports of merchandise for individual economies is calculated using world
trade including intra-EU (27) trade. For the EU (27) as one trading reporter the share is calculated on the basis
of world trade excluding intra-EU (27) trade.
Breakdown by main commodity group according to the ITS (WTO International Trade Statistics) definitions:
Agricultural products refer to food (SITC Rev. 3 sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22) and raw materials (SITC
Rev. 3 divisions 21, 23, 24, 25 and 26). It differs from the Agricultural goods AOA definition (see above). Fuels
and mining products include ores and other minerals; fuels and non-ferrous metals. Manufactures refer to
iron and steel, chemicals, other semi-manufactures, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, clothing and
other consumer goods. Please note that due to the products not classified in the three main product groups,
the sum of shares may not add up to a 100.
Breakdown by main destination and origin: EU (27) members are grouped as one trading partner. Shares
for unspecified destinations/origins are presented when at least one of the shares is greater than the share of
the fifth main destination/origin. Re-imports are also included.

COMMERCIAL SERVICES (balance of payments based statistics)

The share in world total exports and imports of commercial services for individual economies is calculated
using world trade including intra-EU (27) trade. For the EU (27) as one trading reporter the share is calculated
on the basis of world trade excluding intra-EU (27) trade.
Breakdown by principal services items: Other commercial services refer to communication, construction,
insurance, financial, computer, information, other business, and personal, cultural and recreational services,
and royalties and license fees.

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Data refer to the annual number of patents granted to (including those based on PCT international applications)
and trademark registrations effected (including designations under the Madrid Agreement or Protocol) in the
name of residents and non-residents of the considered economy.

EU (27) refers to the EU members as of January 2007, including EC-12 members (Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom) and Austria,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovak
Republic, Slovenia and Sweden. The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu is
referred to as Taipei, Chinese in the tables.

Statistical sources:
Eurostat, New Cronos and Comext databases; IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics and Government
Finance Statistics; UNCTAD, TRAINS database; UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD members, UNSD-
OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing System); World Bank, World Development Indicators;
WIPO, Industrial Property Statistics; WTO and national statistics.

186 TRADE PROFILES 2009

TRADE PROFILES 2009 187
 WTO MEMBERS AND OBSERVERS

Members

Observers

Other

Note: Colours and boundaries do not imply

any judgement on the part of WTO as to
the legal status or frontier of any territory.

188 TRADE PROFILES 2009

TRADE PROFILES 2009 189
 NOTES

190 TRADE PROFILES 2009

TRADE PROFILES 2009 191
192 TRADE PROFILES 2009
 World Trade Organization
Trade Profiles provides the latest information on the trade flows
and trade policy measures of WTO members, observers and other
selected economies. With information for each country provided
in a standardized format, the publication is an invaluable quick
reference tool for anyone looking for essential trade statistics. The
data provided for each country include basic economic indicators
(such as GDP), trade policy indicators (such as tariffs, import duties,
number of disputes, notifications outstanding and contingency
measures in force), merchandise trade flows (broken down by broad
product categories and major origins and destinations), services
trade flows (with a breakdown by major components) and industrial
property indicators. With one page devoted to each country, Trade
Profiles offers a concise overview of global trade.

WTO 2009
Trade
Profiles
Trade Profiles 2009

ISBN 978-92-870-3694-0
2009

9 789287 036940