aU Cama Ra CSSA CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS Student Number ‘ASSOCIATION OF NSW. 2015 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION ‘Morning Session ‘Tuesday 4 August 2015 General Instructions ‘Total marks 100 © Reading time 5 minutes Prez © Working time 3 hours © Write using black or blue pen | 75 marks Black pen is preferred “This section has two parts, Part A and Part 4 Drav diagrams using pene ‘© Use Multiple Choice Answer} Part A Sheet provided ‘© Attempt Questions 1-20 ‘+ Board-approved calelators may J * Allow about 35 minutes for this part bbe used ‘+ A datasheet, formulae sheets and | Part B Petiodie Table are provided | * Attempt Questions 21-31 SEPARATELY ‘© Allow about I hour and 40 minutes for this part Write your Centre Number and Stn Nero po Pras 29 Sheps od Page we 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 32-36 ‘Allow about 45 minutes for this section Disclaimerdons 1-20 Allow about 35 minutes for ths section Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-20. 1 Anupward acceleration fom the surfice of the Earth results in a g-free of3. The magnitude ‘of this acceleration is (A) 1x9.8ms? @) 2x98ms* (© 3x98ms7 ©) 4x9.8ms? 2 Which of the folowing scenarios best models an net fameof reference? (A) A-module landing onthe Moon, (@) A rocket launching rom Eat (© Asset thet snot rng its hrastes orbiting Earth (D) A rocket thats nt firing its thrusters in deep space3 Which of the following options best compares low-earth and geostationary orbits? « ® © © Altitade Relative Orbital | Position above Decay Earth ‘Suieliteinlow | Varied High Varied Eanh orbit ‘Sulit in Fed Tow Fixed geostationary obit ‘Altitude ‘Relative Orbital | Position above Deca Barth Satelite Tow | Fixed High ‘Varied Earth obit Satellite in Varied Tow Fixed peostationary orbit, “Altitude Relative Orbital — | Postion above Decay Earth ‘Suielive inlow | Vavied Tow Varied Earth orbit ined postationary orbit ‘Altitude Relative Orbital | Fosition above Decay Barth Sateliteinlow | xed Low Fixed Earth orbit Satelite in Varied High Varied peostationary orbit‘A probe is traveling from Earth foward the outer limit ofthe solar systom. Possible paths of the probe relative to various bodies ae shawn. Which of the following shows a typical and helpful manoeuvre to the probe? “ fern a ® rs © ®5 A planet Po ina distant galaxy as sic moons orbiting it, Data forthe radius and period of teach moon's orbit was gathered and resulted ina graph which ean be represented as follows: P versa re Rao) ‘The mass ofthe planet Po is closest to (A) 1.091 x 10%kg @) 132K 0kg ©) 1.701 x 10!" ke (D) 2.059 x 10! kgDuring launch ofa multi-stage rocket, there comes a point when the first fuel tank is nearly ‘empiy and wil son be jetisoned. Approaching that ime, which ofthe following is true? (8) Aerodynamic forces acting on rocket increase; Inertia to be overcome by thrust forces decreases; Rate of velocity change increases; ‘Thrust of engines increases. (B) Aerodynamic frees acting on rocket decrease; Incl to be overcome by thrust Forces decreases; Rate of velocity change increases; ‘Thrust of engines is constant (©) Actodynamic forces acting on rocket inresse; Inertia o be avercome by thrust fores increases; Rate of velocity change increases; ‘Taras of engines decreases, (©) Acrodynamie frees seting on rocket decrease; Inertia to be overeome by thrust frees increases; Rate of velocity change decreases; ‘Thrust of engines constant ‘A copper tng is made to pas through a magnetic field at a constant speed, as shown inthe diagram belove. At whic location will he magnitude ofthe induced current be largest?A physic student prformed an investigation to predict and verify the effect ona generated electric current when the strength of the magnet was varied. The student inserted & magnet into the solenoid, held i stationary and then removed it. Deflection ofthe ammeter needle were observed. A diagram of the experimental set-up is shown Belov, { ‘lene —| A ‘What would be an