PART A (10 marks)

1.

21.

2.

22.

3.

23.

4.

24.

5.

25.

6.

26.

7.

27.

8.

28.

9.

29.

10.

30.

11.

31.

12.

32.

13.

33.

14.

34.

15.

35.

16.

36.

17.

37.

18.

38.

19.

39.

20.

40.

PART B (15 marks)

1

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a result of overproduction of human

growth hormone
during adulthood
where bones are no longer capable of increasing in
length,
the thickness of bones can increase together with
increased growth of soft tissue.
This is because of presence of tumour in the pituitary
gland.

(1 mark)

(Any 3 = 3
marks)

Removal of tumour (surgery) can prevent further

growth.
Drugs used to lower the production or block the action (Any 1 =
of growth hormone: somatostatin analogues, growth
hormone antagonist
Radiation treatment (radiotherapy) if the surgery is not
possible and also when tumor cells remain after surgery

1. The malaria parasite life cycle involves two hosts (mosquito &
human). During a blood meal, a malaria-infected female
Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites into the human
host.
2. Sporozoites infect liver cells and mature into hepatic
schizonts, which rupture and release merozoites
(approximately 30,000 merozoites).

1 mark)

(1/2 mark)

(1/2 mark)

3. Merozoites invade red blood cells and turn into early

trophozoites (ring form) and then developed into late
trophozoite.

(1/2 mark)

4. The trophozoites mature into blood stage schizonts, which

rupture releasing merozoites into bloodstream. (ASEXUAL
STAGE)

(1/2 mark)

5. Some trophozoites do not become merozoites but differentiate

into gametocytes. (SEXUAL STAGE)

(1/2 mark)

3.

6. The male and female gametocytes are ingested by an

Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal.

(1/2 mark)

7. While in the mosquito's stomach, the male and female gametes

fused and generated zygotes.

(1/2 mark)

8. The zygotes in turn become motile and elongated ookinetes

which invade the midgut wall of the mosquito where they
develop into oocysts.

(1/2 mark)

9. The oocysts grow, rupture, and release sporozoites, which

make their way to the mosquito's salivary glands.

(1/2 mark)

10. Inoculation of the sporozoites into a new human host continues

the malaria life cycle.

(1/2 mark)

Allopatric speciation

(1 mark)

The porkfish population is physically isolated / separated

by geographical barriers / by the formation of the Isthmus of

(1 mark)
(1 mark)

Panama

The porkfish is unable to interbreed with each other

(1 mark)

Resulting in formation of new species

(1 mark)