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1:
COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION
Group 8
INTRODUCTION:
Most materials are in to thermal expansion which has a tendency to expand
when heated, and to contract or compress when cooled. For this phenomena
or action, bridges are built with metal expansion joints, so that they can
expand and contract without causing faults in the overall structure of the
bridge. Some machines and structures likewise have a feature protection
against the dangers of linear expansion. Useful linear expansion in
thermometers and thermostats which makes the apparatus work.
OBJECTIVE:
To be able to measure the coefficient of linear expansion of a metal rod.
THEORY:
Almost all substances expand and contract when cooled. The proportional
increase in length of a solid material when heated for every increase in
temperature by one (1) degree Celsius is called the coefficient of linear
expansion.
The relationship governing the linear expansion of a long thin rod can be
reasoned out as follows:
Length of
Rod (mm)
TEMPERATURE
MICROMETER
First
First
Last
COMPUTATION
Sample computations for aluminum:
Last
(mm)
t rm=25 C
o
t hot =75 C
t=7525=50 oC
L=1.23 mm
Lo=702 mm
=
1.23
=3.5 x 105 /C o
(703 ) (50)
expansion.
AV =2.38 x 105 / C o
105 /
2.38 x 10 3.5 x
x 100=47.24
2.38 x 105
%Error=
5
QUIZ
1. When the temperature of a rod of copper is increased, its length:
(a) stays the same
(b) increases
(c) decreases
2. The amount by which unit length of a material increases when the
temperature is raised one degree is called the coefficient of:
(a) cubic expansion
(b) superficial expansion
(c) linear expansion
3. The symbol used for volumetric expansion is:
(a)
(b)
(c) L
(d)