acceptable control inthis experiment? (A) Keeping the numberof solenoid coi turns the same foreach ial (B) Repeating the experiment using the South Pole ofthe magnet (©) Repeating the experiment sith magnets of increasing strength, but with the same dimensions as the bar magnet (D)_ Repeating the experiment with a demagnetised pice of ron that has the same dimensions as the bat magnet‘An author wrote in a popular science magazine: “George Westinghouse ~ Edison's business rival - pold Nikola Tesla to work for him. Tesla's lecrical system was based on alternating current (AC), whick was fr superior to Edison's direct current (DC). AC was considerably more economical for long-distance electricity sistribuion.” Which ofthe following options would lead fo the best assessment of relisilty ofthe secondary information above? (A) Investigate the autor to verify if she i a reputable expert in physi. (8) Compare the information with infomation ftom other reliable sources, (©) Find out when the anticle was watten to see if tis up-to-date (D) Determine if there is bias in what the author has written,10 Aneficient transformer with 100 turns in the primary and 150 tums in the socondary coil, bas a primary voltage shown in the graph below: ‘Which graph represents the scondary voltage? ofa 4 Bl i is oe Time (8) ___| Cun eat ‘Secondary Voltage (V) Time (9) Question 10 continues on page 10 9" ) 8 Secondary Voltage (V) Time (9) Time (9) ‘A current of .2A flows through each ofthe parallel current-carrying condictrs shown inthe diagram below. 5 om 6a ei Calculate the magnitude ofthe net force per unit length on conductor C. (A) 16x10 Nat ®) 28% 10a (© 32x10°Nm! (D) 56x 10°Nm12 A simple diagram of a 3-phase AC induction motors shown below. B ‘The curved arows around the rotor indicate the direction of rot ‘phase pus ‘The rotor commonly consists of (A) A pemanent magnet that sable to rotate freely atthe same rate a the 3-Phase input ()_Aslip-ring commutator, which allows for curent to flow in one direction in the rotor coils (©) A taminated ion core surrounded by a “cage” of Copper or Aluminium bars (D) A splitsing commutator, which allows foreuren to flow in one direction inthe rotor coils Towards the end ofthe 19% Century, much stentfie debate cenred on the apparent inconsistent behavior of eathode rays, as observed in various experiments. ‘This debate was resolved by (A) De Broglie's wave model (8) Einstein's explanation ofthe photoelectric effect, (©) Hert’s cathode ray experiments with electric Fields and thin gold foil (©) Thomson's measurement ofthe eletron's charge to mass ratio“ 18 16 ‘What was Biesten's contribution to quantum theory? (A) He combined the quantised wave and particle models of igh (@) He analyst the photoelectric effect ad desribed light ax quantised eneray packets (©) He explained black body radiation andthe photelectic effect using quantised energy. (©) He hypothesised thatthe radiation emitted and absorbed bythe walls of back body cavity is quantised, ‘The diagram below shows two equal positive charges P,Q, Rand Ssepresent points within the electric feld produced by the two charges @e -F © ‘What isthe coret order of electric Feld strength, from highest fo lowest strength? ® PsaR ® PsRQ © oRsr © Res? Solid state devies replaced thermionic devices, because they: (A) could send stronger signals further (B)_ operated at higher temperatures and were much faster (©) were much smaller end could manipulate tiny eurents accurately and reliably. (©) were made of mates is that were more abundant and easier to refine to ahigh put” 8 “The experimental apparatus shown below is a cathode ray tube, coniining a free-moving paddle whee, and is connected to high voltage power supply esata a Which statement bes explains the results ofthis experiment? (A) Cathode rays are charged particles, (B)_ Cathode rays have momentum and mas. (©) Cathode rays have high frequency and high energy (D)_ The paddle wheel cannot stop the high-energy cathode rays Incident ight is shone on the metal surface ofthe cathode in a photocell, o produce acurent, ‘duet the photoelectric effect. This current is measured by a galvanometr in the extemal cient. ‘The cutent produced is proportional to: (A) The intensity ofthe incident ight (B) The frequency ofthe incident light (©) Theenergy ofthe electons emitted (©) The voltage supply inthe external cceit19 » Around the tum ofthe 20" Century, Pysicsts measured the intensity of the radiation being ‘emitted from hested black bodies, The results were unexpected and could not be adequately ‘explained by clasical wave theory. This “ultraviolet catatropho”, ast was called, was best ‘explained by: (A). Light existing as photons. (B) Electrons having wave properties. (©) Flectrons existing in quantised energy levels. (D) Light having «threshold fequeney, before an election being mite ‘A student was deciding between two methods to meseutesoceleration due to gravity ‘4.2m ong string with metal ball on the end acting as « pendulum and being timed ‘with a stopwatch, ', table tennis ball whose fll is med using photogates connected toa datalogger. ‘The student should expect the datalogger method to give a value which is (A). Free ofany enor at every altitude (B) Less than the pendulum at every location (©) Similany increased at 950m altinde compared to st ground level, (D) More precise but not necessarily more accurate at every locaton “4BLANK PAGEBLANK PAGELG cxsso.c seconoany scuoots AssociaTion oF Nsw 2015 TRIAL HIGH SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION ‘Ceniee Number Section I (continued) Part B55 marks Attempt Questions 21-31 ‘Suident Number “Allow about t hour and 40 minutes for this part ‘Answer the questions inthe spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance forthe expected length of response. Show all relevant working in questions involving caleulations Question 21 (4 marks) ‘The diagram below includes a simplified electricity generation and distribution system. Inside the power sation isa three-phase AC electrical generator. Power Staton a “nsfomer ra 3700-4(@) Identify tho structure labelled "X* and dese AC generator. its purpose in the operation ofathnee-phase 2 (©) Why is step up transformer used befor eletcsl power is transmitted along electrical power 2 tines? Question 2 (5 marks) Anelecti field is created between two parallel plates, by connecting them toa power supply asin the diagram below. 18(8) On the diagram opposite, draw the electric field between the metal pats. 1 (©) Caleulate the electric field strength between te plates 1 (©) A.mngnetic field i also applied berween the pates, so that a proton tavelling at 3x 10% ms? 3 ‘eavels undefleced between the plates, from lett righ Determine the magnitude and direction ofthe magnetic field required for this to occur. Question 23 (5 marks) Desecibe what superconductvity is and discus an application oft to a developing technology, 3 other than magle tains and MRI seans.‘Question 24 (5 marks) {A cannonballs fred from the ground at 725° to the horizontal {rom Point M. The cannonball takes 63 seconds to land at Point 8, the base of which is 85m from Point M, Point S (landing point) << sn —__> (@) Caleslate the height of Pont S above ground level. (©) What isthe veal component of velocity asthe projectile lands at Point $? 20Question 25 (4 masks) A simple DC motors shown in the diagram below. The armature coil has dimensions 30em x 30cm, fear \ soln amet ‘a (2) Explain why the torque onthe armature colin the diagram above i 20. 2 (©) If te battery produces a curent of 02 and the magnets produce amagneticfeld of .1T, 2 caleulate the magnitude ofthe maximum torque experienced by the armature col. aQuestion 26 (6 marks) “Te Mihlon Morey interiometer experiment of 1887 was poor experiment and onmed io 6 it. Actually, its only value to Physics is as an example of what failure loos like”. Assess tis statement, inchuding reference tothe method employed by Michelson and Morey. 2Question 27 (6 marks) ‘The pats ofa cathode ry oscilloscope (CRO) are shown in the diagram below. (2) Explain how a cathode ray beam is produced in a CRO. 2 (®)_Deserbe the mechanism tat is used in the CRO to make the eatbode ray hit the seen at X as 2 opposed oY. 2(©) Describe how the cathode ray steering system in a television set could achieve the same deflection from ¥ 10 X. Question 28 6 marks) ‘A hand-held electric dil is used to dill hole nto a wall. Inside the hand-held elec dill a ‘DC motor. The DC motor applies a torque tothe drll-bit, causing ito rotate. An ammeter on the outside ofthe electric drill provides a reading ofthe curent passing through the coils i the DC rotor. Electric dri ie i / 1.048, ‘tation’ (2) Deserbe one energy transformation and one energy transfer taking place in the operation of the elect dil a it ills through the wall 4(©) Whilst dvling throug the wall, de dil-bit experiences a large amount of fietion opposing — 4 its rotation. When the drill isnot drilling through the wall, however, the current lowing through the DC motor coil is smaller andthe ammeter reading decreases to 0.78A, a shown, in the diagram below. Wall 0.78A Rotation Explain what is meant bythe term “back emi. In terms of tack emf and any other Physics ‘rinciples involved, explain why the ammeter reading decreases when te dil is sill on and ‘uring but not drilling through the wal 25Question 29 (4 mats) ‘Account forthe occurrence of “holes” in semiconductors, and explain ther effet on and involvement inthe flow of canent in a semiconductor, whe an emis applied, Question 30 (5 marks) Electricity from power stations is transmitted overlong distances at high volages. Discuss the need {for and impact on society ofthe processes and strectures required to alter high voltage AC electrical ower before it can be used in homes. Question 30 continues on page 27Question 31 (7 marks) ‘The graph below depicts the variation in the length of an object with relative velocity (asa proportion ofc, the sped of light. Fry 02 oa os oe 2 ‘Velocity (le) (@) A spacecraft with a rest length of S00m moves witha velocity of 08e relative roan observer. 2 Use the graph to determine the observed spacecrat length, ‘Question 31 continues on Page 28 2(©) For length contraction and two other relativistic ects, explain what the shape ofthis raph implies and disess such implications for space travel eyAG sis szcovonre sesoorerseocunonoe nou 2015 TRIAL HIGH SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Section It 25 marks ‘Attempt ONE question from Questions 32-36 ‘Allow about 45 minutes for this seetion For Questions ‘answer pats (9-6) ofthe question in Section Il Answer Booklet 1 ‘© answer parts (d){@) ofthe question in Section Il Answer Booklet 2 Batra writing booklets are available. Show all relevant working in question involving calculations Pages Question 32 Geophysics 30:31 (Question 33 Medical Physics 32.33 Question 34 Astrophysies so 345 Question 35 From Quanta to Quarks a. insnnnnennnnenenine 36 Question 36 The Age of Silicon ares nenneeneie 3739 » 3700-4Question 32 Geophysics (25 masks) Ansvee pets (8}(0) in Section Il Answer Booklet 1 (@) i Compare incoming with reflected r ‘reflecting surface, jon and show how it ean provide information about 2 ji Explain how TWO remote sensing techniques canbe used to monitor climate, vegetation 3 and pollution (©) Some ofthe prinsipl methods used in geophysics are seismic, gravitational, radiometric and 3 peothermal, Describe the type of information that any TWO of these metiods can provide (© 4 Seismic waves are both reflected and refracted, This as led 10 @ good understanding ofthe 3 Earth's interior structure. ‘Sketch the diagram (not drawn to scale) below into your ANSWER BOOK, ‘Show how the resultant p waves ate both reflected and refracted and detected a the two seismic stations, Label both the reflected and reacted rays. (Note: Assume thatthe mantle basa uniform density and wssume thatthe core has higher ‘miform density, a eisiestationt Selsmie Station 2 Eioentre Outline TWO pieces of nformation tht can be obiined bythe examination ofthe 2 reflected and reacted seismic waves, 30Answer parts (d)()in Section Il Answer Booklet 2. (@) i A student wishes o confirm the findings of Jean Richer that eto conclusions about the ‘shape ofthe Earth “HefShe knows thatthe length ofa simple pendulum with «period of 1.000 seconds in Pais is 0.25058 metes. The student contacts felends in other locations and asks thems to measure ‘the period of «pendulum with this length. The results are shown in the tale below: Taxation Tate Periods Pats 48.829N 00000, Eainbargh S5.924N, 7.00390, Singapore .300N 0.98598, ‘Using your knowledge of Physics fom Module 9.2 (Spacs) and the equations provided on _your datasheet, justify conclusions made about the shape of the Earth. correction and Bouguer correction. (©) List THREE geophysical phenomena and describe how each one individually and collectively demoastrates thatthe arth is dynamic or constantly changing, 3 Recount the steps in gravity data redueton including latitude correction, free-air 3 ‘‘Question 33 ~ Medical Physies (25 marks) Answer parts (a) in Seetion II Answer Booklet (@) i FDG has halP fe of 109 minutes whereas Stontium 90 has half-life of 28.8 years Define the term ‘half life’ and identify why FDG is preferable for use asa sadiopharmaceutical ii_ Explain the process in which FDGis used to produce gamma rays in a PET scan. (©) Anuliasound wave is passing through muscle tissue (Z= 1.65) and encounters bone tissue = 39). (Quantitaively describe what happens to the sound wave wien it encounters the boundary. (©) i Amaninvolved ina sking secident experiences fractured check bones. A doctor orders CCAT sean ater an initial X-ray. Outline the process involved in producing » CAT sean image ii Explain in what ereumstances a CAT sean is preferable over a regular X-ray to determine the fracture locations. 32Answer parts (0) in Section Il Answer Booklet 2. (@) i Inan MRI sean, precessng nuclei experience a radio pulse. Define precession and explain 3 ‘What happens othe nucle fi AMI scan is made ofthe head. Shade inthe areas that appear darker inthe image below 3 ‘and explain why these regions would appear dark bone (©) Accolonoscopy is a procedure in which an endoscope must be dircted through the rectum to 6 examine the colon and the large intestine. This is done to detect the presence of polyps, a precursor fo bowel cancer. The surgeon is also able to remove these polyps, if detected Explain, using Physics principles, how the surgeon is able to see around trough sucha voluted argan und outline how the endoscope can be used fr treatment, as well as agnosis 3Question 34 Astrophysics (25 marks) Anower parts (a)-(¢) in Setion II Answer Booklet (@) i Proxima Centauri the closest tar to Earth, has the largest messured stellar parallax st 0.76 3 are second. Explsin, including acaleuistion, how the distance to Proxima Centauri can be ‘termined li Clarify the limitations ofthe trigonometric parallax method for determining stellar 2 stances (©) Explain the ue of iter for photometic measurements in providing information to beter 3 understand the stars (©) i Theintensity of EM radistion emitted by the Sun has a maximum intensity ata wavelength 3 of approximately 500nm. Only this peak point is shown in the graph below. Intensity Vs Wavelength — 2 a 2 Wavelength (a) Copy this graph with he single data point and show the intensityfwavelength relationship forthe sun and for atypical red dwar iit was placed atthe same distance from Earth, Aisrogarding specific numeric values. ji Contrast he spetra produced by stars with that of ot interstellar gas clouds, 2 34‘Ansiwor parts (4)(6 in Section Tl Answer Booklet 2 (©) i Procyon is a double star system, comprising Procyon A, a man sequence dwarf and 3 Procyon B, whit dwarf. They are separated on average by adistance of 14.9 AU and exhibit an orbital period of 406 yeats. Determine the total mass of the Procyon system if 1 ‘AUis 1.49 x 10!"m, ‘Cepheids have played avery important roe in our understanding of galaxies, Explainhowe 3 the period-uminosiy relationship fr cepeids has been fundamental to this (©) With clear reference to Hertasprung-Russell (HR) diagram and postion on the main ‘ sequence, explin the pysical processes that determine the evolutionary tack ofa sar with ‘mass equivalent to 10 solar masses.‘Question 35 — From Quanta to Quarks (25 mks) Answer pars (a)-() in Section Il Answer Booklet 1 (2) i Motal sheets required for building and machinery have to be engineered toa precise thickness, Describe a raioisotope that can be used for this purpose. fi According to seientits, the standard model attempts to explain all mater in the universe. Contrast success and limitation ofthe standard model of matter. (©) In 1913 Neil Boke proposed a remarkably suecesfil model for the structure ofthe atom, ‘Analyse the significance ofthe hydrogen spectrum in the development ofthis model. (© i During an Australian Open tennis match an incoming balls struck, moving off with three times is initial speed, Identify whether the ball has greater wavelength before or afler ‘being stack, and by referring othe de Broglie formule, explain the reason fo his. fi Bragg Institute is the one ofthe leading institutes in the word for neutron scatering. Discuss the advantage of neutron scattering over X-ray scattering Answer parts (d)(¢ in Section I Answer Booklet? (2) i Explain how a mcleus stays together despite the presonce of large elestrestate repulsion between densely packed protons, In your response account fr smaller nuclei being more stable than very large mile ii Diseuss the contribution made by Heisenberg towards the development of etme theory (©) Nuclear fission energy is a significant source of electrical energy. Describe how a nuclear reactor ean be used to produce eleticiy. In your response include descriptions ofthe basic ‘components of a nuclear fission reactor.Question 37 The Age of on (25 marks) Answer parts (a){6) in Section Il Answer Booklet (@) i Using circuit diagram, explain the operation of relay. iA student constructed the following circuit. Construct truth abl relating the outputs to the inputs (8) The fallowing table shows the numberof tnsistors in atypical microprocessor in the year ofits introduction, Year ‘Tanase Com wii 300 15a 000 1930 a0 065 000 25 000 00 Toi Ta 000 000 Discuss the effect of this tend on the growth of computer power. 3(©) 1 Redraw the following ciruit in your answer book 1.2k0 +6 Xin -16v ‘Modify the circuit so that thas a voltage gain of -150. ii Explain the range ofthe input Xq over which the cient acts as a Hinear device. Answer parts ()(e in Section IT Answer Booklet2. (@) 1 Deserite the transducer that is commonly used in the light meter of a camera and the relationship between the amount of ight incident on it and its electrical properties (Use graph to describe the relationship, 5i_A circuit is setup as shown using a transducer whose characterises are shovn. 19, 16y Rio Vour ‘Transducer 1 © 19 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Te ‘Atroom temperature of 20°C the voltage Vour is 68 vols ‘The tempereture changes and Voor is now 10.4 volls. Determine the new ‘temperature. Fy(©) Different types of information can be processed by electronic systems than by electric 6 systems Evaluate the types of information used in electronic and electric eres, the common elements used, and the impact on society over the last 70 years owing to developments in technology of other cireit elements. 39EXAMINERS Allyson Mascarenbas (Convenor) Monte Sant? Angelo Mercy College ‘Suteka Chander Rosebank College, Five Dock. ‘Matthew Couani Domremy College, Five Dock John English Holy Spirit College, Lakemba Paul Looyen ‘Macarthur Anglican School, Camden Dr William Knepeath ‘Australian Insitute of Physies Amy Sexith ‘Stella Matis College, Manly ‘Alex Thorburn DEC Schools ‘Set ie Ean paar ical aa eprint waar, ‘Sprigunaiae Notion pan wig sacl usp came manny ean Cee mae aE ‘ep ft ah CSSA ps pe fern re yn hl ma oh ey ee a ‘min ngs ESSA al amano pe he ee a a oe 40